Mayina:Mississippi alligator, pike alligator, alligator waku America (American alligators).

Dera: Alligator ya Mississippi ndiye wamkulu kwambiri mwa mitundu iwiri yonse yomwe ilipo, ndipo imapezeka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States. Pakadali pano, amakhala kum'mwera kwa Virginia kokha komanso kum'mawa kwa Lower Rio Grande ku Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, North ndi South Carolina, ndi kumwera kwa Arkansas;

Kufotokozera: The allissator wa Mississippi ali ndi kutalika kwakutali, koma kutalika kwake kotetemera. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nyama zomwe zimagwidwa ukapolo, chizungulire ndi chokulirapo kuposa cha abale amtchire (chifukwa cha thanzi lawo). Mphuno zimakhala kumapeto kwa chizungulire, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ipume, pomwe thupi lake lonse limakhala pansi pa madzi. Zoyimira zazikulu za makolo omwe akukhala mwachilengedwe ndi zamitundu iwiri: yayitali komanso yopyapyala, yochepa komanso yayifupi. Kusiyana kwazomwe zimapangidwira kukufotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe a zakudya, nyengo, ndi zina.
Chida champhamvu kwambiri ndi mchira wosalala. Zovundikira zinayi zazikulu za occipital zili m'mizere iwiri. M'dera lamkati mwa thupi - mizere isanu ndi itatu ya zotupa za dorsal. Khungu kumbali ili ndi mbale mafupa. Mafupa pamimba sakhalapo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kutsogolo - mikono isanu, kumbuyo Zoyambira zala zam'maso ndizolumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yosambira. Chiwerengero cha mano ndi 74-80.
Pakamwa pakatseka, m'mphepete mwa nsagwada yam'mwamba imagunda mano a nsagwada yam'munsi, pomwe mano otsika amalowa m'matumbo a nsagwada yapamwamba. Dzino lalikulu lachinayi la nsagwada yam'munsi imalowetsa malo obaya pansagwada yapamwamba ndipo silikhala losaoneka pakamwa. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kakang'ono kwambiri ka mano ndipo sikapezekanso mu ng'ona ndi gavial, pomwe mano otsika amalowa m'malo opangira kunja kwa nsagwada yapamwamba.
Ana obiriwira ang'ono ndi kope laling'ono la makolo awo, omwe ali osiyana ndi iwo mikwingwirima yachikasu yowoneka bwino pamaso wakuda, zomwe zimawabisalira.

MtunduMtundu wonse wa mbali yakumtunda kwa Mississippian alligator ndi wakuda, wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi achikasu. Mwa achichepere, mbali ya dorsal imakhala yakuda bii yowala ndi mikwaso yowala yachikasu yopindika pamchira; achikulire, mikwingwirima yakuda. Ziphuphu za kumadzulo kwa anthu, zomwe ndizodzilekanitsidwa kwina kuchokera kum'mawa, zimakhala ndi mizere yoyera - mikwingwirima yozungulira nsagwada, thupi lawo ndi mtundu wa mchira wake ndi wopepuka. M'malingaliro akale, mikwaso yachikaso imazirala ndikusandulika kukhala wonyezimira komanso wakuda, ngakhale malo a khungu kuzungulira nsagwada, pakhosi ndi pamimba amakhalabe oyera. Dera lamkati ndilowala ndi zigamba zakuda. Mtundu wamaso ndi maolivi, obiriwira, koma mitundu ina ndiyothekanso.

Kukula kwake: Zoyimitsa zazimphongo zazimunthu zazitali zimakwana mamita 4-4,5, nthawi zina anthu opitilira 5 metres amapezeka (kutalika kotalika ndi 5.8 m). Akazi amafikira kutalika kwa 3 m.

Kulemera: Mpaka 200-300 kg. Pali chidziwitso chosatsimikizika (chikaikira) kuti m'zaka za zana la 19 ndi 20 onse opimira theka la matani anaphedwa.

Utali wamoyo: Amalembedwa kuti alligator mmodzi wa Mississippi adakhala zaka 66. Anabweretsa ku Adelaide Zoo, pc. South Australia, Juni 5, 1914 ali ndi zaka 2, ndipo adakhala mpaka pa Seputembara 26, 1978. Malinga ndi zofalitsa zina, mbiri yakalembedwe ya mitundu iyi mu ukapolo ndi zaka 85.

Voterani: Ng'ombe zimapanga mawu osokosera (Chingerezi: y-eonk, y-eonk, y-eonk), ndipo zazikulu zonse zimapanga kubangula nthawi yakubzala. Owona ndi maso akufanizira liwu la Mississippi alligator ndi mabingu akutali kapena kuphulika pomwe olemba jam akusuntha ndi nsomba. Ngati amuna angapo amalira nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti kufufuma mwamphamvu kumadodometsa chithaphwi.

Habitat: Alligator amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi kasupe wamadzi abwino, ndipo amakonda madzi othamanga pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumadzi opanda mitsinje, mitsinje ndi nyanja, komanso ma dziwe omwazikana ndimadontho a peat. Sakonda matupi amadzi okhala ndi madzi amchere, ngakhale atha kukhala m'madzi abwinowa omwe amakhala m'matanthwe a South Florida zone (Everglade) kwakanthawi kochepa. Nthawi zambiri theississippi alligator imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.
Akazi, monga lamulo, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, madambo, ndi amuna amadzimadzi oposa 2 mraba. mailosi.

AdaniMbalame zazikulu zazitali, ma raccoon, ma lynxes ndi akuluakulu agogo amatha kuwukira ana akhanda ndi makanda aang'ono. Mwa zina zazikuluzikulu zazimuna, milandu ya kubala cannibalism imakhala yofala, zomwe sizimachitika kawirikawiri kwa ng'ona. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, alligators amafika kutalika kwa 90 cm ndipo kuyambira pamenepo alibe adani - kupatula anthu. Chakudya: Onsewa ndi obisalira ku Mississippi. Chakudya chachikulu ndi nsomba, koma nthawi zina zimagwiranso nyama zina. Zoyala zazing'ono zam'madzi zimadya tizilombo ta m'madzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tinsomba tating'ono ndi achule; akamakula, zakudya zawo zimasiyanasiyana. Nyama zazikuluzikulu zimadya pafupifupi chilichonse chamoyo cham'madzi komanso chapadziko lapansi chomwe chimakhala m'derali: akamba, njoka, nsomba, nyama zazing'ono, mbalame, ngakhale zazing'ono zazing'ono. M'malo omwe alligators amakhala ndi anthu ndipo akakhala ndi njala, agalu ang'onoang'ono ndi ziweto zina zimakhala zawo.
Kwa munthu, alligator siowopsa, koma nthawi zina, a Mississippi alligator amawombera anthu, ndipo ngakhale atatero, amakhumudwitsidwa kapena asokoneza mwana ndi kachilombo kakang'ono.
Nthawi zina amadya nsomba m'makola nsomba. Ndi njala yayikulu, carrion amathanso kudyedwa.

Khalidwe: Khalidwe la kusaka kwa Mississippi alligator limatengera kutentha kwa madzi, ndipo kutentha kumunsi kwa 20-23 ° C chilimbikitso chawo chimachepa kwambiri ndipo ntchito zawo zimachepa. Kutentha kwakuthupi kotheratu kwa moyo ndi 32-35 ', kutentha kuposa 38' chifukwa mitunduyi ndi yakufa. Padziko lapansi, ng'ona nthawi zambiri zimagona pakamwa pawo potseguka, i.e. izi ndichifukwa cha thermoregulation (madzi amatuluka kuchokera kumkamwa wamkamwa, womwe umakulitsa kutentha kutulutsa).
Akalulu akuluakulu, monga lamulo, amasaka m'madzi, akugwira nyama yaying'ono ndi mano awo ndikuimeza yonse. Amakola nyama yayikulu pansi pamadzi, kenako ndikuyikhadzula. Ng'ona ali ndi kuleza mtima kotheka: atangoyala m'maso ndi m'mphuno m'madzi, amatha kuyang'anira nyama kwa maola ambiri. Nthawi zambiri m'malo otere "osefukira", amayenda pansi pamadzi potsatira gombe, kufunafuna womzunza.
Alligators ali ndi kuluma kwamphamvu kwambiri - poyerekeza ndi ena omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "kuluma". Woyendetsa mamilimita 4 aku America wolemera kilogalamu 332 adalumidwa ndi chipangizo choyezera chapadera ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi mphamvu ya kilogalamu 1063 (kuchuluka kwa galimoto yaying'ono). Munthu wamkulu pa famu ya ng’ona ya St. Augustine (USA) pang'ono ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 1480. Alligators amagwiritsa ntchito kamwa lamphamvu choterachi kuti agwire ndi kuluma akamba am'madzi oyera, omwe amadziwika ndi chipolopolo cholimba kwambiri.
Panthawi ya kumiza, mphuno za ng'ona zimatsekedwa ndi zotupa za pakhungu, khutu limaboweka hermetically kutseka makutu a khungu, ndipo kufalikira kwa magazi pamenepa, kupatula ubongo ndi minofu ya mtima, imayimitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, m'mphindi 20 zoyambirira zimakhala mozama, ng'ona imawononga theka la mpweya wake, ndipo yotsalayo imagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pakatha mphindi 100 zikubwerazi.

Ndi nyama zochepa chabe zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa anthu omwe ali ndi mantha monga Mississippi alligator. Akatsegula pakamwa pake ndi mano akuluakulu, zikuwoneka kuti wolimbayu akumwetulira

Mitundu / Mitundu - Aligator mississipiensis

Kutalika: pafupifupi 4 m, koma nthawi zina amafika 5.5 m, mchira ndi theka kutalika.

Kulemera 200-225 kg.

Nthawi yakukhwima: Epulo Meyi.

Chiwerengero cha mazira: 25-60.

Makulidwe: Miyezi 2-3.

Zochita: Alligator (onani chithunzi) - lalitali.

Zomwe zimadya: ana ake amadya tizilombo, khwangwala, nthenga ndi achule, ndipo akuluakulu amadya nsomba ndi zinyama.

Utali wamoyo: mpaka zaka 50.

Woyimira wina wa banja la alligator ndi olimira ku China. Ndiwocheperako kuposa mbewa zonse za a Mississippian ndipo amakhala kumtsinje wa Yangtze.

The Mississippi Alligator ndiye woimira wamkulu wa kufufuma kwa ng'ona ku North America. Ili ndi thupi lolimba, miyendo yolimba komanso mutu waukulu. The alligator amasambira mothandizidwa ndi mchira, amenenso ndi chida chake chachikulu.

Chinyama cha ku America - pike alligator

Zoyipa za Mississippi ndizobwereza zophunziridwa kwambiri pa gulu lawo. Nyama zazikuluzikuluzi zimakhala kumpoto kwa North America ndipo zikuimira chimodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya alligator (yachiwiri ndi alligator ya ku China). Gulu la allissator la Mississippi lili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, ndipo limayang'anira zigawo za Florida ndi Louisiana.
Zodzala izi zimakhala m'madziwe, maiwe, mitsinje, nyanja ndi matupi ena a madzi oyera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic - zomwe zidapezeka kumwera kwa Virginia komanso kum'mawa kwa Rio Grande, ku Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, North ndi South Carolina, Oklahoma ndi kumwera kwa Arkansas. Maofesi a Mississippi ndi ochulukirachulukira m'madambo aku Florida.

Kulongosola koyambirira kwa sayansi ya nyamayi kunasindikizidwa mu 1802 ndi wolemba zinyama waku France Frenchois-Marie Doden (Francois-Marie Daudin)Yemwe adapatsa olembetsawo dzina la binomial Alligator mississippiensis. Pa ntchito yake yonse yasayansi, Doden adafotokoza mitundu yoposa 500 ya mbalame ndi zokwawa.

The allissator wa Mississippi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa alligator waku America - Zoweta za ku America. Mayina ena odziwika bwino monga Florida alligator, mamba a Mississippi, Louisiana alligator, ndi alligator wa pike. Dzinalo lomaliza lachiwerewere limadziwika chifukwa cha mutu ndi mawonekedwe okuluwika wopindika ofanana ndi mutu wa pike.

Nthambi za Mississippi zimakonda madzi abata, kupewa malo okhala ndi magetsi amphamvu. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kudana ndi mapiri am'madzi a Mississippi pamadzi amkuntho kumalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mapangidwe amphuno - amapezeka otsika, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kupuma kukhala kovuta pakadzaza madzi. Pofuna kuti madzi asatulutsidwe m'mphuno, zibweya izi m'mitsinje yofulumira zimayenera kuti zisunge mitu yawo pamalo otsetsereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusambira pansi ndi chigoba panthawi yosaka.
Chifukwa chosapezeka tiziwalo tambiri tambiri, tiziwombo tambiri timapezekanso m'madzi amchere, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yaming'ona yomwe "imatha kulira", ndikuchotsa mchere mthupi. Komabe, nthawi zina mbalame zonse za Mississippi zimatha kupezeka m'madzi abwinowa a m'madzi otsetsereka a mitengo ya South Florida.

Zobwezeretsedwazi ndi za oyimilira akuluakulu a makona - amphongo amatha kukula mpaka kutalika kwa 4-5,5 metres (kukula kodziwika - 5.8 m) ndi kulemera mpaka 300 kg. Pali malipoti akugwidwa kwa anthu omwe amalemera mpaka theka la tani, koma alibe umboni. Zachikazi ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zazimuna ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali kuposa mamitala atatu.

Maonekedwe amadziwika ndi mutu wawukulu wokhala ndi mpweya wautali, wotambalala komanso wosalala, womwe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mutu wa pike. Mutu umalekanitsidwa ndi khosi. Mphuno ili pamphepete mwa muzzle, ikukwera pang'ono pamwamba pake.
Maso ndi ochepa, ali ndi imvi kapena siliva imvi.
Chiwerengero chonse cha mano pamphepete ndi kutsika kwapazitali ndi 74-80, pomwe mzere wa alligator ndichimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa zotumphukazo kuchokera ku ng'ona zenizeni - dzino lalikulu lachinayi la nsagwada yam'munsi imalowetsa malo a nsagwada yapamwamba ndipo imakutidwa ndi mlomo, mano ali kumbali ndipo alibe pakamwa kotsekeka.

M'mphepete mwa thupi pali miyendo inayi yayifupi, yolimba, yomwe imathera pansi pa phazi. Pamiyendo yakutsogolo kuli zala zisanu zokhala ndi nembanemba pakati pawo, pamapazi apansi - zala zinayi. Chifukwa cha miyendo iyi, wopangirayo amatha (kuyenda pang'ono) kuyenda pamtunda, kusambira, kudziteteza kwa adani, komanso kuwongolera nyama yake - nkung'amba mzidutswa, kuchotsa chakudya pakamwa pake, ndi zina zina. Komabe, ngati kuli kotheka, wogulitsa amawagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo yifupi ikugwedezeka.

Ma scors scals ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe - zofunikira zazikulu zinayi m'mizere iwiri zimayikidwa pa gawo la occipital, mizere isanu ndi itatu ya scute ndi yaying'ono mkati mwa thupi. Mafupa a mafupa amayikidwa pambali. Mimba ilibe mawonekedwe a corymbal.
Kumbuyo kwa thupi kumovekedwa ndi mchira wautali komanso wamphamvu, wokutidwa pambuyo pake. Thupi ili ndiye choyendetsa ndi kusunthira chamoyocho posambira, komanso chida, chifukwa chomwe wopanga amatha kuthana ndi nyama yayikulu. Ndikamenya mchira, zilombo zimathyola mafupa ngakhale ng'ombe.

Chiwopsezo chapamwamba cha mbewa zachikulire ndi utoto wa maolivi wofiirira kapena wakuda; m'mimba ndi loyera zonona. Mwa achichepere, mikwingwirima yowala yachikasu imapezeka mchira.

Kusapezeka kwa kachipangizo kamene thupi limasiyira chizindikiro pa zomwe a Mississippi alligators ali nazo mu nyengo yozizira kapena yotentha. Izi zobowola zimatha kukumba mabowo komwe zimakonda kubisala nyengo zovuta ndi nyengo. Mu nyengo yotsika kwambiri, ma alligator amataya ntchito zawo, ndipo amatha kusungunuka, kubisala mu dzenje kapena kuwotcha mumatope oyaka.
Monga ng'ona zina zambiri, mbalame zonse zimapereka ntchito zofunikira kwambiri m'madziwe amatope, kumachotsa zinyalala, zomata komanso zam'madzi. Zachidziwikire, malo omwe agulugufewo sanasangalale nawo - malo oyeretsedwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimbudzi ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana, zomwe olusa amayang'anira kubisalira.
Zambiri komanso zowonda pamtunda, zotsalazo zimatha kusambira m'madzi, ndipo zimatha kuwombera mphezi pakusaka.

Monga momwe zimakhalira nyama yolusa, mbalame ya Mississippi imadyanso nyama zomwe zimakwanitsa kugwira. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimachokera ku nsomba, amphibians ndi nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono. Zosankhazo nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana zapambuyo - njoka, akamba, ngakhale zazing'ono zazing'ono. Mosiyana ndi ming'alu yeniyeni, mbalamezi zimangokhala njuchi zopanda pake, nthawi zina zimadya "anthu amtundu."
M'njala, nyama zodyerazi zimatha kudya chilichonse chomwe chimabwera mwanjira yawo - kuchokera pa zovunda mpaka nyama zazikulu zokwanira kuphatikiza anthu. Zosefera za Mississippi zimawombera anthu nthawi zambiri - zibwebwezi zimawonedwa kuti ndizowopsa kuposa ming'alu yolowedwa kapena ya Nile, komabe, zolemba zolembedwa ndizokwanira.
Achichepere amakhala okhutira ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono - kuchokera kuzilombo, ma mollusk ndi crustaceans, mpaka nsomba zazitali. Izi zikuluzikulu zimakonda kupita kukasaka mumdima, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokumbukira.

Amatha kutha msinkhu ndi thupi lalitali kupitirira 180 cm, ali ndi zaka 10 - 12. Zimaswana ndi kuyikira mazira, pomweikaziyo imamanga chisa, momwe imayikira mazira makumi asanu (owerengeka kwambiri ndi 88). Masewera olimbitsa thupi ophatikiza pa Mississippian alligators amayamba mu April (Epulo-Meyi), ndikutenthetsa madzi, pomwe miyambo imachitika usiku. Amuna samatchuka chifukwa cha "kusakhulupirika" - mdera lawo mmodzi wamwamuna amatha pafupifupi akazi khumi ndi awiri. Mwamuna aliyense wamwamuna wamkulu "ali" ndi "dziko" lake lomwe lili ndi malo atatu mainchesi. km., komwe mwayi wopita kwa "amuna" ena ndi oletsedwa chifukwa chobwezera.
Nthawi yolowera mazira imangopitilira miyezi iwiri.Hatching alligators, woyezera masentimita 15 mpaka 20, amayamba kupanga kuboola, kumveka kaphokoso, ndipo mkaziyo amawathandiza, kutuluka m'chisa. Makanda obadwa kumene motalika (kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka ziwiri) amakula ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi amayi awo, kenako nkuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anyaniwa a Mississippi ndi nyama “zotulutsa mawu” - amuna akuluakulu amatha kumveka mokweza, kukumbutsa phokoso la injini ya ndege. Nyengo yakukhwima, misonkhano ya ma alligator imagwedeza madera awo ndi makutu ogontha.

Woyambitsa wamkulu wamkulu alibe adani achilengedwe. Achinyamata ayenera kupewa ngozi yoti adyedwe kapena kuphedwa ndi nyama zambiri zolusa - mbalame zazikuluzikulu, ankhandwe, ma lynxes, monga tanena kale, ngakhale anthu akulu amitundu. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, a Mississippi alligators amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali - woposa zaka makumi asanu (pali malipoti a milandu omwe amakhala mu ukapolo mpaka zaka pafupifupi 70).

Mkhalidwe la kuchuluka kwa nyama pamaderawa ndiokhazikika, motero, mitunduyo Alligator mississippiensis udindo malo LC - zimayambitsa nkhawa pang'ono.

Maonekedwe a Mississippi Alligator

Kutalika kwa mizere ya akuluakulu a Mississippian kuyambira 4 mpaka 4.5 metres, anthu samakonda kupitirira 5 metres kutalika.

Komabe, izi zimasiyana ndi zazimuna, pomwe zazikazi sizidutsa mamitala atatu. Kukula kwakukulu kwa alligator ya Mississippi ndi makilogalamu 200-300.

Phokoso lanyimbo zonse ndilotakata, lathyathyathya komanso lalitali. Ndizachilendo kuti mu alligators okhala mu ukapolo, phokoso limakhala lambiri poyerekeza ndi nyama zamtchire, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta zacakudya. Mphuno zimakhala pamphepete mwa chisagwe, choncho alligator amatha kupuma thupi lonse litakhala pansi pa madzi.

Allissators a Mississippian akhoza kukhala amitundu iwiri: yayifupi komanso yotakata komanso yopyapyala komanso yayitali, mawonekedwe oterowo amatengera mawonekedwe a zakudya komanso nyengo.

Izi zapamwamba zimakhala ndi michira yofiyira. Mkati mwa thupi muli mizere 8 yautali ya scors. Pali zikopa zinayi kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mafupa a mafupa amadutsa mbali za thupi.

Mississippi Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis).

Miyendo yake ndiyifupi, kumiyendo yakutsogolo kuli zala zisanu, ndipo pamiyendo yakumbuyo - 4. Pakati pazala kumiyendo yakumbuyo pali nembanemba. Pali mano 78-80 pakamwa. Pakamwa pakatsekedwa, m'mphepete mwa nsagwada yam'mwamba imatsekedwa ndi mano apansi, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimapezeka m'nsagwada yapamwamba. Kapangidwe kamtundu kameneka kamafanana ndi kaubweya wambiri, koma kwa ng'ona ndi ma gavials sikwachilendo, mano awo amalowa m'matumba omwe ali kunja kwa nsagwada yapamwamba.

Mtundu wapamwamba wa thupi lakumwambako ndi wobiriwira, ndipo pamimba pake ndi wachikasu. M'mitundu yayitali yakumadzulo, yopatulidwa ndi kum'mawa, nsagwada yazunguliridwa ndi mizere yoyera, ndipo utoto wake umakhala wowala.

Achinyamata ali ofanana kwathunthu ndi makulidwe akuluakulu anyani, koma thupi lakelo limapindika mikwingwirima yachikasu, yomwe imawabisalira. Popita nthawi, mikwingwirima imazirala ndikukhala zofiirira za maolivi kapena zakuda, ndipo khungu kuzungulira pakamwa limakhalabe loyera. Maso obiriwira, maolivi kapena mitundu ina.

Ngakhale the alligator ili ndi miyendo yocheperako, imathabe kugwirabe wogwirayo mwachangu.

Pike Alligator Moyo

Kutalika kwa moyo wa anyigippi a Mississippi ndikutali: zidalembedwa kuti munthu m'modzi amakhala zaka 66. The alligator adafika kumalo osungira nyama ku South Australia mu 1914, ali ndi zaka ziwiri, ndipo adakhalabe ndi moyo mpaka 1978. Koma pali umboni kuti oyambitsa ma pike omwe ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 85.

Mbalame za ku Mississippian zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana momwe zimakhala madzi abwino, pomwe zimakonda kuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Amakhala m'madambo, kunyanja, m'madziwe, mitsinje. M'madzi amchere, samatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, koma kwakanthawi amatha kukhala m'madambo a mangrove ku South Florida. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.

Mbawala za ma Pike zimalankhulana limodzi ndi mawu: makanda amapanga mawu osokosera, ndipo anthu okhwima amalira mokweza nthawi yakuswana. Omwe akumva mawu a wolimbirana akuti akufanana ndi kuphulika kwakutali kapena mabingu, ndipo onse akamayamba nyimbo zawo, chithaphwi chimayamba kugwedezeka.

Mphuno pamphepete mwa muzzle zimayikidwa m'njira yoti izitha kuloleza wopendekera wakuthwa kuti apume pomwe mutu wonse umamizidwa pansi pamadzi.

Ana obadwa kumene komanso nyama zazing'ono zimagwidwa ndi mbalame zazikulu zam'madzi, lynxes, raccoons, komanso zothamangitsa akuluakulu; kwa amuna, kubala cannibalism kuli ponseponse. Mothandizidwa ndi muzzle ndi mchira wolimba, alligators amakumba mabowo pagombe omwe amawoneka ngati ngalande zolumikizana pafupifupi mita 36 kutalika. Zitsulo izi zimatha ndi kamera. Dzenje limadzaza matope, pomwe dziwe ndi lowuma nthawi yamanyowa, alligator amapita kukasaka dziwe latsopano. Mukamabisala, ma alligator amabisala nthawi yowopsa ndikubisalira. Nthawi zambiri, amuna okalamba amakhala m'maenje omwewo chaka chilichonse.

Mwambiri, a allissators a Mississippi amakonda kukhala malo amodzi, amakhala okhazikika pazaka ziwiri zokha. Akazi amakhala m'malo ang'onoang'ono, ndipo gawo lamadera amuna limatha kupitirira mahekitala 20. Madera achimuna ndi achikazi akufalikira.

Kusaka ma pike alligators ndi zakudya zawo

Izi ndi nyama zolusa, zomwe zimadya makamaka nsomba, koma nthawi zina zimatsutsa, monga ng'ona zina, nyama zina. Akuluakulu amagunda pafupifupi cholengedwa chilichonse cham'madzi kapena cham'madzi. Maziko a chakudya chaopikera anyani akuluakulu ndi njoka, akamba, nsomba, mbalame, nyama zazing'ono ndi abale ang'onoang'ono. Ngati pafupi ndi komwe anthu amakhala, ndiye kuti onse opanga ndege amatha kuukira ziweto zazing'ono.

Zoyambitsa zazing'ono zazing'ono zimadya tizilombo tokhala m'madzi, crustaceans, achule, ndi nsomba zazing'ono; pakapita nthawi, zakudya zawo zimasiyanasiyana.

Kwa anthu, sakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, koma ngati muukwiyitsa, ndiye kuti chitha kuukira. M'malo omwe anthu amadyetsa zoweta, ndi owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa amathamangitsa munthu kuti apeze chakudya kuchokera kwa iye. Ngati alligator ali ndi njala, ndipo chakudya sichokwanira, ndiye kuti sanyalanyaza zovunda.

Makhalidwe osaka a allissators a Mississippi amatengera kutentha kwamadzi: pamtunda wochepera madigiri 20-23, ntchito zawo zimachepa ndipo chidwi chawo chimachepa kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa iwo ndi madigiri 32-35, ndipo kutentha kwa madigiri oposa 38 kumawawononga.

Woyeserera amakoka wovutayo, ndipo ataphedwa amuphwanya. Panthawi yosaka, akuwonetsa kudekha mtima: kuyika maso ndi mphuno m'madzi, amadikira maola owazunza. Pamene alligator imamira, mphuno zake zimatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi khungu la hermetic, pomwe magazi amayenda mthupi lonse. Nthawi zambiri, mkati mwa kuluma 20 koyambirira, alligator imawononga theka la mpweya wake, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mphindi khumi zotsatila.

Alligators, poyerekeza ndi adani ena, amaluma kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi nsagwada zawo zamphamvu amatha kuluma chipolopolo.

Zoyambira pike zazikulu zimasaka m'madzi. Amameza ozunzidwa awo kwathunthu.

ALLIGATOR NDI MUNTHU

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, onse a Mississippi alligator adathamangitsidwa kotero kuti adawopsezedwa kuti atheratu. Anthu adafafaniza ubweya wa khungu lawo.

Mu makumi asanu a XX m'ma ku United States, pulogalamu idapangidwa kuti izisungidwa. Kusaka izi kunali koletsedwa, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa odana nawo kunabwezeretsedwa. Pambuyo pake, alligators adachulukana kwambiri kotero kuti kuwombera kolamulidwa kunaloledwa, cholinga chake chinali kusunga ziwerengero zawo pamlingo winawake.

Kufalitsa

Ziwombankhanga zimagona usiku. Amuna amalira mokweza kwambiri zomwe zimakopa chidwi cha akazi. Wamphongo nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu kwambiri kuposa wamkazi. Asanakhwime, amasambira pang'onopang'ono pafupi ndi wokondedwa wake, kenako kusambira kupita kumbali yake, ndikugwira nsagwada zake ndikuguguda matumbo ake onse kuchokera kumwamba. Zitatha izi, nthunzi imamizidwa pang'onopang'ono m'madzi ndipo pokhapokha umuna umachitika.

Asanayike mazira, mkaziyo amamanga chisa. Chimafanana ndi udzu ndi nthambi. Danga lamtundu wotere limakhala pafupifupi 1.5 m, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 0.5 m. Pamwamba, pali malo omaka pomwe mkazi amawikira mazira, ndikuphimba ndi udzu kuchokera pamwamba. Pakutembenuka udzu komwe chisa chimapangidwamo, kutentha komwe kumafunikira kwa ana kumatha. Nthawi imeneyi ndiyowopsa kwa mbadwa za zokwawa: ngati madzi atakwera, chisa chidzakhala pansi pa madzi ndipo ana onse amafa. Ana a alligator amawoneka ngati makope ang'onoang'ono a makolo awo ndipo amawaswa pambuyo miyezi iwiri.

Pakukonzekera, wamkazi amakhala pafupi ndi chisa ndikusungira mazira ake, kuthamangitsa onse omwe akuwoneka pafupi.

Asanalire, anawo amayamba kukhazikika. Amayi amakumba chisa. Yaikazi ikulowetsa mazira pakati pa lilime ndi lilime, ndikuphwanya chipolopolo, kuthandiza ana awo kuti adzimasule. Anawo ndi a 20c cm okha, koma amadziwa kale kusambira momasuka. Moyang'aniridwa ndi mkazi, makanda amasambira m'malo ogona, komwe amakhala miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa ma pike alligators

Nyengo yakuswana kwa ma pike alligators imagwera pa Epulo-Meyi. Zachikazi ndizokonzekera kubereka mchaka cha 6 cha moyo, pamene zimakula mpaka mita 1.8, zazimuna zimayamba kubereka osaposa zaka 10-12, zikafika kutalika kwa 3.1 metres.

Mu nyengo yakukhwima, abambo amazungulira m'malo awo, akugwedeza mitu yawo ndikuwomba mafunde, nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa mawu kwambiri ndikusiya ma fungo amtundu wa minyewa. Chikazi chikabangula, champhongo chimapita kukakumana naye. Mukamachita miyambo, zibwezerazi zimakwatirana kumbuyo kwawo kapena kugundana zigawo zawo. Amakwatirana usiku.

Mwa akazi ndi amuna a Mississippi alligator, kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi zikopa za "armored".

Pokonzekera kuyikira mazira ,ikazi imapanga chisa, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ikakhala yonyowa komanso yotentha. Nthawi zambiri, zisa zimamangidwa chaka chilichonse m'malo ena. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimakumba chisa ndipo pazifukwa zina zimasiyidwa, pomwepo mzimayi winanso amazisangalatsa.

Zachikazi zimayikira mazira 20 mpaka 60, nthawi zambiri mu clutch mumakhala mazira 40-45, koma kuchuluka kwake kumafika mpaka 88. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadzuka pamwamba pamadzi, ngati chisa chatasefukira, mazira adzafa mkati mwa maola 12.

Munthawi yonse ya makulitsidwe, yomwe imatenga masiku 65, wamkazi a Mississippi alligator amayang'anira zowongolera. Imapezeka nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi chisa, kusunthira kutali ndi icho ndi mamita 150.

Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, onse oyendetsa ma pike ayamba kufinya, zomwe zimakopa chachikazi, amakumba dongo lolimba ndipo ana amatuluka, ngati mayi alibe nthawi yokumba ana, adzafa, chifukwa iwowo sangathe kutuluka. Amasinthira makamwa awo pakamwa pawo, anthu 8-10 nthawi imodzi, kumalo osungira asanasankhidwe. M'madzi, amatulutsa nsagwada ndi kugwedeza mutu kuti ana ake atuluke.

Ngati malo awo okhala adzauma, mbalame zonse zimapita kumalo ena, nthawi zina kugwiritsa ntchito malo osambira ngati pothaŵirapo.

Mayi wosamala amakhala pafupi ndi ana pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, kuwateteza kwa adani. Zoyambitsa zobadwa zatsopano zimasungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pomwe ana amuna ochokera ku akazi osiyanasiyana amatha kubwera palimodzi.

Kukula kwachinyamata kumakhala pafupi ndi malo obisalako pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, nthawi yomweyo wamkazi amayankha mokweza mawu a ana ake ndikuthamangira kukawathandiza. Ngakhale atasungidwa ndi amayi, pafupifupi 80% ya achinyamata onse amamwalira. Nthawi zina mibadwo itatu ya mkazi yemweyo imatha kukhala dziwe limodzi.

MALO OGWIRA NTCHITO

Alligator amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri m'misomba ndi mitsinje ya kwawo. Chimakhala kumadera okhala ndi chinyezi komanso kotentha. M'malo ena, madzi amasintha kwambiri, motero adaphunzira kukumba maiwe ndi kuwasamalira nthawi yachilala. Alligator amayeretsa madzi am'mizere ndi dambo lambiri, ndikukankhira kumtunda.

Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zonse ndizofunikira kwa nyama zina zomwe zimabwera kudzamtsirira. Ena mwa madamu aang'ono amenewa amalumikizidwa ndi makonde apansi panthaka. Kutentha m'makola awa kumakhala kosasinthasintha chaka chonse, motero opanga zobisala amawabisalira ku zoopsa ndipo amakhala nthawi yachisanu pano.

Pike alligators ndi anthu

Pazaka ziwiri za moyo, kutalika kwa thupi la Mississippi alligators amafika 2 metres, kuyambira pamenepo, pafupifupi palibe amene angawaopseze, kupatula munthu. Pokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa nyama zazikuluzikulu za pike, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kunachepetsedwa, mwachitsanzo, ku Louisiana, pafupifupi theka miliyoni miliyoni a Mississippi anawonongedwa mzaka 17.

Alligators amayeretsa pansi pazopumira zazing'ono za algae ndi dothi, amawalepheretsa kuchulukana ndi silt, ndikupanga malo oti azithirira nyama zina.

Zoyang'anira nyama za Pike zimasakidwa khungu lawo, zomwe zimakhala zamtengo wapatali kwambiri .. Masiku ano ku California ndi Arkansas izi zobwezeretseka zimakulidwa m'mafamu apadera a mamba. Amatumidwanso ku Florida, komwe alligat imakhala zinthu zosangalatsa kwa alendo omwe amadyetsa nyama. Florida ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mitundu yonse ya zinyama, ndipo ngakhale ziwonetsero zisanu zodzitetezera anthu akumapeto zimanenedwapo.

Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa magulu a Mississippi akhazikika, ali ndi anthu opitilira miliyoni. Pakadali pano amasiyanitsidwa ndi Red Book.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

ZONSE ZABWINO

Nyama zonse zimadyera nyama zosiyanasiyana kutengera zaka ndi kulemera. Ng'ombe zimadyanso nkhanu, tizilombo, mahule ndi achule, zomwe zimapezeka m'madambo. Nyama yonse yamizidwa yonse. Ndi zaka, amayamba kudya nsomba ndi njoka, ndipo atangotsala pang'ono kudya amangodya nsomba zokha.

Zoweta za akuluakulu akuluakulu ndizosiyanasiyana: ma fodya ndi ma muskrats omwe amabwera kudzotseketsa, amagwira moipa ngati akamba kapena njoka. Ma Waterfowl samalandidwa chidwi.

Nyama zonse zimakonda kusaka m'madzi, zomwe sizimakonda kupita kumtunda. Nyama zazing'ono zimamezedwa kwathunthu, zimakhala ndi khungu komanso chikhoto. Amagwira nyama zazikulu ndi nsagwada zawo ndikuzikoka pansi pamadzi. Kenako amang'amba zidutswa ndi kuwameza, chifukwa mano a chimbudzichi samasinthidwa kutafuna chakudya.

MALANGIZO OGULITSIRA

Alligators amasiyana ndi ng'ona makamaka mawonekedwe a mutu: imakhala ndi mutu wotalika, wosalala komanso wosalala. Pomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono, koma m'madzi imasambira mosavuta komanso mosasamala ndikusintha kukhala chiwopsezo cholusa. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala zaka 85.

Amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States. Zimafika kutalika kwa 5-8 m. Zimakhala m'madzi atsopano komanso opanda magazi. Khungu la thupi la alligator nthawi zambiri limakhala lobiriwira ndi mawanga amdima, mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi limakhala chikasu chowala. Yaikazi yoteteza nkhuku imamanga chisa chamtchire ndi udzu wokhazikika pagombe la dziwe, pomwe imayikira mazira 20 mpaka 40. Amasunga zowolokazo, kenako ndikuthandizira ana a ng'ona kuti atuluke mazira ndikuwapititsa kukamwa kwawo pamalo osungira, pomwe amateteza ana awo kwa miyezi ingapo. Chakudya chachikulu ndi nsomba, koma nthawi zina chimagwiranso nyama, mbalame ndi nyama zina.

DZIWANI IZI:

• Makolo akale a alligators, caimans, ng'ona zenizeni ndi ma gavials adakhala zaka 225-65 miliyoni zapitazo.
• Tsopano pali mitundu 21 ya ng'ona. Onsewa amakhala m'malo otentha.
• Dzinali "alligator" limachokera ku liwu la Chispanya "buluzi".
• The allissator wa Mississippi amadziwikanso kuti American alligator.

OGWIRITSITSIRA NDI Ming'alu

The Mississippi alligator ndi ng'ona yaku America zimapezeka kudera limodzi. Mitundu yonseyi ndi yofanana, koma ng'ona yaku America ndi yaying'ono poyerekeza ndi alligator. Pakamwa pa ng’ona pali kutalitali komanso kuloza pang'ono. Mamba ndi ofala kwambiri kuposa alligator. Mitundu yonseyi imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe a mutu komanso ngati mano awo apamwamba amawonekera kuchokera kunja.

The alligator ili ndi pakamwa lalifupi komanso lalifupi. Mano ake achinayi, ngati ng'ona, amalowa kudula kwa nsagwada yapamwamba, koma saoneka kuchokera kunja.

Ng'ona, mano achinayi a nsagwada yapansi ndi okulirapo kuposa ena. Amalowetsa kudula kwapadera kwa nsagwada yapamwamba, ndipo amawonekera ngakhale pakamwa atatseka.

- Kukhazikika kwa alligator wa Mississippi

Amakhala ambiri okha m'mabampu ndi m'madambo akum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, makamaka mumzinda wa Everglades ku Florida, m'chigawo cha Georgia ndi Alabama.

KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA

Chifukwa cha kuteteza kantchito, mtunduwu unapulumutsidwa kuti usathe. Tsopano nambala yake ndiyokhazikika.

Sankhani woyambitsa nyemba. Olimba Mtima Wakutchire waku Russia. Kanema (00:05:26)

The allissator wa Mississippi, kapena American alligator, ndi amodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya alligator (limodzi ndi Chinese). Amakhala ku North America. Nyama iyi ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ngati ng'ona yomwe imakhala m'madzi opanda madzi monga nyanja, mitsinje ndi madzi osambira kuchokera ku Texas kupita ku North Carolina .Atigwirizane ndi nyama zonse zomwe zimadya nsomba, nyama zakuthambo, nyama zapambuyo, mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono. Anthu obadwa kumene amadya kwambiri ma invertebrates.
Nyama iyi ndi yomwe ili mmayiko atatu aku America: Florida, Louisiana ndi Mississippi.
Mu kanemayu tiona momwe angagwirire alligator mosamala. Tiziganizira kuchokera patali kwambiri, komanso kudziwana ndi luso lake lapadera

Ming'alu ndi Alligators. Kanema (00:03:02)

Ming'alu ndi Alligators

Mamba (lat. Crocodilia) - gulu la ma nyama am'madzi (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'gulu la "zodzoladzola"). Amakhulupirira kuti ng'ona zidawoneka zaka pafupifupi 250 miliyoni zapitazo mu nthawi ya Triassic. Mwa zolengedwa zamoyo, abale apafupi kwambiri a ng’ona ndi mbalame (abale apamtima kapenanso mbadwa za archosaurs). Ng'ona zonse zomwe zilipo masiku ano ndi nyama zomwe zimadyera madzi am'madzi, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi, pafupi ndi madzi, ndi nyama zomwe zimabwera kudzathirira chakudya.

Alligator (lat.Alligator) - mtundu womwe umaphatikiza mitundu iwiri yokha yamakono: the American or Mississippian alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) ndi Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis).

Amasiyana ndi ena oimira kakhwalidwe kakang'ono m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo maso awo amapezeka mosavuta (kumtunda kwa thupi). Mtundu wa mitundu yonse yodziwikayo ndi wakuda, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi wakuda, koma zimatengera mtundu wa madzi ozungulira - pamaso pa algae amatha kukhala obiriwira kwambiri. Ngati madziwo ali ndi tannic acid ambiri ochokera pamitengo yokulirapo, ndiye kuti mtunduwo umakhala wakuda. Poyerekeza ndi ng'ona zenizeni (Crocodylus), mano apamwamba okha ndi omwe amawonekera mu alligator ndi chibwano chatsekedwa, ngakhale mwa anthu ena mano amakhala opunduka kotero izi zimapangitsa kuzindikira.