Nutria ndi mtundu wina wa makoswe omwe amakhala makamaka ku South America.
Anthu amabweretsa nutria ku Asia, Europe ndi Africa, koma nyama zinkangoyendera madera ena okha.
Nutria (Myocastor coypus).
Nutria ndi nyama yokonda kutentha yomwe imafa nthawi yozizira. Makoko awa amatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana omwe amafa. Akachulukana kwambiri, amatha kuvulaza chilengedwe, kuwononga mbewu zam'madzi zonse. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbewu zomwe zikukula m'mbali mwa gombelo, gombe limatsika.
Nutria ndi nyama zotuluka, ndizosavuta kuzisintha.
Mawonekedwe a natiria
M'mawonekedwe, natiyria ndi wofanana ndi womata. Koma beaver imakhala ndi mchira wosalala komanso wotambalala, pomwe mtedza umakhala ndi mchira wozungulira komanso woonda.
Nutria ali ngati chakumwa.
Mutu wa nyama ndi waukulu, koma makutu ake ndi maso ake ndi ochepa. Chizindikiro ndichopanda ndi ndevu zazitali. Zoyambitsa kutsogolo za utoto wachikasu ndi lalanje zimawonekera pakamwa. Miyendo ndi yayitali kutalika, nembanemba amapezeka pakati pa zala. Nsonga ya muzzle imapangidwa ndi ubweya woyera. Mchirawo ndi wamaliseche, wokutidwa ndi khungu loyipa. Nutria akasambira, mchira umakhala ngati chiwombankhanga.
Nutria amakhala ndi ubweya wolephera, wopanda madzi. Chovala cha ubweya chimakhala ndi undercoat. Kumbuyo, mtundu wake ndi woderapo, ndipo kumbali zake ubweya ndi wofiirira wowoneka bwino ndi utoto pang'ono wachikasu. Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri umatengedwa kuti ndi ubweya womwe nutria amavala kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika.
Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 40-60. Mchirawo ndi wautali - 30-45 sentimita. Nutria amalemera mkati mwa ma kilogalamu 5-9. Akazi amalemera ochepera amuna.
Wamkazi nutria wokhala ndi mwana.
Makhalidwe Abwino a Nutria
Nutria amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi. Nyama zimakonda dziwe komanso dambo lokhala ndi madzi osayenda. Onetsetsani kuti pali mbewu zambiri pagombe. Nyama ziwonetsa zochitika usiku.
Zakudya za nutria zimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba. Nyamazo sizimangodya zokha, mizu yake imagwiritsidwanso ntchito, zomwe zimayipa malo. Tsiku lililonse, michere imatha mpaka 25% yakulemera thupi.
Akazi amamanga zisa m'mizere yowerengeka yomwe amabereka ana. Akhozanso kukumba maenje kumtunda. Nora ali ndi njira zovuta kuzinthu zingapo.
Nutria amakhala m'mabanja a anthu 10. Maguluwa amakhala achimuna, achikazi komanso achichepere. Amuna amene afika pa kutha msinkhu amasiya mabanja ndikuyamba kukhala pawokha. Nutria imalowa mumadzi ndikusambira mwangwiro. Amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi mpaka mphindi 8. Izi makoko sizisunga chakudya chamtsogolo. Nyama sizikhala m'malo osungirako kuzizira nyengo yozizira. Nutria ndi nyama zothamanga zomwe zimakhala ndi makutu opangidwa bwino, koma mawonekedwe osawonekera. Mukuthamanga, makoko awa amalumpha mtunda wautali.
Nutria ndi herbivore.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Pa miyezi itatu, zazikazi zimatha msambo, ndipo kwa abambo pa miyezi inayi. Nthawi ya bere ndi masiku 130. Yaikazi imatha kubereka kuyambira mwana wakhanda mmodzi mpaka 13. Thupi la ana ake limaphimbidwa ndi ubweya kwathunthu, kuwonjezera apo, amatha kuwona. Pakangopita maola ochepa, makanda amatha kudya panjira ndi makolo awo. Ana samasiya mayi kwa masabata 7-8, kenako amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Kwa chaka, wamkazi amakwanitsa kupanga malita awiri. Ali ku ukapolo, nutria amakhala pafupifupi zaka 6, ndipo kuthengo nthawi yawo yamoyo ndiyofupikirako, zimakhala zaka 3 zokha.
Wachinyamata wa nutria.
Ubale ndi munthu
Ubweya wa nutria umakhala wamtengo wapatali pamalonda; chifukwa chake, nyama zimawetedwa pamafamu apadera. Pa zaka 9 mpaka 10, nyama zimaphedwa. Nyama yudya ya nutria, kuphatikiza apo, imakhala ndi cholesterol yotsika. Koma pazifukwa zina, nyama ya nyama sizofunikira kwambiri ogula. Nthawi zambiri imagulidwa ndi osauka.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kufotokozera kwamkati
M'makhalidwe ake akunja, nutria ndi ofanana ndi khola lalikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la ntchentche mpaka 60 cm, mchirawo ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45, kulemera kwa mtedza kumachokera ku 5 mpaka 12 kg. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa akazi.
Zolimbitsa thupi ndi zolemetsa ndimutu waukulu, maso ang'ono ndi makutu. Ziwawa ndizochepa. Nkhope yake ndiyosalala, ndipo ndimayang'ana pamenepo. Zomwe amazipangira ndi lalanje owala.
Moyo wam'madzi wamadzi umatsimikizira zina mwazinthu zachilengedwe zamtunduwu. Chifukwa chake, kutseguka kwamkaka kwa nutria kumakhala ndi minyewa yotseka yokhazikika ndipo imatsekedwa mwamphamvu ngati pakufunika. Milomo yakutsogolo imasiyanitsidwa, yotsekedwa kumbuyo kwa zitsulo, izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo izitula mbewu pansi pamadzi ndipo nthawi imeneyi isalole madzi kukamwa. Nembanemba amapezeka pakati pa zala zakumiyendo ya kumbuyo. Mchira wake ndi wozungulira, wopanda tsitsi, nkhope yake imakutidwa ndi khungu, kwinaku ndikusambira mchira wa nutria ngati chiwongolero. Magulu 4-5 a mabere am'mimba ndi ma nipples ali pamalo okwera azimayi a nutria, kuti ana athe kulandira chakudya ngakhale m'madzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, nutria imakhala ndi ubweya wopanda madzi, womwe umakhala ndi nsapato zazitali zopota komanso chikwama chofiirira chakudontha. M'mphepete, chovalacho ndichopepuka, chili ndi chikasu chachikasu. Pamiyeso ndi mbali zake, ndimakungoyala kuposa kumbuyo, ndicholinga choti lisunge kutentha pamunsi. Kukhetsa mu akulu kumachitika pang'onopang'ono chaka chonse. Imayenda pang'onopang'ono pakati pa chilimwe (kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti) komanso nthawi yozizira (kuyambira Novembala mpaka March). Nutria imakhala ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi.
Nutria zakudya
Nutria ndi nyama yodziwika bwino kwambiri. Amadyetsa nthangala, masamba, nzimbe ndi masamba amphaka. Komanso mu zakudya zamakolo ndimabango, zifuwa zamadzi, kakombo wamadzi, ndi madzi ofiira. Nthawi zina, nutria amadya nyama (leeches, mollusks), koma pokhapokha ngati sipakhala masamba okwanira.
Kufalikira kwa Nutria
Kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe cha nutria kumaphatikizapo gawo lakumwera kwa South America, kuyambira ku Bolivia ndi kumwera kwa Brazil mpaka Tierra del Fuego. Pambuyo pake, nyamayo idayambitsidwa ndikuyambira kumayiko ambiri ku Europe, Asia, North America. Koma ku Africa, nutria sanali oyamikiridwa. Amapezeka ku Caucasus, Kyrgyzstan ndi Tajikistan. Kutengera nyengo nyengo, kugawa kwa nutria kumasintha nthawi yozizira. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1980s, nyengo yozizira kwambiri idayambitsa kutha kwa mafuta m'thupi ku Scandinavia ndi kumpoto kwa United States.
Makhalidwe a Nutria
Nutria ali ndi moyo wamadzi. Nyamayi imakhala m'malo osungirako okhala ndi madzi osayenda kapena madzi oyima, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ma alder-sedge, pomwe zimera zam'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimadya. Nutria amadziwa kusambira komanso kuyenda mwamphamvu. Amakhala pansi pa madzi mpaka mphindi 10. Kuchokera pamoto iwo amabisala mumthunzi.
Zimalepheretsa nutria ya nkhalango zosatha; m'mapiri sizimaposa 1200 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Nutria nthawi zambiri imalekerera chisanu mpaka-35 ° C, koma nthawi zambiri siyabwino kwa nyengo yozizira. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyamayo samamanga malo odalirika ozizira komanso ozizira, chifukwa nthawi yozizira simapanga chakudya, mosiyana ndi beaver kapena muskrat. Kuphatikiza apo, mtedzawu suyenda bwino pansi pa ayezi, ukamira m'madzi oundana, sungathe kupeza njira yakufa.
Muzochilengedwe, nutria amagwira ntchito usiku.
Nutria ndi ndodo zapakati-zamaulendo; chakudya chikakhala chochuluka komanso malo okhala, samayenda patali. Zomera zimatulutsidwa ndipo zimapuma zisa zotseguka, zomwe zimamangidwa pamatumba ndi m'nkhokwe za bango ndi malo ogulitsa, kuchokera kumitengo yawo. M'mphepete mwa mtedza, makungu amatuluka, mayendedwe osavuta ndi kayendedwe kazovuta. Mutha kuwapeza panjira zomwe zikuponderezedwa ndi makoswe pazomera zowazungulira. Nutria nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu a anthu 2-13, omwe amaphatikizapo akazi achikulire, ana ndi amuna. Amuna achichepere amakhala imodzi nthawi.
Coypu imakhala ndi makutu olimba, nyama imathamanga mwachangu. Masomphenya ndi kununkhira sizinapangidwe bwino.
Kufalikira kwa Nutria
Nutria imatha kubereka pachaka chonse ndipo imakonda nyama. Nthawi zogonana kwambiri mwa amuna zimabwerezedwa masiku 25-30 alionse. Zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimasala ma lita a 2-3 pachaka ndi mpaka 10 ma cubs kamodzi, kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Mimba imatenga masiku 127 mpaka 132. Kukula kwamankhwala achinyamata kumakhalabe mpaka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mu zaka 3-4, chonde cha nutria chimachepa
Nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa nutria ndi zaka 8-10.
Zambiri Zosangalatsa
- Nutria ndi chinthu chosodza komanso kuswana. Nyamayi imasungidwa m'khola, yopangidwa ndi nyumba yapadera yoyenda ndi dziwe. Zinthu zopanda theka m'makola otseguka ndi zina zaulere zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Pamafamu, nutria imaweta monga mtundu wa bulauni, komanso utoto, woyera, wakuda, pinki, beige, golide. Khungu limaphedwa ali ndi miyezi 8-9. Fur yokhala ndi nkhwangwa yayitali imakhala ndi phindu lalikulu. Nutria imapangidwanso kuti ipeze nyama. Chimakoma chabwino ndipo chimadziwika ngati chida chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, nutria imasungidwa ndikusungidwa ngati chiweto.
- Famu yoyamba kubereka ya nutria idakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa XIX - koyambirira kwa zaka za XX ku Argentina. Pambuyo pake, makoko awa adadziwitsidwa ku United States, Europe ndi Asia. Komanso kuvomerezedwa kwa nutria kunachitika bwino ku Transcaucasia, Georgia, ndi Tajikistan.
- M'mayiko ena, michere yamtchire imadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo chifukwa imadya mbewu zam'madzi, imawononga njira zothirira, madamu komanso imasowetsa mitsinje.