Ndi dzina losadziwika bwanji - mlembi mbalame! Kodi nchifukwa ninji imatchedwa mbalame yosangalatsa, malo ake omwe ndi njira yotentha ya ku Africa? Adadzipatsa dzina lokondweretsa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino ndi nthenga zakuda zitakhomera kumbuyo kwake, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi alembi ndi ma bailiff akale omwe ankakonda kukongoletsa mawigi awo ndi nthenga zakuda zakuda. Mokulira, kuchuluka kwa mbalameyo kumakhala ndi mtundu wamaso akhungu, malo amtundu wa lalanje amawoneka kuchokera pamlomo mpaka m'maso.
Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu ndi kupitirira mita kuposa kulemera komwe kulipo (pafupifupi 4 makilogalamu), ndipo amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi. Mapikowo amayambira ku 1.2 mpaka 1.35 mita. Mutu wawung'ono pakhosi lalitali, mlomo wa imvi, thupi ngati chiwombankhanga komanso miyendo yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi zala zazifupi ndi zikhadabo zakadumphira pa izo ndizizindikiro zazikulu zakunja kwa mzimayi waku Africa, kuyiyang'ana kumbali kungapereke chithunzi choti wayimirira.
Kodi mbalame yakaleti imakhala kuti?
Yofotokozedwera koyamba mu 1783 ndi katswiri wazam'madzi, a Johann Germany, mbalame yosangalatsa ngati iyi imakonda kukhala malo obisika komanso otentha ku sultry, ku Africa kotentha. Amakonda madera omwe ali ndi chivundikiro chochepa cha udzu, chomwe chimawonetsa bwino maderawo, m'nkhalango zowirira komanso m'chipululu chenicheni, mbalame yokhala ndi moyo sichikhala.
Akuluakulu amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, nthawi zambiri m'magulu komanso m'modzi. Nthawi zina amatha kusonkhana m'magulu akulu omwe amatayika mwachangu, pafupi ndi malo othirira kapena ndi chakudya chambiri.
Amaganiza kuti mbalame zanyumba ndizosankha nthawi zonse ndipo zimapanga awiriawiri moyo. Kubereka kungachitike chaka chonse, koma nthawi yayitali kuyambira nthawi ya Ogasiti mpaka Marichi. Nthawi yakukhwima, yomwe imachitika nthawi yamvula (Ogasiti-Seputembala), imakhala yogwira ntchito, chifukwa yamphongo imasamalira zazikazi kulikonse: pansi komanso mlengalenga, kuyesera kukwaniritsa malo ake. Panthawi yakukhwima yomwe ikuchitika pansi (pang'ono pamitengo), alendo samaloleza alendo kulowa gawo lawo.
Moyo wabanja
Onsewa amatenga nawo mbali pomanga chisa. Mbalame zili ndi malo awo okhala, opangidwa ndi nthambi zokhala ndi udzu wambiri (manyowa, ubweya, etc.) pansi ndikufanana ndi nsanja yotalika mpaka mamitala 2,5 mawonekedwe, nthawi zambiri pamtengo wapamwamba wa mitengo yazipatso, nthawi zambiri pamitengo ya mthethe. Chaka chilichonse, banja lomwe silimagawikana ndipo nthawi zonse limayesetsa kukhala m'magulu amaso amtundu wina, limabwereranso ku chisa chakale kuti chitha kubereka, kusiya zolowa zokhazokha ngati unyinji wa wotsirizayo uzikhala woopsa ndipo pali ngozi ya chisa kugwa pansi.
Kubwera kwa mbalame zachinyamata zachinsinsi
Mu clutch kumachitika ndi pafupipafupi masiku 2-3, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 mazira oyera a buluu okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Makulitsidwe amayamba kuyambira pomwe anaikira dzira loyamba. Makulitsidwe ambiri amachitidwa ndi wamkazi, theka lamphamvu panthawiyi likufunafuna dona wake. Pakatha milungu 8, mwana woyamba amatuluka, kenako wachiwiri. Lachitatu (malinga ngati panali mazira atatu mu clutch) mulibe mwayi, ndipo amwalira ndi njala, chifukwa chifukwa chofooka sangapikisane ndi abale ake patsogolo pake pakukula mu chisa.
Mbalame zazing'ono zolembera, zomwe kukula kwake kumayenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi mutu wotalikirana kwambiri ndi thupi. Ana awo, amadzuka okha pakatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi, kuyesa kupitilira chisa ali ndi miyezi iwiri, kukhalabe m'manja mwa makolo pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe amadya nyama yokhazikika, yomwe akulu amapezera.
Secretary bird: Zosangalatsa
Masana, mbalame yolembera, yomwe imagwira maola angapo dzuwa litatuluka, imayenda mpaka 30 km, imayenda nthawi yomweyo mwachangu (makamaka ikagwira nyama), imawuluka ngati ikufunikira, osati yoipa mokwanira, chifukwa izi zimafunikira kuthamanga. M'mphindi zoyambirira zokweza mlengalenga, kuthawa kwa alembi kumawoneka ngati kovuta, koma kumverera kumeneku kumasinthidwa ndi kupepuka ndi kukongola pamene mukukwera. Mbalame ya mlembi imatha kuwuluka mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali. Amakonda kugona ndi kupuma pamitengo kapena tchire lalitali. Kwakukulu, moyo wam'madzi wamtchire ndiwokhala, umangoyendayenda chifukwa chosowa chakudya.
Mbalame ya mlembi ndi ya nyama zodya nyama zomwe zimadya kwambiri, zomwe zambiri zimakhala ndi ma arthropod (akangaude, ziwala, kafadala ndi zinkhanira), zolengedwa zazing'ono zazimuna (mbewa, makoswe, hedgehogs, nthawi zina hare ndi mongooses). Zakudya zabwino za mbalamezi zimaphatikizaponso mazira, anapiye, akamba ang'ono ndi amphibians. Olembera samadya njoka zaululu nthawi zambiri, koma ndi chifukwa cha mtunduwu kuti anthu aku Africa amalemekeza ndi kulemekeza mbalameyi, yolemekezedwa ndikuwonetsedwa m'manja mwa Sudan ndi South Africa.
Kusaka ngati njira yayikulu yazakudya
Kusaka mbalame ya mlembi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakonda komanso zofunika kuti zikhalepo, momwe zimawonetsera mitundu yambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti asocheretse njokayo, imathamanga, ndikusintha mayendedwe ake, kutsatsa chidwi kwa otsiriza motere.
Pofunafuna nyama, mbalame yokhala m'mlembi imagwirizanitsa malo otseguka, pamaso pa udzu wamtali komanso wandiweyani imatambasulira mapiko ake, ndikuwomba m'manja, ikukakamiza kuti idze. Ndipo pali kungoyesera pang'ono ndi kumeza wozunzidwa, malinga ndi kukula kwake kakang'ono, kapena kulimbana mukakumana ndi chithunzi chokulirapo. Mwakutero, mbalame yolembayo imagwiritsa ntchito mlomo ndi miyendo yake, kuyesera kudyola nyama ndi kuipha mwamphamvu.
Anthu akuluakulu alibe adani achilengedwe, zomwe sizinganenedwe za anapiye awo. Zisa zazikulu zotseguka nthawi zambiri zimawonongedwa ndi kadzidzi komanso akhwangwala aku Africa.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Secretary bird Ndi gawo la banja la alembi ndi gulu lankhondo, kutanthauza kuti, kwa olosera masana. Mbalame yachilendoyi ndi mdani woopsa kwambiri wa njoka, kutengera kwake konse, kwa mbewa, makoswe, achule.
Ndiye kuti, wodzipereka weniweni wachilengedwe amateteza alimi onse. Mwachilengedwe, m'malo okhala mlembi, mbalameyi imasangalala ndi kutchuka komanso chikondi. Alimi ena amakonda kuswana mbalame zotere.
Koma pachokha, alembi amakonda kukhazikika patali ndi munthu. Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri - kutalika kwa thupi lake imafikira masentimita 150, ndipo mapiko ake ndiopitilira 2m. Komabe, kulemera kwake sikokwanira kwambiri kukula kwamtundu wotere - makilogalamu 4 okha.
Pa chithunzichi mutha kuwona kuti mbalame yolemberayo singadzitame chifukwa cha utoto wowala, maimidwe amtunduwo amakhala akuda kumka mchira wawo ndikusandulika wakuda. Pafupi ndi maso, mpaka pakamwa, pakhungu sikakutidwa ndi nthenga, ndiye kuti mtunduwo ndi wofiyira.
Koma mbalameyi ili ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri. Ndiwothamanga wopambana kwambiri, kuthamanga kwake kumatha kufika 30 km / h ndi pamwamba. Osati zokhazo, popanda kuthamanga koyambirira, sangathe kuchoka nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuthamanga. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kukhala ndi miyendo yayitali chotere kumayenera kukhala ndi khosi lalitali lofananalo, chifukwa kakhiridwe ndi heron kamakhala ndi kapangidwe koterepi.
Koma mbalame - mlembi sizofanana ndi iwo. Mutu wake uli ngati chiwombankhanga. Awa ndi maso akulu, ndi mulomo woluka. Zowona, kufanana komweko kumaphwanyidwa ndi kupendekera kwapadera kwa nthenga zingapo. Ndi chifukwa cha iwo kuti mbalameyo idatchedwa dzina. Ndikumva zowawa kuti mawonekedwewa amafanana ndi nthenga za tsekwe zomwe alembi am'mbuyomu adazunguliridwa ndi mawigi. Inde, ndipo gawo lalikulu la mbalameyo limathandizira dzinali.
Mbalame - Mlembi amakhala M'madera aku Africa. Dera lake ndi dera lonse kuyambira ku Sahara kupita ku South Africa. Kwambiri, amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala ndi udzu wochepa, momwe udzu waukulu sungabalalikiridwe, chifukwa chake kusaka kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Chifukwa cha miyendo yake yayitali, mbalame imamva bwino pansi, chifukwa chake imakhala nthawi yayitali pano. Olembawo amakhala momasuka pansi kotero kuti nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti sizingawuluke konse. Koma sichoncho. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame youluka m'madzi imatha kuwoneka ikuyenda pamwamba pa chisa chake nyengo yakukhwima. M'nthawi yonseyo, mbalameyi imakongola popanda kukwera kumwamba.
Mbalame zimayenda mtunda wautali kukafunafuna chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, banjali, lomwe limapangidwa kamodzi kokha kwa moyo wonse, limayesetsa kukhala oyandikana. Mwa njira, kukhulupirika wina ndi mnzake ndi chinthu china chowonekera cha alembi. Sali ndi chidwi chofuna kusintha abwenzi awo moyo wawo wonse.
Awiriwa amakhala mdera linalake, lomwe limateteza mwachangu kubwera kwa alendo. Nthawi zina, pofuna kuteteza gawo lake, wina amayenera kumenya nkhondo, pomwe amuna onse amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo yolimba, yokhazikika. Pambuyo pa zosamalira masana (ndipo tsiku lomwe mbalame imatha kuyenda mpaka 30 km), alembi amagona pamakona a mitengo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mbalame ya mlembi ndiyabwino kuposa anthu onse amene amadyera anzawo omwe adazolowera kusaka pansi. Pali nthano za kususuka kwa mbalamezi. Tsiku lina, njoka zitatu, abuluzi 4, ndi akambuku 21 apezeka mu mlembi wamkulu. Zakudya za mlembi zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa dzombe ndi zovala zina mpaka njoka zazikulu zapoizoni.
Mwa njira, kusaka kwa njoka kumawonetsa mbalame - mlembi, osati monga wolosera mwamphamvu, komanso ngati msaki wanzeru kwambiri. Mbalame ikaona njoka, imayamba kuukira, kuyesera kuti mlenjeyo alume ndi chakupha chake.
Mlembi amenya adani onse ndi njoka yotseguka, amabisalira kumbuyo ngati chishango. Duwa loterolo limatha kukhala nthawi yayitali, pamapeto pake, mbalameyo imasankha nthawi yomwe imakanikiza mochenjera mutu wa njokayo pansi ndikupha mdaniyo ndi mlomo wamphamvu. Mwa njira, mbalameyi imatha kuphwanya chipolopolo ndi miyendo ndi mulomo.
Secretary bird adagwira njoka
Pofuna kugwira nyama yaying'ono ndi yayikulu, mlembi amakhala ndi misampha. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, poyambira kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku kuzungulira gawo, mbalameyo imakutumula mapiko ake, imapanga phokoso lambiri, chifukwa cha yomwe makoswe amantha amatuluka kuchokera mnyumba ndikuthawa. Chifukwa chake amadzipereka, koma amalephera kuthawa miyendo ya mbalame yothamanga.
Kukutira kwamapiko sikumakhala kowopsa, mbalameyo imatha kupondaponda kumapazi okayikitsa, ndiye kuti palibe mbendera yomwe singayime nayo. Mfundo inanso yosangalatsa. Pali moto m'misewu yam'madzi, pomwe aliyense amabisala ndikuthawa, kuphatikizapo ozunzidwa ndi mbalameyo, mlembi.
Chifukwa sathawa ndipo sabisala, amasaka nthawi iyi. Mopanda kulanda amatenga ndodo za moto. Ndipo pakalibe wina woti adzagwire, mbalameyo imawuluka mosavuta pamzere wamoto, kuyenda pamtunda woyaka ndikudya nyama zowotchedwa kale.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Nthawi yobereketsa mbalamezi zimatengera nthawi yamvula. Ndi munthawi yamatchi pomwe amphongo amawonetsa kukongola konse kothawira kwawo komanso mphamvu ya zingwe zolankhula. Kuvina kumayamba, pomwe amphongo amayendetsa wamkazi patsogolo pake. Mwambo wonse utatha, banjali limapita kukamanga chisa.
Pakakhala kuti palibe chomwe chikudetsa banjali, ndipo chisa sichikuwonongeka, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chofunikira chisa chatsopano, amangolimbitsa ndikukulitsa chisa chomwe chidamangidwa kale. Chisa chizikhala chachikulu, m'mimba mwake chimafikira 1, 5 metres, ndipo chisa chakale chimatha kufika 2 kapena mamita.
Apa ndi pomwe mkazi amakhala kuyambira mazira 1 mpaka 3. Ndipo pakatha mwezi ndi theka, anapiye amabadwa. Nthawi yonseyi yamphongo idyetsa mayi, ndipo mwana akabadwa, makolo onse awiri amasamalira khosalo. Choyamba, anapiyewo amapatsidwa zakudya kuchokera kwa nyama yopendedwa, kenako amayamba kudya nyama yokha.
Amayi a mlembi mbalame ndi anapiye
Pakatha milungu 11 anapiyewo kuti akhale olimba, imani pamapiko ndikutha kusiya chisa. Ndipo zisanachitike, amaphunzira kuchokera kwa makolo awo kusaka, kutengera zizolowezi ndi malamulo azikhalidwe, kuwaonera. Tsoka likachitika, ndipo anapiyewo atuluka chisa asanaphunzire kuwuluka, amayenera kuphunzira kukhala padziko lapansi - kubisala mumtambo kwa adani, kuthawa, kubisala.
Ndipo ngakhale makolo ake akupitiliza kumudyetsa padziko lapansi, mwana wankhuku wotere samatha kukhalanso ndi moyo - anapiye osatetezeka amakhala ndi adani ochulukirapo m'chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha izi, anapiye atatu, nthawi zambiri amatsalira. Izi ndizochepa. Inde ndipo moyo woyembekezera mbalame - mlembi osati wamkulu kwambiri, mpaka zaka 12 zokha.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Chifukwa chake, ndichabwino kuyambira kuti mbalame yachilendoyi imakhala ku Africa kokha. Popeza mbalame yolembera si mbalame yosamukira, sizipezeka kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi ku vivo. Ku Africa, mbalame yodabwitsayi imatha kupezeka kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara komanso mpaka kum'mwera kwa Africa.
Kuti zikhale komwe amakhala, mbalame yojambulayo imasankha madera obisika ndi mitengo yomwe siimakonda kukula. Munkhalango sizingatheke kukumana naye chifukwa cha zina zachilendo za mbalame zachilendozi. Tidzakambirana zinthu izi mtsogolo.
Maonekedwe a Secretary bird
Secretary bird - woimira yekha wa banja la alembi, mbalame zamtundu wa Hawk. Poyang'ana chithunzi chonyadira cha mbalame yodabwitsayi yokhala ndi mlomo wolimba wolimba, imodzi imakumbukira mosaganizira ziwombankhanga, agalu, abodza.
Kukula kwa mbalame yam'manja ndikosangalatsa. Kutalika kwake kumafikira mita 1.5, ndipo mapikowo amakhala pafupifupi mita 2! Koma ndi kuchuluka kopatsa chidwi kotero, kulemera kwakukulu kumachokera ku ma kilogalamu 4. Mbalame yachilendoyi, yomwe ili ndi deta yotereyi, imawoneka yokongola kwambiri komanso yodumphika pomwe imadutsa mumsewu posaka nyama.
Maonekedwe a mbalame zodabwitsa kwambiri. Imayamba ndikuyera ndipo pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuda mchira. Mtunduwu umafanana ndi chovala chaulembi cha alembi omwe adakhala m'mabwalo kale. Chodabwitsa kwambiri cha mbalame zachilendozi ndi nthenga zazitali zakuda zingapo zomwe zikutuluka pamutu, zomwe zimatuluka nthawi yakukhwima.
Ndipo munthawi zachilendo ndimakumbukira kwambiri nthenga za tsekwe, kalonga adakhala kumbuyo kwa khutu lake. Kwenikweni pamisonkhano iyi, mbalame yachilendoyi inkatchedwa mbalame yolemba. Pamutu pamalo amaso, khungu limakhala lopanda maula ndipo limawoneka loyambirira kwambiri. Khungu m'malo awa ndi lalanje, omwe amapatsa kukongola kowonjezera. Maso a mbalame yakale, akuluakulu komanso owoneka bwino, amakopanso chidwi. Mbalame yodabwitsayi imatha kuona bwino kwambiri, kuilola kuti ilandire nyama yake.
Tiyeneranso kuganizira momwe miyendo ikufotokozera. Awa ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri, yopyapyala, koma nthawi yomweyo yamphamvu kwambiri, yokutidwa ndi mamba yolimba kwambiri yomwe imateteza bwino mbalame ya mbalameyi kulumidwa ndi njoka zapoizoni zomwe mbalame yodabwitsayi imagwiritsa ntchito. Kupatula apo, kudziwa kuuluka kwa mlembi-wa mbalame kumakhala pafupifupi nthawi yake yonse padziko lapansi, kumangoyenda osaka nyama.
Kuphatikiza apo, zala zakumapazi zimatha ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zamphamvu zomwe zimatembenuza miyendo ya mbalame yachilendoyi kukhala chida chakupha. Tilankhulanso zambiri za njira zosakira mbalame za mlembi kuti zizisunganso zoopsa kwambiri pambuyo pake.
Mlembi Wamoyo Wam'mlengalenga
Mbalame ya mlembi ndi wadyera-ngati.Chifukwa chake, amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, mokhazikika akutsata nyama. Koma amagona usiku pamitengo.
Mutha kuwona kuuluka kwa mbalame yojambulira nthawi yakukhwima ndi kuswa mazira.
Mokondweretsa, kuti atuluke, mbalame yojambulayo imayenera kuthamanga. Chifukwa chake, mbalame yosazolowereka imakhala m'malo otseguka, kupewa m'nkhalango zowirira.
Ndikofunika kunena padera kuti mbalame yolembetsa imasiyana ndi abale ena chifukwa chodzipereka kwambiri kwa mnzake.
Monga lamulo, maanja amapanga nthawi yoyamba kukhwima komanso moyo. Mbalame ya mlembi ilibe malo okhalamo. Pofufuza chakudya, iye amangoyendayenda mtunda wautali.
Secretary mbalame kuswana
Monga tanena kale, mbalame yolembayo ndi yokhulupirika kwambiri kwa bwenzi lomwe imasankha nthawi yoyamba kukhwima. Ndipo ubale wa mbalame yachilendo ndi wosankhidwayo sukusokonezeka kwa moyo wake wonse. Nyengo yakubala ya mbalame yolembera imalumikizidwa ndi nyengo yamvula. Pakusaka bwenzi, yamphongo imakhala ngati ikuuluka, ikukopa njirayo ndi njira yofanizira.
Kupanga chisa kumachitika limodzi. Chidacho chili pamwamba pa mitengo ndi korona. Chisa cha ndodo ndi nthambi zikumangidwa. Dongosolo lake limafikira mita imodzi ndi theka. Yaikazi imayikira mazira akuluakulu ndikuyamba kuswa ana pafupifupi masiku 45. Nthawi yonseyi, champhongo chimakhala pafupi, chikuwonetsa chisamaliro chokhudza mayi wamtsogolo, kumuteteza kwa adani, komanso kubweretsa nyama kuti izidyetsa mnzake.
Ana obadwira kudziko lapansi amakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu chisa, ndikupeza mphamvu zoyambira payekha. Makolo awo amadyera limodzi, woyamba kubzala nyama yosiidwa, kenako amabweretsa ana kwa nyama ndikuzolowera nyama yatsopano.
Pomaliza
Mbalame ya mlembi yomwe tidakumana nayo lero imakondedwa ndikulemekezedwa ndi anthu amderali chifukwa cha luso lake lachilendo. Kupatula apo, mbalame yodabwitsayi ndi nkhonya yoopsa ya njoka zapoizoni, kupulumutsa anthu amderali kwa zolengedwa zoopsa zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi nyumba. Amayesanso kubereka mbalameyi makamaka pamafamu kuti athane ndi njoka zapoizoni zosafunikira.
Mwa anthu okhala ku Africa, amadziona ngati mbalame yabwino kwambiri. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti mbalame yolembayo imawonetsedwa pamaluko aku mikono aku South Africa ndi Sudan. Amayimira mphamvu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatetezedwa kwa adani.
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame
Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumachokera ku 125 mpaka 155 cm, kulemera kwake kumafikira 4 kg. Mapiko a mapiko ali pafupifupi masentimita 210. Kusiyana kwina kwa mbalame zina ndi nthenga zakuda pamutu, zomwe zimatuluka nthawi yakusamba.
Mwambiri, mawonekedwe a mbalameyo ndi achilendo kwambiri. Ali ndi mutu wawung'ono, mlomo wofiirira, khosi lalitali, komanso thupi lamphamvu, ngati chiwombankhanga. Mbalame ya mlembi imasiyanitsidwa ndi miyendo yake yayitali kwambiri, yomwe imatha ndi zala zazifupi zokhala ndi zikhadabo zonenepa. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalameyi imawoneka ngati ikuyenda paziyala.
Zambiri za mbalame yakalembedwe m'khosi ndi m'mimba zimakhala imvi, zomwe zimayamba kuda pafupi ndi mchira. Palibe nthenga pafupi ndi maso ndipo kwa mulomo ndi khungu lalanje kumawonekera.
Makhalidwe Abwino a Secretary bird
Nyama ikuluikulu ya mbalamezi ndi njoka, ngakhale za poizoni ngati cobra, komanso amphibians, abuluzi, tizilombo, zolengedwa zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi mbalame.
Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zomwe zimadya nyama, mlembi samayang'ana nyama yake kuchokera mlengalenga, samagwira wozungulirayo ndi miyendo yake ndipo satambata matebwe ake. Secretary bird amasaka yekha pansi. Amagwira zazikazi zazing'ono ndi mlomo wake, zazikuluzikulu amavala ndi miyendo yake yolimba. Mphamvu ya miyendo ya mbalame yojambulitsa imamupangitsa kuti azimenya ngakhale zipolopolo za akamba am'modzi.
Pakusaka kwa njoka, nyama yolusa imeneyi imathamanga pansi, ikuwombera mapiko ake mokweza, chifukwa nyama yomwe imangodziyang'anira imadzipatula ndikuyesera. Mlembi wa mbalameyo amagwira nyama yosokoneza ndikusuntha komanso kuwomba mkamwa mwam'maso kumamupha.
Njokayo ikayamba kudzitchinjiriza, ndiye kuti mbalame imatha kupewa kuluma mochenjera ndikusankha mphindi kuti ikagwire. Pakulimbana kotere, mlembi amagwiritsa ntchito imodzi ya mapiko ofala ngati chishango. Nkhondo zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala nthawi yayitali, koma mlembi amawasiyira wopambana. Chifukwa cha maluso otere, mbalame yolembayo ndi yotchuka monga yowononga njoka.
Secretary bird ndi owoneka bwino kwambiri. Asayansi kamodzi adatha kupeza akambuku ang'ono 21, abuluzi anayi, njoka zitatu ndi kuchuluka kwa dzombe mwa gogging ya munthu wamkulu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, moto waukulu ndi woopsa wazamoyo zonse umapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Africa. Zikatero, mbalame zimayesa kuwuluka pamoto, ankhandwe ndi adani zimathawa, abuluzi, akambuku ndi njoka zimabisala m'maenje.
Kufalikira kwa mbalame
Mbalame ya mlembayi ili paliponse ku Africa, komwe amakhala kuchokera kumwera kwa Sahara mpaka ku South Africa. Kwa moyo wonse, nyama yolusa imasankha mapondedwe ndi mapiri a nkhalango - savannas, omwe amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Sudani ndi Senegal mpaka ku Cape.
Secretary Secretary omwe amakhala kumwera kwa kontinentali amakhala. Anthu okhala kumpoto ndi mbalame zosamukira.
Amakhala komwe amakhala mu Juni, nthawi yamvula, kenako mu Julayi amapiye, ndipo kuyambira Disembala mpaka Januwale, kukachitika chilala, amawuluka kumwera. Mbalame zanyumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu kuti zisawononge zisa zawo.
Secretary mbalame kuswana
Mbalame zokhala ndi malemu monogamous zimapanga banja kwa moyo wawo ndipo zimakhulupirika. Kupanga kwa awiriwa kumatsatiridwa ndi mwambo wosangalatsa waukwati. Wamphongo, posamalira mkazi amene amamukonda, amamuwonetsa iye ngati ndege yowoneka ngati mafunde yomwe amalira mokweza, monga kubuula. Pambuyo pothawa, yamphongo imakhala pafupi ndi yaikaziyo, natsegula mapiko ake ndikumuyitanitsa kuvina kophatikizana.
Chidacho chimakonzedwa ndi onse awiri pamodzi, pamwamba pa prickly acacias kapena pamiyala yothina ya mitengo ina kutalika kwa 6 m pamwamba padziko lapansi. Chisa cha mbalame yojambulidwa ndi mawonekedwe osachedwa kupindika a nthambi, kuchokera mkati mwa mbalamezo chimazungulira ndi udzu wofewa.
Ngati malo okhalamo zadontho, ndiye kuti banjali limabwererako chaka ndi chaka, kukonzanso ndikumanga chisa chake chakale. Kutalika kwa chisa chakunyengo chimenecho kumafikira mamita 2. Kutengera nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya, alembi amatha kusintha malo awo okhala.
Yaikazi imayikira mazira awiri mpaka atatu amtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi masiku angapo. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi iwiri. Ming'alu ya mbalame yolembera imabadwa yokutidwa ndi choyera kapena choyera cha imvi. Makolo amadyetsa ana, kuyamwa anapiye chakudya chokhacho.
Anapiyewo akamakula, makolowo amayamba kuwabweretsera chakudya. Mu chisa, ana amakhala kuyambira masiku 75 mpaka 85. Pakadali pano, nthawi zambiri amatuluka kuchokera mchisa kuti aphunzire kuuluka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Ngakhale kuti anthu akumaloko amalemekeza mlembi wa mbalamezi pakuthandizira kupha njoka, komabe, sizowopsa kuwononga zisa zawo.
Onjezerani izi kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwa anapiye ndi kufalikira kwa malo okhala chifukwa kudula mitengo ndi kulima kwa malo a anthu - zidachitika kuti mbalameyi idawopsa. Mu 1968, Msonkhano Wachilengedwe wa Africa for Conservation of Nature unateteza mbalame ija.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za mbalame
- Ku South Africa, mbalame yokhala ngati mlembi imadziwika kuti ndi yamtundu wabwino, chithunzi chake chimayikidwa pa chovala mikono ya South Africa, pomwe mbalameyo imapakidwa ndi mapiko otambalala, chomwe chiri chisonyezo cha kupambana kwa mtundu waku South Africa kuposa adani ake. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mapiko ake otseguka, mlembi amateteza dziko lake. Chithunzi cha mbalame yakulembapo chimayikidwanso pamalaya aku mikono aku Sudan.
- Nthawi yakudyaku, yamphongo imateteza gawo lake mosamala. Mlendo aliyense amene amayesa kuyandikira chisa, mbalameyo imamenya ndi kumenya miyendo yake yamphamvu ndikuthamangitsa.
- Kudyetsa ana, mlembi amapeza masewera akulu, omwe amakhala ochepa nthawi. Mbalameyo imabisala wophedwayo pansi pa tchire, ndipo imabwerera momwe ikafunikira. Chifukwa chosowa chakudya m'madambo akuda a ku Africa, alembi amatha kutulutsa thukuta limodzi.
- Kwa anthu, mbalame yakalembedwe ndi yofunika chifukwa imadyera tizirombo. Alimi aku South Africa adaberekera mbalamezi kuma famu awo kuteteza nkhuku ku njoka komanso kuwononga makoswe. Olembera achichepere ndizosavuta kuzimeza ndipo amakhala momasuka pafupi ndi munthu.
- Mwachilengedwe, anthu akuluakulu amapewa mbalame yolemba anthu. Ikafika kwa mbalame, imachoka pomwepo ndi masitepe akuluakulu ndi opupuluma, ndikuthamanga kenako nkunyamuka. Poyamba, kuthawa kwa mlembi kumakhala kovuta, koma pamalo okwera kumakhala kosangalatsa, ndikuwuluka.
Ara parrot
Dzina lachi Latin: | Sagittarius snakearius |
Chizungu: | Ikufotokozedwa |
Ufumu: | Nyama |
Lembani: | Chordate |
Gulu: | Mbalame |
Kufikira: | Zosakhala ngati zakuba |
Banja: | Secretary mbalame |
Chifundo: | Secretary mbalame |
Kutalika kwa thupi: | 125-155 cm |
Kutalika kwa mapiko: | Ikufotokozedwa |
Wingspan: | 210 cm |
Kulemera: | 4000 g |