Raccoon Rakoyed, yemwe amatchedwanso aguara, kapena Rakoyed (Procyon cancrivorus) - mamalia a mtundu wa raccoon (Procyon), banja la raccoon (Procyonidae)okhala munkhalango ndi malo oderera a Central ndi South America (kuphatikiza Trinidad ndi Tobago). Aguara imapezeka kuchokera ku Costa Rica kumwera kudutsa madera ambiri a South America komanso kummawa kuchokera ku Andes mpaka kumpoto kwa Argentina ndi Uruguay. Dzinali raccoon-crustacean sizitanthauza kuti nyamayi imangodya ma crustaceans okha.
Kufotokozera
Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamunthu kwammimbamo kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kuyambira 3 mpaka 7 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 54-65, mchirawo ndi kutalika kwa 25-38 cm. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi.
Ubweya pakhosi la aguar umayendetsedwa kumutu. Choyambacho chikuwoneka chocheperako chifukwa cha kusowa kwa undercoat (kuzolowera nyengo yotentha) kuposa mtundu wa raccoon wogwirizana (Procyon lotor). Chigoba chakuda kumaso ndichaching'ono kuposa cha mitundu yakumpoto. Chovala chovala chovala chodzikongoletsera ndi chovala chokhala ndi bulauni, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chisiyanike mosavuta kuchokera ku chingwe chopepuka. Matata amtunduwu ndi owonda komanso amtundu wakuda. Mchirawo ndi pafupifupi 50% kutalika kwa thupi.
24.11.2015
Raccoon-racoed (Lat. Procyon cancrivorus) - nyama yoyamwitsa yochokera ku banja la Raccoon (lat. Procyonidae). Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chikondi chowonjezereka cha kudya nkhanu, nkhanu ndi asodzi, zomwe adazipatsa dzina. Ndi nyama yofunikira yobala ubweya.
Mwa mitundu yambiri ya amwenye ku Latin America, nyama ya cr cracean imadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri. Ngakhale nsomba zazinkhanira ndizofala kuposa abale awo aku North America, moyo wawo wobisalira komanso chinyengo chawo cham'mimba zimapangitsa kuti asamavutike kusaka osaka kwambiri. Pazifukwa izi, palibe chomwe chikuwopseza anthu awo.
Malo achilengedwe
Raccoon-racoed imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ochokera kumadera achipululu mpaka nkhalango zamvula za Amazon. Malingana ngati pali madzi, chakudya, ndi malo ogona, aguar amatha kusintha. Amakhala m'malo ozungulira matupi amadzi monga madambo, nyanja, nyanja, ndi nyanja. Panjira yolumikizana ndi malo okhala ndi tambo tofiirira, ma fodya opaka bwino amakhala m'malo ozungulira mitsinje yomwe ili mkati, pomwe oyang'anira kumpoto amakonda ma swamp ndi magombe. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'malo otsika kuposa woimira kumpoto kwa ma raccoon.
Kugawa
Malo okhala zachilengedwe za kafadala wobiriwira amakhala ku Central America. Amatha kupezeka pagawo lalikulu kuyambira ku Costa Rica mpaka ku Uruguay ndi zigawo zakumpoto kwa Argentina.
Nyama imamva bwino m'mvula yonyowa komanso m'nkhalango zowuma. Mulimonsemo, imakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja kapena madambo. Amakopeka kwambiri ndi mitengo yamangati panyanja kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, momwe mumatha kusangalala ndi nkhanu zatsopano.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kwambiri, nsomba za nsomba za m'madzi ndizovuta, koma zakudya zake ndi zipatso. Komanso, amadya ma invertebrates, crustaceans, tizilombo, mtedza, masamba, nsomba, achule ndi akamba ang'ono. Kuti azindikire komanso kugwira nyama, wogwidwa ndi fodya amagwiritsa ntchito chithumwa, kuwona ndi kukhudza. Zakudya zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo ya chaka komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya.
Khalidwe
Ma Racoids amadziwika ngati ma hermits otsimikizika. Kusungulumwa sikuwawopsa nkomwe. Munthawi yawo yaulere kuchokera kokasaka, amakhala mu zosangalatsa ndi zopangira. Kuchokera pa masamba a udzu, nyama zimatha maola ambiri kupanga zoseweretsa zina zopanda phindu lililonse. Nthawi zambiri, amangogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yopuma posinkhasinkha za nzeru kapena njira zatsopano zosakira.
Ophatikizidwa ndi fodya amakhala ndi moyo wosangalala padziko lapansi. Masana, amapumula, kubisala m'maenje a mtengo wakale kapena pobisalira pansi pamisomali.
Malo osaka a fodya ambiri amakonda kudutsana. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira pakati pa anansi, palibe nkhanza kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mwachidziwikire, amapanga maubale oyanjana, omwe amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chovuta komanso chovuta kupanga.
Anthu oyandikana nawo malo amatha kusalowerera ndale, komanso kusonkhana nthawi ndi nthawi macheza abwino. Kukonda miseche kumakhudza akazi ambiri kuposa amuna. Pazifukwa izi, akazi angapo amatha kugawana tsamba lomweli. Kulimbitsa pakati pa raccoon kumachitika makamaka mu nyengo zamkhutu.
Rakoedov imapangidwa kwambiri somatosensory system yomwe imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyankha mwachangu komanso moyenera pazokongoletsa zakunja ndikuchita kayendedwe kovuta kamene kamayang'aniridwa ndi ubongo.
Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chakumapeto kwa mitsempha ndi ma receptor mkati mwake zimapezeka muzzle ndi kuwonekeratu. Makamaka a fodya amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kukhudza kwawo, komwe kumapangitsa kukhala kosakwanira ndi mawonekedwe opepuka a maso. Nyama imakonda kumva chakudya mosamala musanadye kuti imve zambiri za izo. Chifukwa chofananacho, chimatha kumiza m'madzi, chomwe chimafanana ndikutsuka chakudya.
Odyera a Raccoon ndi omnivores, chifukwa chake, popanda crustaceans, amadya pafupifupi chilichonse cha nyama komanso masamba. Amasinthanso za usodzi ndi achule. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo zipatso, tizilombo, mphutsi, akamba ndi mazira a mbalame.
Kuswana
Ana achichepere obadwa pakati pa Julayi ndi Seputembara. Mimba imatenga masiku 60 mpaka 73. Mu litala limodzi muli ana 2-7. Maso awo amatseguka sabata lachinayi la moyo. Kutengera ndi nyengo yachilengedwe, kudyetsa mkaka kumatha miyezi 2-3.
Ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ana awo amasiya amayi awo ndikuyamba moyo wodziimira pawokha. Amafika msinkhu wazaka chimodzi. Amuna samatenga nawo mbali ana.
Wamkazi wokhala ndi ana amatha kukhala wankhalwe kwambiri ndikuteteza mwachidwi gawo lake kuti asatengedwe ndi ziphuphu zina.
Kuyankhulana ndi kuzindikira
Wotsogola amakhala ndi makutu abwino, ndipo amatenga mawu osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale ali khungu, ali ndi masomphenya abwino usiku, ndipo zinthu zamtendere zimapangidwa bwino kuposa izi. Pafupifupi ma 13 osiyanasiyana adagawidwanso kuti azilankhulana pakati pa abale, 7 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi ndi ana. Zotheka kuti, monga momwe zimachitira nyama zambiri, kununkhira kumathandizira kuti nyama yodziwika bwino yidziwike anthu ena.
Maonekedwe, mtundu
Mukuwoneka, ma raccoon ali ofanana ndi agalu a raccoon, ali ndi thupi lotetemera, miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi zala zazitali komanso zazitali, komanso mawonekedwe akuthwa komanso osatalika. Malo amodzi okha ndi opanda kanthu. Pokonzekera kuyimirira, nyamayo imayesa kudalira pamtunda wonsewo, komanso ikasuntha - zala zokhazokha, ndikuti matupi a raccoon amafanana ndi cholembera chakumanzere ndi dzanja la munthu.
Mutu wa chirombo ndi lokwanira, wokhala ndi phokoso lalifupi komanso lakuthwa, makutu ang'ono ndi ozungulira pozungulira. Gawo la mchira ndi fluffy. Ubweya wake ndi wautali komanso wandiweyani, wopanga "akasinja" ochulukirapo kumbali zam'mutu. Njira yotsatsira mano imadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa incisors 3 ndi 3, fangs 1 ndi 1, pre-molars 3-4 ndi 3-4, molars 2 ndi 2-3. Chiwerengero chonse cha mano ndi zidutswa za 36-42.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Chochititsa chidwi, chodziwika bwino cha ubweya wa raccoon, kunja kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wake, ndizomwe zimapangidwa mwapadera, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi 90% ya nkhungu yowirira kwambiri kapena yolimba, yopangidwa kuti iteteze nyama ku madzi ozizira.
Chovalacho chili ndi utoto wamaso achikasu ndi chodetsa chakuda. Kuchokera kumbali yakumaso mpaka kumphuno kwa mphuno ndi mzere wa madontho akuda. Kuzungulira maso pali malo akuda. Pachala chomangira, ndiye kuti pali mphete zambiri za mtundu wakuda kapena wakuda. Amuna a Raccoon nthawi zambiri amakhala olemera komanso okulirapo kuposa akazi.
Adani achilengedwe
Raccoon ali m'gulu la nyama zakutchire zolimba kwambiri, zomwe sizivutika ndi matenda ambiri opatsirana komanso obweretsa zachilengedwe. Mwa zina, nyama yotereyi imatha kudziteteza motsutsana ndi zilombo zambiri zachilengedwe.. Komabe, chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuchitidwa, popeza raccoon imatha kukhala chonyamula matenda ena opatsirana kwambiri.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Kudera lina, kudziwika kwakuti kusaka nyama kumakhala kotchuka kwambiri, pomwe anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri kapena atatu amawomberedwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ma raccoon amatha kugwidwa ndi adani ambiri akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo coyotes, mimbulu, lynx yofiira, ilka, alligators ngakhale kadzidzi. Ana osalimba achingerezi amakonda kusakidwa ndi njoka. Kudera la Ciscaucasia, kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa zolengedwa zomwe zimayang'aniridwa bwino ndi nkhandwe wamba, yomwe, limodzi ndi raccoon, ndi imodzi mwazinyama zowononga.
Raccoon
Fodya uyu adakhala ndi dzina losadziwika chifukwa chizolowezi chomangirira nyama m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, rocaon yoyera imayeretsa mchenga. Ndiwofala kwambiri pakati pa ma Rfishon, okhala ku North ndi Central America konse, ndipo kuyambira nthawi yayitali ku Europe. Zonse zomwe tidalemba pamwambapa zimakhudza makamaka ma fodya a fodya.
Raccoon Rakoyed (Aguara)
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya raccoon iyi ndi mawonekedwe kuzungulira maso, mwina pokumbukira chigoba cha zigawenga. Chovala cha raccoon ichi ndi chachifupi, ndipo thupi limasinthidwa. Adatenga dzina lake chifukwa cha chikondi chapadera cha nsomba zazinkhanira. Amakhala nkhalango ku Central ndi South America.
Cozumel Raccoon
Mtundu wa raccoonwu ndi wosowa kwambiri, chifukwa umakhala m'malo ochepa, pachilumba chaching'ono cha Cozumel ku Caribbean. Chinanso chosiyana ndi abale ake ena ndi ubweya wa bulauni komanso kupezekapo kwa tint wachikasu pamchira.
Guadeloupe raccoon
Mitundu yamtundu wa raccoons pano ili pafupi kutha ndipo yalembedwa mu Red Book. Amakhala m'malo otentha a Guadeloupe, amakonda kukhala m'malo otentha, komanso m'madamuwe, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Maonekedwe ake ali ofanana ndi chingwe cha raccoon.
Malo okhala Rfishon
Nyama zonyansa izi ndizofala m'derali kuyambira kum'mwera kwa Canada kupita ku Panama. Ndiwo oyamba okhala ku North ndi Central America, amakhala ku United States, kupatula mayiko a Utah ndi Nevada.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, chifukwa cha ubweya wamtengo wapatali, raccoon idayambitsidwa ku Europe. Mtunduwu udakonzedwa bwino ku Belarus, Germany ndi Azerbaijan, ku Russia Far East. Masiku ano, ma fodya amapezeka ngakhale kuzilumba za East Indies.
Nyamazi zimakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zowirira komanso m'nkhalango zomwe zimadziwika ndi mitengo yosakanikirana ndi yowuma, komwe kuli mitengo yambiri. Otsatira adasankha malo pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Nkhalango zowononga zachilengedwe za Homogeneous, komanso kufalikira kwa mitengo yopanda dziwe, ma fodya amapewedwa. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimakhala kunja kwa minda ndi minda, zomwe zimapezeka m'minda ya anthu. Mwambiri, ma raccoons amasintha mwachangu malo okhalapo anthropogenic ndipo amatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa eni malo.
M'malo okhala zachilengedwe, nyama zodetsa nkhawa zimakhala m'madambo ndi malo otsika, kupewa malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira.
Chochititsa chidwi: Ngakhale ma raccoon amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe ndi madzi abwino, ngati kuli kofunikira, amatha kukhazikika m'chipinda chapamwamba, ndi mapaipi akale, ndi mabowo otchingira nkhuni. Zoyang'anira sizidziwa kukumba mauna okha, chifukwa chake zimakhala m'malo obisalamo nyama zina. Kuphatikiza pa nyumba yokhalamo yayikulu, ngati ma fodya ali ndi malo okhala otetezeka, koma nyama zimakonda kugona m'khola lalikulu.
Rationon mgawo
Ma boti otchuka a Rfishons amaimiridwa ndi magawo akale osakanizika a nkhalango omwe ali ndi zithaphwi ndi maiwe. M'derali muli mitengo yambiri yam'madzi, yomwe imalola kuti raccoon ipume masana. Nyamayi imakhala ndi masomphenya okonzekera usiku, yomwe imathandizira chilombo kuyenda mlengalenga ndikayamba kwamdima ndi kusaka. Kuphatikiza apo, ma raccoon amakhala ndi ma vibrissae otakasuka, amakula pafupifupi thupi lonse, kuphatikiza mutu, chifuwa ndi m'mimba, mkati mwa miyendo ndi malo a khungu pafupi ndi zikhadabo.
Raccoon ili m'gulu la nyama zam'madzi, koma chakudya chake chachikulu chimadalira mawonekedwe ndi nthawi. Gawo lokhala ndi banja lokhazikika nthawi ya masika imafunikira chakudya chochuluka. Pambuyo pa hibernation, mozungulira mwezi wa February kapena Marichi, ma fodya okhwima pakugonana amayamba kubereka mwachangu, chifukwa chake amafunika chakudya chapamwamba chamapulogalamu, choperekedwa ndi chakudya cha nyama.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Zinthu za anthropogenic, zomwe zimawopseza moyo ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zambiri, sizingathe kuwononga kwambiri ma fodya, chifukwa chake, nyama zoterezi zimasinthika kukhala ndi moyo pafupi ndi anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapeza chakudya pamafesi kapena m'zimbulu za zinyalala.
Rfishons imatha kugwira tizilombo tambiri, komanso kusaka achule osati makoswe akuluakulu. Kutha kukwera mitengo mochenjera kumathandiza kuti chiweto chiwononge zisa mbalame. Nthawi zina amadya njoka, abuluzi ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi, zomwe zimatha kuyimiridwa ndi akhwangwala, nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nsomba. Pamayambiriro a nthawi yophukira, ma raccoon amasinthana ndi zakudya mu mawonekedwe a zipatso ndi mtedza, ma acorn ndi zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimidwa. M'madera ena, ma raccoon asandulika masoka enieni, chifukwa chakubwera kawirikawiri paminda yazipatso, ulimi ndi ma gourd.
Ma fodya, chifukwa chaubwenzi, amatha kukhala ziweto zabwino kwambiri. Osangoyambitsa fodya ngati mukukhala m'nyumba yopapatiza, chifukwa nyama izi zimafunikira malo, ndipo sizikhala ngati amphaka kapena agalu.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kugawa chipinda chonse chokhala ndi fodya, chimakhalanso chowongolera chake, momwe nyamayo imamasuka. Popeza ma raccoon ndi nyama anzeru kwambiri, mutha kusangalala nawo, kusewera, koma nkofunika kusamala, chifukwa ngati raccoon akuganiza kuti ali pachiwopsezo, akhoza kuluma ndikumenya. Raccoon amakhala ankhanza kwambiri panthawi yakukhwima kwawo. Komanso nthawi yakukhwima, chamba champhongo chimatha kuzindikira malo ake, omwe amakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Koma pazonse, raccoon atha kuphunzitsidwa kuyenda mu thireyi, pafupifupi ngati mphaka kapena galu.
Ndikofunikanso kulingalira kuti ma fodya amatha kukhala ovulaza kwambiri, ngakhale nyama za nkhumba, zimakhala m'nyumba, amatha kuchita chilichonse Skoda, mwachitsanzo, akumenya mbale zonse kukhitchini, kuponya TV yodula, ndi zina zambiri. Kuti mupewe izi, sayenera kutuluka m'chipinda chawo chowongolera (osayang'aniridwa), atachotsa zinthu zonse zamtengo pamenepo.
Ndipo ma raccoon ndi nyama zamadzulo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukhala ndi chiweto chotere m'nyumba, muyenera kusintha mawonekedwe ake, masana raccoon atha kugona kwambiri, koma madzulo ndi usiku kumakhala chiwawa. Ndikofunikanso kumudyetsa usiku ndi usiku, makamaka, ngati ndinu "kadzidzi" mu biorhythm, zidzakhala zosavuta kwa inu ndi raccoon kuposa anthu omwe ali ngati "lark".
Zosangalatsa
- Manja ndi miyendo ya raccoon yatukuka kwambiri ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri. Zimatha kuwerengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'miyendo yawo mwaluso monga momwe anyani amatha. Nthawi zambiri munthu wosuta fodya amatsegula chakudya ndi manja ake kenako ndi kumachisamutsa pakamwa pake.
- Nthawi zambiri anthu akamadyanso nkhanu amaika nyama m'madzi asanadye.Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ma fodya amatsuka chakudya, koma kuyesa kumawonetsa kuti nyama "zimatsuka" chakudya choyera kapena chonyowa m'madzi nthawi zambiri tikamayambitsa chakudya chodetsa kapena chowuma. Makamaka nthawi zambiri, khalidweli limatha kuwonedwa mu nyama zogwidwa. Zikuoneka kuti, ma rfish amatha kutengera momwe amapangira kuchokera ku nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nyama zina zam'madzi.
- Mbira za crabeater zili ndi khutu labwino komanso lokhazikika, makamaka phokoso lachilendo.
- Raccoon-wokhazikika imatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana 13, 7 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pakati pa mayi ndi ana ake.
- Ngati mayi wataya ana ake osabereka, nthawi zambiri amatulutsa mazira kachiwiri mkati mwa nyengo. Amuna samasamalira ana.
- Choopseza chachikulu kwa ma fodya ndi anthu.
- Raccoon-lodzodzedwa ndi nyama yosaka ubweya, nthawi zina yosungidwa ngati chiweto. Amasaka iye kuti achite masewera. Raccoon-wodziwikiratu ndiwonyamula matenda a chiwewe, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kuwononga mbewu, koma nthawi zambiri osafika pamlingo woopsa.
Pomaliza
Mukamasamalira fodya, maganizidwe ake ayenera kuwaganizira:
- “Ayi” ndi mawu osadziwika. Khalani okonzeka kuti zoletsazi sizigwira ntchito pa fodya wopanda chidwi ndi wogwira ntchito, musawakusetse pamwamba, atha kuwonetsa kukwiya kapena kufa. Ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa fodya yemwe amakhala ndi munthu, sadzaleka kumukhumudwitsa ndi zomwe akuchita, chifukwa chake khalani okonzekera izi. Palibe chifukwa chilichonse chomwe chingakakamize nyama.