Galu wam'nyanja si nyama, koma nsomba yokhala m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, galu wam'nyanja amathanso kukhala chiweto. Zisunga bwanji?
Nsomba zimakhala m'madzi otentha, otentha komanso otentha pang'ono m'malo okhala ndi miyala kapena pansi. Ndipo mitundu yokhayo imapezeka m'madzi abwino. Agalu amakonda kukhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitundu yambiri imakhala m'malo otentha.
Awa ndi nsomba zam'munsi, zomwe posaka chakudya zimasanthula mchenga kapena miyala. Mitundu yomwe imakhala pa littoral panthawi yocheperako yazitali mumatumba ang'ono, kenako, ndikudumphira pamtunda, kapena kukwawa kuti ikafike kumadzi akale. Zakudya za agalu am'madzi ndizosiyanasiyana: kapezi ndi mtundu wa bulawuni, benthos, invertebrates, plankton, akhwangwala achichepere, ma mollusks.
Pali mitundu yomwe imadya majeremusi omwe akhazikika pakhungu la nsomba zazikulu. Amagwira ntchito za "oyeretsa", kusonkhanitsa majeremusi omwe amakumba kachitsotso. Koma nthawi zina, m'malo moyeretsa, omwe akhudzidwa ndi miyambo yodzipereka amataya zipsepse zake. Mitundu iyi iluma zipsepse, ndikugwira nyama.
Makulidwe amiyendo agalu am'madzi amasiyana masentimita atatu mpaka 30. Koma pali mitundu ikuluikulu.
Nsombazo zimakhala ndi thupi lalitali ngati eel, losiyana kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wina wa banja.
Galu Wam'madzi (Blennius).
Agalu ena onse amakumbukira za nsomba zina - kuthamanga kwambiri. Thupi nthawi zambiri limakhala yopapatiza, yopapatiza m'chigawo cha mchira, pang'onopang'ono limakulira kunja ndikukhala mutu wopingasa. Mbiri ya nsombayi ndi yofanana ndi khola lam'madzi, lomwe popanda dontho lakuthwa limalowa m'maso. Pakamwa yayikulu pamaso pawo panaoneka chamutu. Khungu losemedwa silikhala ndi masikelo ndipo limakutidwa ndi ntchofu wakuda womwe umateteza thupi la nsomba.
Mphesa pamimba ndizosiyidwa kwina ndipo zimakhala pafupi ndi pectorals. Fiyala yayikulu yakumbuyo imafalikira kumbuyo, kakhazikitsidwe kakang'ono kumigawa m'magawo awiri: lakutsogolo limapindika ndipo kumbuyo kumakhala kotentha. Ma anal fin ndi ofanana ndi gawo lofewa la dorsal fin ndipo ndilofanana mulifupi. Pa nsagwada pali mano 31-44, mano omaliza omwe ali pansi amatchedwa fangs, kumapeto kwa chibwano sichimakula kwambiri. Chingwe cholumikizira chimawonekera bwino kutsogolo kwa thupi ndipo ndi njira yokhala ndi pores.
Mtundu wamtundu umayang'aniridwa ndi imvi kapena chikasu pakatikati pa maolivi. Mimba yake ndi yachikasu; malo akuda amapezeka mbali ndi kumbuyo. Pansi pake pamapiko achikasu ndi kumada. Zipsepse zamtchire ndizobiriwiranso chikasu ndipo ndizokongoletsedwa ndi mizere 4-5 ya malo ofiira.
Chifukwa cha utoto wanzeru, agalu a kunyanja ali ndi chotsekera pansi pamadziwe.
Utoto wa agalu am'nyanja umagwirizanitsa bwino ndi utoto wapansi ndikuyipitsa thupi la nsomba. Mikwingwirima ingapo, mawanga amachititsa kuti njirayi ikhale yovuta kwambiri, koma izi ndizothandiza kwa nsomba zomwe zimakonda kukhalabe zosaoneka m'malo awo okhala. Agalu Am'mbali mwa nyanja amadziwika ndi kutuluka kwa khungu kopanda mawonekedwe. Amadziwika kwambiri amuna, amakongoletsa thupi ndikupatsa nsomba kuti zizioneka zozizwitsa. Mbuna zazikulu, zophimba thupi la nsomba, zimathandiza kukhazikika pamphepete mwa nyanja kwa nthawi yayitali pamafunde ochepa.
Komabe, nsomba zimatha kulowa m'madzi podumpha, pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse posuntha. Agalu am'nyanja amasambira mosazengereza. Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi mwala pansi pake, womwe umalola kuti nsomba zibisike munthawi zowopsa ndikupewa oyandikana ndi abale. Agalu am'nyanja ndi okwiyitsa kwambiri kwa akunja omwe amafunsira gawo losankhidwa la seab.
Mitundu iyi ndi yofala kwambiri. Amakhala ku Mediterranean ndi Nyanja ya Marmara, ku Bosphorus, amapezeka pagombe la Black Sea kuyambira Anapa kupita ku Crimea, komanso ku Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania.
Panthawi yovuta kwambiri, agalu am'nyanja amatha kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Phukusi lophimba thupi limawathandiza kuti asafe.
Amayikira mazira mu Meyi-Juni m'mapanga ang'ono pansi, pamiyala yam'mphepete, m'miyala yopanda kanthu ya oyster ndi mussels. Mazira amakula masiku 15-20. Nthawi yonseyi amuna amalondera omanga. Pofika m'mwezi wa Meyi, mphutsi zimafikira 5mm, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira, kutalika kwa thupi laiyo kumawonjezeka mpaka 50-70 mm. Ana aang'ono amadyera m'malo a miyala ndipo amatsogolera moyo wopandagic. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimadyedwa pamadzi am'madzi, ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono, mitundu ina ndi adani.
Agalu am'nyanja ndi malo abwino operekera zakudya m'madzi. Okonda amakopeka ndi mtundu wawo wowala ndi machitidwe ake achilendo. Agalu am'nyanja sakupikisana ndi nsomba zamtundu wina, koma amapanga zofunika za kuchuluka kwa aquarium, ayenera kukhala osachepera 50 malita. Kwa nsomba, mumasowa malo okhalako mwaulere, aliyense amafuna kupeza ngodya yaulere, yomwe imakhala kothawirako. Ndi kuphatikiza kwazinthu zingapo, ndizotheka kukhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya nsomba mu aquarium imodzi.
Pokhapokha ngati mitundu yoyaka yokha ndiyofunika kuti mabowo ndi miyala isankhidwe, kuyikika kuti zizituluka. Kenako agalu am'nyanja amatha kumasuka pang'onopang'ono pamiyala yamiyala. Amadyetsa nsomba ndi chakudya wamba komanso chauwisi, kuwonjezera nyama, nsomba kapena nkhono, kuphatikiza masamba azakudya ndi zina.
Agalu akuluakulu panyanja ndi zakudya zamasamba ndipo amadyera mwala, ngakhale kuti nyama zodya ziliko.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa okonda nsomba zam'madzi ndi galu wopsinjika. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi chinthu chosangalatsa chomwe chimapanga mawonekedwe apadera: kumbuyo kwa nsombayo kuli kachitidwe kogwiritsa ntchito njira 20 zoyipa. Galu wosangalatsa wamtendere yemwe amakhala ku Pacific, Adriatic and Black Seas. Mu nyengo yakukhwima, chovala chowoneka ngati chisoti chimawonekera pamutu wamphongo kenako ndikuwonetsa zimpikisano.
Agalu a Sphynx amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya agalu am'nyanja m'mavuto osasinthika amtundu wophatikizika pamaso. Thupi la nsomba limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima ya 6-7 yotakata yofiirira yomwe ili mbali. Mitundu: galu wamba, ofiira kapena wachikasu ofiira omwe amapezeka mu Black Sea.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Zizindikiro zakunja za mfumu yabuluu yaying'ono
Kankhono kakang'ono kwambiri ka buluu ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono masentimita 16.5. Zowoneka kumbuyo kwake ndi buluu wakuda, wonyezimira. Mutu wokhala ndi timitsinje tamdima. Thupi m'mbali ndi pakhosi ndi loyera, pansi ndi mtundu wofiirira. Nthenga ndi mchira wamtambo ndi zamtambo. Pansi pa mapiko ake ndi dzimbiri. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, wautali komanso wopambana poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi.
Ochepera Blue Kingfisher (Alcedo coerulescens).
Zomwe zimachitika pa kagulu kakang'ono ka mbalameyi
Kankhono kakang'ono ka buluu ndi mbalame ya kumtunda. Makolonu sapanga. Kuteteza malo ake odyetsera ndipo imayendetsa othamanga.
Asodzi aang'ono amtundu wamtambo wabuluu mpaka ayezi kulowa.
Kansomba kakang'ono ka buluu kamadzafika pomwe mitsinje idakutidwa ndi ayezi. Amapinda mumadzi akuya mumadzi oundana. Samakonda kusaka mlengalenga.
Nthawi zina, ikafunafuna nyama padziwe, mbalameyi imatambasulira mapiko ake pamwamba pa madzi, ngati gulugufe wamkulu.
Imapachikika pamalo amodzi mlengalenga, ndikuwonjezera mapiko a mapiko, kotero zimawoneka zowonekera.
Mbidzi yaying'onoyo nthawi zambiri imakhala m'malo obisalira pa nthambi, pafupi ndi madzi. Ndizovuta kudziwa, chifukwa mbalameyo imabisidwa masamba owala. Mbalameyi siyiyang'ana kutali ndi madzi ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi imadziponyera m'madzi popanda kufalitsa mapiko ake. Akagwira nsomba, mbalame yaying'ono yamtambo imadya nyama nthawi yomweyo kapena imawuluka ndi nsomba kupita nayo.
Asodzi achifumu abuluu amasamukira mochedwa, "abereke nthawi yozizira, kenako nkuuluka." Chifukwa chake anthu'wo akufotokozera dzina la mbalame'yo. Koma ngakhale isanayambike nyengo yachisanu nthawi yachisanu sanachedwe kuchoka pamalo odyetserako. Amapeza chowawa ndi glade m'malo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yachangu ndipo amapitilizabe "kusaka" m'madzi oundana. Mbalame sizichita mantha ndi chisanu, chifukwa chake amatchedwanso - glaze.
Pakusaka kosapambana, mbalameyo imabwerera pamalo ake oyambira ndikuzizira mosayembekezereka.
Kubwezeretsa kwa kingfisher kakang'ono ka buluu
Asodzi aang'ono amfumu abuluu amapanga bowo pagombe la mchenga. Kutalika kwa malo okhala ndi 0.30 - mita imodzi, kutengera kutalika kwa nthaka. Mbalame zimakhomera pansi ndi mulomo wamphamvu ndikuwunika dothi. Kukumba burashi kumatenga pafupifupi sabata. Ngati kusunthaku kukugona pachimwala chachikulu, ndiye kuti olenjeza amasiya ntchito yomwe sanamalize ndikukumba kabowo kachiwiri. Chojambulachi chimatha ndi chipinda chocheperako. Nthawi zina mbalame za buluu zimasankha mtengo wakale wopendekera wokhala chisa pamphepete mwa nyanjayi, pomwe njira zopendekera za nsomba zimalowa.
Zinyalala mu chisa ndi masikelo a nsomba. Yaikazi imayikira mazira asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri, yokutidwa ndi chipolopolo choyera. Mwana yekha ndiye mbewu, amakhala mwamphamvu pachisa ndipo samachokamo.
Nthawi zina zamphongo zimalowa m'malo mwa chachikazi kuti zitha kufalitsa mapiko ake.
Wamphongo amadyetsa mnzake wamkazi wokhala ndi tsitsi. Chisa cha mfumu yaying'ono ya buluu mkati mwake chimawoneka ngati chotchingira zinyalala zenizeni.
Nthawi ya nesting, zinyalala zambiri za chakudya zimadziunjikira dzenje. Nthochi zimakhala pamiyeso ya nsomba yozunguliridwa ndi mafupa ochepa a nsomba, kumanzere, kuzungulira kwa matupi a nsomba ndi kafadala. Ntchentche zamtundu wamtundu umayamba ndi zotere zambiri, ndipo zimamveka fungo loipa. Mikhalidwe yonse yoyipa iyi siyimayang'ana konse ndi maula okongola a kingfisher.
Pali nthano kuti mbalameyi imafa, ikumathamangira m'madzi kuchokera kunthambi yake yolondera.
Nthawi yochezera mwa mbalame imayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka mu Ogasiti. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pali zisa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale ndi mazira, pomwe anthu ena amakhala kale chisa. Mbewuyo imawoneka yopanda nthenga, yakhungu, yokhala ndi mitu yayikulu pakhosi loonda.
Gawo lam'munsi la mulomo ndi lalitali kwambiri kuposa mulomo wapamwamba. Zoyala zazing'ono zazing'ono zamtambo zimawuluka madzi oundana akakhazikitsidwa pamitsinje.
Nsomba yaying'ono ya buluu yodyetsa
Mlomo wawukulu wa mbalame yaying'onoyi ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuwedza ndi tizilombo tambiri m'madzi.
Mbalame imadyera mphutsi za chinjoka, crustaceans ndi ma invertebrates ena.
Amagwira ma tcpoo ndi achule, koma amakonda zakudya zam'madzi. Padziwe lomwe lili ndi chakudya chochuluka, limagwira nsomba 10 -12 patsiku.
Mukadyetsa anapiye, kugwira kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Kusamukira kwa Ochepa Blue Kingfisher
Asodzi achifumu amtundu wamtambo amayamba ulendo wawo wanyengo kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - theka loyambirira la Seputembala. Nthawi zina amakhalapo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Malo osungira nyengo yachisanu a mbalame zochokera ku Europe gawo la Russia ali ku North Africa, Southern Europe.
Maziko a zakudya ndi nsomba, crustaceans, tizilombo ta m'madzi.
Asodzi ang'ono amafumu abuluu ochokera ku Siberia nyengo yachisanu ku Asia Asia. Mu mtundu wa asodzi amtundu wamtunduwu pali adani ochepa, nthawi zambiri amasanduka mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa - agalu ndi abodza, koma mbalame zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimadza. Anthu amtundu wamfumu samawombera, nyama yawo imanunkhiza ngati nsomba.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame zazing'ono zamtambo
kuchuluka kwa asungwana amfumu abuluu si akulu kwambiri, mbalamezi ndizokongola posankha malo abwino oti zisiye. Asodzi aang'ono amtambo abuluu amakhala m'mphepete mwa chosungira chokhala ndi madzi oyera oyenda osaya pang'ono, zinali zotheka kunyamula nsomba ndikufika pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, timafunika mitengo yamitengo ndi zitsamba, dothi loyenerera kuti timangidwe. Palibe malo ambiri otere ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Ndipo mbalame zirizonse zimakhazikika kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya asodzi osakhala ochepera pa 100-500 metres. Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame kumalumikizidwa ndi zochita za anthu. Kusintha kwanyumbaku kumachitika pakukonzekera madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuzama kwa mitsinje yoyenda panyanja, kusefukira kwamadzi osefukira, mitsinje ing'onoing'ono itatha chifukwa cha kudula mitengo komanso kukokoloka kwa madambo, kukulitsa ntchito zokopa alendo.
