Majini a aquarium ali ndi mbiri yayitali. Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kuyesa koyamba kusunga nsomba zam'madzi, ma mollusks, crustaceans m'masamba ndi mbale zinapangidwa ku Roma wakale m'zaka za zana la 2 A.D.

Ku Europe, kukula kwakukula kwa asodzi am'madzi zam'madzi kunachitika pakati pa zaka za XIX. Udindo wotsogola udaseweredwa ndi Germany, England, France. Ku Berlin, njira yoyamba idapangidwira ntchito yokonza madzi am'nyanja opanga, yopangira mchere anayi.

Ku Russia, nsomba zam'madzi zamchere zimawonekera kumapeto kwa XIX - koyambirira kwa zaka za XX, koma sizitchuka m'dziko lathu. Ndi ma 70s okha omalizira pomwe panali chiwonjezero cha chidwi m'madzi am'madzi. Choyamba, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chitukuko chambiri komanso kukonza kwaukadaulo kwa zida zam'madzi zam'madzi. Zipangizo zatsopano ndi zida zimapangidwa, matekinoloje atsopano ndi njira zochizira madzi am'nyanja zikuyambitsidwa, njira zotsogola zapamwamba, kuyatsa, ndi zina zambiri zikukonzekera. Zochitika zimapezeka pakupanga ma hydrobionts apamadzi m'madzi am'madzi.

Idatulutsidwa mu 1994 ndikukhala ngati buku la "wogulitsa bwino" buku D.N. "Ma Marine Aquarium Kunyumba" a Stepanova adafotokozera mwachidule zomwe akwanitsa kuchita ndi ntchito zapamadzi zam'madzi zomwe zidalipo panthawiyo. Anasewera omwe adaganiza zoyamba kuyendetsa nyumba zawo zam'madzi kunyumba, ndikuwapatsa zida zofunikira, ngati zingatheke, ndi manja awo.

Pakadali pano, ntchito zam'madzi zam'madzi zikuyenda bwino kwambiri. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwa amateur, okhudzana ndi kukonza ma aquarium kunyumba, ndi kwa "gulu" lina, lomwe limayang'ana pakupanga ndi kuthandizira kwa ziwonetsero zazikulu, kuwonetsa ma aquariums, kuphatikizapo ma nyanja am'madzi.

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mitundu yaam'madzi amchere amchere, motsimikiza ndi mitundu ya nyama zam'madzi zomwe zili momwemo.

Kusiyana kwakukulu m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi mwa mtundu wa nyama zam'madzi zomwe zili.

Mwa mtundu wa zolengedwa zam'madzi zomwe zili m'madzi, zoweta zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa kukhala nsomba ndi zam'matanthwe. Kuphatikiza apo, gawoli lili ndi zofunikira. Monga momwe zimapangidwira nsomba, mitundu ina ya nyama zam'madzi zimatha kusungidwa, momwemonso nsomba zomwe zimagwirizana ndi invertebrates zimatha kukhala m'matanthwe a m'matanthwe. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zodziwika bwino kwambiri ku Africa Lionfish (Pterois mombasae) zimatha kukhala bwino m'malo otetezeka am'madzi okhala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, malinga ngati mulibe zodzikongoletsera ndi nkhwangwa zina zomwe zimatha kukhala chakudya chake.

Nsomba zam'madzi

Tanki ya nsomba ndi aquarium yomwe imakhala ndi nsomba zambiri, ndipo mitundu ina ya invertebrates yogwirizana ndi nsomba ikhoza kukhalapo. Ma invertebrates oterowo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo urchins zam'madzi, ma anemones a nyanja, shrimp. Tanki ya nsomba nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mwala. Nthawi zambiri, chokongoletsera chogwiritsira ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Pazoyenda zam'madzi zotere, chidule cha FOWLR nthawi zina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito (nsomba zokha ndi chiwindi - nsomba zokha ndi miyala yamoyo). Ndikofunikira kusankha nsomba zam'madzi zoterezi, poganizira momwe mtundu uliwonse wamadzi umafunidwira kuti ukhazikike. Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira kukula kwa nsomba. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe nsomba zomwe ndizambiri kukula kwa tanki la nsomba, kuti anthu akuluakulu sangapondereze ang'onoang'ono.

Nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zam'madzi ndizam'munda, i.e. okonzeka kuteteza gawo lawo. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri, izi zimatha kuwonetsedwa pokhudzana ndi nsomba zamtundu wawo kapena nsomba zofananira, mtundu ndi kukula kwake. Ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe nyumbayi idapangidwira mumtundu womwe mukuwunikira.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwaukali, komwe kumaphatikizapo kulimbana konse kuteteza dera lawo komanso kuwonekera kwa nyama zomwe zimadyera, nsombazi zimagawidwa mwankhanza, osapsa mtima komanso mwamtendere. Mukamasankha aquarium yoyenera ndi mtundu wa nsomba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwaukali kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa malo amadzimadzi ndikupereka malo okwanira okhalamo (maloboti, m'mapanga, ma grotto, awnings, ndi zina), omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pothana ndi vuto kubisala.

Kutha kusunga nsomba mu malo am'madzi amazikwanira ngati chofanana. Ndi chikhalidwe kugwiritsa ntchito magawo atatu oyenderana:

• nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana
• kusamala ndikofunikira
• nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana.

Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, shaki, magulu, ma stingraw nthawi zambiri sagwirizana, popeza ndiomwe amadyera ndipo, monga lamulo, ndiakulu. Kumbali inayi, seahorses ndi singano zimagweranso zomwe sizigwirizana, koma pachifukwa chomwe iwowo, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kakang'ono ndikuchepera, ndi chinthu chomwe chimasowetsa nsomba zambiri zam'madzi. M'mabuku osiyanasiyana a alembi am'nyumba ndi akunja pali matebulo ofananitsa nsomba zam'madzi am'madzi, malinga ndi momwe mungayendere posankha mtundu umodzi kapena wina womwe umapezeka m'madzi.

Mitundu yam'madzi

Mu gulu "Fish Aquarium" pali ma aquariums, omwe amatchedwa mitundu. Malo am'madzi awa amakhala ndi nsomba zamtundu umodzi kapena zamtundu wapafupi kapena genera zomwe sizingatheke kuyanjana ndi mitundu ina. Mwachitsanzo ndi nsomba zomwe zimachokera ku banja la "Seahorses ndi singano yam'nyanja (Syngnathidae)", zomwe nsomba zambiri zimatha kuvulaza, ndikofunika kuti zizisunga mu malo osungirako zinyalala pamodzi ndi oyimira amitundu yawo kapena mabanja. Izi nsomba mu aquarium yamitundu idzachita molimba mtima, mwamtendere komanso modekha, poganiza kuti palibe amene akuwawopseza, pomwe nthawi yomweyo akuwonetsa kukopa kwawo kwakunja.

Monga chitsanzo china cha aquarium yamtundu, mutha kunena zomwe nsomba "Zosambitsidwa mkango wakuda (Pteroisvolitans)», zomwe sizigwirizana bwino ndi nsomba zina, chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwake. Ndi yayikulu ndipo ndi nyama yolusa, yosaka nsomba zing'onozing'ono. Mtsutso wina wowonjezerapo kusunga Lionfish mumtambo wamtundu wa maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe amawonekera kwambiri pakubowoleza m'mizere yamadzi ndi zipsepse zake zotambalala, zomwe zimafanana ndi mkango.

Reef aquarium

A reef aquarium imaganiziridwa kuti imapangidwira ma invertebrates apamadzi: ma coral, ma anemones a nyanja, ma mollusks, crustaceans ndi ena. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala nsomba zochepa, zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri ma invertebrates. Malo okhala m'matanthwe, nawonso, amagawidwa kukhala "Soft Reef" ndi "Hard Reef".

Zofewa

Theof Reef makamaka imakhala ndi Alcyonaria - mawonekedwe a matanthwe a coral, mawonekedwe asanu ndi atatu omwe amaphatikiza ma corals ofewa (Alcyoniina kapena Alcyonacea), Horn corals kapena Gorgonaria (Gorgonaria) ndi Stolonifera. Ma Alcyonaria mawonekedwe a mafupa, mafupa ake omwe amaimiridwa ndi calcareous (muma corals ofewa) kapena collagen (ku Gorgonaria) zinthu zili mu mesoglye. Mwa oimira chigawo cha Stolonifer, mafupa amayimiridwa ndi chitin periderm.

Alcyonaria samapanga mafupa olimba. Ndiosavuta kusamalira. Bango lofewa limatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ma korali olimba nthawi zambiri samadziwikiratu. Analoleza kuti nsomba zizigwirizana ndi anthu okhala ku Soft Reef.

Hard Reef

"Hard Reef" makamaka imakhala ndi matalala olimba. Amadziwikanso kuti Madreporaria kapena Scleractinia ndipo ndi amodzi mwa dongosolo la ma coral polyps kuchokera kumalire a coral (Hexacorallia) asanu ndi amodzi. Mosiyana ndi Alcyonium, scleractinia imapanga mafupa olimba okhazikika.

Aquarium yokhala ndi ma corals olimba imatha kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya ma invertebrates ndipo imakhala ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba yogwirizana ndi ma corals olimba. Gawoli la m'matanthwe am'madzi kukhala "Soft Reef" ndi "Hard Reef" ndilolumikizidwa, choyambirira, ndi magawo osiyanasiyana pokonza. Alcyonaria, monga lamulo, ndiwofatsa kwambiri pakukonza kuposa ma corals olimba. Chifukwa chake, "Hard Reef", poyerekeza ndi "Soft Reef", imafuna kuwala kozama, kwamphamvu pakali pano, ndi madzi apamwamba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti onse a Alcyonaria ndi ma corals olimba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni ngati chida chowukanira ndi chitetezo. M'matalala olimba, awa ndi maselo a nematocyst oluma, mothandizidwa ndi momwe ma coral amasaka nyama zamapuloni ndikuthira malo okhalamo ndi matanthwe oyandikana nawo. Kuteteza ndi kuwongolera, alkionarians amatulutsa mankhwala ophatikizira poizoni osiyanasiyana. Ine.e. zotchedwa dothi zimatha kuchitika pakati pa matanthwe "Nkhondo yankhondo" yopulumuka. Chifukwa chake, ndi kulumikizana molumikizana kwa Alcyonium ndi ma corals olimba, mkangano ungabuke ndipo mtundu wina umaponderezedwa ndi wina.

Nawonso, "Hard Reef" itha kugawidwa "Hard Reef with Large-Poly Coral" ndi "Hard Reef with Small-Poly Coral".

"Bwalo lamiyala yamiyala yosalala"

Makorali akuluakulu-polyp, kapena ma LPS-corals (Large Polip Stony) ali ndi ma polyp akuluakulu pa mafupa a calcareous. Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a matanthwe amapatsa mapepala akulu otseguka, omwe pafupifupi amaphimba mafupa. Ma coral a LPS, makamaka, safuna kuunika kwambiri ndi mafunde amphamvu ngati ma corals ang'ono-poly olimba, ndipo malinga ndi zovuta zamtunduwu amapezeka, titero, pakati pa Alcyonaria ndi corals yaying'ono (SPS). Izi zikufotokozera kuthekera kwa kuwasunga kumalo osungirako miyala yamatanthwe. Mwa ma corals odziwika kwambiri a LPS m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, zotsatirazi zitha kudziwika: Galaxea (Galaxea sp.), Caulastrea (Caulastrea sp.), Lobofillia (Lobofillia), Tubastrea (Tubastraea sp.), Eufillia (Euphyllia sp.).

"Zovuta m'miyala yamiyala yaying'ono"

Ma coral ang'ono-ang'ono kapena ma coral a SPS (a Little Polip Stony) ali ndi ma polyp ang'onoang'ono pa mafupa olimba. Mafupa ndiye maziko a mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a matanthwe, popeza ma polyp otseguka ndi ochepa kukula komanso amakongoletsa kokha pamwamba pa mafupa opangidwa, osasintha mawonekedwe ake.

Ma corals a SPS amatha kupanga magulu osiyanasiyana komanso osiyanasiyana m'mitundu ndi mawonekedwe. Ziphuphu zimawoneka bwino, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomangidwa. Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi madzi okwanira, kupereka kuwunikira kozama kwa mawonekedwe ena ndikupanga mitsinje yamadzi yamphamvu. Kuvuta kwa zomwe zili mu SPS-corals kupitilira ma LPS-corals, motero, kudzipatula "miyala yolimba yokhala ndi miyala yazing'ono-polypous" ndikofunikira kwa iwo. Muli makamaka ndi akatswiri odziwa kumadzi am'madzi. Mwa ma corals otchuka a SPS m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, zotsatirazi zitha kudziwika: Acropora (Acropora sp.), Montipora (Montipora sp.), Potsillopora (Pocillopora sp.), Seriatopora (Seriatopora sp.).

Aquarium yamiyala yopanda zithunzi

Maziko azakudya zambiri za alcynaria ndi ma corals olimba ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga photosynthesis ya algae acilia - zooxanthellae. Amakhala m'matumbo a coral polyp kapena m'mafupa a calcareous. Kuti zooxanthellae ikwaniritse ntchito yawo, igwiritsidwe ntchito mu photosynthesis ndikupereka zinthu za photosynthesis, ma coral polyp amafunika kuwala. Chifukwa chake, ma alcyonaria ambiri ndi ma corals olimba amafunika kuyatsa kwamphamvu mosiyanasiyana. Kwa madreporic SPS corals - okwera, a Alcynaria - apakati. Ma Coral omwe amalandila chakudya kuchokera ku zooxanthellae amatchedwa autotrophic.

Pali gulu la ma corals omwe amatchedwa heterotrophic, omwe alibe zooxanthellae ndipo amalandila chakudya kuchokera kwachilengedwe. Awa ndi otchedwa aposymbiotic kapena nefotosynthetics.

Ma coral awa ndi amodzi mwa nyama zokongola kwambiri zam'madzi. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala, monga lamulo, pamalo akuya kwambiri, komwe kulibe kuwala pang'ono ndipo kulibe mafunde amphamvu. Zosamalira mu aquarium, safunikira kuyatsa kwakukuru ndi mafunde amphamvu. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kuphatikiza ndi ma coral ena okhala ndi zithunzi ndipo makamaka zimasungidwa mu malo osyanasiyana. Kusowa kwa kuunika kowala kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga zokongoletsera zowoneka bwino kwambiri, ndikugogomezera mtundu wa matanthwe. Komanso, izi zitha kuchitika m'midzi yaying'ono yam'madzi.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya nefotosynthetics imaphatikizapo ma coral Dendrophilia (Dendrophyllia), Tubastrea (Tubastrea), Scleronephthia (Scleronepthya).

Mitundu ya Invertebrate Aquarium

Mwa kufananizira ndi nsomba zam'madzi amitundu mitundu, pamatha kukhala mitundu yama aquariamu amtundu wa invertebrates omwe amapangidwa kuti akhale ndi mtundu umodzi kapena umodzi. Mwachitsanzo, otchedwa "Jellyfish" idapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi jellyfish. Nthawi zambiri pazolinga izi amagwiritsa ntchito Eared Aurelia (Aurelia aurita), omwe amatchedwa mwezi jellyfish. Chimakhala chosasangalatsa, chimadyetsa zooplankton. Koma yake yokonza pamafunika kapangidwe ka ka aquarium kamatchedwa "Carousel mtundu" wagalasi la acrylic.

Mwachidule zomwe tafotokozazi, ziyenera kudziwika kuti nthawi zonse, posankha mtundu wina wam'madzi am'madzi kuti ukhazikike ngati nsomba kapena invertebrate, ndikofunikira kuphunzira mosamalitsa momwe akukonzera ndikugwirizana ndi ena okhala m'madzimo.

Mwachitsanzo, nsomba yowala ya Asterodiscus ofiira (Asterodiscus truncatus) siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti isungidwe mu aquarium ndi nsomba zazikulu zolusa ndi akola akuluakulu akuluakulu, chifukwa imakhala chakudya chawo. Mbali inayi, nyenyeziyo imatha kuwopseza ma invertebrates ena: masiponji, bryozoans. Njira yabwino yothetsera mavutowo ndi kuyisunga ndi ma coral kapena ma sea anemones.

Mwa kuchezera zolemba za nyama zam'madzi ndi zomwera patsamba la Aqua Logo, ndikudziwa mitundu yopangira ma aquarium, kulandira malingaliro oyenera kuchokera kwa akatswiri, mutha kupanga chisankho choyenera cha mtundu wina wam'madzi am'madzi ndi zolengedwa zam'madzi zomwe zimakhalamo.

Tubastreya (coral solar)

Ngati muli ndi malo ocheperako okhala ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, tubastrae ili ngati korali lalikulu lokhalokha lomwe mungakwanitse. Danga la colony limakonda kupitirira 13 cm, motero limatha kukhala mwamtendere ngakhale m'matanki 40-lita.

Kwa tubastrei, kuyatsa kwakuya ndi mafunde olimba amasankhidwa. Kupanda kutero, njuchi zimadzaza ndi algae. Korali ndi yowala bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti iyenera kuyikidwa mu malo am'madzi kotero kuti ikhoza kukhala yabwino kudyetsa kawiri pa sabata. Amadyetsa nsomba zopanda mchere ndi nyama. Mukapanda kupulumutsa chakudya, ma polyps a tubastrae "amakhala bwino" ndikuchulukana. Masana, nthawi zambiri amakokedwa m'dulamo, koma akayamba kudya masana, amakhala otseguka.

Coral imafalikira mwachangu, ndikupanga ma polyp achikasu owoneka bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana amadzimadzi.

Trachyphyllia (ubongo wamakhola)

Ma coral amodzi ochititsa chidwi awa ali ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa omwe amafanana ndi ubongo wa munthu. Kukopa ndi kusintha koyambirira kwamtundu wobiriwira kupita kwazitsulo komanso kuchokera ku kirimu kupita ku pinki, komanso kuthekera kwa fluoresce pansi pa kuyatsa kwa Actinic. Yoyenera kusunga m'madzi am'madzi okhala ndi malita a 190 kapena kupitilira. Koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ma corals awa ndi owopsa kwa nsomba zazing'ono. Mosiyana, amatha kudula ndikuwonongedwa ndi nsomba za centropigi ndi opaleshoni.

Trachyphylliums amapanga mizere yotalika masentimita 46. Sakonda kuwala kowala kwambiri, koma amatha kumvanso bwino ngati atazolowera pang'onopang'ono. Ali aang'ono ali omangika pansi, koma amasulidwa pakapita nthawi.

Amakhala mu typiosis ndi zooxanthellae, chifukwa chomwe amalandila michere. Komabe, amafunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera.

Pearl Bubble Coral

Coral ina yomwe imakongoletsa thanki yakunyumba yokhala ndi miyala yopanda 200 malita. Ma invertebrates awa amawoneka ngati zisoti zopangidwa ndi thovu ndi awiri pafupifupi 30 cm.

Ziphuphu za ngale zimakonda kuwala kofewa komanso zoperewera. Osayanjana ndi azungu. Ma Bubble ndi osalimba komanso otenga matenda. Idakhala nthawi yayitali ikusinthasintha ndikuwonetsa m'malo mwaukali.

"Mutu" wamakorali umakhala ndi ma vesicles ang'onoang'ono, mpaka 3-5 mm, omwe ali ndi zooxanthellae. Kutupa, imapereka mwala wodziwika bwino womwe umakhala mkati mwake ndikuwala kambiri. Usiku, thovu limasungunuka, ndipo mahema, m'malo mwake, amawongola.

Ngakhale kuphatikiza komwe kumapindulitsa ndi zooxanthellae, ma coric a vesicle amafunikira chakudya chowonjezera.

Goniopora (ubongo wopanga chihema)

Mu chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamatanthwe osaya, monga amakonda kuyatsa kwambiri. Amakhala m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 60 kuchokera pa ma polyp pamiyendo yayitali, iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi nimbus yokhala ndi ma tent tent kuzungulira pakamwa. Goniopora amakopa mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera bulauni komanso mtundu wobiriwira mpaka wachikaso ndi wabuluu. M'malo opanda ntchito, ma polyp amakokedwa kolowera. Koma mu mawonekedwe owongoka, ma coral amakula kwambiri kukula kwake, kotero mu aquarium ndikofunikira kuti muwapatse malo omwe ali.

Kukongola kwa goniopora kumalimbikitsa am'madzi kuti ayese mwayi wawo mu ukapolo. Koma zoyesayesa zowerengeka zokha ndizozochita bwino. Matanthwe ndi nyimbo. Mu malo osungirako miyala, miyendo ya ma polyp sikufuna kukula, chifukwa patapita nthawi imasiya kukongola pamwamba pa maziko a koloniyo. Zotsatira zake, invertebrate imasowa zakudya ndikufa mwachangu. Kutalika kwa nyama zothamanga izi kumatha kuwonjezeredwa pokhapokha ngati madzi abwino asinthidwa.

Eufillia (nyali yanthambi yamatchire)

Eufillia akumva bwino m'malo am'madzi, akukula mu ukapolo mpaka kukula kwakukulu. Imakonda madera akuya panyanja ndi malo otetezedwa ndi mafunde. Lili ndi ma polyp akulu okhala ndi ma tentpent opangidwa bwino, nsonga zake ndizotupa pang'ono komanso zowala. Mtundu, mitundu ya buluu ya fluorescent, yobiriwira ndi yachikaso imapezeka kwambiri.

Zazakudya zamakorali, poyambirira, zokhala ndi vuto la alanje (zooxanthellae) ndizomwe zimayang'anira. Komabe, mu aquarium, kudyetsa kuchokera ku zooplankton ndi nsomba zosankhidwa bwino zam'madzi sizingasokoneze.

Eufillia ndi korali wovuta kwambiri. Zingwe zawo zoluma zimatalikirana kwambiri kuposa 10 cm ndipo zimagunda nyama ndi poyizoni wamphamvu. Kuti musunge mu aquarium, chowala pakati kapena chowala, kuyenda koyenda, kutentha kwa madzi kwa madigiri 24-27 ndikulimbikitsidwa.

Zamoyo

Ma corals onse a aquarium amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ofewa komanso olimba.

Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu, komabe, mitundu yokhayokha imapezekanso.

Ena mwa iwo ali ndi mafupa olimbitsa thupi, pambali pake amatchedwa olimba. Amakhala pamadzi am'nyanja. Zina zimakhala ndi malo ofewa ndipo zimakhala pafupi ndi miyala. Pakati pawo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zomwe sizikufunika chisamaliro chapadera.

Nyanja anemones

Banja lama coral lilibe mafupa. Amalumikizidwa pansi mothandizidwa ndi makapu apadera oyamwa, omwe amatchedwa "okha". Amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono kapena zing'onozing'ono. Ma anemones a nyanja amaletsa munthu m'mimba wake ndi poizoni wamphamvu, kenako ndikukoka ndi ma tent tent.

Lobophytum

Mitundu iyi imakhala poizoni, chifukwa muyenera kuyisankha mwanzeru m'madzi anu. Kupatula apo, amatha kupha tizirombo tamoyo tating'ono pafupi.

Chifukwa chake zibzalidwe patali momwe zingathere. Kuti chamoyo ichi chizimva bwino, chimafunika kuwala kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa lobophytum mothandizidwa ndi mtundu wa algae kapena plankton.

Acropora

Pamafunika kukhazikika, komanso kuyatsa kwabwino, komanso kusalolera bwino kwambiri kumalekerera kusintha kulikonse mu kutentha. Kuti acropore ikhale yabwino, calcium kapena strontium iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi. Mutha kudyetsa algae iliyonse, komanso plankton.

Ma bowa am'madzi am'madzi

Ndiabanja la Actinodiscus ndipo ndizachinsinsi kwa akatswiri ambiri azomera. Zamoyo sizilola kuwala kowala kwambiri.

Zimabereka bwino kwambiri magetsi akayatsa magetsi atayatsidwa pafupi ndi aquarium, ndipo madzi akuyenda alibe mphamvu.

Amatha kukhala ndi nsomba, komanso ma invertebrates. Kudyetsa mothandizidwa ndi ma mesh mucous. Bowa amangotenga tinthu tating'ono tomwe timayandama mozungulira iwo.

Leathery

Ndi a banja la Cladiella ndipo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongola ya ma coral. M'malo achilengedwe, ma coral oterewa siali ozama kwambiri, kotero mu aquarium amadzimva kuti ali ndi ungwiro pansi pa kuwunikira kwakanthawi, komanso ngati madzi ochepa kwambiri. Monga bowa, miyala yamakoma achikopa amatha kukhala ndi nsomba, nsomba zazinkhanira, kapena ma invertebrates osiyanasiyana.

Nyenyezi

Mtundu wamtunduwu wamakorali umakhala wopanda kunyada konse pazambiri. Amatha kupezeka bwino pakuwunikira bwino, komanso ndikusowa kwake.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma polyp ngati amenewa amakonda kwambiri ayodini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kuyikira zosefera zokhala pafupi nazo.

Komanso ma korali amatha kuletsa maonekedwe a ntchofu pa miyala, komanso miyala. Zamoyo zimatha kupakidwa utoto utoto osiyanasiyana, kuyambira utoto wofiirira mpaka wofiirira. Koma pakati pawo mutha kupeza hue yakuda komanso yowala.

Zoontaria

Ndi a banja la Protopalythoa. Fotokozerani kwambiri kuwunika kwabwino. Amadya pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chomwe chimabwera mwa njira yawo. Mtundu ndi wa bulauni, amatha kutulutsa palitoxin, yomwe imabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zamagetsi a anthu. Zotsatira zake, munthu akhoza kungofa.

Grebe bowa

Mwanjira ina, bowa woterewa umatchedwa sacrophyton. Amagawanika mwachangu ngakhale pazovuta kwambiri.

Amatha kuzolowera chilichonse, chifukwa cha ichi ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati paokonda ambiri am'madzi.

Sacrophyton amadyetsa, amatenga tinthu tambiri tokhala m'madzi ndi madzi. Amapakidwa zonona kapena zonona.

Golovachi

Kubala kwawo kumachitika bwino kwambiri ngati kuunikako kuli kowala kwambiri. Zochita zawo zimayamba ndi kuyamba kwa usiku. Ngakhale mwachilengedwe matanthwe amenewa amakonda okonda mtendere, komabe nthawi zina ma sumu oopsa amatha kuyamba kupezeka.

Madreporic

Ma coral amtunduwu amasiyana chifukwa amatha kukhala m'magulu awiriwa komanso kukhala kwayekha. Amadzimva bwino kwambiri pakuwala kowala komanso pamthunzi. Koma madzi mulimonsemo ayenera kukhala owonekera komanso oyera. Amatha kudya nyama zazing'ono, monga shrimp kapena nsomba.

Ubwino ndi Kugulitsa Zinthu Zopanga

Ponena za miyala yamiyala yokumbira, iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri yokongoletsera madzi am'madzi. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi silicone, choncho ndiosavuta kuyeretsa ndikuwoneka ngati enieni. Ma coral opanga ali ndi zabwino zambiri. Izi ndi zonse zaubwenzi komanso chilengedwe chothandiza. Komanso ndi cholimba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kuwagulanso. Za mtundu wawo, ndizosiyanasiyana.

Kupanga zokongoletsera zam'madzi zoterezi kuti zizioneka zachilengedwe monga momwe kungathekere, chisamaliro chimayenera kutengedwa kuti zipangitsa kuti matanthwe azioneka ngati enieni. Komabe, pamodzi ndi izi, ma korona ochita kupanga amakhalanso ndi zovuta.

Choyamba, ndi mtengo wawo wokwera. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati zida zamtengo wotsika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, ndiye kuti malonda ake adzakhala oopsa. Chifukwa chake, ena onse okhala m'madzimo azunzika, choyambirira.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji?

Musanagule miyala ya korali, muyenera kusamalira kuti mupange bwino zachilengedwe. Kupatula apo, muyenera kuzigula m'masitolo apadera, kuphatikiza, kumaliza ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kugula koteroko kumathandizira kukulitsa kuthekera kwa ma coral mtsogolo.

Ngati idasungidwa pamtunda wokhazikika, ndiye kuti m'malo ena atsopano sangakhale ndi mizu.

Onetsetsani kuti mukugula ma korali omwe amatha kukhala limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kulingalira komwe aquarium imakhalapo. Kupatula apo, kusankha kwa matanthwe kumadalira zomwe kuunikira kudzakhala.

Malangizo Oyenera

Kuti musunge coral, muyenera kugula aquarium yokhala ndi malita osachepera 400. Madzi mkati mwake ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana 22-27 madigiri. Izi zimalola ma coral amoyo kuti azitenga kuchokera mmenemo zinthu zonse zofunika pakukula kwa mafupa. Kuphatikiza apo, madziwo ayenera kukhala oyera komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti imatha kuzungulira pafupipafupi.

Kuyatsa mu aquarium kuyenera kukhala koyenera pamtundu wina wamakorali. Chilichonse chimayenera kukhalira limodzi mosalekeza, zolengedwa zimangofa. Pambuyo pogula, matanthwe aikidwe pamwala, pomwe apitilize kukula. Mutha kulumikiza ndi guluu wapadera. Kupatula apo, osataya ma corals akufa, chifukwa atha kukhalabe gawo la aquarium.

Pambuyo pake adzatha kupanga mabakiteriya omwe amathandiza kupanga zinthu pafupi ndi zomwe zilipo.

Nkhani ina yofunikira ndikudya kwa ma corals osankhidwa. Pali zosankha ziwiri, chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zithunzi zamtundu wamchere. Kachiwiri, zakudya zimayamba chifukwa chokhala ndi michere yamadzi.

Kupatula apo, Onetsetsani kuti mukumvetsera pamene ma polyp akuwoneka m'matalala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi nthawi yoti adyetse. Kukula kwa chakudya kumatengera mtundu wa matanthwe. Popeza alibe maso, amadya chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka pafupi. Monga chakudya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, crustaceans, kapena zakudya zina zouma, zomwe zitha kugulidwa ku malo aliwonse apadera.

Zisankho zakapangidwe

Ndikosavuta kupanga kukongoletsa m'madzi ndi manja anu, makamaka ngati mwini wa "nazale zam'madzi" izi ndiye zoyambira, komabe ndizotheka. Masiku ano m'masitolo mutha kugula zinthu zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti mupange aquarium.

Pakati pawo pali mabatani amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi miyala yochita kupanga kapena ma grotto omwe amapanga kampani yama corals osankhidwa.

Ndi chithandizo chawo, mutha kupanga zaluso zenizeni zomwe zingasangalatse ena ndi mawonekedwe awo.

Tale wa Coral

Kuti muzindikira nthano ngati iyi, muyenera kulimbikira. Choyamba, Kumbuyo kwa aquarium muyenera kupanga maziko omwe mukufuna.

Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito utoto kapena tepi yapadera yamtundu womwe mukufuna.

Kenako pansi pa aquarium muyenera kumakutira ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono kapena zipolopolo, komanso miyala yaying'ono yomwe mungayikemo miyala yamtengo wapatali. Kuphatikiza apo, algae itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo obiriwira.

Pseudo-marine

Kuti mupange malo oterewa, simudzasowa ma coral okha, komanso gawo laling'ono, lomwe limaphatikizapo tchipisi cha nsangalabwi, mchenga wowuma, quartz yoyera. Monga zinthu zokongoletsera, zipolopolo zikuluzikulu, miyala ndi miyala yamiyala yozokotedwa kwathunthu ikhoza kuyikidwa pansi.

Zinthu zonse zikapukutidwa kwathunthu, mutha kuyika miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndikupanga ufumu weniweni wa nyanja. Munjira imeneyi, nkwanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito ma corals amoyo ndi owumba. Monga mukuwonera, pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma corals yomwe mungapangire malo osiyanasiyana am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi. Ngati malamulo onse posamalira zolengedwa amawonedwa, ndiye kuti adzakhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chokongoletsa mu aquarium iliyonse.

About corals mu aquarium yakunyumba, onani pansipa.

Zambiri za Coral za Aquarium

Zokongola komanso zosangalatsa ma corals amaso - loto la wokonda aliyense wa m'madzimo. Komabe, pakusamalira zolengedwa izi kuti zizikhala munjira yokumba, chidziwitso chokwanira mokwanira komanso chidziwitso pa sayansi ya ma corals ndikugwirizana kwawo ndi mzake komanso anthu ena okhala m'madzimo akufunika. Chilengedwe chapanga mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya ma coral polyps ndi madera awo, koma owerengeka okha ndi omwe amatha kupulumuka m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale zam'madzi.

Ma Aquariums omwe amakhala ndi ma corals amoyo, okhala ndi nsomba zam'madzi komanso nsomba nthawi zambiri amatchedwa miyala. Nawonso malo okhala m'matanthwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magombe am'madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma coral panyumba ayenera kukhala osachepera 400 malita. Pa kukula kwabwinobwino komanso moyo wa ma coral polyps, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium kusungidwe pamlingo wa 20-28 digiri C. M'madzi ofunda okha, ofanana ndi kutentha kwa nyanja zam'malo otentha, ma coral amatha kutulutsa calcium m'madzi kuti apange mafupa awo.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma coral ndi osankha kwambiri zamtundu wamadzi, kuyatsa, kuyenda kwa madzi mu aquarium (kuyenda koyenda kapena kutuluka kwa madzi) ndipo, kumene, kuchokera ku michere yapakati yomwe idapangidwa mu aquarium ndi mwini wake. Ziphuphu zimakhudza malo onse amkati mwam'madzi ndipo ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungasungire zachilengedwe zokhazokha m'malo osungirako amtunda okha.

Pafupifupi anthu onse okhala m'matanthwe amadya zolengedwa zina zomwe zimakhala pamwala womwewo. Ndipo ntchito yofunikira pankhaniyi ndikuwachotsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu amene mumakhala m'mizinda yanu ena. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha mosamala mitundu ya anthu okhala m'matanthwe anu okhala m'matanthwe.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti "miyala yamoyo" ili ndi malo apadera mu Aquarium yam'madzi. Awa ndi gawo la miyala ya m'miyala yomwe kale idapangidwa, zomwe zilumba zonse za Oceania zimapangidwa, zokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya zoyenda panyanja. Miyala "yamoyo" kwambiri m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, imakhala yodalirika kwambiri komanso yachilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi madzi am'madzi momwemonso (mabakiteriya opatsirana amakhala mkati mwa miyala). Muyenera kusankha mitundu ya nsomba yomwe ikukhala m'matanthwe anu okhala m'matanthwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'chilengedwe, ma korali ndi ma polyp amaphatikizidwa muzakudya za nsomba zambiri. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zam'matanthwe zimalandila mitundu yomwe imadya algae. Amatafuna mwala wobiriwira wopanda kanthu kuchokera ku miyala "yamoyo", potero amawongolera kukula kwawo ndikukhalabe aukhondo pamadzi.

Malo okhala m'matanthwe omwe amakhala m'madzi amakhala ndi nsomba zomwe sizili zazikulu kukula, koma izi ndizokulirapo kuposa momwe zimapangidwira komanso mawonekedwe oseketsa. Mutha kuwayang'ana kwa maola ambiri.
Kuchokera pakuwona kwa katswiri, nsomba m'matanthwe ndizosangalatsa kwambiri pamadzi am'madzi am'madzi. Reef ndi dziko lonseli logwirizana komanso logwirizana pakati pa nsomba, ma polyps, coral, shrimp ndi mitundu ina ndi mitundu ya nyama zam'madzi. Apa aliyense akufuna kudzipezera malo okhala abwino komanso otetezeka, kusamalira chakudya, kuyimitsa ndege za oyandikana nawo, pomwe osayiwala za chitetezo chawo. Ena mwa anthu okhala m'matanthwe a m'matanthwe amayesera kuti akhale ndi ana kwinaku akupangira iwo malo abwino.
Njira yopangira malo okhala m'matanthwe okhala ndi matalala komanso malo abwino okhala ndi malo okhala momwemo ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo imafunikira nthawi yambiri, kuleza mtima, kupirira komanso, chidziwitso chokwanira pankhaniyi.
Ngati mungaganize zopanga dambo lamadzi kunyumba, muyenera kuyembekezera kuti njirayi itha kutenga chaka chimodzi, ndipo muyenera kukhala okonzekera pasadakhale zolakwitsa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafunikira kuwongoleredwa mwachangu.

Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi funso loti azidyetsa ma korali, ndipo ndi chiyani? Ndi nsomba zonse zikuwoneka kuti ndizomveka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale mu ukapolo pakati pa asodzi am'madzi ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo funso pamutuwu silimabuka. China china ndi zolengedwa zofatsa komanso zazing'ono ngati ma coral polyps.
Ma coral aliwonse omwe amadziwika ndi ma aquarists ali ndi njira zopitilira imodzi.Anthu omapanga omwe amapangira nkhokwe zochulukirapo zam'madzi mu malo awo am'madzi ayenera kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe osagwirizana sangakhale oyenera kwa nyama iliyonse. Zofunikira pakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakorali ndizosiyana kwambiri mwakuti sizingathe kukhutitsidwa ndi njira imodzi. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti simungathe kupanga dimba la coral labwino. Ndi chipiriro chokwanira komanso kupirira, mutha kupanga zojambula zaluso zenizeni m'nyumba mwanu.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti ma corals ndi gulu la ma cell a nyama - ma polyps, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi algae oyimira mu zimakhala zawo. Chifukwa chowunikira kowala ndi nyali zapadera, algae imatulutsa michere pa photosynthesis, ndipo ma polyp amagwiritsa ntchito izi pang'ono. Mitundu yambiri ya scleractinia, corals yofewa ndi zoantaria zili ndi minyewa yodziyimira yachale-zooxanthellae (matanthwe a hermatotype). Photosynthesis ya zooxanthellae imalola ma coral kugwiritsa ntchito poizoniyu ngati mphamvu.

Njira yachiwiri yodyetsera ma coral ndiyo kusefa madzi kudzera m'matumbo ake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zinthu zapadera kumadzi ofunikira muzakudya zawo, kuwonetsetsa kuti kayendedwe ka madzi m'thala lam'madzi lotulutsira zinthuzi kumahema a polyps. Uli ngati malo achilengedwe, pomwe ma corals amakhala pansi ndikuwala bwino ndi dzuwa ndikusambitsidwa ndi mafunde akufunde pamafunde ndi nyanja. Izi zimawapatsa moyo wabwino komanso kukula.

Pali mtundu wachitatu wa michere yazakudya - kuphatikiza njira ziwiri zam'mbuyomu, i.e. ma coral ena amathanso kudya nyemba zosasunthika ndikudzipezera chakudya chawo m'madzi.
Ma Corals omwe amadya pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyamba mwa omwe afotokozedwawa amatchedwa ma autotrophs, heterotrophs amadya njira yachiwiri, ndipo ma corals amatchedwa mixotrophs amatchulidwa njira yachitatu yodyetsera. Mitundu ina ya miyala yamakhola imatha kudyetsa, pogwira anthu ochepa a m'madzi am'madzi ndikuwayumitsa ndi maselo awo omwe amaluma.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ma corals ambiri omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe ndi a ma mixotrophs, i.e. ntchito zakudya zonse zili pamwambapa.
Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe ma korali amadya, mumafunsa? Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za nyama zina (zosungunuka ndi nthaka), zoletsa komanso zotsalira za nyama zakufa zankhuni. Bacteria ndi organics yonse yasungunuka imapanganso gawo lalikulu la zakudya zamakorali ambiri. Kuwonongeka komanso kupukutidwa kwa zinthu zakufa zimatulutsa mapuloteni mu madzi.
Zomera zandalama (phytoplankton ndi algae) monga gwero lazakudya sizodziwika bwino, koma kwa mitundu ina yamakhola ndizofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, komabe, phytoplankton amadyetsa coral feed (zooplankton) ndipo, chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri mu kachitidwe ka aquarium.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, titha kunena kuti ma coral polyps amatha kugwiritsa ntchito tinthu tosiyanasiyana tinthu tomwe timayandama m'madzi. Komabe, zopatsa mphamvu zamtundu uliwonse wamatumbo am'makungwa omwe mukufuna kukhazikika m'madzi anu am'madzi ziyenera kuyandikira payekhapayekha, ataphunzira za chikhalidwe chake cha thanzi komanso moyo wazachilengedwe. Ndikofunikira kuganizira za kuyikidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma coral m'malo ena ndi magawo am'madzi, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti mtundu umodzi sukupondereza winawo.

Tsopano ndilembera mitundu ya ma korali omwe angalimbikitsidwe kuti azikhazikitsidwa m'mizinda yamatanthwe. Zambiri pazambiri zamtundu uliwonse zamtunduwu zimapezeka pa intaneti kapena kulumikizana ndi alangizi ogulitsa pa malo ogulitsa ziweto omwe amagulitsa ma coral polyps.

Pafupifupi kapena ma autorrophic corals nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kukhalabe mu ukapolo ngati kuwunikira okwanira kumaperekedwa, ndipo ndiwopambana kwambiri kuti azisunga m'matanthwe anu okhala m'matanthwe.
Ma Corals ogwiritsa ntchito makamaka zakudya zamagetsi:

• Acropora hyacinthus
• Acropora squamosa
• Pocillopora Damicornis
• Stylophora pistillata
• Goniastrea pectinata
• Echinopora lamellosa
• Symphylla sp.
• Fugia scutaria
• Zoanthus socialatus
• Palythoe tuberculosa

Antipatarias ndi ceriantarians sakhala ndi mwala wamatsenga m'misempha yawo ndipo amadya kwambiri ma coral a a khungu, mwachitsanzo, lalanje lowala matanthwe a dzuwaTubastrea sp. komanso zokongola Dendroneftia (Dendronephthya) zooplankton, bacterioplankton ndi zinthu zosungunuka.
Ma Corals ogwiritsa ntchito heterotrophic zakudya:

• Acropora pulchra
• Acropora sguamosa
• Acropora palifera
• Pocillopora Damicornis
• Stylophora pistillata
• Seriatopora hystrix
• Echinopora lamellose
• Turbinaria danae
• Favites adbita

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mukadyetsa ma coral, ndikofunikira kuganizira za mtundu uliwonse wa aquarium yanu yokhala ndi heterotrophic zakudya ndipo potengera izi, lembani zakudya (zamtundu wa biofood m'madzi a aquarium). Onjezerani zowonjezera zama organic zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya chamakorali m'madzi amadzimadzi ziyenera kusamalidwa kwambiri, chifukwa chilengedwe mwachilengedwe nthawi zambiri chimatha kusowa chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali, choncho ndibwino kuzimeza pang'ono kuposa kumeza madzi am'madzi azinthu zambiri.

Pali zizindikiro zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muyesere kudziwa kuti ndi nthawi yanji komanso nthawi yomwe mumafunikira kudyetsa korali inayake. Monga lamulo, kukhalapo kwa chiwalo chazakudya kumatanthauza kuti nyamayo iyenera kudyetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, ma coral omwe ali ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zolimba polimba ma polyp amafunika kudya pafupipafupi komanso / kapena kuchuluka. Ziphuphu zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha chakudya fungia (Fungia), euphilia (Euphyllia), plerogyre (Plerogyra) ndi trachyphilia (Trachyphyllia) Mosiyana ndi izi, ma corals okhala ndi ma polyp ochepa kwambiri kapena osowa nthawi zambiri amafunikira kudya pang'ono mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, osaya chikasu cha turbinaria alibe chidwi chambiri kuposa abale ake amadzi akuya.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha thanzi komanso kupezeka kwa matanthwe mumadzi ndichakukula kwawo komanso kubereka, zomwe zikuyenera kukhala njira yopambana yopanga nsomba m'matanthwe anu.