Akangaude a Wolf ndi oyimilira akuluakulu a akangaude a banja la Lycosidae (gulu la Arachnids, agulugufe). Zimagawidwa kuma kontrakitala onse kupatula Antarctica, koma ndizofala kumayiko omwe kuli nyengo yotentha.

Izi ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimayendetsa moyo wawo wokha, osagwiritsa ntchito ma capubs pogwira nyama. Iwo, ngati mimbulu, ali ndi miyendo yodyetsedwa pakusaka.

Akangaude: Zinyama zakuthamangitsa zomwe zimathamangitsa nyama

Kangaudeyu amaonedwa kuti ndi nyama yolusa yomwe imakhala m'makola, pakhomo lomwe kangaudeyo amakulunga ndi chingwe, chomwe sichigwira nyama. Amasinthasintha malo omwe amakhala ngati chakudya chimathera pafupi ndi nyumba yake, nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumaiko omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha.

Zizindikiro zakunja kwa kangaude

Kangaude wa nkhandwe ndi wa oimira banja la araneomorphic, pafupifupi mitundu 2370 ya akangaude ndi mamembala ake. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira kangaudeyu - m'makhola mwawo amayendayenda mozungulira akusaka zakudya, zomwe sizofanana ndi ena onse m'banjamo. Amatha kukhala ndi imvi, bulauni komanso mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu.

Thupi limakhala ndi cephalothorax ndi m'mimba, yomwe imakhala ndi tsitsi. Ili ndi ziwalo zamaso zopangidwa bwino (ili ndi maso asanu ndi atatu) ndi fungo, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira wozunzidwayo ali mtunda wa 20 cm, omwe sikhalidwe la mamembala ena am'banja.

Kutalika kwa moyo kumakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa kangaude - kukulira kwake, kutalikirako, kutalika kwa oimira banja lalikulu kumafika masentimita 3. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Akangaude awa amatha kupirira nthawi yozizira: akangaude ang'onoang'ono ndi amayi apakati amatha kupulumuka. Ali ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limapanga bwino.

Zopatsa thanzi komanso moyo

Akangaude ndi nkhandwe. Amadyera nsabwe za m'masamba, udzudzu ndi ntchentche ndi mphutsi zake, akangaude ambiri a nkhandwe amalolera kudya makoswe ndi nsikidzi. Akangaude amasaka pansi. Nthawi zambiri amatha kupezeka zinyalala. Nthawi zambiri amasunthira panthaka, munthu yekha ndi amene amakwera mbewu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi njira zosakira zosiyanasiyana. Akazi ena a nkhandwe amasaka nthawi masana, pomwe ena amafunafuna usiku, ndipo masana amakhala m'mipanda yolumikizana ndi ma cobwebs. Mitundu ina ya akangaude omwe amapanga mimbulu imakhazikitsa bowo ndipo imagwira nyama yomwe yabisalira. Mitundu yosochera imathyola nyama mwa kulumpha, kenako nkuinyeketsa, ili ndi manja awo.

Kuswana

Mitundu yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha nthawi yotentha, ndipo mitundu yotentha imaswana chaka chonse. Poyamba, yamphongo imayesetsa kuti mkaziyo amuone. Kuti achite izi, amasunthira kutsogolo kwake mwapadera, akumamuyandikira pang'onopang'ono. Mtsikanayo akakomera mtima, amatembenukira kwa wamphongo ndi kukulunga malambawo. Pa iwo, amphongo amakwera kumbuyo kwa mkaziyo, ndipo matenga akuyamba. Wamphongo amabweretsa umuna kumaliseche zazikazi mothandizidwa ndi chiwalo chapadera chomwe chili pa miyendo yachiwiri - miyendo.

Pambuyo umuna, wamkazi amafufuza malo obisika. Kumeneko amalira kaphika kakang'ono, komwe amayikira mazira. Kwa milungu ingapo, kangaude wachikazi amavala chokochoni thupi lake, komwe limalumikizidwa kumapeto kwa pamimba pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu choluka. Kuchulukitsa kwa mazira kumadalira kutentha, kotero mayi woyembekezera amayamba nthawi yambiri padzuwa, osabisala mumthunzi masana, monga kale. Akaudewo akatuluka mazira, mayiyo amaswa nkhosayo ndi nsagwada zamphamvu za chelice, ndipo akangaude amasunthira mmodzi kumbuyo kwake. Kangaude woyamba akasiya kanyumba pomusiya kokonati, pomwe abale ndi alongo ake onse akwera pa mayi ake.

Mpaka poyambira koyamba, sabwerera m'mbuyo mwa amayi awo ndipo sadya chilichonse. Kenako chachikazi chimapeza malo abwino onyowa, akangaude amagwera pansi ndikuyamba kudzilimira.

Mtengo wa akangaude a nkhandwe kwa chilengedwe komanso munthu

Mimbulu ya akangaude ndi poyizoni pang'ono, koma kuluma kwawo, monga lamulo, sikubweretsa ngozi kwa anthu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi mtundu wa imvi, nthawi zina amasokonezeka ndi akangaude owopsa kwambiri a hermit, koma amasiyana m'njira zambiri, mwachitsanzo, kumbuyo kwa kangaude wa hermit pali mawonekedwe amtundu wa violin, ndipo akangaude a nkhandwe alibe malo otere. Amasiyanitsidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa maso (akangaude akhungu ali ndi maso asanu ndi atatu, ndipo kangaude wa hermit ali ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi) ndi pamimba latsitsi.

Akangaude a Wolf nthawi zambiri samakhala ankhanza ndipo samazunza anthu poyamba, koma ngati amasokonezedwa nthawi zonse, amathanso kuluma. Kuumwa ndi mitundu ina ya malo otentha kumatha kupweteketsa mtima, chizungulire, komanso nseru. Malowa alumidwa. Pankhaniyi, funsani dokotala.

Kuluma kwa akangaude omwe amakhala ku Russia sikowopsa kwa anthu.

Nthawi zina, kuyabwa kapena kukwiya kungachitike. Ngati mwalumidwa ndi kangaude, pamalo omwe kulumayo kuyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo, ndikuyika compress yozizira. Ngati kuyamwa kumayamwa, mutha kuyesa kusakaniza ndi soda ndi kuthira osakaniza pamalowo.

Izi ma arthropod amatenga gawo lofunikira m'chilengedwe, chifukwa amawononga tizilombo tina toyipa. Ngati akangaude a nkhandwe atakhazikika m'mundamo kapena m'mundamo, musathamangire kuwawononga. Nthawi zambiri kuluma, kuluma kwawo sikubweretsa ngozi, ndipo amabweretsa zabwino zambiri.

Mothandizidwa ndi kubereka njuchi za osmium, mutha kukopa kutsamba lanu nambala yochulukirapo ya opukutira bwino pazomera. Momwe mungasungire njuchi izi, werengani nkhaniyi.

Kufalitsa kangaude wa miyendo yopyapyala ndi nkhandwe.

Kangaude wa miyendo yopyapyala amapezeka kudera lomwe silili ku Arctic, lomwe limafalitsidwa kwambiri ku North America ndi Canada, kumpoto konse kwa United States, kuyambira pagombe mpaka pagombe. Mitunduyo imafikira kum'mwera kwenikweni, mpaka ku Colorado ndi Northern California. Kangaude wamtunduwu amakhalanso ku Alaska.

Kukhazikika kwa kangaude wopondaponda ndi nkhandwe.

Akangaude anu okhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala ndi kangaude komwe amapezeka m'malo otentha. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamitengo m'nkhalangomo ndipo nthawi zambiri amabwera pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu. Pamalo amenewa mulinso mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu: nkhalango zowuma komanso zodumphira, madambo amchere, malo osambira ndi magombe. Akangaude opondaponda amiyendo amatha kupezeka mu taiga ndi alpine tundra. Zinajambulidwa chizindikiro mpaka pamtunda wa 3500 m. Iwo amadzala ndi zinyalala.

Zizindikiro zakunja za kangaude wowonda-wolumala - nkhandwe.

Akazi a nkhandwe owonda ndi miyendo ndi kangaude wamkulu. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi dimorphism yogonana, zazikazi ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazimuna, kuyambira 6.9 mpaka 8.6 mm kutalika, ndipo zazimuna kuyambira 5.9 mpaka 7.1 mm kutalika. Akangaude a Wolf ali ndi cephalothorax komanso miyendo yayitali yokhala ndi zibwano zitatu. Amakhala ndi mizere itatu ya maso: mzere woyamba uli kumunsi kwa mutu, umapangidwa ndi maso anayi, maso awiri akulu amapezeka pang'ono kumtunda ndipo pang'ono pang'ono maso awiri apakati.

“Cephalothorax” ya bulauni ili ndi mzere wofiirira wofiirira pakati mpaka kumbali ya dorsal; mikwingwirima yakuda yofiirira imakhala kumbali. Mzere wofiirira wofiirira umafikira pakati pamimba, utazunguliridwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Dera lozungulira maso ndi lakuda, ndipo miyendo ili ndi mphete zakuda kapena zakuda zakusintha. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi utoto wofanana. Akangaude osalimba amakutidwa ndi mabulashi oyera, omwe amapinda ngati chithunzi V mkati mwa chipolopolo chawo.

Khalidwe la kangaude wowonda-wonda - nkhandwe.

Akazi a nkhandwe zazitali ndi osazolowera, nyama zodya nyama zambiri zomwe zimakhala pansi, ngakhale zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamitengo yamitengo yomwe imakutidwa ndi dzuwa. Kutentha ndikofunikira pakukula kwa mazira.

Wamng'ono wachinyamata nthawi yozizira m'nkhalango.

Akazi a nkhandwe owonda miyendo nthawi zambiri amayembekeza kuti awoloke abisalira. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga, miyendo yayitali komanso kuluma poizoni kuti agwire wolakwayo. M'mitundu yambiri ya akangaude opondaponda, ukatswiri umaonekera. Kangaude wamtunduwu siwopanda malo, chifukwa anthu ochulukana komwe amakhala amakhala okwera ndipo ali 0,6 mita lalikulu. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo ochepa, ndipo akangaude amafalikira mpaka pomwe amatha kudziwa mtunda wapadziko lapansi. Mtundu wa bulauni ndi mawonekedwe okhala pamwambapa pa akangaude awa ndi njira yodziphimbira ikasunthira pansi.

Kudyetsa kangaude wowonda ndi miyendo.

Akaswiri a nkhandwe zolusa ndi agalu omwe amadyera tizilombo. Kuluma kwawo ndi poyizoni, ndipo chelicera yayikulu imayambitsa zowonongeka zamakina. Amadyera ma arthropod osiyanasiyana, koma makamaka tizilombo.

Mtengo kwa munthuyo.

Akangaude amiyendo owonda miyendo amatha kubweretsa ululu wowawa komanso wakupha, koma palibe chidziwitso chokhudza omwe akuzunzidwa. Makungu akulu a kangaude ndi owopsa kuposa poizoni wawo, kupweteka, kutupa, redness ndi zilonda kumawonekera pamalowo. Muzochitika izi, chisamaliro chamankhwala chofunikira. Zingakhale kuti kangaude wa miyendo yopyapyala amatha kuluma munthu, koma sizimachitika pokhapokha ngati akangaude akuwopsezedwa.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kufotokozera kwa Spider ya Wolf

Luso lodabwitsali mochititsa chidwi limapangitsa zolengedwa izi kuti zisamaoneke ndi maso. Ndiwosadziwika bwino mu udzu wandiweyani, kumapanga mizere yolowera, ndikusaka kokha pokhapokha ngati pali ngozi pafupi. Kangaudeyu akuwoneka wopatsa chidwi.

Ali ndi thupi loyambirira - cephalothorax amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo amchiwalo ammaso, pakamwa komanso kupuma ziwalo. Ziwalo zamkati za kangaude zimapezeka mkati mwa m'mimba, ndipo miyendo yolumikizana yayitali kuchokera pamenepo. Mtundu wake ndi wonyezimira, wotuwa, chifukwa chake, malinga ndi malongosoledwe, kangaude wamphwayi amatha kusokonezeka ndi kangaude wa hermit. Zimasiyana pakatikati kapadera kamene kali ndi vayolini, yomwe nkhandwe ilibe.

Pakupangika kwa gawo lililonse lolumikizana, kangaudeyu amakhala ndi zopindika zitatu, amamuthandiza kuyenda mwachangu pamalo osiyanasiyana ndikuwapeza nyama. Miyendo yakutsogolo yaimuna imadziwika kwambiri kuposa zazikazi, ndipo ndi zokulirapo katatu mpaka kanayi kuposa zazikazi, popeza zazikazi zimapangidwa kuti zizibereka ndi kudyetsa ana.

Kugawa ndi malo okhala

Ma arachnidswa amakhala pamakondomu onse komanso m'maiko onse, kupatula madera a permafrost. Nyengo yotentha dzikolo, ndipamenenso mwayi wokumana ndi cholengedwa pamenepo. Chinyezi ndimtundu wina wabwino kwa akangaude a nkhandwe, chifukwa chake amakhala pamtunda wambiri pamalopa onyowa, pamiyala pafupi ndi mayiwe. Aliyense amadziwa zomwe ali, ngakhale kuti akangaude a nkhandwe amayesera kubisala kuti asawonekere, chifukwa chake amakhala okha mumtunda wowoneka bwino ndi makama amaluwa, pamulu wamiyala, mitengo, m'matanda akale ndi m'malo osungirako zinthu.

Zochita ndi moyo

Amakhulupirira kuti nkhandwe ya kangaudeyu sinayitanidwe osati ubweya wakuda pamimba, komanso kuti mukhale ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndikukasaka nokha, osati pogwiritsa ntchito ukonde wosaka, koma kuthamanga kwenikweni kwa wothawa. Amakonda kwambiri tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Amagwira ntchentche, nsikidzi, akangaude ena ndikupeza mphutsi zomwe zasungidwa ndi nsikidzi.

Usiku, zolengedwa izi zimangokhala ndikung'ung'udza ndikugwira tizilomboti timatha, ndipo masana amayendayenda pafupi ndi momwemo ndipo, atawona nyama yomwe ingagwire, amadumphadumpha ndi kulemera kwawo konse, atagwirizana ndi intaneti pamalo pomwe kudumpha kunachokera. Akangaude a nkhandwe amadya omwe adawazunza, kuwakakamiza pansi kapena mbali ina ndi kutsogolo kwa miyendo yawo, yomwe imawoneka ngati ziguduli. Uku ndikuwotcha kwa arachnid, kotero, kumatha kulimbikitsa odwala ambiri mwa kubaya mankhwala omwe ali ndi poizoni ndi kuluma.

Akakhwima, wamkazi amayamba kufunafuna ngodya yofunda kuti akhazikikemo ndikuyamba kupukusira cocoko kuti akhale mazira okhathamiritsa. Pakutulutsa kwa ma multilayer tangle, amaikira mazira kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu, pomwe ana akangaude amatulutsa okhwima. Mpira uwu umalumikizidwa ndi chiwalo chopingasa chachikazi, chomwe chimabisalira cobweb kuti chilimbikitse coco. Coco imacha bwino pakakhala dzuwa kapena nyengo yotentha, chifukwa chake, mkaziyo amamufunafuna malo otentha kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chakuwuka kwa chinyezi kuchokera kumtunda wa thupi lake, amataya mpaka 30% ya misa yonse.

Malamulo apakhomo

Monga chiweto, cholengedwa ichi sichibweretsa mavuto ambiri. Ngakhale kuopsa komanso mantha kwambiri, kangaudeyu amadumpha pokhapokha akafuna kuukira yemwe angakumane naye, ndipo sikuti amayenda pamalo owongoka chifukwa cha kufooka kwa miyendo yoluka. Malo osungirako magalasi okhala ndi malita khumi mpaka makumi awiri ndi oyenera kukonzedwa. Kuti arachnid ikhale yabwino, pamafunika kudzazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza mpaka masentimita khumi. Mu aquarium, muyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kosalekeza madigiri 28-30 - kutentha kumeneku ndikofunikira makamaka kwa akazi panthawi yakucha kwa coco. Chinyezi chachikulu ndi chinthu chinanso chofunikira kuti khofi uyu azikhala bwino. Kuti chinyezi champhepo cham'madzi chisafanane ndi chinyezi cha chipinda, ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi film.

Pazonse, banja la kangaudeyu lili ndi mitundu yopitilira 2000, yomwe imagawidwa genera zana limodzi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pakati pawo, mitunduyi imasiyana m'njira yosaka - kuthamanga kapena kubowula, komanso nthawi yosaka - masana kapena usiku. Mtundu wofala kwambiri umatchedwa ampantan tarantula. Iyi ndi arachnid yayikulu, imafikira pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi awiri. Miyoyo yomwe imakhala m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri ndi zitunda, imakonda kubisala masamba omwe adagwa ndikubisa masamba ake nayo. Kuluma kwake kunali kowawa kwambiri, ndipo kwanthawi yayitali amadziwika kuti ndiwopanda.

Mwa mitundu ya kangaude wa mimbulu yomwe siigwirizana ndi tarantulas, mdera lamatabwa, mnyumba za anthu komanso m'nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe kangaude wolumala ndi akangaude. Zoyambazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chingwe chowonekera cha siliva pathupi komanso kakang'ono kakang'ono - masentimita 0,5 okha. Omaliza ndi okulirapo pang'ono, kukula kwawo kumakhala sentimita imodzi. Ali ndi zizolowezi zofananira komanso moyo wautali.

Mtundu wina wofalikira umatchulanso tarantulas - izi tarantula kumwera kwina. Si yayikulu ngati Ampoule imodzi, masentimita atatu okha, koma imawoneka yowopsa ndipo imawerengedwa ngati arachnid wamkulu kwambiri mu CIS. Pazonse, mitundu pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi atatu ya zolengedwa izi imatha kupezeka mumsewu wapakati. Ena onse amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha.

Njira zosaka

Akangaude amadya mimbulu (lat. Lycosidae) cicadas, nsikidzi, udzudzu, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tina tambiri. Amasaka nthawi zosiyanasiyana - ena amafunafuna chakudya masana, ena amakonda kusaka usiku.

Kangaude aliyense ali ndi njira yakeyake yosakira: ambiri aiwo amakonda kuyendayenda panthaka, pomwe amafunafuna nyama zawo, ndipo anthu ena amatha kuwoneka atabisalira pamizimba ndi m'makola awo. Atafufuza wogwirirayo, amathamangira pa intaneti ndikuwudya mwachangu, atagwira kutsogolo kwawo. Pa nthawi ya nkhonya, kangaudeyu amatha kudumpha mpaka 30 cm.

Mtundu uwu wa arthropod ndiwofunika kwambiri mwachilengedwe masiku ano. Amawonongeratu tizilombo, chifukwa chake amatha kusunga mundawo ndi dimba ku tizirombo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Zomwe zimachitika pakubala

Akangaude a nkhanu omwe amakhala m'malo otentha (kuphatikizira kumwera kwa Russia) amaswana nthawi yotentha, ndipo anthu okhala m'malo otentha amatha kubereka ana chaka chonse. Akazi obisalamo ataluka khokho lowaza ndi kuyikira mazira pamenepo, ndipo kwa milungu ingapo amavala coco kumbuyo kwake.

Kuti mazira akhwime msanga, amayesetsa kuthera nthawi yambiri padzuwa, chifukwa pomwe pali kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa munthu wamkulu, koma chikhazikitso cha amayi chimalephera chizolowezi chodzitchinjiriza. Ngati mayi atenga coco, amasochera nthawi yayitali m'malo amenewo kukafunafuna kutayika.

Pambuyo pakusasitsa, mkaziyo amaphwanya coco ndi nsagwada zake, ndipo akangaude ang'ono amalowera m'khosalo kumbuyo kwa amayi ake ndikukhala komweko kufikira ataphunzira kusaka okha. Chifukwa cha kubereka kamodzi, nkhandwe yachikazi imatha kupanga akangaude ang'ono 30-100.

Wider Wider ndi munthu

Arthropod yamtunduwu ndi ya omwe akuyimira poizoni ochepa kwambiri a arachnids ndipo samakonda kuukira anthu. Ngati ma arthropod awa akawona kuwopsa, amatembenukira kumtunda pamimba ndikuyimilira, pomwepo kangaudeyu akhoza kukhalabe mpaka chiwopsezo chitadutsa.

Ngati mungayese koyamba kuwukira kangaude, khalani okonzekera kuwoneka. Kuluma kwa kangaudeyu sikuwopseza moyo wa munthu, limodzi ndi kuyabwa ndi kufinya kwa malowa. Nthawi zina, munthu amatha kumva kupweteka kwambiri, nseru komanso chizungulire. Malowa alumikizidwe amayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi wofewa ndikupukutidwa ndi viniga, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito compress yozizira kuti muchotse chotupacho.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Akangaude a Wolf kapena akangaude pansi kapena akangaude osaka ndi mamembala am'banja la Lycosidae, dzinalo limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti "λύκος" lotanthauza "nkhandwe". Ili ndi gulu lalikulupo.

A nkhandwe ali ndi dzina lake polemekeza chizolowezi chankhondo choukira nyama ndi gulu lonse. Poyamba anthu ankakhulupirira kuti tizilombo timeneti timatsutsanso m'matumba. Tsopano malingaliro awa amadziwika kuti ndi olakwika.

Pali mitundu yopitilira 2000 yomwe ili m'gulu la mitundu 116. Pafupifupi Mitundu ya 125 imapezeka ku North America, pafupifupi 50 ku Europe. Mitundu yambiri imapezeka ngakhale kumpoto kwa Arctic Circle.

Kusintha kwa kangaude komwe kwachitika zaka 380 miliyoni. Akangaude oyamba adachokera kwa makolo akale a crustacean. Tsopano tafotokoza mitundu yopitilira 45,000 yomwe ilipo. Zisonyezero zamitundu yosiyanasiyana za zinthu zakale zimapanga gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe tingayembekezere ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arachnids pakadali pano. Magawo akuluakulu a chisinthiko amaphatikizapo kukula kwa akufa ndi kusankhidwa kwa ma cobwebs.

Kanema: Spider Wolf

Mwa ma arthropods akale apadziko lapansi, ma trigonotarbits, oimira gulu lakale la arachnid, amaonekera. ali ndi zikhalidwe zambiri zofanana ndi kangaude, kuphatikiza moyo wapadziko lapansi, kupuma ndikuyenda miyendo isanu ndi itatu yoyenda ndi pafupi ndi pakamwa. Komabe, sizikudziwika ngati anali ndi luso lopanga tsamba lawebusayiti. Trigonotarbides sikuti akangaude enieni. Mitundu yawo yambiri ilibe mbadwa zotsala.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Spider Wolf Animal

Akangaulu ambiri a nkhandwe ndizochepa kakang'ono ngakhale pang'ono. Munthu wamkulu kwambiri ali ndi kutalika pafupifupi 2.5 cm ndipo miyendo ndi yayitali kutalika. Ali ndi maso asanu ndi atatu okhala m'mizere itatu. Mzere wapansi umakhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono anayi, pafupifupi maso awiri akulu, ndipo mzere wapamwamba umakhala ndi maso awiri apakati. Mosiyana ndi ma arachnids ena, ali ndi masomphenya abwino kwambiri. Tsitsi lowonda pamiyendo ndi thupi limawapatsa chidwi.

Kuwala kwamaso kwa kangaude komwe kumayang'aniridwa ndi kangaude wamphweya kumayatsa kuwala kochititsa chidwi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwala komwe kumachokera m'maso kupita komwe kunachokera, mwakutero kuyambitsa "kuwala" kosavuta kuzindikira.

Popeza akangaude amadalira pang'ono kubisala kuti atetezedwe kwa adani, utoto wawo ulibe matupi owoneka bwino, monga mitundu ina ya akangaude. Mitundu yakunja imafanana ndi malo omwe mumakonda mitundu. Akangaude ambiri amphwayi amakhala akuda. Thupi laubweya ndi lalitali komanso lonse, lokhala ndi miyendo yayitali yolimba. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwawo. Ndiosavuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa malo ndi maso. Nsagwada zili kutsogolo komanso zamphamvu.

Akangaude a Wolf ali ndi mawonekedwe akale:

• cephalothorax imagwira ntchito ya masomphenya, kuyamwa chakudya, kupuma ndipo imayang'anira magalimoto,
• M'mimba mumakhala ziwalo zamkati.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo chimatengera kukula kwa mitundu. Mitundu yaying'ono imakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mitundu yayikulu - 2 zaka, nthawi zina yayitali. Zachikazi zophatikiza kapena kangaude wobadwa kumene amapulumuka nthawi yozizira.

Hogna ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa akangaulu a nkhandwe, woposa mitundu 200 yomwe imapezeka kuzinthu zonse. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tambiri timakhalira m'malo odyetserako ziweto ndipo timadya nyama zing'onozing'ono, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulamulira kwachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kuyandikire pafupi ndi nkhandwe.

Kodi kangaudeyu amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Spider Wolf Spider

Akangaude a Wolf amatha kukhala kulikonse kupatula Antarctica. Mitundu ina imapezeka pamiyala yamapiri ozizira, pomwe ina imakhala m'mphepete mwa chiphalaphala chophulika. Amatha kupezeka m'malo achipululu, nkhalango zamvula, mitengo yam'madzi ndi malo okhala. Mtundu umodzi udapezekanso mu mbewu za tirigu, mukudya tizirombo monga nsabwe za m'masamba.

Mitundu ina ya akangaude a nkhandwe imakhala munjanji, pomwe zambiri zimapezeka m'malo obiriwira. Nthawi zambiri amatha kupezeka obisika m'madera omwe ali pabwaloli omwe amapereka akangaude ndi chitetezo komanso chitetezo, kuphatikiza:

• Masamba, masamba ozungulira,
• mu udzu wautali kapena wandiweyani
• pansi pa milu yayitali yamatanda ndi mitanda yamatanda.

Mosiyana ndi mayina awo a miyendo inayi, akangaude a nkhandwe samasaka m'matumba. Ndi “mimbulu” yosungulumwa amene safuna kukumana ndi anthu. Ma spider a genus Pirata nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi dziwe kapena mitsinje; ali ndi chizindikiro cha V pambuyo pake kumbuyo. Pamalo osalala pamadzi, amathamanga osasambira komanso agwirira tizilombo tambiri pamadzi. Akangaude a nkhandwe za Burrowing (Geolycosa) amakhala nthawi yayitali m'makola awo ndipo amakhala ndi miyala yakutsogolo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba.

Ngati m'modzi wa iwo anali mkatimo, nthawi zambiri amadzapewa kutentha kwambiri kapena chifukwa chathamangitsa kachilombo kena m'nyumba. Ma spider ofanana amayesa kuyendayenda mwakachetechete m'zipinda zomwe zili pansi. Amachita izi pokwawa m'makoma kapena pansi pa mipando.

Kodi kangaude wamphongo amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Spider Wolf Male

Akangaude a ntchifuwa samata mawoko kuti agwire nyama yawo, ali asaka enieni ndipo amapeza chakudya chomwe angawone mwakuthupi kapena kudzera mukugwedezeka ndi tsitsi lawo. Nthawi zambiri amakonzera obisalira anzawo ndi kuwabera kuti awabise mwakachetechete kapena amakonzekereradi.

Zosankha zawo zimatha kukhala pakati pa tizilombo monga:

Akangaude ena amasaka nyama akaigwira kapena akuthamangitsa mtunda waifupi. Ena amadikirira mpaka wadutsa pafupi kapena atakhala pafupi ndi bowo. Akangaulu a nkhandwe atangogwira nyama yawo, amaipaka kuti ili ngati mpira kapena kubayiramo poizoni, ndikusintha ziwalo zamkati za anthu osauka zija. Amadya omwe amawazunza, kuwakankhira pansi kapena pansi ndi mawondo awo. Kangaudeyu amathira nkhawa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu mwa kubaya mankhwala oopsa.

Zingwe za kangaude zimakhala ndi maondo 48 ofama, ndiko kuti, mkono uliwonse umakhala ndi malo 6. Kangaude wamphongo amalowetsa poyizoni ngati wakwiya nthawi zonse. Zizindikiro za kuluma kwake ndi monga kutupa, kupweteka pang'ono, komanso kuyabwa.

M'mbuyomu, kuluma kwa necrotic nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha mtundu wina wa kangaude waku South America, koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zovuta zomwe zidachitika zidachitika chifukwa chakuluma kwa genera lina. Oimira aku Australia amtunduwu adalumikizidwanso ndi mabala a necrotic, komabe kuphunzira mosamala kuluma kunawonetsanso zotsatira zoyipa.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Spider Wolf Woman

Mimbulu yoluka imakhala yokha. Mitundu yambiri imawononga nthawi padziko lapansi. Mitundu yakuda, yokhala ndi matupi awo amathandizika kuphatikiza ndi masamba akuwunda akamasaka kapena kubisala kwa adani. Nthawi zina amakumba mabowo kapena amapangira mabowo pansi pa miyala ndi mitengo kuti azikhalamo.

Oimira ena a Lycosidae, monga H. carolinensis, amapanga mizere yakuzama momwe amabisalira nthawi yayitali. Ena, monga H. helluo, amathawira pansi pa miyala ndi m'malo ena omwe chilengedwe chimapereka. Akamayendayenda m'malo osiyanasiyana, amatha kumapeto kwa nyumba za anthu nthawi yamvula ikamazizira. Amuna pafupifupi amtundu uliwonse nthawi zina amapezeka mkati mwanyumba pomwe amayenda akusaka zazikazi kumapeto.

M'malo mwa magazi, akangaude ali ndi hemolymph yomwe ili ndi mkuwa. Kamodzi poyera, amapeza mphamvu. Mitsempha + yamitsempha yamagazi imakhalapo kwathunthu, kulumikizana pakati pa ziwalo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito hemolymph.

Mitundu yambiri imamanga zisa za m'nthaka ndi ma cobwebs. Ena amabisa khomo ndi zinyalala, ena amapanga kakhoma ngati nsanja pamwamba pa khomo. Usiku amachoka m'malo awo obisalako ndikupita kukasaka. Kangaudeyu amayesetsa kupeza malo abwino kuti kachilomboka kazitha kudutsa. Kuchokera patali masentimita angapo, kangaudeyu amathumphira kutsogolo ndikugwira nyama.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Ikakwana nthawi yokwatirana, anyani amphongo amakopa zazikazi mwa kusinthana kwakanthawi ndi mbali zamkamwa mwawo kapena kuzikwirira pamasamba. Wamphongo amafika pafupi ndi mkazi kuti adzakwere ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Kufunitsitsa kwa mating mwina kuwonetsedwa ndi kununkhira, komwe kumamveka kale pamtunda wa mita imodzi.

Amuna amtundu wamtundu wa Allocosa brasiliensis amatha kudya mkazi yemwe alibe nzeru zakubereka kapena wamkazi osatha kubereka. Izi zodziwikiratu zidalembedwa koyamba.

Kenako yamphongo imapanga zoyenda molingana ndi dongosolo la mahema (ma pedipalp), m'mene matumba a mbewu amakhalako. Mkazi wakukhwima amayankha momenya ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo ndikuyenda nawo mwamphongo zingapo, zomwe zimayambiranso chibwenzi. Izi zikupitilira mpaka pafupi kukhudza. M'mitundu yausiku, ma sign acoustic amatenga gawo lalikulu, m'mitundu yamasana - kuwala.

Wamphongo amakwawira kutsogolo kwa mkaziyo ndikutsamira mbali imodzi yamimba kuti alowe palpus woyamba. Mkazi akusenda m'mimba. Kenako palpus yachiwiri imayambitsidwa kuchokera kumbali inayo. Akangaude a nkhono ndi osiyana ndi ena chifukwa amadzatenga mazira awo m'khola. Pambuyo pa kukhwima, wamkazi amataya thumba lozungulira la mazira, ndikuyigwirizanitsa ndi mabowo kumapeto kwa pamimba ndikukukokera ana osabadwa nawo.

Mitundu ya akangaude iyi imakhala ndi zikhalidwe zamphamvu kwambiri za amayi. Mtsikanayo atataya coco ndi ana akewo, amakhala wosakhazikika, ndikuyamba kuyendayenda popanda cholinga, akumamupeza. Akalephera kupeza chikwamacho, chachikazi chimagwira chilichonse chofanana nacho. Ikhoza kukhala tizidutswa tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tonthoni ta thonje, ulusi wa thonje, etc. Chifukwa chake, akuyesera kupanga chinyengo chobala ana.

Mimba izikhala pamalo okwera kuti chikwama chisakwere pansi. Koma ngakhale ali pamtunduwu, zazikazi zimatha kusaka. Mbali inanso yomwe kangaude amagwiritsa ntchito posamalira ana. Momwe ma kangaude atatuluka m'khola lofewa, lotetezedwa, amakwera miyendo ya amayi kumbuyo.

Mazana a khungubwi kakang'ono kamamatirira ku tsitsi la mayiyo ndikukhala pamenepo m'magawo angapo, kudyetsa khungu. Pakadali pano, mayiyo amayendayenda kuti apeze ana abwino kwambiri. Pofuna kuti asakhale pangozi, akukana kusaka pafupifupi masiku asanu ndi atatu. Amayi amavala akangaude kwa masabata angapo asanakhale wamkulu kuti adzitha kudzisamalira okha.

Adani achilengedwe a kangaude

Chithunzi: Widerider Wolf

Pali zilombo zambiri zomwe zingakonde kudya kangaude, koma ma arachnids awa ali ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimawathandiza kuti asazunzidwe ndi chakudya. Mitundu yoyendayenda ya kangaude imagwiritsa ntchito kulimba kwawo ndi kuthamanga, komanso mtundu wapadera wogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.

Omwe akuyenera kusamala ndi:

• mavu. Samadya kangaude, koma amawumitsa kakanthawi ndi mbola asanalowe dzira. Mphutsizo zikakhwima, nyama zam'madzizi zimadya kangaude kuchokera mkati. Mavu ena amakokera kangaudeyo pachisa chake ndikutchinjiriza, kuteteza mphutsi. Mitundu ina imayika dzira mkati, kenako nkulola kangaudeyu kuthamangira momasuka,
• amphibians ndi zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono. Amphibians amasangalalanso ndi chakudya chokoma chomwe kangaude amapatsa. Zolengedwa monga achule ndi salamanders amadziwika kuti amadya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akangaude. Amati nyama zodya zam'mimbamo nthawi zambiri amadya cholengedwa chilichonse chokwanira kuti chimame chonse. Zoyala zazing'ono, monga njoka ndi abuluzi, zimadyanso akangaude, ngakhale mitundu ikuluikulu ikadumphira kangaudeyu m'malo mwa chakudya chachikulu,
• ozungulira ndi ma coyotes. Ngakhale akangaude a nkhandwe ndi arachnids, ali pafupi ndi tizilombo, motero nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati agwape. Tizilombo tating'onoli timafunikira chakudya chambiri kuti tisunge mphamvu. Nthawi zina ma Coyote amadya akangaude,
• mbalame. Ngakhale mbalame zina zimakonda mbewu ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mbalame zina zimakonda kudya nyama. Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, kuphatikizapo kadzidzi ndi ma hummingbird - elves, ndizomwe zimadyera kangaude. Ma arachnid sogwiritsa ntchito ma capubs, chifukwa chake amayenera kupita kukasaka ndi kukapeza chakudya, chomwe chimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo choukira kuchokera kumwamba.

Ngati kangaude wakakamizidwa kuti amenyane, amaluma adani ake ndi nsagwada zazikulu. Ngati wakumana ndi imfa, ali wokonzeka kupereka ngakhale mwendo wake kuti apulumuke, ngakhale kutaya mwendo kumawapangitsa kuti achepetse komanso asatetezedwe mtsogolo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Spider Wolf Poison

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya kangaude wam'madzi ali ndi mitundu yokhazikika. Amakhala mdziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, ena, monga kangaude wa m'chipululu wochokera ku Portugal ndi kangaude waku Adelocosa akuwala kuchokera pachilumba cha Kauai m'malo azisumbu aku Hawaii, ali pangozi. Kufanana kwa kangaude wamphawi ndi kangaude wowopsa wa karakurt kudapangitsa kuti anthu ayambe kuwononga nyumbayo akangowona mkati mwa nyumba yawo ngakhale itakhala pafupi ndi nyumba yawo.

Izi arachnid ziyenera kugwiridwa mosamala, chifukwa zimatha kukhala kangaude ndipo akangaude mazana ambiri amatha kuthawa mayi wophwanyika pafupi ndi nyumba.

Kuluma kwa kangaude kumatha kukhala kowawa, koma osati koopsa kwa anthu athanzi labwino. Izi ndichifukwa choti poizoniyo amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa za neurotoxic, sizimayambitsa mavuto ambiri. Komabe, anthu omvera, monga ana, okalamba, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chazovuta, amatha kukhala ndi vuto. Chifukwa chake, ngati ana kapena anthu okalamba amakhala mnyumbamo, mutha kuchita zingapo kuti muchepetse matenda a nkhandwe:

• yeretsani mbeu mozungulira mphepete mwa nyumbayo,
• chotsani zinyalala pabwalo, monga mitengo yakugwa, miyala ndi milingo yamatabwa,
• tsekani ming'alu iliyonse kapena mabowo mkati mwa nyumba ndikuzungulira mawindo ndi zitseko,
• kuti muchepetse kuwunikira kwakunja, chifukwa kuwalako kumakopa tizilombo zomwe akangaude amakonda kudya,
• ngati kangaude walowa mnyumbayo, gwiritsani ntchito chisindikizo kuti muwononge.

Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, nkhandwe ya kangaude sizowopseza anthu ena. Ngakhale kuti amafulumira kusaka nyama yawo, samaluma anthu pokhapokha atakwiya.Mukakumana ndi kangaude wa nkhandwe, chidwi chake choyamba chidzakhala kubwezera. Komabe, ngati mumthamangitsa kapena kuyesa kum'kola, kangaudeyo akuwopsezedwa ndipo pamakhala mwayi wina woti abwezere kumbuyo.

Sinthani Masinthidwe

Kwenikweni, achibale ali ndi maso asanu ndi atatu, omwe adapangidwa m'mizere itatu: mzere woyamba (wotsika) umakhala ndi maso anayi ang'ono, wachiwiri (wapakati) umakhala ndi maso akulu awiri, mzere wachitatu (wapamwamba) umakhala ndi maso awiri omwe ali kumbali ndi kukwera pang'ono kuposa ma avareji.

Masomphenya a akangaude awa ali ndi gawo lofunikira. Kupatula apo, mothandizidwa ndi akangaude ake a nkhandwe, amapeza nyama, ngakhale fungo la akangaude awa limapangidwanso. Amakhulupirira kuti akangaude a nkhandwe amawona agalu awo ali mtunda wa 20 mpaka 30 cm, koma osiyanitsa mawonekedwe.

Mawanga am'madzi ndi osungulumwa. Amayendayenda kuzungulira gawo lawolo kufunafuna chakudya kapena kukhala ndi ma mink, okhala m'matumbo okhala ndi zingwe zamtambo, ndikuwasiyira usiku kuti azisaka tizilombo kapena akangaude ena ang'onoang'ono. Molunjika ngati misampha, akangaude awa samakhalira intaneti.

Zakudya Zosangalatsa

Akangaude a nkhandwe amadyera kwambiri nsikidzi, komanso amakana kudya ntchentche, akangaude ang'onoang'ono, mphutsi zazomera ndi masika a mvula. Akangaude omwe akukhala minks kusaka usiku, koma, atakhala munkhokwe, siwosangalatsa kugwira kachilombo komwe kanayamba kale. Mitundu yosochera ya kangaudeyu, yomwe imagwira nyama yambiri, imalumphira kwa wogwidwa ndikugwira mtsogolo. Asanalumphe, kangaudeyu amakhala ndi inshuwaransi ndikumangirira intaneti komwe kulumikizidwe.

Kusintha Kusintha

Matani a mitundu yokhala m'malo otentha amapezeka chilimwe, ndi mitundu yotentha - chaka chonse.

Ubwenzi wa nkhandwe umayamba ndi kutumiza kwa ziphaso ndi zamphongo kuti zikope chidwi cha mkazi. Wamphongo amawongolera kutsogolo kwake ndikufikira mnzake. Ngati wamphongo akufuna wamkazi, amatembenukira kwa wamphongoyo, ndikupukutira kutsogolo kwake, ndipo mwamunayo amadzuka kumbuyo kwake, pambuyo pake kupatsirana. Wamphongo amabweretsa umuna mu maliseche achikazi pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lachiberekero, cymbium, lomwe lili kumapeto kwa malembedwe achimuna. Kuti mwamunayo agwirizane ndi mkaziyo, amamuthandiza pomutembenuzira pamimba.

Akakhwima, mkaziyo amafufuza ngodya yokhayokha yomwe amaluka ikoko komwe angaikire mazira. Pambuyo pakuikira mazira, mkaziyo amakulunga coco m'magulu ena angapo kuti amveke. Mkati wamtunduwu wa akazi umavala sabata lotsatira la 2-3 kumapeto kwa mimbayo, komwe umakhala wolimba.

Kusintha Kwa Makanda Osintha

Pakupita milungu ingapo, akangaude ayamba kubwadamuka. Kuwona izi, wamkazi amaponyera mpira ndikuwuphwanya ndi chelicera. Akangaude oswedwa ali makope ang'ono a amayi awo. Pambuyo pa kukoloweka, njirayo imatenga ana aang'onowo kumimba kwake ndikuwanyamula kufikira atatha kupeza chakudya chokha. Wamkazi amatha kunyamula akangaude makumi anayi pamimba pake, monga mitundu ya genus imachitira Pardosampaka zana, ngati mtundu Lycosa. Pangakhale akangaude ambiri onyamulidwa ndi achikazi kotero kuti maso ake okha ndi omwe angakhalire malo omasuka.

Akangaude a nkhandwe amakonda kudekha, koma ngati amasokonezedwa nthawi zonse, amathanso kuluma. Kuluma kangaude sikuli konse koopsa, koma nthawi zina kumayambitsa kuyabwa, kufiira, kapena kupweteka kwakanthawi. Komabe, kulumidwa kwa mitundu yotentha ya akangaude a nkhandwe nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kupweteka kwakutalika, kutupa, chizungulire, kuchuluka kwa mtima ndi nseru. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala. M'mbuyomu, kuluma kwina kudachitika ndi mitundu ingapo ya ku South America, koma kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti zovuta zomwe zidachitikazo ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kulumidwa ndi mamembala a mabanja ena a kangaude. Mabala a Necrotic adalumikizananso ndi akangaude a nkhandwe ku Australia, koma kafukufuku wambiri awonetsanso kuti kulumidwa ndi akangaude a nkhandwe sikubweretsa izi.

Popeza akangaude a nkhandwe ali ndi kufanana kwake ndi kangaude wazakudya zoononga banja Loxoscelidaeakuphedwa. Nthawi zina akangaude amisala amayenda m'nyumba za anthu.