Nyanja za dziko lapansi zimadabwitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazamoyo ya anthu wamba, komanso akatswiri odziwa ntchito. Malinga ndi ichthyologists, 10% yokha ya moyo wam'madzi ndizomwe zimadziwika komanso zochulukirapo kapena zochepa zophunziridwa ndi asayansi amakono. Izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta zomwe ofufuza za malo otseguka m'madzi amakumana nazo: kuya kwakuya, kusowa kwa usana, kukakamizidwa ndi magulu amadzi, ndikuwopsezedwa ndi adani omwe amakhala pansi pa madzi. Komabe, nyama zina zam'madzi zaphunziridwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, beluga whale ndi chinyama chochokera ku chinsomba chokhala ndi zinsomba, za banja laling'ono la narwhal.
Mawonekedwe
Kuti mumvetsetse momwe chinsomba cha beluga chimawonekera, muyenera kulingalira dolphin wamkulu wokhala ndi mutu yaying'ono wopanda mulomo ("mphuno"). Chizindikiro cha nyamayo ndi kukhalapo kwa pamphumi yayikulu yakutsogolo pamutu pake, motero ma bombo a beluga nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "lobate". Mitsempha yawo yam'mimba siyikusinthidwa, kotero oimilira a cetaceans, mosiyana ndi achibale awo ambiri, amatha kutembenuza mitu yawo mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Belugas ali ndi zipsepse zazing'ono zowerengeka komanso mchira wamphamvu, koma palibe fasho la dorsal.
Nyama zazikulu (zopitilira zaka zitatu) zili ndi khungu loyera, komwe dzina lawo linachokera. Ana amabadwira abuluu kapena ngakhale abuluu wakuda, koma pakatha chaka khungu lawo limawala ndikuyamba kuperewera.
Beluga ndiwopusa modabwitsa: Amphongo amafika pamtunda wamtunda wa 5-6 ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 1.5-2, zazikazi ndizochepa.
Habitat
Anthu okhala m'madziwa asankha madzi am'nyanja ya Arctic - nyanja za Kara, Barents, Chukchi. Mu White Sea nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi Zilumba za Solovetsky. Nyama zazikulu kwambiri zam'madzi za beluga zimakhala pakati pa 50 ° mpaka 80 ° kumpoto. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific - Nyanja ya Okhotsk, Japan ndi Bering, ndipo amalowa Nyanja ya Baltic (beseni la Atlantic Ocean).
Belukha ndi nyama ya m'madzi, koma pofunafuna nyama nthawi zambiri imalowera mitsinje yayikulu yakumpoto - Amur, Ob, Lena, Yenisei, akusambira makilomita mazana ambiri kumtunda.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Maziko a chakudya cha beluga whales ndikuphunzira nsomba - capelin, hering'i, polod cod, cod, Pacific navaga. Amakonda kudya zam'madzi, zoyera, kapena nsomba, sakonda kusaka crustaceans ndi cephalopods.
Ziweto izi zimapita kukawedza m'magulu akulu. "Kuyankhula" wina ndi mnzake ndikuchita zinthu limodzi, amayendetsa nsomba m'madzi osaya, komwe kuli kosavuta kugwira.
Chinsomba choyera chimameza ndipo chimameza nyama yonseyo. Wachikulire amadya nsomba zosachepera 15 kg pa tsiku.
Makhalidwe, zizolowezi ndi kufunikira kwachuma
Whale kapena beluga dolphin? Izi zikufotokozedwa pansipa. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zizolowezi za anthu okhala m'madzi muno. Amakhala ndi malo okhala m'madzi ochepa - anthu 10-15, aliyense, ndipo amuna amasambira mosiyana ndi akazi ndi ana amuna. Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 10-12 km / h, koma pamwadzidzidzi kumatha kufulumira mpaka 25 km / h.
Monga dolphin yokhazikika, chinsomba cha beluga chimatha kulowa m'madzi akuya mpaka mamita 300, koma mphindi zisanu zilizonse chimatuluka ndikumeza mpweya wabwino. Ngati ndi kotheka, imatha kupitilizidwa ndimadzi kwa mphindi 15-20, koma osatinso. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake nthawi yozizira belugas imapewa madera oundana - madzi oundana ndi madzi oundana amawatsekereza kuti athe kupeza mpweya.
Adani achilengedwe a nyamazo ndi anamgumi opha ndi zimbalangondo. Ngati wopha nsomba amathamangitsa chinsomba cha pansi pa nyanja, ndiye kuti sadzapulumuka. Chimbalangondo cholowera chakumaloko chimalondolera "mapiko oyera" pachokwawa ndikuwakhwimitsa ndikatuluka, kenako ndikuchikoka m'madzi ndikuchidya.
Nyengo iliyonse yamtchire, nyamayi imayamwa mu tanthauzo lenileni la mawu, ndiye kuti, amataya khungu lakale lomwe, lomwe limapukusa misana yawo ndi mbali zake pa miyala ngati yopanda madzi.
Beluga ndi nyama yotuluka komanso yosangalala, imakonda kucheza ndi anthu, imakumana ndi chisangalalo ndipo imachita bwino pophunzitsidwa. Palibe vuto limodzi lokhala ndi chinsomba choyera pa munthu lomwe linajambulidwa. Chifukwa chake, zolengedwa izi zimakonda kusewera ma dolphinariums, kuthandiza osiyanasiyana, ma scout, oyenda panyanja yakuya.
Mwachilengedwe, ma cetaceanswa amakhala zaka 35 mpaka 40, ali mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 50.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Njira yakukhwima ndi kubereka ana ku belugas imapezeka m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'malo okhala ndi madzi otentha. Monga lamulo, awa ndi malo pafupi ndi pakamwa pa mitsinje. Ndili pano kuti pakati pa kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira ana obadwa kwa ma dolphin amabadwa. Mu nyama zoyamwitsa izi, ng'ombe imodzi imabadwa mamita 1.4-1.6 ndipo imalemera mpaka 70 kilogalamu. Njira yoyamwitsa imatha zaka 1.5. Ndipo zazikazi zimadzabereka mkati mwa sabata litabereka.
Beluga cub pafupi ndi amayi ake.
Pofuna kukopa chidwi cha akazi, amuna amapanga ndewu. Njira yoyembekezera imatenga miyezi 14. Kutha msambo mwa akazi kumachitika zaka 4-7, ndipo pofika zaka 20 amalephera kukhala ndi pakati. Kutha msambo mwa abambo kumachitika zaka 7-9. Kutalika kwa moyo wa ma belugas ndi zaka 35- 40, ndipo ukapolo, ma dolphin omwe ali ndi ma polar amakhalabe ndi zaka 45.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nyanja ya Beluga - imatanthawuza nyama yaikazi kuchokera ku banja la narwhal, gulu la anamgumi okhala ndi zikopa, koma nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha malo komwe imakhala, imawonedwa ngati dolphin. Pali mitundu itatu pa gawo la Russia - Far East, Kara ndi White Sea belugas.
Nyama ya zazikulu zazikulu mpaka 6 metres ndipo imalemera pafupifupi matani awiri. Zachikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono.
Mtundu umasintha pakapita zaka - mwa akhanda, mtundu wa thupi ndi wakuda, patapita chaka umayamba kukhazikika, umakhala ndi imvi kapena utoto wamtundu wakhungu, patatha zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu nyama itayamba kukhwima, kutulutsa kumayamba kuzimiririka ndikusowa, belugas imakhala yoyera kwathunthu (chifukwa chake ndikuwatcha iwo). Mtunduwu umasungidwa kwamuyaya.
Mutu umakhala wocheperako, koma pamphumi pakepo panaoneka. Anangumi ambiri sadziwa kutembenuza mitu yawo, chifukwa ma vertebrae ndi gawo limodzi - lophatikizana. Ndipo ma beluga whale amapatula ndi ma cartilage, kotero kuti chinsomba chimatha kutembenuza mutu wake ngati kuli kofunikira. Minofu ya nkhope ndiyotsogola kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe ake amapangidwa kuti kupukutira kofotokozerako kumverera kwina - chisangalalo, chisangalalo, kunyoza kapena kukwiya.
Zipsepse zamakutu sizakula kwambiri, zotupa. Beluga ilibe dorsal fin. Chifukwa pakati pa ayezi, izi zitha kukhala zopanda pake ndipo zimasokoneza.
Khungu limakhala lakuda kwambiri (mpaka masentimita awiri) komanso lolimba, pansi pake pamakhala chosanjikiza chamafuta, makulidwe ena nthawi zina amafika mpaka masentimita 15, amagwira ngati chofunda chamafuta.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Belugas amakonda kuphatikiza pamodzi, zoweta zawo zimakhala ndi magulu ambiri - abambo amalowa m'magulu ena, ndipo akazi ndi ana awo mwa ena. Chapakatikati, zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zimapita kumadera ozizira kumpoto, komwe zimakonda nyengo yotentha m'malo ocheperako. Mumadzi osaya nthawi imeneyi, nsomba zochuluka.
Zakudya za ma dolphin a polar zimakhala ndi capelin, polod cod, flounder, cod, ndi navaga. Belugas amakonda salmon, hering, shellfish ndi crustaceans. Ma dolphin samagwira nyama yawo, koma amayamwa pamodzi ndi madzi. Mu nthawi yopuma, beluga whales imayamba kusungunuka, nyama zimachotsa khungu lakufa, likugwedezeka pamiyala ndi miyala yaying'ono, chifukwa chomwe khungu lakale limatulutsa ndi ziphuphu zazikulu.
Beluga whale akudyetsa nsomba.
Ziphuphu za Beluga nthawi zonse zimakhala nthawi yachilimwe m'malo ena, ndiye kuti, nyengo yachisanu itatha, amabwerera kumadera komwe adabadwira; Pakazizira kwambiri, ma dolphin olowera amatha kuchoka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikusambira pafupi m'mphepete mwa madambo a ayezi. Ngati anamgumiwo alibe nsomba zokwanira kudyetsa, amasambira m'malo omwe akusunthira ayezi. M'malo awa phala la ayezi limapangidwa kuchokera kumadzi ndi ayezi. Ma dolphin amasonkhana pafupi ndi chitsamba chachikulu ndipo nthawi zina amapukusa mitu yawo kuti apume.
Nyama ya beluga yomwe ikusambira mu handhole imawombera madzi ndi mpweya.
Mabowo otere mu ayezi amatha kukhala pamtunda wamakilomita angapo kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ngati chowawa chaphimbidwa ndi madzi oundana, ndiye kuti ma dolphin olondera amabaya ndi matupi awo olimba. Mphepo yamphamvu yakumpoto, mafunde oundana amatha kulowa molumikizana, kutsekereza gulu lamlengalenga. Zoterezi zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri kwa beluga whale, chifukwa zimatha kuchititsa kuti gulu lonse la nthumwi mazana lizifa.
Adani
Belugas ili ndi adani awiri okha (nyanja ndi nthaka) - whale whale ndi chimbalangondo. Izi ndi nyama zolimba kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri.
Polar imaberekanso kukoma kwa beluga whales chifukwa cha kunenepa kwa thupi. M'nyengo yozizira, imabisalira pafupi ndi malo akulu a thaw, ndipo dolphin ikagwira nkhope yake kuti ipumitse mpweya, chimbalangondo chimagwira ndi mphamvu zake. Chimbalangondo chimachotsa munthu wodwala pamadzi ndikudya kumtunda.
Orcas amakonda nyama ya ma dolphin. Nyama ya Killer imagwedezeka mwachangu komanso mwankhanza m'madzi, ili pafupi kutuluka mumlengalenga, chifukwa chinsomba chimapha othamanga kwambiri.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kubalana komanso ana
Amuna amakhala okhwima pazaka 7, zazikazi kale - zaka 4. Nthawi yakukhwima imatha malinga ndi malo - kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka Juni. Nthawi zambiri, pazosangalatsa zamtendere, malo abata m'mphepete mwa nyanja amasankhidwa. Pamasewera akukhwima, anyani amenyera chisamaliro chachikazi, akukonzekera ndewu yamadzi m'madzi. Wamkazi amasankha wopambana kukhala mnzake, kenako ndikukhwima kumachitika.
Amayi oyembekezera amapanga timagulu tomwe timakhala nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala ndi pakati mpaka atabereka. Amabereka m'mbali mwa nyanja m'madzi ofunda. Nthawi zambiri kamwana kamodzi kamabadwa, ngakhale nthawi zina (koma kawirikawiri kwambiri) pali mapasa. Pambuyo pa miyezi 13 mpaka 14, dolphin yaying'ono imabadwa. Kubala mwana kumachitika ndi mchira kutsogolo. Kutalika kwake mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, nthawi yomweyo, atabadwa m'kuwala, mwanayo amatuluka ndikuyamba kupuma. Mayi amadyetsa mwana wake wamwamuna wamkulu (mpaka makilogalamu 80 pakubadwa) mkaka, ndipo amachita izi kwa nthawi yayitali - kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri.
Zizolowezi
Belugas ali ndi masomphenya abwino - amatha kuwona bwino pansi pa madzi komanso pamwamba pake, koma amakonda kuyendayenda pamzere wamadzi pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zoperekedwa mumtundu wa akupanga - amazindikira kuchokera pakubwera komweko kuti pali chopinga kapena sukulu ya kutsogolo. Koma kupatula izi, belugas imatha kupanga phokoso lalikuru mpaka makumi asanu: apa titha kukhala touluka kwa mbalame, kumayimba m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kukuwa, kugwedezeka, kumayimba mluzu, mawu ena okumbutsa mawu amtunduwu. Phokoso, monga nyama zambiri, limagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pakati pa gulu. Anaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi cholinga chomwecho.
Omuntu ne beluga whale
Chifukwa cha chizolowezi chozikika cha mikanda cha beluga kusamukira m'njira zofananazo, mahava anali osavuta kuwasaka alenje. Nyamazo adazipititsa kuzingwe zomwe adagundika nazo. Munjira yankhanza imodzimodzi, mazana angapo a anthu awa adawonongedwa. Kapena munagwiritsa ntchito njira zina - mwachitsanzo, kuti mulepheretse kuyenda kwa ma seines ndi maukonde. Anasaka chifukwa anamgumiwo anali otchuka ndi nyama yofewa, khungu lolimba lamphamvu, mafuta apamwamba kwambiri a chinsomba komanso otchedwa whalebone.
M'masiku amakono, kusaka ndikuloledwa, nyama imalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Kusiyana kwa maruwa a beluga kuchokera ku anamgumi ena
- Ziphuphu za Beluga zitha kusinthidwa ndikuphunzitsidwa. Izi ndi zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito popanga ma dolphinariums, momwe ma dolphin amakhala m'malo oyandikira zachilengedwe. Iwo mothandizidwa ndi ophunzitsa amaphunzira misampha yosiyanasiyana ndikupanga magwiridwe antchito. Amaphunzitsidwanso kuwombera pansi pamadzi, zomwe zimathandiza pakuwunika kwa Arctic.
- Belugas sikuti ndi osaka abwino okha, komanso osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Pansi pa madzi pokha, ma nangumi sangathe kuthera nthawi yayitali - osaposa mphindi 10-15. Afunika kutuluka mphindi zochepa kuti agwirizane ndi gawo lina la mpweya.
- Pofuna kupitiliza kugwira ntchito bwino, ma belugas akuluakulu ayenera kudya zakudya zosachepera ma kilogalamu 15 patsiku.
Nthawi zambiri, anamgumi awa, chifukwa chokhoza kuyimba ndi kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana, amatchedwa "canaries a nyanja." Pachifukwa chomwechi, mawu oti "kubera beluga" adapita.
Tale ndi Maonekedwe
Nyanja ya Beluga - imatanthawuza chopusa kuchokera ku banja la narwhal, gulu la anamgumi okhala ndi minyewa, koma nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala, imawoneka ngati dolphin. Pali mitundu itatu pa gawo la Russia - Far East, Kara ndi White Sea belugas.
Chilombo cha kukula kwakukulu mpaka mamita 6, ndipo mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi matani awiri. Zachikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono.
Mtundu umasintha pakapita zaka - mwa nyama zangobadwa kumene mtundu wamtambo ndi wakuda, pakatha chaka umayamba kukhazikika, umalandira valera yaimvi kapena yamtambo, patatha zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu nyama itayamba kukhazikika, kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumazimiririka ndikusowa, belugas imakhala yoyera kwathunthu (chifukwa ine ndikuwatcha iwo). Mtunduwu umasungidwa kwamuyaya.
Mutu umakhala wocheperako, koma pamphumi pakepo panaoneka. Anangumi ambiri sadziwa kutembenuza mitu yawo, chifukwa ma vertebrae ndi gawo limodzi - lophatikizika pakati pa nkhope. Ndipo ma beluga whale amapatula ndi ma cartilage, kotero kuti chinsomba chimatha kutembenuza mutu wake ngati kuli kofunikira. Minofu ya nkhope ndiyotsogola kwambiri ndipo chilinganizo chake chimapangidwa nthawi zonse kuti muzyle ikuwonetsa chilichonse pamenepa - chisangalalo, chisangalalo, kunyoza kapena kuipidwa.
Zipsepse zamtchire ndizochepa-: osaphunzira ndizambiri, zowonda. Beluga ilibe dorsal fin. Chifukwa pakati pa ayezi gawo ili litha (pre) kukhala lopanda tanthauzo ndipo limasokoneza.
Khungu limakhala lakuda kwambiri (lisanachitike 2 sentimita) komanso lolimba, pansi pake pamakhala mafuta, nthawi zina makulidwe amafikira masentimita 15, ndi mwana) kwa nyama yokhala ndi kutentha kwamtambo.
Habitat, chikhalidwe
Nyanja ya Beluga imakhala m'madzi a Nyanja ya Arctic ndipo madzi aku Far North, amakhala kugombe la North America, mapewa, gombe la Greenland. Mitunduyi ndiyofala ku Bering, Okhotsk, ndi White Seas; paulendo waufupi, kuchuluka kwa nsomba kumalowa ku Baltic. Panthawi yakutaya, nthawi ndi nthawi imafika m'mitsinje ya Lena, Yenisei ndi Ob, amasambira m'makilomita angapo, koma nthawi zonse amabwerera ku zokongoletsa zam'nyanja - pali nsomba zambiri ndi chakudya kumeneko. Sangalalani ndi chidziwitso chakuti anthu angapo a nyama iyi amakhala mumtsinje wa St. Lawrence.
Zandekha ndi Beluga Whale
Chifukwa cha chizolowezi chopezeka cha mikanda ya beluga kusamukira m'njira zofananazo, malengedwe asanakhale osaka nyama yosaka nyama za chinsomba. Nyamazo anaziwongolera osaya, zomwe zidagundika. Mofanananso mwankhanza, mazana ochepa chabe a anthu awa adawonongedwa. Kapenanso adagwiritsa ntchito njira zina - monga, adaletsa mayendedwewo ndi maukonde. Anasaka chifukwa, ngati anangumi anali otchuka ndi nyama yofewa, khungu lolimba lamphamvu, mafuta apamwamba a chinsomba komanso otchedwa whalebone.
M'masiku amakono, kusaka nkoletsedwa, chilombo chimalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Zojambula ndi malo okhala beluga whale
Beluga whale (wa ku Latin Delphinapterus leucas) ndi nyama zazikulu, banja la narwhals, subspecies ndi matupi oyenda. Imawoneka ngati dolphin chifukwa malo okhalamo - nyanja za North Ocean ndi malo osungirako nyama okhala.
Kugawikaku ndi circumpolar (50-80 madigiri kumpoto kwa mtunda). Beluga whale amakhala munyanja zotere: Bering, White, Okhotsk, nthawi zina imalowa mu Nyanja ya Baltic. Madzi osefukira amatha kufikira mitsinje: Ob, Yenisei, Lena. Malinga ndi kunena kwina, pali anthu ena omwe amapezeka mumtsinje wa St.
Ili ndi zazikulu zazikulu: yamphongo imafika kutalika kwa mita 6, yaikazi - mpaka ma 5 metres. Kulemera kwa thupi kumachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2 tani. Chochititsa chidwi ndi beluga dolphin ndi mutu wake, womwe suusokoneza ndi wina aliyense.
Amathanso kutembenuza mutu wake, womwe sufanana ndi anamgumi. Fryical pervical vertebrae amathandizira pa izi. Zipsepse pachifuwa ndizopanda, zazing'ono kukula. Mu beluga whales, mosiyana ndi ma dolphin, palibe ndalama kumbuyo, chifukwa chake amatchedwanso "dolphin lopanda mapiko".
Mtundu dolphin whale zimasiyana ndipo zimatengera zaka mazana angapo zakupezeka. Ana obadwa okha ali ndi buluu wamdima komanso wamtambo wakuda. Anthu omwe afika pachaka atembenuka, pezani imvi kapena kuwala. Nthawi zina mtundu umasandulika kukhala mtundu wa buluu wofatsa. Oimira anthu azaka za pakati pa 3-5 ndi khungu loyera.
Beluga whale whale ndi moyo wawo
Belugas amakonda kunyamula m'matumba. Maguluwa amakhala ngati awa: wamkazi wokhala ndi ana amuna kapena amuna angapo. Moyo uli ndi kusintha kwadongosolo kwakanthawi.
M'nyengo yozizira, amayesa kukhala m'mphepete mwa madzi achisanu. Nthawi zambiri ndimadyetsa nthawi yozizira beluga whale mangani ayezi wokulirapo ndipo ambiri amathera zomvetsa chisoni. Nthawi zambiri, magulu amasamukira kumwera, pomwe chivundikiro chili ndi m'mphepete mwa icing.
Chapakatikati, masukulu amapita pang'onopang'ono m'madzi osaya, kupendekera, mitsuko, ndi malaya. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosungunuka pachaka. Amasenda masamba okumbikawo chifukwa chomangana ndi miyala kapena miyala yolimba.
Kusamukira kumachitika nthawi zonse m'njira imodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti beluga dolphin amakumbukira komwe adabadwira ndipo amayesetsa kuti abwerere kumeneko chaka chilichonse. Beluga akhoza kuonedwa ngati wokhazikika pa gulu. Chifukwa akhazikitsa kulumikizana mwachangu: mothandizidwa ndi mawu, thupi ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope.
Asayansi awerengetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokwana 50 yomwe nyamayi imapanga. Oyendetsa amayimba foni whale beluga "Canary yotseguka malo." Mtundu wa nyama ndi wabwino, izi zikufotokozera kufanana kwake ndi dolphin. Zimabwereka bwino pakuphunzitsidwa, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona zisangalalo zozungulira zamasewera omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Milandu yopulumutsa anthu imadziwika. polar dolphin.
Zithunzi za mawonekedwe a beluga whale
Belugas ndi nyama zazikulu: kutalika kwa thupi lawo ndi mamita 3-5, kulemera kwake ndi 500-1500 kg. Amuna ndi zazitali pafupifupi 25% kuposa zazikazi komanso pafupifupi unyinji wawo.
Anangobadwa kumene amakhala otuwa, kenako pang'onopang'ono amawala, kenako imayamba imvi pofika chaka chimodzi. Akuluakulu ndi oyera kapena achikaso pang'ono.
Chizindikiro cha belugas ndi khosi lam'manja, chifukwa chomwe iwo, mosiyana ndi cetaceans ambiri, amatha kutembenuza mitu yawo kuchokera kumbali kupita kumbali.
China ndi kusowa kwa dorsal fin. M'malo mwake, pa belugas, crest imathamangira kumbuyo (kuchokera pakati pa thupi mpaka mchira).
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti marangu a beluga amatha kusintha mawu kuti "nkhope". Nyangayo ikakhala bata, zimawoneka ngati ikumwetulira. Koma chiwonetsero cha khomo lotseguka ndi mano 32-40 ndizopatsa chidwi.
Mano awo amadulidwa mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo, ndipo ndizotheka kuti ntchito yawo yayikulu sikukutafuna chakudya. Ma Belugas nthawi zambiri amawombera nsagwada zawo, ndipo mano amatha kutulutsa mawu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda kuwonetsa "kumwetulira" kwawo kwa abale.
Akuluakulu amakhala ndi chivwende chotchedwa mafuta (pilo yozungulira yamafuta pamphumi), koma imayamba pang'onopang'ono, pomwe ana akhanda sakhalapo. Mu ana a chaka chimodzi, vwende ndi lalikulu kwambiri, koma limalekanitsidwa pang'ono ndi mpweya. Pangofika zaka 5-8 zokha (ndi panthawiyi yomwe unamwali umayamba), pomwe pilo yamafuta imakhala mwanjira yake.
Mvuto umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikika kumawu akamveka. Kutha kuchita izi ndikofunikira pakulowera ndikupeza nyama m'madzi ovuta kapena mumdima.
Zachilengedwe zinawonetsetsa kuti chinsomba cha beluga sichizizira m'madzi ozizira, ndikuwapatsa mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo ili ndi laling'ono kwambiri kotero kuti mutu umawoneka wochepa kwambiri kuti ukhale ngati thupi.
Habitat
M'masiku otsogola, ma belugas ankakhala m'madzi otentha. Masiku ano, amakhala m'mazungu ozizira a Arctic okha kumpoto kwa Russia ndi North America, komanso ku Greenland ndi Svalbard. Zimapezeka m'madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja komanso munyanja, komanso nthawi yachilimwe komanso m'mitsinje.
Nyanja ya Beaufort, nthawi yakusamukira chakum'mawa, ma belugas amayima pafupifupi sabata lathunthu mumtsinje waukulu wa Mackenzie Delta, ndikupitiliza ulendo wawo. M'malo ena, monga Svalbard, anamgumi amapezeka kumapazi a madzi oundana.
Zing'onoting'ono zosangalatsa kwambiri
Makina oyimba ndi imodzi mwaminyama yodziwika bwino kwambiri pakati pa ma cetaceans. Siziwoneka kawirikawiri. Masamba a ma belugas mazana ndi masauzande amakhala ofala ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala amtunda wamakilomita ambiri. Zikuwoneka kuti magulu oterewa amakhala ngati onse, komabe, ngati mungayang'ane kuchokera kumtunda, mutha kuwona kuti mumakhala magulu ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza anthu amisinkhu yofanana kapena amuna ndi akazi. Akazi okhala ndi ana amatenga pamodzi, amuna akulu akulu amatinso magulu osiyanasiyana.
Belugas amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito zomveka komanso mawonekedwe a nkhope. Amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulira, kupindika, kuyimba likhweru, kugwedezeka, etc. Pansi pa madzi, phokoso la gulu la chinsomba limafanana ndi phokoso lakumunda. Zizindikiro zina zopangidwa ndi iwo zimatha kumveka pamwamba pamadzi.
Kusuntha pakamwa ndi khosi kumapangitsa belugas kuti izitha kulumikizana komanso mothandizidwa ndi nkhope.
Kodi belugas amadya chiyani?
Zakudya za belha whales ndizosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yonse ya nsomba zophunzitsira, zopota, ma mphutsi osiyanasiyana, ma shrimp, crustaceans ndi molluscs zimagwira ngati chakudya.
Mbawala zoyimbira nthawi zambiri zimasaka pafupi ndi pansi pakuya kwa mita 500. Amatha kulowa pansi mpaka mamita oposa 1000, amatha ochepa nthawi yopuma, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala mphindi 10-20.
Khosi losunthika limalola ma cetaceans kuti azitha kuwona bwino komanso mochititsa chidwi malo akuluakulu pansi. Onse amatha kuyamwa m'madzi ndikuwamasula ndi mtsinje kuti apeze wobisala pobisalira.
Kusamalira belugas m'chilengedwe
Belugas amabwerera kumalo awo okhala chilimwe m'njira zomwezo, ngakhale atasakidwa kumeneko. Kulimbikira kumeneku kwapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Amakhala osamala posankha njira zomwe asamukira komanso malo osungira komwe sakhala malo omwe anthu sanawachotseko. Malo amodzi oterewa ndi Ungawa Bay m'dera la Labrador. M'mbuyomu ma belugas anali ambiri kuno, koma masiku ano sapezeka.
M'zaka za m'ma 1300 mpaka 1900, amlenje aku America ndi ku Europe adayendetsa mazana a ma belugas kupita kumtunda. Anthu akwawo nawonso ankawasaka, koma m'mbuyomu ankasaka nyama zochepa popanda kuvulaza anthu. Zida za asodzi amakono a Eskimo zimaphatikizapo mfuti zoyambira mothamanga, mfuti za harpoon ndi ma boti amoto, kotero kusaka koteroko kungachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa cetacean.
Pakadali pano, chiwerengero cha zinsomba za beluga padziko lonse lapansi chikuyembekezeka pafupifupi 100,000, ndipo chokwanira chodziwika pachaka chimachokera kumazana mpaka anthu masauzande angapo. Koma nkhawa yayikulu ndikuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi chinsomba cha beluga whale chifukwa chakutukula kwa minda yamafuta komanso kapangidwe ka ma hydropower, ngakhale kutentha kwanyengo kungakhale vuto mtsogolo.
Udindo wa anthu
Nyanja ya Beluga ndi nyama yomwe imatetezedwa. Kuchuluka kwa "zinsomba zoyera" kunachepetsedwa kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 18-19, pomwe adakhala nyama yolakalidwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi chifukwa cha mafuta apamwamba, nyama yokoma yanthete komanso khungu lakuthwa. Pambuyo pake, kugwidwa kwa anamgumi a beluga kunayamba kuwongoleredwa, ndipo pakali pano kuchuluka kwa nyama izi, malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyerekeza, anthu 200,000. Chifukwa chake, palibe chowopsa chilichonse chakutha kwa ma belugas, ngakhale amavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri kwa anthu ku Arctic ndikuwawononga kwa madzi a mu Arctic Ocean.
Zosangalatsa
Mbawala za ku Beluga zapanga minofu ya muzzle, motero zimatha kusintha mawu oti "nkhope", kutanthauza kuwonetsa chisoni, kukwiya, chisangalalo kapena kusweka mtima. Mphamvu yodabwitsa ngati imeneyi siyachilengedwe kwa anthu onse okhala pansi pamadzi.
Beluga whales amasambira kumtunda wakumpoto, mphamvu yawo yachilengedwe yamagetsi imatsimikiziridwa ndi khungu lolimba mpaka masentimita awiri ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamafuta mpaka masentimita 15. Izi zimateteza nyama ku hypothermia.
Ma Belugas amatchedwa "canal canaries" kapena "whale akuimba" chifukwa amatulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana 50, komanso mabatani akupanga, omwe amalumikizana. Zinachokera pa kuthekera kwa "mathonje oyera" kupanga mawu akulu ndipo mawu achi Russia akuti "beluga" adayamba.
Beluga whale kapena dolphin?
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse zokhudza wokhala m'madziyu. Koma funso limatsalabe ngati beluga whale ndi chinsomba kapena dolphin. Anthu amalitcha dolarin yoyera kapena yoyera. Dzinali lidabuka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi malo a nyamayo. Koma mwachilengedwe, beluga ndi la nkhokwe, ndipo dolphin amatchedwa m'bale wake. Njira zachikhalidwe za makolo awo zidasinthidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Chifukwa chake, ndikulondola kwambiri kunena kuti beluga whale ndi chinsomba, osati dolphin.