Chiyambi
Kodi kwenikweni nkhuku za ku Galoshenny sizikudziwika. Komabe, genetics inatsogolera mitundu ingapo:
- Mwa kudutsa kulhhuns ndi mbalame zina zosadziwika,
- Mzerewu umakhazikitsidwa ndi nkhuku za ku Malay ndi kokhinkhins.
Adayamba kuyankhulidwa ku Vienna mu 1875. Ndipo pofika 1930, mbalame zidali zambiri ku USSR, Hungary, Romania ndi Austria.
Mu 1905, mtunduwu unkadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wamtunda. Akulu awo adakhala galosheyny wamba, omwe adawoloka ndi bendamkami waku Germany. Mzerewu sunali wofalikira, unkawonetsedwa kokha pazolinga zowonetsera.
Tambala wa Holosheynoy bentami wapafupi.
Kubzala nkhuku
Awa ndi mbalame zolimba, zophatikiza ndi thupi lozungulira. Chochititsa chidwi ndi khosi lopanda kanthu komanso tsekwe, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mphete ya nthenga. Mtundu wa khungu pakhosi ndi ofiira owala.
Malinga ndi ndemanga, mtundu wa nkhuku za Golosheyny ndi gulu lomwe limakula mwachangu, limadyetsedwa bwino. Nyama imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino. Nyama imasiyanitsidwa ndi ma shank onenepa.
Amakhala odekha komanso osadzuka, amalola kuzizira komanso chisanu (onani chithunzi pansipa). Akazi achikulire ndi nkhuku yabwino kwambiri. Nkhuku zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira, zoyambirira zoyambidwa ndi nthenga. Ana amatenga oviposition ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 5.5. Mazira ali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino.
Ndi chakudya choyenera, thukuta lolemera limafika 3 makilogalamu, nkhuku imapeza kulemera mpaka 2,5 kg.
Nkhuku za Galosh zimatenga mazira pafupifupi 180 mchaka choyamba kusunga, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mazira kufika pa 150. mchaka chachiwiri cha ulimi. Mazira amakhala ndi choyera, chofewa nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa chipolopolo. Unyinji wa dzira limodzi ndi magalamu 55.
Ndemanga za Alimi: Nkhuku za Galoshenny zimathamanga mofatsa nyengo yozizira, ndikuchepetsa zokolola zake. Ndi kudya kwabwino, kulemera kwa dzira limodzi kumafika mpaka 70 magalamu.
Mawonekedwe
Nkhuku za Galoshenny zimabwera m'mitundu ingapo:
- phala,
- buluu wokhala ndi malire
- ofiira
- hawvak
- wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga oyera.
Otsamira, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mtunduwu, akuyenera kukhala ofiira, ochepa kukula, koma osakwanira pang'ono. Mano pa crest amazunguliridwa bwino. Oyimira ena amakhala ndi pinki crest. Mphete ndi ndolo ndi zofiira, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Mtundu wa maso umatengera maula. Mazu akuda a ntchentche amasiyanitsidwa ndi mpweya wofiira wakuda. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya roosters ndi khosi la neoplastic la mawonekedwe opindika mwa mawonekedwe a S..
Miyendo ya mbalame ndiyolimba. Nthenga zimakula mikwingwirima, koma kuphimba kwathunthu miyendo yotsika, sipayenera kukhala ndi malo owerera. Mbali yachilengedwe ya nkhuku ya khomo lachiberekero ndi malo osakhazikika mkati mwa mwendo wakumbuyo mwa mawonekedwe amakono atatu.
Zomwe zimanenedwa pembrake
- Mtundu wachikasu pakhungu.
- Kusapezeka kwa kanyimbo kamene kali kamkati mkati mwa mwendo wapansi.
- Maso amdima komanso tsekwe kwambiri.
- Cholembera choyera. Lolani mtundu wachikasu wachokha cholembera mwa ana.
- Mtundu wachikasu cha nthenga, ndodo zofanana ndi nthenga.
- Kukhalapo kwa nthenga zambiri zakuda pazambiri zam'mimba.
- Mtundu woyenera wa cholembera, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira.
- Nthenga zopukutira thupi lonse la mbalame.
Kutsekera kwa nkhuku ya Nightingale (chithunzi chimawonjezeka).
Ndemanga za alimi a nkhuku mothandizana kunena kuti nkhuku za Galoshaev zimamera bwino m'malo otentha, komanso zimalekerera masiku ozizira mosavutikira. Nthawi imeneyi, magazi amathamangira kukhosi, omwe amalepheretsa kuzizira. Chifukwa cha izi, ndikotheka kumasula nkhuku poyenda ngakhale nthawi yozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, chidwi chachikulu chimayenera kulipidwa ku chipinda chomwe nkhuku zimasungidwa. Iyenera kukhala yotentha ndi mpweya wabwino. Kutentha m'nyumba sikuyenera kugwa pansi madigiri 0. Makulidwewo amawonedwa ngati kusinthasintha kwa zizindikiro kuchokera ku +5 mpaka +15 madigiri.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kutentha kwam'munsi m'nyumba kumatsika, mbalame zimadyanso kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira kubwezeretsanso mphamvu zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake kukonza makinawo nthawi yachisanu popanda kuwotcha chipinda chowonjezera ndiokwera mtengo.
Mosiyana ndi maonekedwe, a Galosheyks amamverera kunja kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira kutulutsa mbalameyo kuti iziyenda nthawi yozizira ngati kutentha sikunatsikire pansi--15 madigiri. Pamatenthedwe ocheperako, kuchuluka ndi nthawi yoyenda pamafunika kuchepetsedwa.
Kanema wachidule wa nsapato za Galoshenny amakupatsani chithunzi chokwanira:
Kudyetsa
Nkhuku za Galoshenny zimagawidwa ngati mtundu wosabereka, kudyetsa zomwe sizibweretsa mavuto ambiri. Alimi a nkhuku odziwa zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo podyetsa nkhuku.
Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa alimi, nkhuku za galoshih nkhuku zimakula bwino pakudya cha broiler kwa miyezi inayi. Kenako amasinthidwa kukhala onyowa osakaniza, omwe amakhala ndi zosakaniza zosaphika za chimanga: chimanga, tirigu, oats, barele, nandolo. Mu chakudya cha nkhuku nsomba zonyansa ziyenera kukhalapo mu kuchuluka kwa 5-7% ya unyinji wa tirigu ndi mbewa wamafuta.
M'masiku oyambilira, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa ndi tirigu wosenda, ndikuwonjezera mazira owiritsa. Kuyambira masiku 4-5, amadyera, kaloti, mbatata yophika ndi beets zimayambitsidwa muzakudya zazinyama zazing'ono. Pakutha miyezi iwiri, chimanga chimawonjezeredwa ndi osakanikirana, omwe amaletsa kunenepa kwambiri m'matumbo ndi mafuta a nsomba. Nkhuku zazikulu zimayenera kulandira chakudya cha yisiti, masamba, zinthu zamkaka ndi zipolopolo zosweka, zomwe zimabwezeretsanso calcium ndikuthandizira kupewa chakudya.
Mosasamala zakudya, chakudya chimayenera kuperekedwa maola awiri aliwonse. Zakudya zonse zomwe sizinawonongeke zimayenera kuchotsedwa ku ana, kutsukiradi zakudyetsa, zomwe zingathandize kukhalanso ndi anapiye.
Nkhuku za Galoshenny zimakula bwino pamaso pa bwalo loyenda, izi ndi mbalame zopanda zinthu zam'manja, zimafunikira dzuwa. Mukamayenda tambala amapeza zakudya zonse zobiriwira, zomwe zimachepetsa kumwa kwa tirigu. Madzi ayenera kupezeka nthawi zonse mbalame.
Chakudyacho chikuyenera kukhala ndi mbewu ndi masamba, zomwe zimapatsa mbalameyi mavitamini ndi michere yokwanira. Akuluakulu atagona nkhuku amayenera kulandira chakudya kawiri pa tsiku. Kudyetsa koyamba kumatha kuchitika ndi phala lonyowa, ndipo chachiwiri ndi chakudya chamagulu.
Zakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi: 130 magalamu a chakudya patsiku 1 nkhuku imodzi yayikulu yolemera 2 kg. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa magalamu 250 aliwonse, onjezani mpaka magalamu 10.
A gulu laulere ochokera ku famu "LPH Moroshkino", dera la Smolensk, der. Vinnitsa.
Mbiri pang'ono
Dziko la nkhuku za goloshenny silidziwika kwenikweni (nthawi zambiri limaganiziridwa kuti Spain), koma adabwera ku Russia kuchokera ku Hungary ndi Romania zaka zana zapitazo, chifukwa chake ankatcha mtundu kuti Transylvanian. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mayina oyambira - malinga ndi imodzi mwa izo, mbalamezo zidawoneka chifukwa chodutsa nkhuku zomenyera ku India ndi mitundu ina. Mtundu wina umati "maliseche" mu nkhuku ndizosowa zachilengedwe zomwe zimafalikira kumibadwo yamtsogolo. Ngakhale zili choncho, nthumwi za mtunduwu zili ponseponse m'maiko ena ku Europe (Austria, Moldova), ndikupezekanso kumadera akumwera kwa Russian Federation.
Mitundu ya nkhuku
Kugawa
Pa chiwonetsero cha nkhuku ku Vienna, thukuta la anapiye adalowetsedwa mu 1875, kenako obereketsa ochokera ku Europe ndi USSR adayamba kubereka.
Achiberekezi aku France adapitiliza kukonza machitidwe amtundu wa kuyala nkhuku ndi khosi lopanda kanthu, koma zoweta zomwe sizinakhale ngati nkhuku za Transylvanian.
Mitundu ya nappies ikufunikira ku Austria ndi Germany, sichikupezeka kawirikawiri m'dziko lathu lalikulu, ndipo alimi aku US amakonda nkhuku zina.
Kufotokozera
Kuperewera kwamafuta m'magawo ena amthupi mu nkhuku zokhala ndi thukuta kumalongosoledwa ndi ma genetic - masamba ophatikizana a nthenga. Nkhuku zoswidwa kale zimakhala ndi khosi lopanda kanthu, ndipo pakapita nthawi, khungu pakhungu limakhala loyipa, lofiira komanso khwinya. Kumbuyo kwa mutu wa mbalamezo, kumapangidwa malo aang'ono ofanana ndi chipewa, ndipo kutsogolo kwa khosi kumapangika chinthu chokhala ngati uta kapena kolala. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhuku zoterezi sizikhala ndi mapiko pansi pa mapiko ndi mkati mwa miyendo yawo.
Kuswana nkhuku
Chidziwitso: jini yomwe imayambitsa kunja kwa nymphs ndiyambiri - mwanjira ina, mbalame zamtunduwu zikamadutsana ndi nkhuku zina, zimakhalanso ndi khosi lamaliseche.
Mtundu wa nkhuku za golosheynnyh ukhoza kukhala aliyense - wakuda ndi bulauni wokhala ndi splashes yaying'ono, kapena motley komanso wowala. Amachita zambiri, thupi ndi lamphamvu, lili ndi chifuwa chachikulu, chachikulu, mapiko satsatira thupi ndipo amatsitsidwa pang'ono. Zolemba zina zimaphatikizapo mutu wawung'ono wotakata, maso ofiira ngati chikaso, korona komanso masikono ofiira kapena ofiira, mulomo wopindika pang'ono womwe umakhala ndi chikaso chakuda kapena chamdima. Miyendo ndiyifupi koma yamphongo ndi zala zinayi.
Nkhuku yokhala ndi mapiko oyera
Kuphatikiza pa khosi lopanda, pali zizindikiro zina zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa mtundu uwu wa mbalame ndi zina zonse. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zam'mawa siziyenera kukhala ndi maso akuda, ndolo zoyera ndi malo owoneka achikaso m'malo opanda mapaya, oyera oyera kapena oyera akuda. Zizindikiro zofananazi zitha kuwonetsa kukwatirana kapena kufala.
Nkhukuzo zimakhala zodekha komanso zamtendere - siziyambitsa ndewu ndikugwirizana bwino ndi onse okhala pabwalo la mbalame. Makhalidwe amaphatikizanso nkhawa yowonjezera komanso mantha a magawo. Koma obzala amatha kukhala ankhanza kwambiri, ndikuwopseza osati amuna ena okha, komanso kwa eni ake.
Jackpot Kuku ndi Tambala
Zosiyanasiyana
Mtundu wa nkhuku za Transylvanian umaperekedwa mumitundu ingapo.
Mtundu wakuda wa nthenga wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera umadziwika bwino kuma famu aku Russia, omwe amafotokozera nthano za ubale wamabanja wokhala ndi ma turkeys okhala ndi nthenga zofananira.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa timasiyana timitundu tating'ono tofiirira, tomwe timatanthauzira m'makola ndi amuna.
Masamba ofiira amafanana ndi phala, koma amakhala ndi nthenga zofiira kapena zamkuwa.
Mtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi malire - gawo lake limakutidwa ndi nthenga za buluu zokhala ndi pachimake pachimaso, chilichonse chimazunguliridwa ndi malire amdima. Zowonjezerazo zikuwoneka zochititsa chidwi mosiyana ndi khosi lofiirira.
Makongoletsedwe a Hawk - nthenga zopepuka za chokoleti zomwe zimakonda kupanga mitundu yakuda pafupi ndi mchira ndi msana.
Nthenga zoyera - thupi la nkhuku laphimbidwa kwathunthu ndi nthenga zoyera.
Mitundu yamtundu wa nkhuku za mtundu wa galosh zimayamba kuzika mizu mu bwalo, palibe mgwirizano pakati pa khungu la cholembera ndi zipatso.
Galosheyk atangoyamba kupanga mazira, amasinthasintha mwachilengedwe, samfa ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi.
The Naked Gene
Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, nkhuku za mtundu wa tambala zimafanana ndi ma turkeys chifukwa cha khosi lofiirira lomwe silikupezeka. Kupatula khosi, madera omwe ali pansi pa mapiko ndi pa goiter amakhalabe opanda, ndipo palinso malo opanda kanthu pansi pa miyendo.
Mitundu yamitundu iliyonse imamveka ngati yopanda kanthu kapena yodwala, koma mawonekedwe amabala pamtundu wa thupi ndi gawo losiyanitsa mitundu.
M'malo ovumbuluka otchedwa aptheria ndimabowo obiriwira obiriwira. Kuyika kwa chizindikiro chachikulu cha aptheria kumachitika nthawi ya embryonic.
Chofanana ndi nkhuku chikufotokozedwa munkhani ya "Spanish Galosheki: Kufotokozera Kwa Kukuwa Kwa Kuku".
Mawonekedwe
Makhalidwe a kunja kwa khomo lachiberekero: cylindrical mawonekedwe otsika thupi, minofu yowoneka bwino yokhudza kumbuyo ndi pamimba, yofooka yofanana ndi mapiko otsegukira thupi. Mutu yaying'ono, maso ofiira. Miyendo yamphamvu yotalika pakatikati.
Khosi silili lalitali, koma chifukwa chodziwika bwino limawoneka ngati lalitali. Consst ili pa dera la occipital, ndipo mthenga wopanga uta wokhala kutsogolo kwa khosi amakhala kutsogolo kwa khosi. Mchira womwe wakula umadzuka.
Mtundu wotseguka wa nkhuku umadziwika ndi maula ochepa, omwe amafotokozera mosavuta kubudula nyama. Poyerekeza ndi Mitundu ina ya nthenga yochepera theka.
Zabwino ndi zovuta za mtundu wotseguka
Alimi ambiri amawona kuti makutu amtundu wa omwe akuyimira mtunduwu ndiwowoyipa, koma zoona zake kuti mawonekedwe amtunduwu ali ndi zabwino zambiri.
- Tambala tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tiziromboti, ndipo machitidwe awo osungunuka amatuluka mwachangu.
- Kudula nkhuku kumakhala kosavuta, ndipo nyama yakuwotchera imawoneka bwino.
- Kambuku kabowoleredwe kamathandiza kuti oeta nkhuku azilamulira kuchuluka kwa mbalamezo.
- Ndikosatheka kutaya oimira ichi - chifukwa cha kunja, amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mbalame zoyandikana.
Nkhuku za Galoshenny zimadziwika pakati pa mitundu ina
Zonsezi pamwambapa zitha kudziwikiridwa kuti zakhazikika, makomedwe abwino a nyama komanso kumasuka mosavuta. Zowonazo ndizopanga kupanga mazira ochepa komanso mawonekedwe osazolowereka - si alimi onse omwe akufuna kubereka nappies.
Zithunzi za nkhuku za tambala
Zoyipa za muyezo
Amayang'anira kusungidwa kwa muyezo, apo ayi kusinthika kwa nkhuku za mtundu wa nkhuku kumayambira.
Ngati khungu la chikasu likuwoneka pansi pachikuto cha nthenga, mbalameyo imapindika. Kupatuka kokha kuchokera ku lamulo kukukula kwachinyamata. Ndikofunika kudikirira kuti mbalamezo zizikula kuti zitha kulakwitsa.
Hens omwe ali ndi zilema zotsatirazi angatsutsidwe:
- pamiyendo palibe mafinya,
- khungu lakuda la nkhope ndi maso,
- madera ambiri owonetsa mbali yakumaso,
- khosi ndi chotupa chidakutidwa ndi nthenga,
- utoto wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira,
- mafupa ofooka okhala ndi minyewa yapachifuwa yopanda kufalikira.
Pamawonetsero a nkhuku, mtundu wa Transylvanian wa nkhuku umakopa chidwi chowoneka. Mtundu wa kuchuluka kwa mbalame siunatchulidwe ndi muyezo, ngakhale utoto wa cockoo umawoneka wokondweretsa kwambiri.
Ubwino wabwino
Anapiye a agalu amapangira zabwino zingapo:
- kulowa koyambirira kwa kupanga mazira,
- Zakudya nyama zimatikumbutsa za Turkey
- kuchuluka kwa nkhuku komanso kupulumuka kwa nkhuku - pafupifupi 95%,
- osazindikira mtundu wa chakudya,
- mbalame makamaka molts poyerekeza Mitundu ina,
- kukhudzana pang'ono ndi nthenga za nthenga
- kuzolowera nyengo yachisanu komanso yotentha,
- kuwunika kuchuluka kwa nkhuku pamtunda wowonekera.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa mazira akuluakulu a nkhuku ya mtundu wa cockshell kumadziwika. Pamsika, mazira 62 g okhala ndi mitengo yolimba ya beige kapena zipolopolo zachikaso akufuna.
Nkhuku za Transylvanian zimazolowera nyengo yam'derali ndi nyengo yotentha komanso nyengo yotentha. Zimakopa kukhazikika kwa mbalame, kukhazikika kwa dzira, kuthekera kosasunga zinyalala zakukhitchini.
Ngati mukufuna kupeza obwereketsa phata, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwerenge nkhani ya "Dakan Fighting Roosters".
Zoyipa zazing'ono
Alimi ena amasinthidwa ndi mbalame yokhala ndi khosi lopanda kanthu, ngakhale kuti ziweto zimakonda nyama ndi dzira.
Kupanga mazira ochepa a nkhuku zokwanira kumadziwika. Koma ndikuyambitsa mavitamini muzakudya, zokolola zimachulukanso.
Nkhuku zimasowa nzeru za amayi.
Poyerekeza ndi zolakwa, kuphatikiza zabwino zambiri kumatchulidwa, ndipo kuweta nkhuku za mtundu wa galosheyk kudzabweretsa chisangalalo chochuluka. Ngakhale nkhuku zowala bwino zikakwera m'munda wapafupi, zimatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mauta am'khosi pakhosi pawo.
Mbalame zoweta
Monga lamulo, nkhuku zokhala ndi nkhuku sizizidulira zazikulu - zimapezeka makamaka kwa alimi a nkhuku. Zabwino kwambiri zidzakhala ng'ombe, pomwe nkhuku 10 zimakhala ndi tambala m'modzi. Zigawo ndizabwino pantchito yawo yopanda amuna, koma kupezeka kwa "wamwamuna" mu nkhuku kumawonjezera kwambiri mazira.
Ndikofunika kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nkhuku ndi tambala mu gulu
Ndikwabwino kulima nyama zazing'ono mothandizidwa ndi chofungatira, popeza chibadwa cha makulidwe sichimatchulidwa kwambiri. Nthawi zina kuyikira nkhuku mazira kapena kusiya zisa kale asanakhale anapiye.Poika chofungatira, muyenera kutenga mazira oyera aang'ono-osapitilira masiku asanu, mukatha kuonetsetsa kuti pakalibe cholakwika chilichonse ndi zolakwika. Kutentha kwa chipinda ndi madigiri 20 mpaka 22 (Zizindikiro zotsika madigiri 15 zimawonedwa kuti sizovomerezeka).
Mitengo ya mazira
M'masiku oyamba amoyo, thanzi la nkhuku zachisangalalo zimadalira momwe akukonzera, ndikofunikira kuti obetsa akhale ndi mwayi wokhala nawo. Sungani ziweto zoyera m'chipinda choyera komanso chowuma, koma popanda kukonzekera, nthawi yozizira - mu wowonjezera kutentha (anapiye samalola kuzizira). Kutengera mikhalidwe yonse, kuchuluka kwa nyama zazing'onoting'ono kumatsalira pafupifupi 95%.
Kutentha kachipinda komwe nkhuku zimasungidwa kuyenera kufanana ndi ziwerengero zotsatirazi:
- kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 - madigiri 29-30,
- kuyambira pa 6 mpaka tsiku la 13 - madigiri 26-28.
Kenako, kupitirira milungu iwiri, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, mpaka kumabweretsa chiwonetsero cha madigiri 18 - ndiye kutentha kwabwino kwa anapiye pamwezi. Kuchulukana kwa nyama zazing'ono ndi:
- mpaka sabata la 4 - 25 nkhuku / sq.m.,
- kuyambira pa 5 mpaka sabata 10 - 10-17 nkhuku / sq.m.,
- kuyambira 10th mpaka 20 sabata - 10 nkhuku / sq.m.
Pofuna kuti ana asatenthedwe, ayenera kuyika pansi - mapepala, owazidwa pamwamba ndi chakudya chophatikizika ndi chimanga. Masiku khumi oyambirira kubadwa kwa nyama zazing'ono amafunika kudyetsedwa maola awiri aliwonse. Kudya kwa ana-mphuno sikusiyana ndi chikhalidwe chodyetsa nkhuku zatsopano za mitundu ina. Choyamba amayamba kuphika chimanga chophika ndi mazira ophika ndi tchizi, chomwe chimasinthidwa ndi chakudya chapadera cha nkhuku. Kuchokera pa tsiku la 4-5, amadyera amawonjezeredwa ku zakudya za ana; pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, mutha kupereka othandizira pa yogurt kapena msuzi wa nyama.
Kuku Mash
Kuyambira kuyambira wazaka ziwiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa chimanga mumakhuku a nkhuku, zomwe sizimalola kunenepa kwambiri kuti zikule ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakwaniritsa bwino ana.
Kuti nkhuku zizikhala ndi thanzi, zimayenera kupatsidwa mavitamini ndi calcium (monga ma mazira ophwanya kapena choko chophwanyika), ndipo ngati anapiyewo satuluka pakuwala, ayenera kupatsidwa mafuta a nsomba.
M'badwo wa nkhuku, masiku | 1-5 | 6-10 | 11-20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-50 | 51-60 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 28 | 38 | 45 | |
1 | 1,5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
Mbatata yophika, g | - | - | 4 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 20 |
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 30 | |
- | 0,2 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,2 | 1,5 | 2 | |
1 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 17 | 20 | |
1 | 0,2 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 1 |
Njira zodyetsa ziweto zazing'ono ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mwamphamvu kuti anthu amphamvu asathamangitse ofooka. Mukatha kudya, onetsetsani kuti mukupita ndi nkhuku zonse - anapiye omwe amasowa, muyenera kudyetsa nokha. Odyetserawa ayenera kutsukidwa mwana akangomaliza kudya.
Ma mbale akumwa komanso othandizira samayikidwa pansi, koma amamangiriridwa kumakoma kuti nkhuku zitha kufikira, koma sizingakwere kwathunthu. Kulowetsa ndowe mu chakudya ndi madzi nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kukula kwa matumbo.
Ofunda ndi opepuka
Nyumba za nkhuku zokhala m'malo ofunda zimasungidwa popanda nyumba. Koma ku gawo la dziko lathu, amafunika chipinda chowotcha ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 5 mpaka 15 Celsius. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yozizira mbalameyo imaloledwa kuyenda madigiri 15.
Wosanjikiza wandiweyani wa peat kapena utuchi udzakhala chidebe chakuya chosasunthika chomwe chimapanga kutentha ndikutulutsa chinyezi chambiri. Ozizira, ndikokwanira kumasula zinyalala, nthawi yotentha muyenera kuyeretsa nyumba nthawi zambiri kuchokera kuchotsererana.
Chipinda chachikulu chokhala ndi masitayilo osapitirira 1.5 mita ndi oyenera kwa galoshes. Kutalika kotereku kumachepetsa kutenthetsa - mpweya wofunda umayenda pansi pa denga, kulola kuti mbalameyo isazizire nyengo yachisanu.
Mitengo yamwana wamafuta - khola lokulera nkhuku
Nkhuku za Golosheyny zimatha kusungidwa m'nyumba komanso m'malo aulere - komabe, mu ozizira kwambiri (madigiri -15) ndibwino kukana kuyenda. Kukhazikitsa chimbudzi cha nkhuku zomwe mbalame zimasungidwa ndizosankha, koma pali phanga limodzi. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri, mphamvu za nkhuku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa thupi, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka ndi mazira ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pansi pazinthu ngati izi, mbalame zimadya chakudya chochulukirapo, ndipo kukonza kwake kumakhala kodula. Chinyezi chikuyenera kusungidwa pamlingo wa 60-70%, ndikuyamwa chinyezi ndi zinyalala zambiri kuchokera kum zinyalala, tikulimbikitsidwa kupangitsa nyumbayo ndi zofunda zamtundu wa peat zosasinthika, zomwe zimayenera kumasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kuyenda nyumba
Kudyetsa nkhuku za akuluakulu sikungayambitsenso mavuto (galoshes sakukakamira pa chakudya ndikudya pafupifupi chilichonse), koma zakudya ziyenera kukhala zopanda thanzi komanso zathanzi. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala ndi zosakaniza zakumunda zosaphika, masamba ophika, mkaka, komanso yisiti, ufa wa clover, ndi chimanga. Kuyerekeza pafupifupi chakudya ndi 130 g patsiku kwa munthu m'modzi wolemera pafupifupi makilogalamu awiri, pambuyo pake 10 g ya chakudya iyenera kuwonjezedwa kwa 250 g iliyonse yakulemera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa mbalamezo kawiri patsiku, ndipo m'mawa ndikwabwino kuti azipereka zosakanikirana ndi masamba ophika, ndipo madzulo - chimanga. Madzi akumwa ayenera kupezeka pafupipafupi, ndipo nthawi yotentha amayenera kusinthidwa kawiri pa tsiku. Olera odziwa ntchito amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera mchenga, mchere wa tebulo, choko ndi mwala wa chipolopolo ku chakudya, chomwe chimathandizira mbalame kugaya chakudya.
Wodyetsa nkhuku
Chofunikira kwambiri pa mtunduwu ndikuti amapeza phindu lolemera ndi dzuwa lokwanira, kotero nkhuku zomwe zimakhala m'makola zimayenera kupangira khonde loyenda ndi chakudya chobiriwira.
Kuyendera nkhuku
Zofunikira Zowonjezera
Choyimira kapena chowongolera chimayikidwa mu nkhuku kuti chisaphatikizidwe ndi nthunzi za ammonia, nthawi zina mpweya wabwino umalowa.
Kuunikira kowonjezereka kumawonekera dzuwa lisanatuluke pa 6 koloko ndi madzulo pa 20 oveni, kubweretsa kutalika kwa maola masana mpaka maola 13 mpaka 14.
Nkhuku zimapangidwa ndi zisa ndi zisa zochotsa.
M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chama calorie chimaperekedwa kwa ziweto kuti zichepetse mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kufunika kwa paddock ndi aviaries
Ngati ma broiler amaberekedwera makamaka kuti azisunga kosayenera, ndiye kuti mtundu wa Transylvanian wa nkhuku umayamba kuyenda bwino pamtunda wambiri ndi dzuwa.
Ndikokwanira kubisa malowa pafupi ndi nyumbayo, kufesa udzu kapena mbewu zazitali za chimanga kudyetsa nkhuku.
Kuberekera zamkati m'makoma otchingidwa ndi denga la mapepala apulasitiki ndikuloledwa kuti ng'ombezo zibisike ku mvula ndi dzuwa.
Zinthu zodzaza m'maselo zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kubereka, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kufa.
Zakudya za akulu
Malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwedwa, mtundu wa Transylvanian wa nkhuku sufuna kupangidwako, ziweto zimadyetsedwa chimodzimodzi ndi anthu ena okhala pabwalo la nkhuku. Zigawo zimayenera kukulitsa chakudya pokhapokha ngati zikufuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa dzira.
Kudyetsa ndi chakudya chapadera chothandizira kumathandizira kuti nkhuku ziziyenda bwino, koma zimadzetsa mavuto azachuma m'malo okhala.
Malangizo:
- mbewu monga tirigu, oats ndi chimanga,
- mbatata zophuka - zosaposa 100 g pa nkhuku iliyonse,
- buledi wouma m'madzi kapena yogati,
- zopangidwa mkaka,
- nyama ndi nsomba zonyansa,
- zipatso, masamba ndi mizu,
- makala ophwanyika, choko, zipolopolo, mchenga, zojambula.
M'chilimwe, nkhuku pamayendedwe palokha zimapeza chakudya chobiriwira komanso mapuloteni. M'nyengo yozizira, maukonde kapena ma payini, ma silage, ndi zipatso zambiri zamtchire zamtchire zimayambitsidwa muzakudya.
Mitengo ndi malonda
Mtengo wa dzira logalukira nkhuku zausiku umachokera ku ruble 59 mpaka 74 pachidutswa chilichonse, nyama zazing'ono zimatengera 80 mpaka 290 rubles pa kopi imodzi. Zoweta zimaperekedwa ku ma fairs apadera kapena kuma famu.
Kafotokozedwe kosangalatsa ka mtundu wa chisangalalo ndi komwe kumapangitsa kufunika kosaka zinthu zofunikira kubereka. Nyama yazakudya ndi yotchuka pamsika, ndipo palibe chifukwa chobera khosi la nkhuku mutaphedwa.
Mafamu aku Europe adapereka kale mitembo ku malo odyera omwe ali pafupi, m'dziko lathuli ndikulakalaka mgwirizano. Malonda amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigulitsidwa m'misika kapena m'mahotela omwe amakonda kwambiri nyama yodyedwa.
Chitetezo chokwanira
Mtundu wotseguka umadziwika ndi kuteteza thupi kwambiri, matenda amtundu wa nkhuku amakula nthawi zambiri chifukwa chophwanya malamulo omangidwa.
Kuti muzindikire matenda, yang'anani momwe kunja kunalili mbalamezo. Amitundu ambiri a khomo lachiberekero amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda otupa a mafupa, omwe amasonyezedwa ndi lameness komanso mawonekedwe a zophuka pamatumbo. Anthu otere amayenera kutayidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mazira kuti azitsekerera.
Ndi matenda ati omwe angatengeke ndi milalang’amba?
Amphaka amtundu wa agalu amatha kudwala matenda ochokera ku mbalame ina, makoswe ang'ono, kapena chakudya chosakhala bwino. Ganizirani Zizindikiro za matenda wamba.
Colibacteriosis imapezeka mu nyama zazing'ono mu mawonekedwe owopsa, mwa mbalame yayikulu imakhala matenda osachiritsika. Aanthu amakana kudyetsa, kuchepera thupi, ali ndi ludzu, squat kumapazi kwawo. Chithandizo chili ndi terramycin kapena biomycin.
Salmonellosis imafotokozedwa ndi kupumira movutikira, kutupa kwa mafupa, kupindika kwa mutu, kutupa m'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba. Sakani ziweto zodwala ndi furazolidone, nkhuku zathanzi monga prophylaxis ndi syntomycin.
Coccidiosis imadziwika ndi kutaya chilala, kutsekula m'mimba ndi magazi, mapiko otumphukira. Nkhuku zodwala nthawi yomweyo zimasungidwira ku nkhokwe ina, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi coccidiostatics.
Kupewa
Kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo kumakhala ngati kupewa matenda oyamba ndi nkhuku.
Ndikukakamizidwa kulera ziweto m'nyumba zotenthetsera mpweya, kuchititsa zotulutsa kapena kuwongoletsa makoswe omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, nkhuku zimayesedwa ngati majeremusi. Zofunikanso: vaccinations ndi kudya moyenera ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.
Alimi okondedwa nkhuku, gawani zinsinsi za kusamalira mbalame zakunja pamndemanga. Ogwira ntchito limodzi ndi alimi a nkhuku ali ndi chidwi chidziwitso cha galoshes, chifukwa chake nkoyenera kugawana nkhani mwatsatanetsatane dzulo la nyengo yotentha. Tidzakhala othokoza chifukwa cha nyenyezi zisanu.
Kufotokozera kwachilengedwe kwa mtundu wa nkhuku
Chithunzi:
Ng'ombe zazing'onoting'ono zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu komanso lamphamvu lokhala ndi minofu yolimba, chifuwa chachikulu komanso kumbuyo. Amakhala amphaka, ndipo mapikowo salumikizana kwathunthu ndi thupi, koma, machitidwe ake amatsitsidwa pang'ono.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa - kusowa kwamapulogalamu pakhosi, kumalumikizidwa ndi genetics. Nthenga zazithunzi ndizokhazikika zomwe zimapangidwa mu mbalame zamtunduwu. Ndiye kuti, nkhuku zokhazokha zokha sizikhala ndi gawo ili m'thupi. Ndi m'badwo, khungu pakhungu limakhala loyera ndikoterera, limapeza tint yofiirira.
Zofunika! Ponena za chikhalidwe cha mbalame zamtunduwu, zazikazi zimakhala zodekha komanso zimagwirizana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana pabwalo. Nthawi zina, amatha kukhala amanyazi kwambiri komanso kuchita mantha. Koma roost nthawi zina amakhala aukali, kuphatikizira anthu.
Mwa mafotokozedwe ena a mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a nkhuku ya nodule, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa izi:
- Kumbuyo kwa mutu wotambalala kumakhala ndi chipewa kapena chisa. Patsogolo pake pali zochulukirapo.
- Khosi lalitali pakati, kutsogolo kolowera, likuwoneka ngati uta.
- Mbali yamkati mwa miyendo yayifupi ndi thupi pansi pa mapiko mulinso zopanda madzi.
- Mphete za m'makutu ndi zofiira kapena zoyera, mulomo umakhala wachikasu ndipo umapindika pang'ono, maso ndi ofiira.
- Palibe mtundu wamba wa mtundu uwu wa nkhuku - umasiyana ndi ma toni akuda a mtundu wa cockoo kukhala oyera oyera ofiira, ofiira kapena akuda.
Zofunika! Zizindikiro zazikulu zakukanidwa kwa mayina a nkhuku:
- maso akuda
- khungu lakuda la kumaso,
- ndolo zotumbululuka
- kupezeka kwa nthenga mkati mwa miyendo kapena pakhosi,
- Mitembo yopanda bwino,
- mchira wabwino
- khungu kuteteza khungu kumadera opanda thupi.
Mbiri yakale
Pali mitundu yambiri yokhudza mtundu wa nkhuku za nkhuku:
- Dziko Pali malingaliro akuti adatengedwa kupita ku Russia kuchokera ku Romania, kotero ena amachitcha kuti Transylvanian. Otsatira chiphunzitso china amati dera la Andalusia ku Italy ndiko kudakhala mbalame zamtunduwu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Chispanya.
- Mitundu Malinga ndi mtundu wina, nkhuku izi zidawonekera chifukwa cha zoyesesa pomenya nkhuku za ku India. Kumbali inayi, kusinthika kwa chilengedwe kunapangika pakubadwa kwachilengedwe ndipo poyamba chinali chizindikiro cha chibadwa cha majini, omwe anayamba kufalitsa kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku mibadwo.
Ndikothekanso kugula nkhuku za golosheynny kuti zizitha kuweta m'mafamu kapena kudzera pazolengeza pamisonkhano ndi malo apadera.
Pafupifupi, mtengo wamitundu umasiyana motere:
- dzira limodzi muyenera kulipira ma ruble 60 mpaka 75.,
- pa nkhuku iliyonse - kuchokera 80 mpaka 300 ma ruble.
Ndemanga
Nkhuku za Goloshinovy zimalimidwa bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri, pali malingaliro ambiri okhudza mtunduwu.
Onsewa amabwera ku zotsatirazi:
- Kupulumuka kwabwino kwa nyama zazing'ono - 95%% imawerengedwa.
- Kuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwa nyama komanso njira yosavuta yosunkhira chifukwa chosowa manambala mbali zina za thupi.
- Kuphulika kwa mazira koyambirira, komwe kumayikira mazira, kumapitilira kugona ngakhale mu Disembala ndi Januware.
- Kupanga bwino kwa kuyala nkhuku kumadzetsa mpungwepungwe kwa ambiri, popeza aliyense wa mbalame amatenga zinthu zofunika kuzichita.
- Kutha ndi kupirira, ngakhale pamtunda wa subzero.
- Kuwonetsera bwino mazira.
Pangokhala mphindi imodzi yokha, ndikuti imodzi ndiyotenga - mawonekedwe onyoza a mbalame.
Zovuta za incubator
- Kutentha kwa mpweya mchipindacho kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana madigiri 20 mpaka 22, koma motsimikizika osatsika ndi 15.
- Sungani chofungatira usiku kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha ana usiku.
- Kutentha kwa chipangizocho payokha kuyenera kukhala madigiri 38-39 m'masiku 11 oyambirira ndi chinyezi cha 30 peresenti. Mazira amasinthidwa maola onse atatu.
- Pa tsiku 4 mutayikira mazira mu chofungatira, muyenera kuyambitsa kukwera.
- Kuyambira masiku 12 mpaka 19, kutentha kumachepetsedwa ndi theka la degree, ndi chinyezi - ndi 2 peresenti.
- Kuyambira masiku 19 mpaka 21 amapereka mpweya wabwino wonse wa makulitsidwe, kutentha kumachepetsedwa ndi theka linanso. Pakadali pano, palibe chifukwa chotembenuzira mazira.
Zinyama zazing'ono
Ndiwo nkhuku zodyera zokha zomwe zimabadwa zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mikhalidwe, kotero malamulo awa ayenera kuyatsidwa:
- Mpweya wabwino wabwino, koma wopanda zidutswa zamphamvu.
- Mlingo waukulu - 25 ma PC. pa 1 m2 mwezi woyamba, mwezi wotsatira ndi theka - zolinga 17, kenako - osaposa anthu 10 pa 1 m2.
- Pansi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi zinyalala, peat ndiyabwino kwambiri. Kapenanso mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala wamba ndikuthira mafuta owaza bwino ndi zidutswa za chimanga pa iwo.
- Kutentha m'chipindacho masiku asanu oyambira kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 29-30, ndiye mpaka kumapeto kwa sabata yachiwiri la moyo, ana amatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka madigiri 26. Mtsogolomo, sabata iliyonse amachepetsa kutentha ndi madigiri atatu kotero kuti pofika mwezi woyamba wa moyo nkhuku zimakhala momasuka pa 18 C.
Zofunika! Mukawonekera ana mu nthawi yozizira, mwezi woyamba wa moyo wa anapiyewo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zoyipa m'chipindacho.
Ponena za zakudya za ana aang'ono, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- Kudyetsa mkati mwa masabata 1.5 osachepera maola 2 aliwonse.
- Kudyetsa zidebe ndi mbale zolumikizirana kumangiriridwa khomalo patali kotero kuti anapiyewo atha kufikira okha, koma osakwera mkatimo ndi miyendo, popeza zitosi za mbalame zimatha kudzetsa matenda zazinyama zazing'ono.
- Pambuyo pa kudyetsa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana tsekwe - ngati pali anapiye omwe alibe, amadyedwa payekhapayekha.
- Zotsalira za chakudya zimachotsedwa mukangomaliza kudya.
Menyu ya nkhuku ya mwezi woyamba wa moyo:
- Masiku oyamba amoyo, chakudya chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mazira owiritsa kwambiri, ophwanyika ndikuphatikizidwa ndi 50 g ya tchizi tchizi ndi 50 g ya semolina kapena ufa wa chimanga. Awa ndi gawo limodzi la dzira limodzi la nkhuku.
- Kapenanso, mutha kuperekanso chisakanizo cha chakudya cha nkhuku, chomwe chimawonjezera oatmeal ndi mkaka wouma wofanana.
- Patsiku la 5 la moyo, mutha kuwonjezera mafuta azakudya, ndipo pambuyo pa sabata amapanga kale zosakaniza pa yogati kapena msuzi wa nyama.
- Kuyambira tsiku 10, nkhuku zimatha kupatsidwa mbatata zophika, dzungu ndi zukini.
Zofunika! M'mwezi woyamba wamoyo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito choko chophwanyika kapena zipolopolo za mazira ngati chowonjezera, chomwe chikhala gwero la calcium.
Matenda
Nkhuku za ku Spain za galoshih ku Spain ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chodziteteza kumatenda osiyanasiyana.
Koma amakhalanso ndi zofooka, zazikuluzikulu ndi zotupa, chifukwa chake:
- Ndikofunikira kusanthula mbalamezo mosamala komanso mosamalitsa ndikuwona zolakwika - kupindika kwa zala, kutupa kwa mafupa, mapangidwe oyera azikola kapena limp.
- Mutha kuchiza, kutengera mawonekedwe a matendawo, koma mbalame zopanda thanzi nthawi zambiri zimatumizidwa kukaphedwa.
- Ndikosavuta kuchita njira zopewera. Mulinso:
- kuwonongeka kwa majeremusi chifukwa chakuwononga kawirikawiri m'malo,
- kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zakuthwa zomwe zitha kuwononga miyendo.
- Komanso nkhuku zimakonza malo osambira phulusa.
Nkhuku za Galosh ndizosavuta komanso zopindulitsa paulimi wanyama ndi wamalonda pang'onopang'ono. Amakhala omasuka komanso osasamala, amanyamula mazira bwino ngakhale nthawi yozizira, mwina samadwala ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa.
Mitundu ya kubadwa
Kufotokozera kwa nkhuku za Nightingale sikwachilendo; ali ndi kufanana ndi ma turkeys. Nappies alibe nthenga osati pakhosi zokha, komanso m'dera la nthiti, zomwe pansi pa mapiko, komanso pa lobe mwendo wamkati. Malinga ndi "kulondola" kwa mtunduwo, kuchuluka kwa malo omwe mbalameyo imadziwika.
Nkhuku yamtunduwu imabadwa ndi aptheria, ndiko kuti, malo opanda nthenga. Ndi zaka, khungu lobe limasanduka lofiira.
Ana amakanda ndi tinsalu timadziwika ndi timatumba tofiira tofiyira tokhala ndi makwinya m'malo opanda kanthu. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli malo ochepa ndi nthenga zomwe zimawoneka ngati chipewa. Kutsogolo kwa khosi kuli kupezeka kwa kolala kwa nthenga. Mbalame yachilendoyi imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, bulauni, momwe mumakhala ma inclusions, omwe, pomwepo, amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana komanso owala. Mutu wa mkazi waku Spain ndiwotakata, yaying'ono kukula.
Maso a nkhuku ali ndi ubweya wachikasu, ma scallop ndi ma catkin ndi ofiira. Mlomo umadziwika ndi kupindika kwake, ndi kaso kapena kofiirira. Mbalame ya squat, ili ndi thupi lamphamvu lolimba, lambiri. Mapikowo sakhala pafupi kwathunthu ndi thupi, amatsitsidwa pansi. Miyendo yamanjenje ndiyifupi, yamtundu, yokhala ndi zala 4. Izi nkhuku zimadziwika ndi kumbuyo komanso m'mimba lalikulu.
Mkazi weniweni waku Spain samangokhala ndi khosi lopanda kanthu, komanso sangakhale ndi maso akuda, ndolo zoyera, komanso malo owala achikaso pamabowo opanda nthenga. Ukwati wa woimira amasonyezedwanso ndi utoto woyela kapena woyera wakuda. Akazi amtunduwu amakhala ndi bata komanso mtendere, samachita nawo ndewu ndipo amatha kuyanjana ndi oimira mbalame zina pabwalo. Ali ndi nkhawa komanso amantha.
Roosters, nawonso ndi ankhanza, sangathe kuukira osati achibale okha, komanso anthu.
Mbatata amatchulidwa ngati oimira nyama ndi mtundu wa dzira. Zabwino zazikulu za mtundu wa ku Spain:
- kulemera tambala - 3000-3500 magalamu, nkhuku - 2000-2500 magalamu,
- kupanga mazira - pafupifupi zidutswa 160 pachaka,
- kulemera kwa dzira - 60 magalamu,
- nkhuku zimayambira kupezekanso patatha milungu 23 kukhalapo.
Kodi kukula?
Mukakulitsa Zakudyazi, ndikofunikira kupatsa ziweto kutentha koyenera mumtambo wa nkhuku. Ngakhale kuti Spaniard ndi mbalame yolimba, ngati zinthu sizili zovomerezeka kwa iye, samawononga mphamvu zake pakuwonjezera kulemera kwa thupi kapena mapangidwe a mazira, koma pakuwonjezera kutentha kwa thupi. Ngati chipindacho chikuzizira - madigiri 5, ndiye kuti nkhuku iyenera kuthamanga.
Kutentha kokwanira mchipinda chomwe nkhuku zimasungidwa kumayesedwa kuti ndi 12 mpaka 16 Celsius, pomwe chinyezi chimayenera kukhala pafupifupi 60%. Kuti athandizidwe ndi zinyalala, chinyontho ndi mpweya, timalimbikitsidwa kupanga zinyalala zochokera ku peat. Izi zimamasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Pofuna kuti nkhuku zisazidetse, ndikofunikira kuti ipatsenso mpweya wabwino.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, kutha kwa dzira kumadalira kutalika kwa maola masana. Kulipira kufupika kwa dzuwa lachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kuyika ochita kupanga mu coop yankhuku. Magalasiwo ndi odetsedwa mu chakudya, chifukwa chake, pamenepa sayenera kulemetsa makamu. Maziko awo azakudya ayenera kukhala njere, mbatata, ufa wa clover, masamba, mizu, zinthu zamkaka. Komanso, zakudya zaku Spain zikuyenera kuphatikizapo yisiti, chipolopolo, chimanga chofufumitsa.
Njira yabwino yodyetsera mbalame ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimadyetsa thupi la nkhuku ndi mavitamini ndi mchere. Nkhuku imodzi yayikulu yolemera gramu 2000 imafunikira magalamu 130 a chakudya. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi magalamu 250, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera magalamu 10 a chakudya. Nyambo ya mchere ndi vitamini imatha kukulitsa mazira.
Kudyetsa mbalame kumayenera kuchitika kawiri patsiku, monga m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Mbiri yakuwonekera kwa mtundu wankhuku
Mpaka pano, palibe mgwirizano pa dziko lomwe adachokera nkhukuzo. Akatswiri akuganizira mitundu ingapo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti nkhuku za mtundu wamwala zimachokera ku Transylvania wakale (gawo la Romania yamakono). Chifukwa chake mayina awo "Transylvanian" ndi "Semigrad" adabwera.
Malinga ndi mtundu wina, ku Romania mtundu uwu wangofalikira, ndipo Andalusia, gulu lokhalokha la Spain, liyenera kudziwidwa ngati dziko lenileni la zinsomba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatchedwanso Spanish.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mbalame za mtundu wachilendowu zidachitika mu 1875 ku Austria. M'mayiko a CIS, Semigrad hens adatchuka mu 1930. Pakadali pano, galoshes amadziwika kwambiri ku Germany ndi France. Ku United Kingdom, nkhuku za nkhuku ndizosowa kwambiri, ndipo ku USA sizipezeka konse.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro amtundu, palibe mutu wotsutsa. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti uwu ndi mtundu wopanda tanthauzo womwe ndi wa mitundu ya Banking nkhalango nkhuku.
Makhalidwe akunja
Mtundu wotseguka wa nkhuku kuchokera ku mitundu ina imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apoyamba. Pa khosi ndi tsekwe, mbalamezi zimasowa khunyu. Nthenga zimagawidwa mosiyanasiyana mthupi - mikwingwirima, pomwe malo osavutikira a goiter ndi okutidwa kwathunthu ndi nthenga zoyandikana motero osawoneka. Palinso maula ambiri pakakona kakang'ono ka khungu mkati mwa miyendo.
Kwa mbalame zamtundu wamtunduwu, chifuwa chozungulira chokhala ndi minofu yolimba yowoneka bwino ndichikhalidwe. Thupi limakhala lokwera, kukweza pang'ono, lili ndi mawonekedwe a silinda. Thupi limakhala ndimakona anayi mawonekedwe ofanana ndikuzama ndi kutalika 1: 2. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa ma cocksuckers kuli pafupifupi.
Komanso nkhuku zimakhala ndi m'mimba zopindika komanso kumbuyo kwenikweni. Mapikowo amakula bwino. Amakhala pafupi ndi thupi momasuka komanso pang'ono. Miyendo ndiyolimba, koma osati yayitali, yokhala ndi zala zinayi, chikasu cha lalanje kapena imvi.
Ngati thupi lipaka loyera, ndiye kuti metatarsus, kupatula, ikhoza kukhala yoyera. Mukusungunuka, kusinthika kwathunthu kwa khungu lakutsogolo kumachitika. Mutu ndiwotalikirapo, wocheperako. Okhulupirira amatha kukhala opinki kapena tsamba. Nthenga pamutu zimawonetsedwa ngati chipewa chaching'ono.
Zowoneka patsogolo pa khosi zimawoneka ngati uta. Pafupi, khalani ndi mtundu wofiira. Khosi limakhala lofiira, loyipa komanso khosi. Maso ndi ofiira. Mphete ndi zopyapyala, zozungulira. Bill ndi wachikaso, wowongoka pang'ono. Mchira wokongola wamtundu wocheperako umakwezedwa pang'ono. Ma pigtail ndiotakata koma afupikitsa.
Cholinga komanso luso
Nkhuku ya Alchemy imatanthauzira mtundu wosakanikirana, nyama ndi dzira kuti zikugwire ntchito.
Kupanga mazira kumafikira mazira 150-180 pachaka. Pakakhanda pamakhala mazira amchere. Kulemera kwa dzira kumayambira pa 55-60 g. Ngakhale kusakhala ndi gawo lambiri la thupi, nkhuku zimalekerera kuzizira bwino, chifukwa chake, ngakhale mu Disembala ndi Januwale, zimapanga mazira abwino.
Galosheki amayamba kuthamanga ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nkhuku zimakhala cholimba, chosasamala posamalira ndipo zimakula mwachangu. Kulemera kwa tambala wamkulu kumawonjezera 2,5 makilogalamu mpaka 3 makilogalamu, ndi nkhuku - kuchokera 2 mpaka 2,5 kg. Kukoma kwa nyama yamtunduwu ndi kofanana ndi nkaka.
Mitengo yamatenthedwe mukamakula nyama zazing'ono
Kuyambira tsiku loyamba la moyo wa nkhuku, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha koyenera, kusinthasintha kulikonse kutentha kungathe kuwononga ziweto zonse.
M'badwo wa nkhuku | Kutentha kotentha |
0-5 masiku | 30-30 madigiri |
Tsiku 6-13 | 26-28 madigiri |
20-30 tsiku | 20 madigiri |
Pakutha kwa mwezi woyamba wa moyo, matenthedwe m'chipinda chomwe nkhuku zimasungidwa azikhala 18 madigiri. M'masiku ozizira, nyali za infrared zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha.
Zabwino ndi zovuta za mtundu
Makhalidwe abwino a mtundu wa nkhuku zofunikira kwambiri ndi awa:
- kuzindikira kusiya ndi kudyetsa,
- chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe, kubudula ndikosavuta komanso mwachangu,
- kukhazikika komwe kumawalola kuti agwirizane mwamtendere ndi nkhuku zina,
- kukoma kwa nyama ndi kofanana ndi nyama ya nkaka,
- kumayambiriro kwa kudyeka,
- chiwonetsero chabwino cha mazira
- kuchuluka kwa kusokonekera (pafupifupi 95%),
- kukana kutentha kwapansi ndi kutentha kwambiri,
- geni ya khosi yopanda kanthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereketsa ena, makamaka oswana a broiler (kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi, amathandizira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nkhuku, kusintha bwino nyama yakufa poyerekeza ndi mazira otsekemera, kumawonjezera kutembenuka kwa chakudya).
Zoyipa:
- mawonekedwe osawoneka, chifukwa omwe alimi ena amakana kupanga mtunduwu,
- Malingaliro akakhanda ophunzitsidwa bwino (nkhuku zimalimbikitsidwa kuti izigwiritsa ntchito njira ya chofungatira kapena kuyikira mazira a nkhuku za mitundu ina),
- mitengo yazipangidwe wamba.
Makina opepuka a zigawo
Osati kutentha kokha m'nyumba komwe kumakhudza kutulutsa kwa nkhuku, komanso nthawi yayitali masana. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kuwunikira kowonjezereka ndikofunikira mnyumba kuti liperekere phindu pakusowa kwachilengedwe.
Kuti apange dzira labwino nthawi yozizira, nkhuku zimafuna kuwala kwa maola 14. Zowunikira zimaperekedwa malinga ndi chiwembu china. Nyambazi zimatembenuka kuyambira 6 mpaka 8 m'mawa, komanso kuchokera 17 mpaka 20 maola. Mu nyengo yamitambo, kuyatsa kuyenera kupitilira kuyambira 6 koloko mpaka 8 p.m. Werengani zambiri za mitundu yoyatsa pazinthu zathu.
Nkhuku (pachithunzichi - kungosodzedwa) Makutu amawoneka okhudza kwambiri komanso osatetezeka.
Kugula
Mutha kugula nkhuku za Holosheyny mu "Gene Pool" ku Pushkin (tsamba patsamba la olemba zokolola). Kuyambira pa Julayi mpaka Disembala, mtengo wa dzira lolowera udzakhala ma ruble 50, mchilimwe - mpaka ma ruble 70 (chidziwitso ndichaposachedwa pofika m'dzinja 2016). Zogulitsanso ndi (kawirikawiri) kakang'ono kakang'ono.
Chofunika, palibe ndemanga zabwino paulimi kuchokera kwa alimi. Kukula kwakukulu (ndi kukula kwambiri) kwa mbalame kumadziwika kwambiri.
Mu dipatimenti ya Sergiev Posad ya "VNITIP" (zambiri za iye pano) amagulitsa tsiku lililonse nkhuku Golosheyek pama ruble 50 pachaka chonse (mu Ogasiti - ma ruble 45). Mtengo pano ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri, koma sikuti nthawi zonse pamakhala zinthu zomwe zimanenedweratu, nthawi zambiri ogula sasangalala ndi zotsatirapo zake.
Mitengo yosinthira
Kupanga kwa dzira kwa ma nodine kumadalira nthawi yayitali masana, kotero nthawi yozizira, kuyala nkhuku kumatha kuchepetsa zipatso kapena kutha kufulumira. Kuti mulipirire dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi owunikira, ndipo muchite izi:
- maola abwino masana kuti mupange dzira labwino ayenera kukhala osachepera 14 osati maola 16,
- kuyambira 5 koloko m'mawa, yatsani kuyatsa nyumbayo ndikusiyiratu mpaka pakuwala kunja kwazenera,
- Madzulo, yatsani kuyatsa theka la ora kapena ola lisanalowe ndikuwasiya mpaka maola 20.
Nyali yoyala
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kusankha kuwala kwa kuwunikiraku, chifukwa ngati kuwala kowala kwambiri nkhuku zimayamba kuchita mantha ndikulimbana, ndipo kuyatsa kwamdima sikungakhudze kukula kwa thupi ndi kupanga dzira. Mulingo woyenera wowunikira ndi ma suti 20 - mwachitsanzo, m'chipinda cha 6 sq.m. ikhoza kuperekedwa ndi babu wamba wamakumi makumi asanu ndi limodzi otukuka pamalo okwera 2 m.
Kuyatsa nkhuku
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Tizilombo tating'ono timakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu mthupi, koma thunzi tating'onoting'ono timatha kuonedwa ngati malo opanda kanthu m'thupi lathu. Popewa matenda oopsa, mwiniwake wa nkhuku amayenera kuyang'anira ziwetozo pafupipafupi, kuyang'anira ziwalozo. Zizindikiro za matenda omwe akukulira amatha kukhala kuwonda, kupindika kwa zala, kutupa kwa malo olumikizirana mafupa, kapena kuoneka ngati chikwangwani choyera pamiyeso ("phazi lopanda phokoso"). Mankhwalawa amadalira matenda enieniwo, koma nthawi zambiri mbalameyo siyisiyidwa kuti ibala, koma inatumizidwa kuti ikaphe.
Popewa matenda otere, muyenera kuyeretsa komanso kupha tizirombo toyesa nkhuku kuti muwononge tizirombo, muchotse zinthu zonse zomwe zitha kuvulaza mbalame, ndikukonzanso nkhuku mumasamba osambira.
Kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo, anapiye ayenera kulandira zakudya zoyenera ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Zinyama zazing'ono siziyenera kusungidwa mu ukonde kapena kuzizira - izi zimayambitsa kugwada kwa zala ndi matenda otupa a nkhuku.
Poyerekeza kuwunika kwa obereketsa aluso, nkhuku za agulugufe sizikhala ndi mavuto ambiri, ndipo kudya mokwanira, ukhondo m'nyumba komanso kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakubweretsa thanzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame.
Kusamalira anamwino ndi kukonza
Mbalamezi zinali zofala kwambiri nthawi ya Soviet Union pamafamu ophatikizira, mafamu a boma ndi nkhuku ku Moldova komanso kumadzulo kwa Ukraine, ndiye kuti mtunduwu unkatchedwa Transylvanian. Ngakhale kale nkhondo isanachitike, nkhukuzi zinkatchedwa Semigrad galoshneynaya.
Tsopano alimi a nkhuku ndi alimi omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi izi mtundu wa nkhukuapeza mbalame yotchedwa - Spanish golosheyka. Mosasamala momwe amatchulidwira, mfundo zazikulu pakusamalira ndi kusamalira mbalame sizimasinthika ndipo zimadalira kwenikweni nyengo yomwe mbalamezo zimakhala.
Kusunga nkhuku ku Russia, kwenikweni, mudzafunika nyumba yankhuku yozikika, ndipo ku Spain, mbalamezi ndizokhutira ndimakoko pansi pa denga. Malangizo okhutira pazonse nkhuku nkhuku:
- kutentha kwambiri pamphako ya nkhuku kuyambira madigiri 10 mpaka 15 Celsius, kumatha kukhala kokulirapo
- kupezeka kwa kuyenda kwaulere
- kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za peat, peat imayang'anira chinyontho, ndiye kukula kwa mabakiteriya,
- kayendedwe ka chakudya chamagulu, omnivorous golosheki kuthamangira ndikukula bwino, kumadya zakudya zamagulu okonzekera,
- kukhalapo kwa chofungatira ndi cholinga cha kubereka.
Popeza ambiri amabowoletsa amabzala chifukwa cha mazira ambiri komanso mazira abwino kwambiri, iyenera kukumbukiridwa posunga mazira kuyala nkhuku mwachindunji kutengera kutalika kwa maola masana.
Pa chithunzichi pali tambala
Chifukwa chake, masiku achidule a dzinja amafunika kuwonjezeredwa, kulipirira kusowa kwa kuyatsa, ndiye kuti, ntchito ya nkhuku. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi motere:
- Mamawa, yatsani kuyatsa kwanyengo kuyambira 5 koloko mpaka nthawi ikadzuka,
- Madzulo, yatsani nyali theka la ora kapena ola lisanalowe, kufikira nthawi yomwe iwonso ayamba kugona mpaka nthawiyo, yomwe ili yoyenera pa nyumba inayake.
- Masana masana kuti dzira lipange bwino kwambiri liyenera kukhala osachepera maola 14 ndipo osaposa 16.
Ponena za chakudya cha mbalame, sizimasanja chakudya, kupukuta zonse. Chifukwa chake, anthu ayenera kusamalira kuti odyetserawo anali ndi zosakaniza bwino bwino za tirigu kapena zakudya zopangidwa kale.
Mbalamezi sizifunikira chisamaliro china kapena chisamaliro chapadera, koma malinga ndi ndemanga omwe amawasunga pafamu, nkhukutulo Amakhala ochezeka komanso odekha ndipo amagwirizana ndi anthu onse okhala mnyumbamo.
Kubala ndi kudyetsa zinsomba
Polankhula za nkhuku zodyetsa, ziyenera kudziwikanso kuti galosha sadzisankhira "mbewu" zina zofunikira, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mbalame ili ndi zonse zofunika. Za nkhuku zonse, kwa mbalamezi ndikofunikira kuti pali:
- chimanga
- masamba
- calcium
- ufa wa clover
- yisiti
- chimanga (posankha, koma zofunika).
Komabe, simungadabwe ndi kuphatikiza kosakanikirana, koma mugule chakudya chopangidwa ndi anthu. Alimi ambiri sagwiritsa ntchito zosakanizika zopangidwa chifukwa chosathandiza, koma ngati pali mafinya pafamuyi, nkhaniyi imakhala yopanda phindu, chifukwa chopanga mazira ambiri.
Pozindikira mazira a mbalamezi, ndizotheka kukhala ndi otsala azachuma. Pazonse, mbalame imodzi yachikulire imadya magalamu 130 mpaka 150 patsiku, zomwe sizambiri. Amadyetsa Zakudyazi chimodzimodzi ndi nkhuku zina zilizonse - m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Titagula Zakudyazi, mlimi aliyense posachedwa asankha kuchita nawo ntchito zoweta. Apa, olera nkhuku amasangalala ndi mtundu wotere wa "kusafuna" kusaka mazira. Ma galoshes ndi makolo omvetsera komanso osamala, koma, modabwitsa - nkhuku zonyansa. Chifukwa chake, kuswana muyenera ndi chofungatira.
Koma uku ndikovuta wokhawo. Mlingo wopulumuka wa ana mu nymphs ndiwokwera kwambiri - 95-98%. Kusamalira anapiye oswedwa sikusiyana ndi kusamalira nkhuku zina zilizonse.
Nkhuku za Galosheka ndizabwino kwambiri nkhuku
Kumayambiriro kwa moyo wawo, nkhuku ndizosamalira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ana ayenera kuyikidwa pouma, yopumira, koma osakonzekera, chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha 26 mpaka 30 Celsius.
Pamene anapiyewo akukula, kutentha kuyenera kuchepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pofika tsiku la 30 la moyo wawo ayenera kukhala madigiri 18-20. Ponena za kudyetsa, sizimasiyana nkomwe kudyetsa nkhuku wamba, zosapindika.
Mtengo ndi ndemanga za galoshes
Ndemanga za nkhuku zokhudzana ndi mtundu uwu wa nkhuku ndizongokomera. Komanso, izi sizikugwira ntchito popanga mazira okha, komanso nyama. Komanso. mukadula, simuyenera kubudula khosi la mbalame, yomwe imawonjezeranso zabwino zake poyerekeza ndi zina.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yankhuku ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi nkaka kuukoma wake, yomwe imaloleza kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza mbale zomwe zimafuna maphikidwe a Turkey ndipo, motero, amachepetsa mtengo wawo, koma osachepetsa kukoma kwawo.
Ku Europe, galoshnevye ndi otchuka m'mafamu ang'onoang'ono apadziko lonse lapansi, akugulitsa zinthu m'misika odyera yaying'ono komanso m'mashopu am'deralo. Ku Russia, kulumikizana kotereku sikunakonzekere kwathunthu, koma kukuchulukirabe.
Mwachitsanzo, malo odyera omwe ali m'mphepete mwa msewu ndi malo okhala hotelo kwa zaka zingapo, chifukwa amakonda kugwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi alimi am'deralo. Mutha kugulira mbalame pafamu yanu m'njira zingapo - mugule nkhuku kapena mazira a chofungatira. Mtengo wa nkhuku ya nkhuku pamlingo wamba umachokera ku ruble 59 mpaka 74 pa dzira lililonse kuti lizikuluka komanso kuchokera ku ruble 80 mpaka 290 pa nkhuku iliyonse.
Mutha kugula nkhuku pogwiritsa ntchito mafamu olima apadera, zilengezo zogulitsa kapena fairs yaulimi, yayikulu kwambiri imachitikira m'dziko lathu ku Sergiev Posad kawiri pachaka.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhuku ya Galosheka sizingakhale zokwanira osanenapo kuti mtundu wazaka khumi zapitazi watchuka kwambiri ndi obereketsa, amateurs komanso makampani akuluakulu.
Achinyamata owoneka bwino
Mwachitsanzo, aku French, kampani ya SASSO, yomwe idasankha nkhuku ya "mtundu", idaletsa ma hybrids ambiri odziwika kwa alimi ndi nkhuku monga French galosheyny.
Pazonse, mbalameyi siyabwino kwambiri kuti isungidwe komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri, komanso ndikulonjeza pakubereka, zomwe zimabweretsa chidwi cha oyendetsa mabizinesi ambiri kwa iyo. Onse oyamba komanso omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chofunikira.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji yoyenera?
Mukamasankha nkhuku kuti muza kubereka, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimafunikira kuyang'aniridwa komanso zomwe zikuwonetsa ukwati mu mtundu. Mtundu wodetsedwa wa nkhuku yausiku ungathe kudziwa ngati mbalame:
- ndolo zotumbululuka
- nkhope yakuda
- maso akuda
- m'malo opanda nthenga zambiri, khungu limakhala ndi kuwala kwachikasu,
- thupi lofooka ndi lofooka,
- mchira wabwino
- khosi ndi mkati mwa mwendo wotsika zili yokutidwa ndi maula.
Mukuvala mozungulira (mwachitsanzo, mtanda pakati pa nightingale ndi nkhuku wamba), khosi liziwonekeranso chifukwa cholamulira mtundu wa Na. Komabe, chimodzi mwazizindikiro zonse zidzakhalapo, ndikupereka kusiyana kwa mtunduwo.
Kuti mbalame zizisungika nthawi yayitali ndikukula kwazomera zake, ndikofunikira kuti zizikhala bwino.
Chipangizo cha coop cha nkhuku
Malo owuma ndi otentha, makamaka otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira, amasankhidwa kuti nkhuku idzagwere. Monga zida zomangira ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa, adobe, matabwa, miyala, malo otentha kapena mapanelo. Ngati chisankhochi chidagwera pazinthu zotayidwa (rock rock, adobe), kuti mupewe kudula makhoma ndi nkhuku, muyenera kuziteteza pansi pansipa ndi mauna mpaka 80 cm.
Dengali limatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda madzi komanso gable, zomwe zimateteza denga kuti lisamatenthe kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, posungira zofunda ndi chakudya chamagulu a Vitamini. Poika denga, ndi bwino kusankha mtengo. Chowotcha ndi dongo chosakanizika ndi utuchi ndi udzu. Windows iyenera kukhala yosavuta kutsegula komanso yosavuta kuchotsa. Pansi liyenera kukwezedwa pamwamba pa nthaka osachepera 20 cm: Litha kukhala pulawo, konkriti, matope kapena phula.
Posunga nkhuku pansi, zinyalala zosasinthidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimasungabe kutentha. Chinyalala chachikulu pansi chimayikidwa motere:
- kutsanulira laimu fluff, amene amatenga chinyezi chambiri ndikuthira pansi (pamlingo wa 0,5 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. m),
- zinyalala zokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5 zimayikidwa pamwamba, zomwe zimawonjezeredwa panthawi ya opareshoni ndipo zimayamba zodetsedwa kotero kuti pakatha chaka kutalika kwake kumafika 20 cm.
Pa avareji, pafupifupi makilogalamu 7-8 a zofunda pa nkhuku iliyonse pachaka. Monga momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito utuchi, peat, zomata, udzu wosenda, pansi, zopondera chimanga, mpanda wa mpendadzuwa ndi zinthu zina zotayirira. Kuti zinyalala zisaphatikizidwe komanso zisakhale yonyowa, ndikofunikira kuti muzimasulira kamodzi pa sabata. Pachifukwa ichi, muthanso kuthira tirigu. Nkhuku zimatulutsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimamasula. Ndi chinyezi chambiri mu zinyalala, imakutidwa ndi laimu fluff kapena superphosphate (200-300 g pa 1 sq. M ya pansi malo).
Kuthirira nkhuku, kudyetsa, ndowa, ndi zisa ndikofunikira kuti nkhuku zizisunganso usiku. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso mbale zakumwa zimayikidwa kuti zitheke kuwanyamula paliponse pa nkhuku kapena paulendo. Mu feeders ayenera kupatsidwa mkati mkati mwake m'lifupi mwake masentimita awiri, omwe amachepetsa ndi 35% mwayi wotsekera chakudya mukadyetsa.
Omwe odalirika amagula zakumwa zomwe zimatha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba, nkhuni kapena mapaipi apulasitiki odulidwa pang'ono kutalika amatchuka kwambiri. Kutalika kwa akumwa ndi 2 masentimita pamutu.
Zomera zimayikidwa kutalika kwa 50-60 cm kuchokera pansi. Mwanjira iyi, mazira sadzakhala odetsedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nkhondo kumachepa, mosiyana ngati nkhuku zidanyamulidwa pansi.
Tizilombo tiwoneke m'malo otetezedwa, osavuta kufukizira ndi mazira. Mthunzi, nkhuku zimamva kukhazikika komanso kunyamula bwino. Komanso, nkhuku zouma zimakhala ndi zimbudzi, zomwe ndi malo osungirako mbalame usiku.
Malingaliro amtundu wamatabwa opingidwa ndi matabwa okhala ndi mbali zopindika zozungulira ali ndi mainchesi 4x7. Makulidwe amenewa amalola kuti mbalameyi izitsegulira zala zawo popanda kusasangalala kwenikweni ndipo zimathandizira kugona tulo. Zidendene zimapangidwa masentimita 20 pamutu, ndipo mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala wosachepera 35 cm.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyika ma penti molingana ndi mtundu wa masitepe kapena masitayidi, chifukwa chifukwa cha kukhumba kwa mbalame kutenga malo apamwamba, kumenyana ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuvulala ndi peritonitis ndizotheka. Zidikanda zimakhazikitsidwa kutalika kwa 50-60 masentimita kuchokera pansi pafupi ndi khoma moyang'anizana ndi zenera la nkhuku.
Malo oyenda ayenera kukhala ndi linga ndi kutalika kwa 2 mita kuti mukhale ndi njira yochokerako, pangani zibowo pakhoma lanyumba pamtunda wa 10 cm kuchokera pansi. Miyeso ya manhole ndi 30x35 cm.
Microclimate
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga mawonekedwe ena ali mchipindacho. Thanzi la nkhuku, zipatso zake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya m'njira zambiri zimadalira kutentha, kuyatsa, ndi chinyezi chachibale.
Ngakhale kupirira kwake, nkhuku za golosheyny pamatenthedwe ochepera, mphamvu zawo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zolemera kapena mapangidwe a mazira, koma pakusungabe kutentha. Kubwezeretsanso mphamvu zamagulu, mbalame zimadya zambiri, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndalama zowonjezera.
Kutentha kwa 1-4 ° C, nkhuku zizipitilira kuthamanga, koma zipatso zake zidzatsika ndi 15-20%. Kutentha kwa mpweya kukatsikira mpaka -5 ° C, kupanga mazira kumatha. Zabwino kwambiri ndi kutentha kwamatumbo a nkhuku +5 + 15 ° С. Chifukwa chake, m'minda yambiri ya nkhuku munyengo yozizira, nyumba za nkhuku zimatenthedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kupitiliza zipatso zambiri nthawi yozizira.
Pa kutentha kwambiri mchipindamo, nkhuku zimatha kudya, kumwa madzi ambiri, kupuma mofulumira, kukhala ndi milomo yotseguka ndipo mapiko ake amafalikira. Ndipo pamtengo wa 38-40 ° C pasanathe maola awiri, mbalameyi imatha kufa chifukwa chotentha kwambiri. Ngati matenthedwe, m'malo mwake, amakhala ochepa, mbalame zimadzaza, zomwe zimatha kupha chifukwa chokwanira.
Chinyezi chothandizirana chikuyenera kukhala 60-70%. Kuphatikizika kwa mpweya ndi kusinthana kwa mpweya kumathandiza kwambiri nkhuku. Mbalame yachikulire imatulutsa mpweya wokwanira malita anayi pa tsiku. Amonia ndi hydrogen sulfide amamasulidwa ku zinyalala ndi zinyalala. Minyezi imeneyi imachepetsa mphamvu ya mbalame, imakulitsa thanzi lake ndi zipatso zake. Pofuna kupewa izi, mpweya wabwino umakonzedwa. Dongosolo ili limakupatsani mwayi kuti mupatse mpweya wabwino mkati ndikuchotsa mpweya woyipa, mpweya wonyowa komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka mazira ndimatenda timakhudzanso kwambiri nthawi yayitali masana. Pochita nkhuku, njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yosavuta kwambiri ndiyotere: mosatengera zaka za mbalameyo ndi nthawi yayitali, kutalika kwa maola onse masana (zachilengedwe ndi zokumba) ziyenera kukhala maola 15-16 patsiku.
Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi oterowo kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nkhuku. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito magetsi kapena magetsi a fluorescent okhala ndi mphamvu ya 40-60 watts. Kuunikira wamba kumawoneka kuti kuli pamlingo wa 20 lux (lux). Kuwunikira zosakwana 5 lux sikokwanira. Nkhuku zimadya ndikumwa pang'ono, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola ndikuwonjezereka kwa kulemera kwamoyo.
Kuwala kochulukirapo (kopitilira 25 lux) ndizowopsa chifukwa mbalame zimakhala zaukali ndipo zimatha kuyambanso kuzichita.
Kutsuka nyumba
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhuku ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri posamalira nkhuku. Zimathandizira kupewa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zotsatira zake, nkhuku zimadwala, zokolola zake zimachepa, ndipo mazira amatenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (mwachitsanzo, salmonella kapena Proteus). Kuchotsedwako kumachitika miyezi iwiri iliyonse mosatalikirana, mutachotsa mbalame ku nkhuku:
- Kuyeretsa. Brashi yopunthwa imachotsa zitosi, nthenga, zatsalira ndi zofunda pansi, zopindika ndi mawonekedwe ena. Kenako, chotsani zinyalala pa nkhuku. Munthawi izi, zida zoteteza (magulovu, chigoba) ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimaletsa mabakiteriya ndi fumbi kuti lisalowe mthupi.
- Kusamba. Makoma, pansi, zokhota ndi zisa ziyenera kutsukidwa, pambuyo pake chipindacho chidzauma bwino. Zoyisira zodziwika bwino ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chakuti mankhwala apakhomo ndi oopsa komanso okwiyitsa kupuma, omwe sangawononge kwambiri nkhuku. Kuphatikiza apo, ilibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kufufuza ndi yankho la viniga cider viniga mu 3: 2 kuloledwa.
- Chizindikiro Zipangizo zamankhwala ndi zopangidwa ndi zinthu zoyeretsedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa iwo apadera, Monclavite, Bactericide, Virocid ndi otchuka kwambiri. Mutha kuchita ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe, mwachitsanzo:
- hydrochloric acid imathiridwa mumtsuko wokhala ndi pakhosi lonse ndipo potaziyamu permanganate imatsanulidwa (5: 1). Kusakaniza uku kumatsalira pamtunda wa nkhuku kwa mphindi 30.
- Istine ya crystalline (20 g pa 20 cubic metres ya nyumba), ufa wa aluminiyamu (1 g yokhala ndi fayilo) ndi 1.5 ml yamadzi amaikidwa mbale zadothi. Aluminium chloride imadzuka ngati nthenga zofiirira. Imani osakaniza kwa theka la ola. Mutha kugwira njirayi pamaso pa nkhuku.
Pambuyo pa kuteteza matenda, nyumbayo iyenera kupuma bwino.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira za chitetezo chamunthu, monga magolovu, chigoba, magalasi, zovala zophimba pakhungu.
Akatswiri
Nkhuku za Galoshenny zimakula bwino pakakhala patio yoyenda, chifukwa zimafunikira dzuwa. The aviary ndi chipinda chokulirapo chamatabwa, yokutidwa ndi mauna abwino achitsulo. Ndikofunikira kuti muziyikika pafupi ndi nkhuku, koma kutali ndi njira zomwe anthu amapitako nthawi zambiri.
Sipayenera kukhala zomera zowondera pafupi ndi mpanda, chifukwa zimatseka mbalame kuchokera ku dzuwa - gwero la vitamini D, lofunikira kwambiri thanzi lawo. Pofuna kuteteza ku mvula yamwadzidzidzi, padenga ili ndi mapepala apulasitiki owonekera. Palibe cholakwika ngati udzu umamera m'khola, komwe ndikofunikira pakudya kwa nkhuku zodyetsa bwino.
Kukula kwa bwalo kuyenera kuwerengedwa pamaziko a lamulo - nkhuku iliyonse, payenera kukhala mita awiri lalikulu. m lalikulu. Kukula kovomerezeka ndi 2x7 m .. Ngati nkhukuzo ndizocheperako, kupumira kosakhalitsa kwa odyetserawo ndi kupsinjika kosatheka kwa iwo ndizotheka, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa dzira.
Kodi kudyetsa ndi chiyani?
Nkhuku za Galoshenny zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusachita kwawo, kudyetsa kwawo sikungayambitse mavuto ena. Koma kuti muwonjezere zokolola zawo, ndikofunikira kuti zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizoyenera. Kudyetsa mosalekeza kwa chakudya chamagulu ndi kusakaniza kwa chimanga chokha kungapangitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya kupanga nkhuku yamtunduwu.
Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za Zakudyazi ziyenera kuphatikizapo:
- utakula tirigu
- masamba ophika (zukini, beets, mbatata, dzungu),
- zosakaniza pamadzi
- zopangidwa mkaka ndi mavitamini ndi michere yowonjezera.
Komanso ma broiler, kuti muchepetse kulemera msanga, nkhuku izi ziyenera kuwonjezera yisiti pang'ono pakudya.
Kuti mudzazenso thupi la mbalameyo ndi calcium, yomwe imadyedwa kwambiri nthawi ya mazira, ndikofunikira kuti ichulukitse zakudya zake ndi mazira ophwanyika, maembe a chimanga, mchere ndi laimu.
Chofunikira ndi kupezeka kwamadzi kwa omwe akumwa.
Nkhuku zazikulu zimayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pa tsiku. Pakudya koyamba (m'mawa ngakhale kuwala kusanachitike), mutha kupatsa masamba ndi onyowa osakaniza, ndipo lachiwiri madzulo (ola limodzi ndi theka musanatse magetsi) - chakudya chosakanikirana.Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku: 130 g ya chakudya ndikofunikira kuti nkhuku imodzi yayikulu yolemera 2 kg, ndipo kwa 250 g yotsatira ya mbalame, 10 g ya tirigu imawonjezeredwa.
Zofunika
Pakukula kwa anapiye osokerera oboweka chofungatira, muyenera konzekera malo otentha ndi otchinga. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lamatabwa lamatabwa lomwe lili ndi makhoma 40-60 masentimita. Bokosilo limayikidwa pa zinyalala, ndipo pepala lakuda limayikidwa pansi pake. Kuchulukana kwa anthu akuyenera kukhala nkhuku zobadwa masiku 30-30 pa mraba umodzi. m
Kuti mutenthe nkhuku, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zamagetsi zamagetsi zama 100-150 W kapena zowonetsera zokhala ndi ma mesh zitsulo. Izi zotsatirazi kutentha ziyenera kuonedwa:
- kuyambira masiku 1 mpaka 5 - 29-30 ° C,
- kuyambira masiku 6 mpaka 10 - 26 ° C,
- ndiye masiku atatu aliwonse kutentha kumatsika ndi 3 ° C mpaka kufika pa 16-18 ° C.
Thermometer imayikidwa pamalo okwera masentimita 50 kuchokera pansi.
Masiku 10 oyambirira a nkhuku amagwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira kwa nthawi yonseyo. Kuphatikiza apo, masana masana amachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo amabwera mpaka maola 9 mpaka miyezi iwiri isanayambe. Mphamvu ya mababu opepuka iyenera kukhala ma watts atatu pa mraba umodzi. m pansi.
Pa tsiku la 4-7, pepalalo limachotsedwa m'bokosilo ndikusintha zinyalala. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi awiri, gawo la achinyamata liyenera kukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Kuyambira ndi masiku 5 ndipofunika kumasula nkhuku pamtunda, malinga ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa komanso nyengo yabwino. M'mikhalidwe yovuta, mpaka miyezi iwiri, nyama zazing'ono sizikuyenda. Popanda kukonza, mavitamini D2 ndi D3 akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku zakudya zawo kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kodi kudyetsa?
Chakudya chamasinthidwe osiyanasiyana, nkhuku zimasungidwa bwino ndikukula. M'masiku oyamba amoyo, Zakudyazi zimawerengedwa ngati chakudya chabwino mazira otentha, tchizi tchizi, mapira, oatmeal, chimanga chosaneneka ndi tirigu. Asanadye, tchizi tchizi ndi mazira pansi ndi tirigu wosweka.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsata ndondomeko yodyetsa nthawi. Yoyamba masiku 10 a anapiye a tambala nkhuku kudyetsedwa 5-6 pa tsiku, patatha mwezi - katatu pa tsiku. Kuyambira tsiku la 3, amadyera atsopano (nettle, alfalfa, clover, ndi ena otero) ayenera kuperekedwa, kuchokera pa 5 - chipolopolo, choko, nsomba ndi nyama ndi chakudya chamfupa. Kuyambira tsiku la 11, chakudya ndi ufa, masamba ophika (mbatata, beets, kaloti) zimawonjezeredwa pachakudyacho. Ufa ndi ufa wa tirigu ziyenera kufufisidwa mpaka mu nkhuku kufikira nkhuku zikafika mwezi wazaka. Kupitiliza kopitilira kwa nyama zazing'ono kuyeretsa, madzi abwino ayenera kulinganizidwa.
Kuyambira sabata limodzi mpaka miyezi 1.5, kawiri pa sabata kwa theka la ola tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze akumwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (0%).
Simungathe kulima nyama zazing'onoting'ono zomwezi m'magulu omwewo - anthu achikulire amatha kudya nkhuku kuyambira zaka zoyambirira.
M'mwezi woyamba kulera, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa ndi chidebe chonyowa (chisakanizo cha chimanga, tirigu, oats, nandolo, barele) katatu patsiku, ndiye katatu. Mbewu yophwanyika imadyetsedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Yogurt imaperekedwa ku dongo kapena akumwa matabwa. Kudya kwa michere mthupi la ana okulirapo kuposa masiku 60 kumachepera pokhazikitsa chakudya chochuluka - amadyera, muzu mbewu (mpaka 25-30 g pa nkhuku patsiku). Mpaka mpaka miyezi inayi nkhuku z ku Spain zimakulanso chakudya chambiri.
Njira yodyetsera anapiye a aguluwa iyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti anapiye ofooka samachotsedwa pakudyetsa, kuti azitha kuzindikira zonse za nkhuku mutatha kudya. Ngati wina akhala ndi njala, amadyetsedwa payekhapayekha. Zakudya zonyowa zonse zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pakadyetsa.
Matenda a nkhuku zachiberekero, kupewa
Nkhuku za Galoshenny ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono, ngati mbalame zazikulu, ndizochepa kuposa 5%.
Matenda akuluakulu omwe akukhudza nkhuku:
- pulorosis
- coccidiosis,
- pasteurellosis
- nsomba
- helminthiasis.
Kuti muzindikire matendawa munthawi ndikuchita zoyenera, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi vuto komanso kuwoneka kwamtunduwu. Nkhuku zodwala zimakhala ndi kusowa kudya kapena kukana kudya. Amakhala osakhazikika pamakona ali ndi maso otsekeka, omata mitu yawo pansi pa mapiko, samveka phokoso ndipo samayenda nkomwe.
Chikhulupiriro chawo chimazirala, makwinya, chimakhala chowala. Madzimadzimadzimu wanyowa, wodetsedwa. M'matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, pamawonjezera kutentha kwa mitsempha mpaka 43-44 ° C. Zomwe zimagwira mucous kupuma zimasanduka zofiira. Mbalameyi imamveka kulira, ndipo ntchofu zimadziunjikana m'mphuno ndi mkamwa.
Matenda ambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi kudzimbidwa. Furiji yozungulira cesspool ndi woipitsidwa, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchotsa zinyalala.
Pali zochitika zina zamavuto amanjenje: ziwalo, kukokana, kusokonekera, kupindika mutu.
Zizindikirozi zikaonekera mu nkhuku za golosheyny, ayenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu pa nkhuku ndikuzidziwitsa veterinarian.
Njira zotsatirazi zothandizirana zithandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda opezeka ndi matenda akuluakulu:
- muyenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse mumalovu a nkhuku,
- Nthawi ndi nthawi mumachita zotulutsa (kuchotsa makoswe - onyamula matenda ndi utitiri),
- Katemera
- kupatsa mbalame chakudya choyenera komanso chisamaliro choyenera.