Mwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa arthropod, kangaude wolumpha umaonekera pazochititsa zake zapadera. Wosaka tsikuli ndi luso polumpha ndipo ali ndi maso abwino kwambiri. Kukhalapo kwa luntha, kuthekera kosiyanitsa mitundu ndi kuthekera kolumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito njira yovuta yotumizira mauthenga zimapangitsa kukhala chozizwitsa chenicheni cha chilengedwe.
Kudumpha kangaude ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yapadera kwambiri ya arthropod.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Kangaude wakale kwambiri m'chilengedwe amakhala m'malo onse okhala ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yofunda, amakhala kumadera ambiri amdziko lathu. Malo okonzekereratu amayatsidwa bwino ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Amakonda zitsamba, nthambi za mitengo, nthawi zambiri amapeza malo abwino malo okhala.
Pali malo ambiri ofunda
Cholengedwa chokongola chija chili ndi cephalothorax. Thupi laling'ono ndi lopaka ubweya ndipo limakutidwa ndi mawonekedwezomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokongola kwambiri. Mimba yozungulira imakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera. Ali ndi maso asanu ndi atatu, pomwe kutsogolo kumalola kangaude kuwona nyama.
Mahatchiwo ali ndi mawonekedwe owonera m'maso mwake. Kuthekera uku ndikusowa kwa dziko la arthropod. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yomwe imapuma modabwitsa komanso imakhala ndi mapapu.
Ili ndi kupuma kolimba komanso chida cha ziwalo zamasomphenya
Tambala wamphongo amakula mpaka 6 mamilimita kutalika, chachikazi ndi chokulirapo. Akangaude awa ali ndi miyendo yolimba. Mosiyana ndi akazi, miyendo yakutsogolo yamaso yokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima. Amakhala ndi ma pedipalps ochepa koma amphamvu. Ndi chithandizo chawo, akavalo amatha kulumikizana ndi abale awo, kuwatumizira zizindikilo.
Kanemayu akuwonetsa mitundu yachilendo kwambiri ya akangaude padziko lapansi:
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa akangaude imakhala ndi kuvina kwachimuna komwe kumazungulira wosankhidwa. Kusuntha kumakhala pakukweza ndolo zamkati, komwe amadzivulaza pang'ono m'thupi.
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa kangaudeyu ndiodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kachitidwe kake kosangalatsa komanso njira zophunzitsira
Kuwona zolengedwa izi zoseketsa kudawonetsa kuti munthu wolumpha wamwamuna amatha kuchita mwambowu asanawonetse pagalasi. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti chibwenzi chimabwera kwa wosankhidwa ndi mphatso - Chithandizo chakutidwa ndi intaneti. Chifukwa chake, amadziteteza ku chiopsezo chodyedwa ndi mkaziyo ngati adzakhala ndi njala.
Amuna samenyera akazi. Mchipinda cha duel chimangokhala chiwonetsero chazomwe chikugwirizana. Wopambana ndiye yemwe ali nawo akuluakulu. Ndi thandizo lawo, amphongo amaika ma spermatophores kumaliseche kwa mkazi.
Akamaliza kukhwima, wamkazi amamanga chisa kuchokera pa intaneti, pomwe amathira mazira. Iyenso imayang'anira kubzala mpaka ana atabadwa. Izi zikangochitika, mayiyo amasiya ana. Ana ali okonzekera kukhala ndi moyo wodziimira payekha ndipo kuchokera pakubadwa amatha kusaka. Mukukula, akangaude ang'onoang'ono molt kangapo.
Kusaka Ndi Zakudya Zabwino
Kusaka kangaude kokha masana. Pogona kanthawi kochepa, amasankha malo osawoneka bwino ndikuluka ngati bedi kuchokera pawebusayiti, ndipo ndi kunyezimira koyambirira kwa dzuwa amapita kukasaka nyama. Pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zisanu ndi zitatu zamasomphenya, kangaude, popanda kuyenda, amayang'ana mozungulira oyandikana ndi mbali zonse. Pozindikira womenyedwayo, amadziwiratu kutalikirana kwake. Atayandikira, amapanga mphezi kuti idumphe ndikugwira nyama.
Kangaudeyu amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timadziwa zambiri pankhani yosankha nyama
Ndi chelicerae, tambala amatilowetsa mthupi la chimbudzi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziwonetseke ndi chimbudzi, ndikuchepetsa mkati mwake momwe bowo limadyetsera. Zakudya za jumper zikuphatikiza:
- ntchentche zamitundu mitundu
- udzudzu ndi udzudzu,
- dimba aphid
- nsikidzi zazing'ono.
Amadziwika kuti hatchi yotentha imakonda kudya udzudzu wachikazi, pomwe pamimba pake pali magazi. Amanyalanyaza amuna. Izi zikuwonetsa zokonda za chakudya zomwe mitundu ina ya arthropod sikuchita.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu
Kutengera ndi mtundu wake, opumpha amasiyana mitundu, moyo ndi njira zosaka. Banja ili limaphatikizapo mitundu ili:
- Kangaude wofiyira kumbuyo amakhala makamaka kumadera louma a USA. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina chifukwa amamanga zisa za silika pamipesa kapena pansi pa miyala, pomwe amayembekeza nyama.
- Mitundu ya Himalayan ili ndi kukula kocheperako. Imapezeka pamwamba m'mapiri. Imasaka tizilombo, tomwe timawombedwa ndi mphepo kupita kumiyala.
- Jumper yachilengedwe imapezeka ku Australia ndi New Guinea. Mtundu wowala ndi mawonekedwe oyera.
- Akavalo agolide ndiofalikira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Ali ndi pamimba pokwera komanso kukula kwakukulu kwa kutsogolo. Mtundu wagolide unapatsa kangaude dzina.
- Akavalo okwera nyerere amakhala m'malo otentha kuchokera ku Africa kupita ku Australia. Mtundu ndi wosiyana - kuchokera chikaso mpaka chakuda. Kufanana kwa nyerere zamtopola kumapangitsa kuti zisakodwe ndi adani.
Mitundu ya kangaudeyi imakhala yosiyana ndi nyengo iliyonse.
Osatengera mtundu wamtunduwu, opumula onse amakhala moyo wopanda, kupatula nyengo yakukhwima. Nyengo yovuta, imabisala ngodya zobisika, ndipo potuluka dzuwa zimapita kukasaka, popeza kale zimawotcha ndi kuwala kwadzuwa.
Mahatchiwo ndi gawo lalikulu la ma arthropod oyenera kukonzanso nyumba. Izi ndichifukwa chakukhala kwawo mwamtendere komanso kusakhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, samapanga ukonde wosaka. Chiyembekezo chokhala mu ukapolo chimachokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2 zaka.
Zoyenera kuzisunga kunyumba ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika kuti munthu akhale nkhuni
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwinoko, wolumpha adzafunika malo owerengera. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mtsuko wamagalasi wokhala ndi chivindikiro cha pulasitiki, momwe muyenera kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Chipamba chonyowa chimayenera kuyikidwa pansi pazotengera kuti chinyontho chizikhala.
Ziwetozo zimafunikira kukhala ndi malo obisika kuti mupumule, motero muyenera kuyika timapepala, timiyala ndi dothi laling'ono m'nyumba mwake. Mafani a zolengedwa zokongola izi akutsimikiza kuti kavalo amatha kukumbukira ndikuzindikira mwini wake. Amatha kukhala phee kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuyang'ana munthu.
Kudyetsa sikophweka. Ndikofunika kungolingalira kukula kwa kachilombo komwe kamapita kukadyetsa: sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kangaude payokha. Akavalo samva kusowa kwa madzi, chifukwa amalandila madzi okwanira kuchokera mgululo. Koma tisaiwale za nthawi kunyowa kwa kangaude.
Kudumpha kangaude ndikosavuta pazambiri, ngati mutsatira malamulo onse
Hatchi ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono, choncho muyenera kuigwira mosamala kuti isavulaze thupi lake. Popewa kuwoneka ngati nyerere mu terarium, iyenera kutsukidwa kamodzi pa sabata.
Kufunika kwachilengedwe
Zingwe zoponyera buluzi ndizoyendera mwachilengedwe. Amadyetsa tating'onoting'ono ndipo amatha kuchotsa m'mundawo tizirombo tambiri, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo.
Mitundu yotentha ya mahatchi othamangitsa amabweretsa zabwino zabwino kwa anthu pakudya udzudzu wa malungo ndi ena onyamula matenda owopsa opatsirana. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti sikamayambitsa zovuta, kukhala pafupi ndi munthu, chifukwa chake muyenera kulingalira mosamala musanazifafanize.
Kufotokozera kwa kangaude
Malo osiyanasiyana okhala amakhala ndi kangaude wa mahatchi: nkhalango zotentha, malo otentha, chipululu, chipululu kapena mapiri.
Kubweta akangaude kumawoneka chonchi:
- ali ndi mapangidwe ambiri am'magawo a cephalic ndi thoracic, okongoletsedwa ndi yoyera.
- Zidutswa zam'mimba zomwe zidasungidwa zimakutidwa ndi villi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, wokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi yakuda, yomwe imasinthana.
- Ma-4 awiri amaso akulu amapezeka pamutu. Iwo ali ndi chifukwa chakuwonekera bwino kwa arachnid uyu. Chifukwa cha iwo, opumpha amawona bwino lomwe ndipo popanda zolakwa amawulula malo omwe wozunzidwayo ali. Amathanso kusiyanitsa mitundu.
- Kukula kwa kangaude wamitundu kumasiyana malinga ndi jenda. Zachikazi nthawi zonse zimakhala zokulirapo - matupi awo amafika 7-8 mm. Amuna ndi ochepa 1 mm.
- Ma tambala a jumpers amapangidwa mwaluso. Amasiyanitsanso amuna ndi akazi. Amuna, amuna ndi miyendo yakunja ndi mikwingwirima, ndipo mwa akazi, palibe. Mawonekedwe achiwiri (mahema) ndi ochepa, koma amphamvu kwambiri.
Mahema limodzi ndi mbali yakumanja ya miyendo imathandiza ma arthropod kukhala ochezeka. Arachnologists akwanitsa kale kufotokozera ngati zingwe 20 zomwe kangaudeyu amagwiritsa ntchito polumikizana.
Khalidwe
Kangaude yemwe amatsogolera amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Amatha kukulitsa miyendo yake pakusintha kwa magazi (mkati mwa hydraulic system).
Ndi malingaliro awa, palibe kukayika ngati akangaude akulumpha akavalo. Amatha kuchita izi pamtunda wautali, womwe umaposa kukula kwa matupi awo.
Pakadumpha, kangaudeyo amateteza ulusi wamtundu wa silika kukafika kuzitsulo. Komabe mahatchi amasunganso matupi awo ngati galasi. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha tsitsi laching'ono ndi zibwano zomwe zili pamiyendo.
Kuthawa, akangaude a mahatchi nthawi zambiri amatembenukira, ndikuyerekeza mtunda kwa amene akuthamangitsa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kubisala kwa mdani, chifukwa miyendo yawo imakula.
Chifukwa cha miyendo yake yamphamvu, arachnid samangoyendetsa bwino, komanso imalumpha motalika.
Kangaude wa mahatchi amapezeka m'malo ngati amenewa:
- nkhalango zimamukopa ndi mitengo, iliyonse yomwe angapange nyumba yake,
- Mapiri kapena matanthwe amasangalatsidwa naye - uko ndi ming'alu yake,
- minda imakopa iye ndi udzu wautali kapena nthambi zamango,
- mokhalamo munthu amathanso kukhala nyumba yake, chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala malo abwino kwambiri.
Akangaude a mahatchi ndi osilira. Amakhala otakataka kwambiri masana, ndipo usiku amafunafuna malo obisika. Kungokhala kwa usiku umodzi, kavalo kuchokera pa intaneti amavala kachakudya, ndikulowa ndikukhalamo mpaka m'mawa. Ndikubwera kwa kuwala koyambirira kwa dzuwa, hatchi imadzuka.
Ngati nyengo sizikugwirizana naye, kangaude atha kusankha kuti asachoke mnyumba yake masiku angapo.
Pambuyo podikirira nyengo yachilendo ndikuwona kusintha kwa nyengo mu nyengo, kavalo amasiya kutulutsa kwake, amawotha pansi pa nthawi yayitali, kenako napita kukasaka.
Mitundu ina ya akulumpha amatsata nyerere. Mimicry (ofanana) amawonetsedwa osati potengera mawonekedwe a thupi, komanso amabwereza kayendedwe kawo. Chifukwa cha izi, mahatchi amathawa ma misewu omwe amawasaka mokwanira.
Kusaka ndi zakudya
Kangaude kangaude imagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wake wa silika popanga lullaby komanso kuteteza mazira. Koma samagwira omwe amawazunza mothandizidwa ndi intaneti, koma amathamangira pambuyo pawo.
Nyamayi imakhala yosasuntha kwa nthawi yayitali, ikusanthula gawo. Poona kusinthasintha pang'ono, kangaudeyo amatembenuza mutu wake kulowera.
Ziwalo zake zazikulu zamasomphenya zimangoyang'ana kumene kunachokera phokoso kuti mudziwe mtunda wa komwe mukuyandikira. Kenako kavalo pang'onopang'ono amafikira nyama.
Amatsamira kumbuyo kapena kumbali ya womenyedwayo, pambuyo pake akulumpha mwamphamvu. Amagwira nyama ndi miyendo yoyamba ndikukumba pachikuto cha chitin ndi zibwano zake. Kenako nyanjayo imalowetsa poyizoni ndi timadziti kuti timalozere m'mimbayo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi cha akavalo chimaphatikizaponso:
- Tizilombo ta diptera
- kachilombo kakang'ono kakang'ono,
- udzudzu woyamwa magazi,
- nyerere.
Dzinalo "mahatchi" ma arachnid amalandila chifukwa cha njira yawo yopezera chakudya. Ngati gulu silinathe kuwerengera molondola mtunda kwa womenyedwayo, ndiye kuti amangotsalira pamatangadza, omwe ali olimba kuposa chitsulo chamlingo womwewo.
Kuswana
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa mahatchi imayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Sepemba. Pakadali pano, abambo amakopa akazi mwakuvina. Mwambo wakukwatawu umatanthauzira izi: yamphongo imanyamula thupi, kenako, pafupipafupi, kumenya ndi miyendo yakutsogolo.
Amuna angapo akakumana pafupi ndi wamkazi nthawi yomweyo, samapita kunkhondo. Amayerekezera mahema awo ndi inzake.
Wopambana ndiye amene amakhala ndi wamkulu. Amapitilizabe kuvina kwachikwati, akulemba zozungulira zovuta kuzungulira mnzake wokhala naye.
Nthawi zina amuna amapeza mkazi yemwe sanafike pa kutha. Ngakhale asanakhale ndi molt womaliza, adakungidwabe ndi ulusi wapaintaneti. Pamenepa, kavalo wa kangaude samamsiya, koma amadikira moleza mtima kufikira atakula, kenako nkuyamba kuvina.
Zochita zoterezi zimakopa zazikazi, ndipo amalola mwamunayo kudzipatula. Pamaso pa kukhwima, yamphongo imaluka khoka laling'ono ndikusiyira madontho ochepa.
Kenako amiza matenti mmakomawo ndikuwadzaza ndi umuna. Tsopano ali wokonzeka kusamutsa ziwalo zogonana zachimuna mthupi la mnzake.
Pambuyo pake, zazikazi zimabisala pobisalira ndikuyamba kuluka chisa. Malo obisika oti atumikire amatha: zinyalala zamasamba, ming'alu mumakungwa a mitengo, miyala kapena gawo lapansi. Pamenepo, pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wake wa silika, amaluka kubadwa kwa ana mtsogolo.
Pambuyo pakuikira mazira, wamkazi samachoka pachisa, koma amayembekeza kuti ana abadwe. Amachichotsa pambuyo pomwe kangaude amasankhidwa kuchokera ku coco cha silika.
Kukula kwachichepere sikuyembekezera kuti akulu azidyetsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kusaka. Asanayambe kukula, amadutsa maulalo angapo. Ndipo atakhwima pobwereza, amabwereza zozungulira za mtundu wawo.
Mtengo mu zachilengedwe
Akangaude a m'minda ya m'minda. Zimabweretsa phindu kwa wamaluwa, chifukwa amawononga tizirombo, amateteza mitengo yazipatso, tchire ndi zipatso kapena mabedi pakuwukira kwa kafadala yemwe amadya nkhuni, kafadala ka njovu, komanso kabichi yayikulu.
Olima ena mwamaluwa amabzala ma kangaude m'nyumba zawo zamalimwe. Izi zimachotsa kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena mankhwala ena oyipa.
Dongosolo lachiwawali limasiyanitsidwa ndi luso lapamwamba, kotero ena amaliona ngati chiweto. Ali mu ukapolo, wobisalayo amakhalabe ndi zaka zitatu.
Zimabweretsa zabwino, ndikuwononga nsabwe za maluwa. Samayenda mozungulira nyumba, koma amakhala pa maluwa omwe mwini wawo adawasankhira.
Kuluma ndizowopsa paumoyo waanthu
Mahatchiwa ndi ma arthropods oopsa, koma kwa anthu si owopsa. Masautso a poizoni wawo ndi ochepa kuti apweteke anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, kangaude wolumpha satha kuluma pakhungu la munthu.
Kanemayo amatanthauza oimira othandiza komanso osakhala oopsa a arthropods. Popeza kangaude wotereyu ndi wadyera, kusaka tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, kwa alimiwo imayanjana nawo kwenikweni.
Ngati anthu azindikira kangaude wamtunduwu, kenako asanawononge, ayenera kuganizira zabwino zomwe zimabweretsa.
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