Mwambo wosaiwalika wa Soviet wa pepala lotayidwa ubwezeretsedwanso: masiku ano palinso kufunikira kwa pepalanso. Mpaka pano, mfundo yoti makampani apakatikati ndi processor adagula matani alepheretsa ambiri kusonkhanitsa mapepala padera. Koma, monga zidakhalira, vutoli lilinso ndi yankho, ngati mungagwirizane ndi ena. +1 imatiuza mwayi womwe gawo lophweka limapereka. Nazi zifukwa zisanu zomwe simukufuna kutumiza zikalata zosafunikira ku zinyalala.
Chithunzi: fool.com.au
1. Njira yothetsera vuto la zinyalala
Nthawi ndi nthawi ofesi iliyonse imakumana ndi kufunika kofutukula makabati komanso zojambula zamawu. Makalendala a chaka chatha, zosindikizidwa zosafunikira, manyuzipepala akale ndi timapepala, zolemba zolembedwa ndi zolemba zowerengeka zimapeza malo ndikupatsa mawonekedwe a malo ooneka bwino. Kusunga mapepala nthawi zonse kumatsimikizira kutaya zinyalala kwapepala kwakanthawi, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala muofesi kwa zaka.
Chithunzi: imagenesmy.com
Phindu kuchokera ku pepala lotayidwa
Pepala ndi zinthu zomwe zimasinthidwa mosavuta ndipo sizitaya katundu wake pambuyo pake. Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala zamapepala kumachitika ndi mabizinesi apadera omwe mutha kusaina nawo mgwirizano umodzi kapena mgwirizano wokhazikika.
Mapepala akunyumba amatha kuperekedwa pafupifupi mumzinda uliwonse mu Russian Federation. Kuchita kosavuta kumeneku kumapereka mwayi kwa mabungwe alamulo kuti apezere mwayi pazabwino zambiri:
- tumizani ndalama zowonjezera. Pepala lotayidwa limalipira chindapusa ndipo limakupatsani mwayi wopanga ndalama pazinyalala zomwe sizikufunikanso,
- tsegulani malo mu ofesi. Kuchotsa zinyalala kumapereka mpata mu chipindacho ndikuloleza kuti ugwiritse ntchito moyenera, ndipo izi zichitidwa mwachangu,
- sinthani mbiri ndi chithunzi cha kampani. Kubwezeretsanso zinyalala zamapepala ndizofanana posamalira chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe. Kutenga nawo mbali mumapulogalamu oterewa kumanena kuti bungweli ndi lamakono, ndikuganiza zamawa. Mbiri ya eco-ochezeka imagwira ntchito popititsa patsogolo bizinesi.
Kodi pepala lotayika ndikuti limachokera kuti?
Ndizovuta kulingalira za moyo wathu wopanda mapepala. Tsiku lililonse timagula juwisi ndi mkaka m'makatoni ndi mazira m'makatoni. Timagwiritsa ntchito zopukutira, zikwama zamapepala, ndimamwa khofi pamakapu apepala. Kugula TV, piritsi, multicooker - tidzapeza athu makatoni.
Zomwe zimachitika m'moyo zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito pepala basi. Palibe chovuta kunena, m'malo omwe mapepala amtundu wa tsiku ndi tsiku amayeza kapena makumi makilogalamu:
- Maofesi ndi maofesi
- makampani osindikiza,
- nyumba zosungiramo zinthu
- masitolo ogulitsa,
- masukulu, masukulu, malo ophunzitsira.
Mwakuponya zinyalala zamapepala ndikutaya, timathandizira kudula mitengo ndikupitiliza kuipitsa chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wamalonda kuchokera papepala lonyansa ndiwotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa panjirayi.
Zikuwoneka kuti yankho lake ndi losavuta - kupanga chilichonse kuchokera papepala lonyansa Pomwepo mumapha mbalame ziwiri mwala umodzi: kusunga chilengedwe ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa zinthu zomalizidwa. Koma pochita, chilichonse sichinthu chophweka komanso chosasangalatsa.
Kodi zinthu zikuchitika bwanji ku Russia?
Kubwezeretsanso mapepala sikulibwino ku Russia. Ndikutanthauza, osati zoyipa ngati kale, koma osati bwino ngati ku Europe.
Poyerekeza, ku Europe kwatha 60% pepala lotayirira limabwezerezedwanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito. AT A ku Russia Chiwerengerochi sichimafika 18%.
Monga mukuwonera, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mapepala zinyalala ikupitilira kuvunda pamafayiloNgakhale "chilengedwe" chikuyenda bwino, chomwe chikuchulukirachulukira m'zaka zaposachedwa. Komabe pachaka Kupitilira mahekitala 1,200,000 a nkhalango kudulidwa.
Zomwe zachitika kale:
- Adalowa mu 2015 lamulo loletsa kutumizidwa kwa pepala lochotsa zinyalala ku Russian Federation. Izi zidapangitsa kuti aletse zachinyengo zija ndi zinyalala zamapepala, zomwe abizinesi osachita zachinyengo amachita. Lingaliro lomwelo la boma linalola sinthani zonyansa zamakalata ku Russia, chifukwa chomwe mabizinesi opanga mapepala adayamba kugwira ntchito mopindulitsa.
- Inathetsedwa VAT pakugulitsa mapepala zinyalala. Izi zapangitsa eni mabizinesi kuti akhale ofunitsitsa kwambiri. pereka pepala lawo kukonza zinyalala, naperekanso chimbikitso pakukula ntchito zamapepala zonyansa.
- Kugawa zodetsa mosasiyanitsa zakatuluku, kuphatikiza zapadera zinyalala zampepala, idalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kuti abweretse mapepala awo potaya. Zimathandizanso kuthetsa kuchepa kwa zopangira.
Zomwe ziyenera kuchitika:
- Kuvomera bilu yobweza Pakutulutsa zinyalala. Sikuti nzika iliyonse imavomereza kupereka pepala ndi makatoni ndalama zawo kwaulere, kungofuna kupulumutsa mitengo. Kwa ambiri, mbali yakumapeto kwa nkhaniyi ndiyofunikanso. Kuti pezani ndalama zolemba zonyansa, munthu ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ali nacho chake zaka zoposa zitatu (zomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosatheka), zitachitika kulipira ndalama msonkho kuchokera, kuyika pang'ono, odzichepetsa amapita. Pazinthu ngati izi, anthu alibe chidwi chofuna kutaya mapepala kuti akatengeko malo, ndikupitiliza kuutenga komwe kuli pafupi.
- Kukwaniritsa zosiyanitsidwa zonse zosayikirika zinyalala. Kukhalapo kwa muli m'mipanda yama mseu wapakati m'mizinda yayikulu sikuloleza kutolera gawo laling'ono la zinyalala zamapepala zopangidwa ndi anthu. Anthu okhala kumadera akutali, komanso matauni ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi, akupitiliza kuponyera mapepala m'malo otayira zinyalala. Tiyenera kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti apadera pepala lonyansa idakhala yofunikira kwambiri pabwalo lililonse m'mizinda yonse ya Russia.
- Kupititsa patsogolo chilengedwe: kupulumutsa mitengo, kupulumutsa zinthu, kusamalira zachilengedwe, ndi zina, makamaka m'mabungwe ophunzira. Kubwezeretsa malingaliro okhala okhala kudziko lawo.
Pepala lomwe limaponyedwa pamtunda limakhala osakwanira pokonza zina. Nyamula ndi pereka kulandira malo zoletsedwa pa zifukwa zaukhondo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti pepala lochotsa zinyalala, popitilira zinyalala, pitani kukakonza mbewu.
Mitundu ndi magulu, mitundu malinga ndi GOST
Malinga ndi GOST, pepala lotayilako lili magulu atatu akuluakulu - A, B ndi C.
Kwambiri abwino komanso ofunika pepala lotayirira. Kalasiyi ikuphatikiza:
- pepala loyera kapena zinyalala kuchokera pakupanga kwake,
- pepala loyera ndi wolamulira,
- pepala losavomerezeka la sulphate,
- zikwama zamapepala (popanda kuphatikiza, zophatikiza ndi kuphatikiza).
Gawo lomweli limaphatikizapo zinyalala pakupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mapepala apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo izi ndi pepala: ma CD,
mitundu ina yofanana.
izo pepala lochotsa mtengo kwambiri. Mutha kupeza pa kilogalamu ya pepala pamalo osonkhanitsa 10 ndi ma ruble ena. Ngati mutenga zambiri, ndiye zochulukirapo.
Pepala lazinyalala mtundu wapakatikati. Icho:
- makatoni otsika,
- makatoni okhala ndi zinthu zina (zamalonda, zopopera), zinyalala zopangira zinthu izi,
- makatoni okhala ndi kapena popanda kusindikiza (kupatula nsapato, kutchingira magetsi ndi padenga),
- mabuku, magazini, zolembalemba ndi zinthu zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito papepala zosindikizidwa pamapepala oyera (opanda mizu ndi chomangiriza),
- mapepala osungira zakale ndi zikalata, zosindikizidwanso papepala loyera.
Mapepala amtundu uwu ndiomwe ali wamba. Chiwerengero chimatengedwa 2 mpaka 8 ma ruble pa kilogalamu imodzi kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa zopangira.
Kuti gulu Lokha, lokha wonenepa kwambiri, zikuphatikizani ndi zinthu zonse za pepala zosatchulidwa kwina.
Icho:
- makatoni osavomerezeka, chinyezi,
- malonda a nyuzipepala okhala ndi zakuda ndi zoyera ndi mitundu
- zinyalala zopanga manyuzipepala,
- zikwama zamanja ndi manja,
- mapepala apepala,
- makatoni ovomerezeka,
- makatoni achikuda ndi pepala.
Pa pepala losafunikira lotere lomwe mutha kuthandizapo zosakwana ruble pa kilogalamu. Nthawi zina, mtengo ufika 2 ma ruble.
Gulu lirilonse la mapepala akunyalala agawidwa magulu ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yazinthu. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna gulu la tsatanetsatane, ulalo wa GOST ndiwothandiza.
Momwe mungasungire pepala lotayika
Mapepala achizolowezi wamba amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
Gulu B - zinyalala zamitundu yonse. Izi ndi monga: makatoni okhala ndi zida zake, makatoni okhala ndi chosindikizira, kupatula kutchingira zamagetsi, padenga ndi nsapato, komanso mabuku, magazini, timabuku, timabuku, timabuku, zolembera, zolemba, zolemba, zolembera popanda zolemba ndi zinthu zina papepala loyera.
Gulu B - zinyalala zapamwamba kwambiri. Awa ndi manyuzipepala, zikwama zamapepala, zosefera, mapepala osalemba, mapepala ogulidwa, mawonekedwe owonetsa chinyezi ndi makatoni omamatira ndi mapepala, makatoni akuda, a bulauni komanso achikuda omwe ali ndi kudzaza kwakukulu.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana olandila akhoza kukhala ndi malamulo ndi malingaliro awo, koma nthawi zonse padzakhala ena wamba.
Zinyalala pobwezeretsanso zinthu:
- Pepala ndi makatoni ziyenera kukhala zowuma,
- Zinyalala ziyenera kusanjidwa (manyuzipepala, magazini, makatoni, makatoni okhala ndi zina zambiri, ndi zina),
- Mabuku amalandiridwa popanda zokutira,
- Zolemba ndi zopangidwa kale zimavomerezedwa popanda zolemba, mapepala, mafayilo, zilembo.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati malo osonkhanitsira ndikusintha mitengo kuvomera zinyalala pamakampani ambiri (kuchuluka kwakukulu kokha)
Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kusankhidwa potengera momwe zinthu ziliri komanso zolinga zawo, zomwe aliyense amadzipangira yekha. Mwachitsanzo, cholinga chanu chapamwamba - osati gramu pamoto, zonse pokonzekera. Nyumba yanu ndiyochepa, oyandikana nawo samalumikizana, simungapeze othandizira patali. Kenako sonkhanitsani voliyumu yayikulu ndi kuipereka m'mavoliyumu omwe akuwonetsa.
Ngati ntchito yanu ndiyosavuta, mukungofuna kuti nyumbayo ikhale yoyera, sonkhanitsani makatoni ndi manyuzipepala mosiyana, muzikoka ndi twine ndikuziyika pansi pa chinsalu chotayira zinyalala, kuti mvula kapena chipale chofewa chisagwere pamtanda.
Woyang'anira ndege kapena wotolera amatenga, mwinanso zikomo mtima, ndikupita nawe kumalo olandirira. Koma njirayi ili ndi chiwopsezo kuti wina angaganize kuti "mphatso yanu" siyotayidwa ndikuyitaya ku zinyalala, izi ndi zowona kuti muyenera kusankha mukasankha chisankho.
Njira yabwino ikakhala msonkhano wa anthu okhala mnyumba mwanu, pomwe aliyense angaganize zopanga zinyalala, kuphatikizapo makatoni, omwe angagulitsidwe makamaka m'malo mwa kampani yoyang'anira (HOA, Nyumba ndi Utility Commission), ndipo ndalama zake zipita ku kukonza nyumba.
Momwe mungalimbikitsire oyandikana nawo kuti atenge zinyalala
Muyenera kuyamba ndi ana. Koma musawaikire mapulani operekera mapepala zinyalala. Kutsatsa pamfundo ya "aliyense angathe" kuchitika kamodzi pamwezi, ndipo kuti ana akhale ndi chidwi, kalasi yopambana gawo loyamba la chaka imatha kulandira mphoto paulendo wapa zisudzo, zoo, Museum, chiwonetsero chamakono kapena kwina kulikonse.
Sikokwanira kungolemba pepala lochotsa zinyalala. Ndikofunikira kufotokozera pepala lomwe linapangidwa, kuchuluka kwa mitengo yomwe idadulidwa, kuwonongeka kwakomwe kunayambitsidwa ndi chilengedwe chifukwa cha mitengo yamatabwa, zamkati ndi mapepala, mankhwala ammakanidwe ndi momwe kuchepetsera mitengo kumakhudzira kuchuluka ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa anthu.
Koma kwa akuluakulu, zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Gawo la vutoli limathetsedwa ndikulinganiza zopereka zapadera, koma ngati anthu okhala mnyumba sangagwirizane pankhaniyi, zowonjezera za anthu ena m'boma ziyenera.
2. Kutembenuza zinyalala kukhala katundu
Ngati pali pepala lochotsa zinyalala muofesi, kuchokera ku toni kapena kuposerapo, lingagulitsidwe ku kampani yomwe imagulitsa kugula zinthu zobwezerezedwanso. Chifukwa chake, zinyalala, zomwe zikanayenera kulipiridwanso, zitha kulipirira mayendedwe ake.
Inde, sikuti bungwe lililonse limakwanitsa kudziunjikira mapepala owononga. Koma yankho lilinso pankhaniyi. Kampaniyo imatha kupanga pulogalamu yothandizana nayo, imagwirizana ndi ena kuti atolere ntchito yochotsa, kuchotsa ndi kugulitsa mapepala zinyalala. Kapena Lowani pulogalamu yomwe ilipo, monga Pepala logwira ntchito ku Moscow. Kampaniyo "OptiCom" ikugwira ntchito yoika ziwiya ndi kuchotsera mapepala posinthanitsa ndi zinthu zake - maphukusi, zothandizira
3. Kumanga Magulu
Kuphatikiza ogwira nawo ntchito pakuphatikiza mapepala otayidwa amathanso kuthetsa vuto wamba ngati munthu akufuna kuchita china chake kuti ateteze chilengedwe, koma alibe chidziwitso, nthawi ndi zothandizira pantchito yogwira komanso yodziyimira payokha. Kutenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano yokhazikika kumapangitsa kuti gulu likhale ndi udindo komanso kulondola m'gululo, kumabweretsa chisangalalo kuchokera ku bizinesi yofunikira yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndi kuphatikiza anthu.
Kulimbikitsa ogwira nawo ntchito kuti abweretse pepala lawo, kampaniyo sikuti imangowauza za chilengedwe, komanso imatha kufikira kuchuluka kwa mapepala okhala ndi matani abwino kwambiri.
Kodi ndingatenge bwanji, kusungitsa ndi kupereka pepala lotayirira ndalama?
Nthawi zambiri ndimatembenuza pepala lonyansa ndikupanga ndalama pamenepo.
Pepala lotayirira ndi pepala lochotsa zinyalala lomwe limatha kubwezerezedwanso pambuyo pokonzanso. Pepala lotayirira limagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira chimbudzi ndi kukulunga pepala, magawo a mazira, ndi kunyamula makatoni. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zinthu zounikira. Mabungwe oyang'anira zinyalala amagula pepala lonyansa kuti lizikonzanso kapena kuti ligulitse ngati zopangira zobwezeretsanso.
Kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka ndidapereka zikalata 455 za zinyalala ndipo ndidalandira 1625 R pa ichi. Sizokhudza ndalama: ndikofunikira kwa ine kuti ndizitha kupatsa zinthu moyo wachiwiri, osati kungopita nazo kuzinyalala.
M'nkhaniyi ndikukuuzani momwe mungasungire, tenga pepala zonyansa komanso ndalama zomwe mungapeze pa izi.
P "wide =" 1000 "urefu =" 667 "kalasi =" "kalembedwe =" max-wide: 1000px, kutalika: auto "> Ndimatenga pepala lokwanira makilogalamu 50 kupita kumalo osungira. Pansipa pali ma CD olembetsa olemera kuchokera ku mipando ya muofesi ndi makompyuta, pamwamba -mabokosi okhala ndi mabuku ndi matumba a pepala.Kwa chilichonse ndidapeza 150 R
Pepala lotayidwa m'mabungwe
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, magawo awiri mwa atatu a zinyalala zonse zamapepala zimapangidwa ndi mabungwe azovomerezeka (boma, maboma ndi mabungwe azinsinsi). Pepala lalikulu lonyalala likugwera:
- makampani akulu oyang'anira zikalata
- mabungwe ophunzitsira komwe zolembedwa zopumira pantchito, zolemba, magazini, mapulani ndi zolemba zofananazo zimasungidwa
- nyumba zosungiramo zinthu, mafakitale ndi malo ogulitsira omwe akugwira ntchito molimbika ndi ma CD okhala ndi mapepala kapena makatoni.
Nthawi yomweyo, zinyalala zamapepala zomwe zimapangidwa m'mabizinesi okha zimagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo. Ili ndi pepala loyera kwambiri, zikwama zamapepala ndi ma trimmings (mtundu A), makatoni, mabuku osiyanasiyana, zolembalemba ndi zolemba (mtundu B), manyuzipepala, mapepala olembedwa, makatoni ndi pepala la bulauni ndi zakuda (mtundu B).
Mtengo wa mapepala zinyalala umatengera mtundu wa pepala, ndiye mtundu wake. Pepala loyera lalitali limakwezedwa kwambiri kuposa manyuzipepala akale kapena maupangiri ophunzirira omwe ali ndi masamba osayera.
Poti mutengere pepala lotayika
Malangizo M'mizinda yambiri yayikulu mumakhala mabizinesi omwe amalandila zobwezerezedwanso. Nthawi zambiri oitanidwa ku malo olandirira - antchito amayesa pepala lochotsa ndi kulipira kilogalamu iliyonse.
Malingaliro onse olandiridwa alembedwa pamapu a Greenpeace. Pamenepo mutha kusankha mudzi ndi mtundu wa zinyalala. Pamalo amodzi titha kutenga mitundu ingapo ya zinthu zobwezerezedwanso: pepala, kanema, pulasitiki, zitsulo. Simakampani onse omwe amataya zinyalala m'matchinga ang'onoang'ono. Kwina ali okonzeka kulipira pa kilogalamu, ndipo kwina kochepa kambiri kumachokera ku 100 kg kapena matani.
Mu mzinda wanga ndidapeza mabizinesi asanu otere. Ingopita "ndikupereka pepala kwa Veliky Novgorod."Anatumizira imelo yomweyo, momwe anawatchuliramo zochepa, mtengo pa kilogalamu ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito. Adandiyankha kuchokera ku LLC "Vtororesursy". Tsopano ndimawayendetsa pepala lotayirira nthawi zonse.
Odzipereka Mapepala akunyalala nawonso amatengedwa ndi odzipereka. Amakonza malo osakanikirana kuti abwezeretsenso ndipo amatenga chilichonse chomwe chatengedwa m'mabizinesi kuti akachikonze. Nditangoyamba kutola pepala lotayirira, ndinasunga kaye pepala kunyumba, kenaka ndikuwapereka panthawi yotere. Koma izi zidasokonekera: zidali zovuta kuti zizolowere dongosolo lazamasheya. Mu mzinda wanga amakhala Loweruka loyamba lililonse la mwezi uliwonse kuyambira 11 mpaka 12 m'mawa.
Anthu odzipereka pantchito zotere sapeza chilichonse: ndalamazo zimapita kuntchito komanso ndalama zoyendera. Panthawi yochita izi, mapepala otayirira okha sangalandiridwe, komanso mabotolo apulasitiki owoneka bwino (zakumwa za 1PET), mabotolo opaque a zodzikongoletsera (2HDPE marking, 5РР), matumba apulasitiki oyera, zitini za aluminiyamu ndi tini, zotengera zamagalasi - makontena azakudya za ana, mabotolo.
Zinthu zongobwezeretsanso zitha kubweretsedwa mulimonse. Zofunikira kwambiri: ziyenera kukhala zoyera komanso zoyenera kuyenda. Pepala lotayirira - m'mata omwe amangidwa ndi chingwe, mabotolo ndi zitini - m'mabokosi, omwe amaikidwa ndi manyuzipepala kuti asathyole. Mapaketi ayenera kupindidwa ndi kupukutidwa.
Malingaliro olandirira zinthu zobwezerezedwanso panthawi yochitidwazo amakonzedwa m'misewu yamizinda. Mu Veliky Novgorod, mfundo ngati izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala 13.
Zambiri za bungwe la kusamutsa mapepala otayidwa ndi makampani
Zotayika zilizonse zamapepala (makatoni, pepala lonyansa, mapepala, zolemba, magazini, mabulosha, zosindikizira) zimawonongeka. Zoyenera kukhala ndi izi:
- kusankhidwa ndi mtundu (mwa mtundu wa malonda, kupezeka kwa zithunzi za utoto ndi zithunzi). Mutha kutenga pepalalo osasankha kale, koma mapepala otayidwa ngati awa ndi otsika mtengo ndipo amalipira ndalama zochepa,
- kuyanika ndi ukhondo (wopanda mafuta, madontho akuda, etc.),
- kutsukidwa pakuphatikizidwa kwina ndi zinthu zakunja (mizu, mapepala, zosasintha, zolemba zamakalata, ndi zina zambiri),
- khalani ndi ma CD ogwirizira (kuti akakhale otakataka, mabokosi, omangidwa kapena wokutidwa, osindikizidwa). Ngakhale muyenera kufunsa ndi kampani yobwezeretsanso za mfundo yomalizayi, antchito ake amapanga mapaketi.
Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa zinyalala, kampani yomwe ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zochotsa zinyalala ziyenera kuyang'ana pa zinthu monga mavoliyumu. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti muyezo kukula kwa bungwe sabata iliyonse, kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 30 kg wa mapepala ogwiritsiridwa ntchito amatha kupanga, ndiko kuti, toni m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka.
Poganizira kuthamanga kwa kampani "zowunikira", mutha kuwerengera nthawi yomwe mapepala osafunikira adzasonkhanitsidwa. Kutengera izi, ndikofunikira kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yophatikiza mapepala otayidwa:
- konzani zoulutsira kunja kutengera kuchuluka kwa zotsutsana ndi gulu lanu ndipo osazichita kawirikawiri,
- musatolere zinyalala zambiri potaya pepala pafupipafupi, malo ocheperako ngati pepala lotayidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa ndi makampani amachotsa mabungwe azovomerezeka (nthawi zambiri amakhala 300-500 makilogalamu).
Njira zotayira
Kutoleretsa zinyalala ndi mabungwe kumaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo:
- kusankha kampani yobwezeretsanso yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri mogwirizana (chifukwa mungagwiritse ntchito mapu a Greenpeace omwe amagwiritsanso ntchito, omwe amawonetsanso malo omwe angapangire zinthu zina zopanda pake pakukonzanso, kapena chikwatu cha mabizinesi),
- lembani zofunsira patsamba la kampani yosankhidwa. Mutha kulumikizananso ndi manejala ake mwanjira ina (pafoni, imelo), kuvomereza pazatsatanetsatane ndikugwirizana ndikuchotsa zinyalala zamapepala (nthawi zambiri makampani amatha kupangitsa kuchotsedwa mwachindunji patsiku lamankhwala),
- kukonza pepala ndi kunyamula,
- kuchotsa zinyalala zamakalata kupita kumalo osungira kapena kuyitanitsa okhazikitsa kampani yobwezeretsanso, omwe iwowo adzakunyamula ndikuchotsa pepalalo kuofesi yanu. Pamalo posankha pogwiritsa ntchito milingo yamagetsi kapena yamagalimoto, pepala lidzayesedwa, kusanjidwa ndi kuyesedwa kutengera mtundu wake. Pambuyo pokhapokha, woimira wogwiritsa ntchito afotokozere mtengo wonse wa pepaloli,
- Kulandila ndalama ndi kusamutsa kwa banki kapena ndalama ndi kuphatikizidwa kwao munkhani zachuma za bungweli.
Mutha kuimbanso mgwirizano pa mgwirizano womwe ungakhalepo ndi kampani yopanga zinthu. Kenako, podutsanso pepala lochotsalo, kuchuluka kwa magawo kumachepetsedwa.
Kutaya zinyalala ndi ntchito zina zowonjezera za ogwiritsa ntchito
Makampani othandizira amapereka mabungwe azovomerezeka ndi mitundu yambiri yazowonjezera ntchito zochotsa pepala lotayidwa. Izi ndi izi:
- Kuchotsa zinyalala zamapepala ku adilesi yamakasitomala. Mutha kutumiza mapepala kuti musonkhepo pogwiritsa ntchito zoyendera zanu zokha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira ogwiritsa ntchito. Makampani ambiri amatenga mapepala kwaulere akafika pachilichonse polemera (nthawi zambiri amachokera ku 500 kg) ndipo amaperekanso kwaulere ntchito zoyendetsera (ma oda opitilira 1 toni),
- kulongedza ndi kusanja mapepala ndi mitundu kuti atayire kapena kutikonzanso,
- kuwonongeka kwa zolemba zakale, zomwe njira yapadera imakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo (zomwe zimawonongedwa zimalembedwa, chinsinsi sichiyenera kulandiridwa ndi anthu osavomerezeka).
Makampani owononga zakale amatha kugwiritsa ntchito maukadaulo angapo pa izi: zolemba zowotcha kapena kuwononga iwo pogwiritsa ntchito shredder yamafuta. Njira yachiwiri imadziwika kuti ndi yamakono komanso yachilengedwe. Kutaya zosungidwa kumachitika zonse zomwe zili pamakampani ogwiritsira ntchito, pomwe oimira kasitomala amalola nthawi zonse, ndipo pamalo ena aliwonse abwino kwa kasitomala pomwe shredder ikhoza kuyikika (fumbi, zinyalala sizingokhala, ntchito ndi chete).
Zolemba zakale zikawonongeka, ntchito yotaya imapangidwa. Imasainidwa ndi oimira ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kasitomala, ndipo atasindikiza chisindikizo, amapeza mphamvu pazovomerezeka.
Mtengo wa mapepala zinyalala, misonkho kuchokera kwa iwo
Kuchuluka komwe kungapezeke potola zinyalala zamapepala kuti zibwezeretsenso kapena kutaya zimatengera mtundu ndi pepala. Makampani osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti mudziwe mndandanda wamitengo yambiri ndikusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri. Mwambiri, polemba nkhani, mutha kupeza ndalama kuchokera ku ruble 3,000 mpaka 6,000 pa toni iliyonse, ndi makatoni - kuchokera 3,000 mpaka 8,500 ma ruble.
Kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira kumathandizira kuwonjezera mtengo wa zinyalala. Nthawi zambiri, mapepala osindikizidwa ndi makatoni amatengedwa ndi makampani obwezeretsanso mtengo kwambiri - ma ruble a 0.5-1. pa kilogalamu iliyonse, yomwe ndi zinyalala zambiri zamapepala zimapindulitsa.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa mapepala zinyalala kumapangidwa pafupipafupi m'gulu lanu, kugula chosindikizira tsikuli kudzakhala ndalama zambiri. Zimangolandira ndalama zochulukirapo kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa, komanso kusunga malo m'malo osungiramo zinthu kapena m'maofesi momwe pepala lotayirira limasungidwira, kuonetsetsa kuti mapepala otayidwa akuyenera kupita kumalo osungira.
Misonkho yowonjezeredwa pamilandu yosonkhetsa zinyalala zamapepala pakadali pano siliyipitsidwa ku mabungwe azamalamulo, ndiye kuti, ndalama zomwe zalandilidwa siziyikidwa pa VAT.
Zolemba pazantchito
Kampaniyo idalandira ndalama zandalama zomwe zalandiridwa chifukwa chobwezeretsanso pepala lochotsa zinyalala malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchulukitsa zinyalala pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri:
- zokha kudzera mu pulogalamu 1C ZUP (gawo "Kulandila katundu ndi ntchito", zolemba mwanjira yofananira),
- pamanja mu kachitidwe ka 1C (magawo "Opaleshoni" - "Opaleshoni adalowa pamanja").
Ngati ndi kotheka, kampani yobwezeretsanso ingapemphe kanthu kuti chilandire pepala lochotsa zinyalala ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera ndalama.
kuyambira 7:00 - 20:00,
m'mawa saturday.
(Mwakugwirizana, kunyamula patchuthi ndipo Lamlungu ndikotheka.)
Zomwe zitha ndipo sizingatengedwe
Atatenga zonyamula mapepala, nzika imatha kudabwitsidwa mosasamala kuti zina zake zili ndi iye sangavomera. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti si mitundu yonse yamapepala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito yomwe ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso ndipo chifukwa chake, malo olandirira sangavomereze.
chani mutha kutenga:
- kulemba pepala
- zolemba
- manyuzipepala
- mabuku
- zolemba ndi zakale,
- makatoni ndi makatoni kadi.
Musanatenge anu mabuku akale kupita kumalo osungirako zinyalala, fufuzani ngati alipo rarity ndi zachikhalidwe komanso zachikale. Panali nthawi zina pomwe anthu amaperekanso khobidi la chinthu chomwe chimawononga ndalama zambiri.
chani simungathe:
- zotayira tebulo
- mitundu ya pepala (zopukutira, mapepala akuchimbudzi),
- pepala lochotsa zipatala (makhadi, zakale),
- ma trays a mazira
- macheke amasenda
- pepala lotayidwa lomwe limapangidwa munyumba.
Nkhani zotsutsa zitha kuchitika pafupi:
- makatoni kadi
- magazini okongola
- mapepala opangidwa ndi impregnation, amaika, othandizira.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti ku Russia kulibe mabizinesi ambiri omwe ali ndi kuthekera kopangira pepala lotayidwa chotere. Mwachitsanzo, kulongedza Tetra Pak amabisalira mtolo zogulitsa ku:
Kuvuta kwa ukadaulo, kukwera mtengo komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa zida kumabweretsa chakuti popanga pepala lopanda lamwala anthu nthawi zambiri kukana.
Njira yapadera yotaya mapepala zinyalala imagwiranso ntchito kumabungwe azovomerezeka. Kutaya zolemba zotayidwa kwa mabizinesi zoletsedwa akuwopsezedwa kuti alandila chindapusa chachikulu. Kampaniyo imatha kuchotsa zikalata ndi zakale:
- pomaliza mgwirizano ndi kampani yotaya pepala lonyansa, omwe ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amayendera pafupipafupi ndikutenga zopangira zomwe zasungidwa,
- kutenga mwayi zikalata zowonongera makampani (makamaka ngati ndichinsinsi.
Kodi zikusintha bwanji?
Chilichonse chopangidwa ndi pepala, kaya makatoni, mapepala oyera kapena nyuzipepala, zimakhala anakakamira zamkati ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana - guluu, utoto ndi zinthu zina.
Chomwe chimapangidwira kuchotsera zinthu zakunja ndi kupeza zamkati zoyera, yomwe imapita kukapanga mapepala atsopano.
Werengani zambiri za kubwezerezedwanso:
- Pepala loyambirira kosanjidwa ndi kuyeretsedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja zowoneka - zitsulo, pulasitiki, polyethylene, mphira ndi zina.
- Kenako zopangira zimayikidwa mu pulasitala (zida zomwe zimawoneka ngati blender yayikulu ndikugwira ntchito mofananamo), pomwe pali madzi wosweka kukhala yunifolomu yofiyira. Ulusi umatupa ndikusiyanitsidwa ndi zosayera zazikulu. Mwanjira iyi, zamkati zamadzimadzi ndizoyenera kupanga ma trays a mazira ndi makatoni amakalasi otsika.
- Gawo lotsatira ndilochulukirapo kuyeretsa kwambiri zodetsa. Imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito siting yogwedeza. Pazotulukazo timapeza zida zaiwisi zoyenera kupanga zogulitsa bwino (kulongedza makatoni, zida zama board).
- Kupanga zamkati zabwino kuyeretsa bwinokenako ndikuwonjezerapo zowonjezera zina (zamkati zamatabwa, utoto, ndi zina). Zotsatira zake, timapeza zida zapamwamba zapamwamba zopangira Pepala labwino kwambiri.
Werengani zambiri za njirayi ndi magawo ake onse pazinthu zomwe zidaperekedwa ku ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso pepala.
Malangizo
Ntchito yayikulu yonyamula mapepala okhala ndi zinyalala amachepetsedwa zinyalala zamapepala kuchokera kwa anthu ndi mabungwe azovomerezeka ndi kugulitsa kapena kutaya pambuyo pake.
Kuphatikiza pakulandila pepala lochotsedwa kwa nzika, ogwira ntchito pakatikati pano akumaliza mapangano ndi mabizinesipambuyo pake amataya zinyalala zambiri zamapepala.
Zinthu zonse zitha kugawidwa mitundu iwiri:
- iwo amene amatenga zinyalala maphwando akulu ndi ang'ono (kuchokera pa 0 kg kg),
- omwe avomera maphwando akulu okha pepala lotayirira (kuchokera 100, 500, 1000 kg).
Mtundu woyamba ndi mwayi wokhawo woti anthu agawe pepala lochotsa ndalama zochepa. Amapereka mitengo yotsika mtengo, nthawi zambiri zosakwana ruble pa 1 makilogalamu a pepala lochepa. Pepala loyera kwambiri - 3-5 rub.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa malo osonkhanitsa amapereka mphotho zokulirapo pazinthu zopangira, kuphatikiza apo, ogwira ntchito ali okonzeka kuchichotsa kuchokera kwagawa okha. Komabe, amapereka zochulukira zofunikira zazikulu:
- Kupezeka phwando lalikulu pepala (chilichonse chimayimira kuchuluka kwake),
- ena amatenga zosankhidwa zokha kapena kukakamizidwa kokha zida zogwiritsira ntchito.
Mutha kupeza zambiri - 2-6 rub. pepala lochepa komanso lochepa kwambiri 8-12 rub. Zopangira zopangira zovala zoyambirira.
Malangizo mpaka pano zambiri. Aliyense wokhala mumzinda waukulu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso pezani mfundo yapafupi ndi nyumba yanu pamapuwa. Ndikothekanso kuti anthu okhala m'mizinda yaying'ono ndi matauni apereke mapepala otayirira ndalama - malo osonkhanitsa omwe atsegulidwa pamenepo.
Zinyalala zamakalata
Bizinesi pamatayala tsopano pakuyenda, makamaka papepala lotayidwa. Pali zoyambitsa:
- pepala lotayika - zotsika mtengo zopangira ubiquitous
- ndi la gulu lowopsa kwambiri - lachisanu palibe chiphaso chapadera chofunikira kukonza zinyalala,
- kukhazikitsa pepala osagwirizana ndi VAT.
Pali mitundu ingapo yamabizinesi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu niche iyi. Tiyeni tionenso mwatsatanetsatane.
Tsegulani malo osakira
Mzaka zaposachedwa mapepala osonkhanitsa zinyalala mdziko lathu Kukula chifukwa boma 'limasula' ochita malonda pang'ono. Masiku ano, malo osungirako zinyalala ndi mtundu wabizinesi yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza yomwe mungayambitse pafupifupi kuyambira zikande.
Zotani izi zofunika:
- Chipinda chosungira. Ngati mulibe njira yogulira kapena yobwereketsa, galaji yanuyokha ndiye poyambira.
- Njira zoyendera. Mwakutero - galimoto kapena galimoto yokhala ndi trailer. Galimoto ikhoza kubwereka, koma imakhala yovutitsa zachuma; ndibwino kugula Gagelle kapena logwiritsidwa ntchito lotsika mtengo. ngolo yoyenda ndi galimoto yanu.
- Otsatsa Mapepala Owononga. Ogulitsa, malo osungira, maofesi - mwachidule, mabungwe aliwonse omwe sanatengebe nawo omwe akupikisana nawo atha kukhala ogulitsa zida zopangira.
- Njira zamalonda. Pepala lomwe linasonkhanitsidwa liyenera kugulitsidwa. Ogulitsa onse omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zamkati ndi mphero papepala ali okonzeka kuti adzagule, kapena zamkati ndi pepala pachokha (kumene, ngati mung sonkhanitse gulu la matani 20-30).
Izi ndi zinthu zazikulu bizinesi. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri mu nkhani yathu pa bizinesi yonyansa yamapepala.
Kupanga zinthu
Bizinesi iyi imafunika ndalama zazikulukoma zimabweretsa kwambiri ndalama zapamwamba.
Zitha panga:
- pepala lakuchimbudzi (komanso chida chamakatoni),
- zopukutira (pepala ndi masikono),
- kunyamula kwa mazira
- makatoni ndi makatoni othandizira (komanso makatoni okhala ndi zida zosankha),
- pepala lotayika mbale,
- pepala lojambula .
- matenthedwe ndi zida zomangira.
Mndandandawo suli wathunthu, kuphatikiza apo, chaka chilichonse, zatsopano zimapezeka mdziko lapansi. Ku Russia, chinthu chotchuka kwambiri komanso chotchuka ndi pepala la kuchimbudzi ndi zopukutira, komanso makatoni ndikunyamula mapepala.
Ngakhale kutchuka kwa malonda, zovuta kupeza mayendedwe ogawa. Phunzirani kumsika mosamala musanayambe kupanga ndalama.
Kufufuza zida
Gawo loyamba la mapepala otayirira ndi kukanikiza. Kuti muchite izi, makina osindikizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amasiyanasiyana pamtundu ndi kukula kwake.
Kuphatikiza apo, pepala lotayilalo limayamba kukonzedwa, momwe zida zapadera zingapo zimayambira.
Zida zimatha kugawidwa mitundu iwiri:
- kupatukana makina ndi makina
- mizere yovuta kukonza mapepala zinyalala komanso kupanga zinthu kuchokera pamenepo.
Makina amagwira ntchito zawo. Ganizirani mwachitsanzo pepala la kuchimbudzi:
- Makina apepala. Amapanga pepala lotayirira, amapanga pepala ndikukulunga ndi masikono awiri ndi mamitala ambiri.
- Osasunthika makina.
- Makina a masikono.
- Chabwino tebulo.
Makinawa amatha kusinthidwa magawo osiyana (crusher, pulper, screen vibrating, olekanitsa, zida zamafuta obalalika, ndi zina). Gwirani ntchito ndi seti yotere osavomerezeka kwambiriKoma poyambira, ngati kulibe ndalama zokwanira, ambiri amasankha njirayi.
Njira ina ndi ozungulira wathunthu mzere. Kuchokera pa pepala lonyansa amapangidwa nthawi yomweyo masikono. Inde, mtengo wa zida zotere ndi woyenera.
Pali mizere ndi malire osakwanira. Pankhaniyi, malonda amapangidwa kuchokera anamaliza zamkati zopangira. Ndi kangapo okwera mtengo pepala losatulutsidwa, kotero kupanga zotsika mtengo.
Kodi ndi chifukwa chiyani kupanga mapepala obwezerezedwanso?
Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:
- Kuchepetsa kudula mitengo. Pepala lotayidwa kwambiri logwiritsanso ntchito, mahekitala ocheperako amayenera kudulidwa.
- Chepetsani mavoti azitaya. Kuposa kotala la voliyumu yawo ndi zinyalala zamapepala. Kugwiritsa ntchito pepala lonyalala pazolinga zake, ndikotheka kupewa kuwonjezeka kwa zochulukitsa zakumatauni, mwakutero kupanga zachilengedwe ndi kuyeretsa mzindawo.
- Sungani zothandizira. Kupanga katundu wobwezeretsanso mapepala kumatenga magetsi ochepa ndi madzi kuposa kupanga zinthu zofananira zamatabwa. Monga mukuwonera, kupanga zinthu kuchokera pamapepala akunyalala sikungopindulitsa chilengedwe, komanso kupindulitsa mwachuma kwa mabizinesi.
- Katundu Wopanga. Wood ndiokwera mtengo, ndipo zimatenga ndalama zambiri kuikonza. Kupanga mapepala otayika kumapangitsa kuti akhale otsika mtengo komanso zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yopindulitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamapeto.
Pomaliza, kutaya zinyalala - iyi ndi ntchito yabwino, yomwe siyokhayo zothandiza, komanso zopindulitsa. Kuchotsa zinyalala tsopano, timasamala za mibadwo yamtsogolo, kuwalola kukhala m'dziko lomwe likhala loyera pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, zolembedwa zomwe timawona paliponse - "Gwirani pepala lotayidwa - sungani mtengo" - sikuti amangokhala mawu, koma zipepeso zomwe zikuwonetsa vuto ladziko lonse lathunthu komanso la Russia makamaka.
4. Zothandizira pa kuteteza nkhalango
Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndi imodzi mwazovuta zamakono. Global Forest Watch yatulutsa deta yawo yowonera 2017: Kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango kwapadziko lonse kukufikira 29.4 miliyoni ha. Dera ili ndi lofanana ndi gawo la Italy. Pakadali pano, pachaka chimodzi, mtengo umodzi umatulutsa mpweya wofunikira kupumira banja la anthu 4. Koma zimatenga zaka zambiri kukonzanso nkhalangoyi.
Kuphatikiza kophatikiza kwa mapepala sikungokhala mzere mu lipoti la CSR, komwe kumathandizira kukweza mbiri ya kampani. Mchitidwewu ndiwothandiza pantchito yosamalira nkhalango. Tani imodzi yapa pepala yobwezeretsanso imasunga 24 kuchokera podula nkhuni.
5. Kupulumutsa zachilengedwe
Patsamba lomwe linakonzanso, mutha kupeza pepala latsopano loyera, kulongedza, ngakhale zida zomanga. Tani imodzi yokhala ndi mapepala obwezerezedwanso zimalepheretsa kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwamatani a CO2 mumlengalenga, imafuna magetsi ochepa a 4.7 MWh ndi madzi ochepa a 33 m³ poyerekeza ndi pepala loyambirira. Pakadali pano, palibe kusiyana pakati pa mtundu wa ogula pakati pa mitundu iwiriyo.