Izi zidasinthidwa ku fakitole yofutsa ya Blagovarsky ku Republic of Bashkortostan. Chifukwa chogwira ntchito yowongolera bakha wa Peking, mbalame yokhala ndi zatsopano zokhala ndi zokolola zambiri idapezeka mwangozi. Patsogolo, adayamba kubzala "mwa iwo okha", ndikusankha anthu abwino kwambiri. Zotsatira zake zinali mtundu watsopano wosasamala.
Bakha wa Bashkir: khalani ndi chikhalidwe
Pakadali pano, pali mitundu iwiri yokha yayikulu ya mbalameyi, yosiyana mitundu ndi zipatso. M'mafamu a nkhuku komanso m'mafamu achinsinsi, abakha a "Bashkir" ndi "aki yoyera "amadzala. Makhalidwe a mitundu yonseyi ndi ophatikizidwa poyerekeza ndi momwe amasungidwira, kukhala mwamtendere, kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, motero, opulumuka ambiri. Komanso bakha wa Bashkir amayamikiridwa ndi eni ziwembu zapakhomo za nyama yokoma. Nthawi zambiri okhala pachilimwe amakana kusunga abakha chifukwa cha mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amapezeka m'matupi awo. Bakha wa Bashkir alibe dongosololi. Zokolola zamafuta m'mitengoyi zimangokhala 1.8-3.9%, pomwe minofu ya minofu ndi 2.9-4.1%.
Eni ake omwe ali ndi ziwembu zomwe adaganiza zopeza mbalame monga abakha a Bashkir ayenera kukonzekera chifukwa pofotokoza za kususuka, ndizotsika kuposa Peking imodzi. Mwambiri, mtengo wazakudya ndi 2.7 makilogalamu pa 1 kg yamoyo umodzi. Izi zimatsimikiza phindu la mbalameyo.
Zopatsa
Bakha bakha wa Bashkir amatha kulemera makilogalamu 4, kuyala nkhuku - 3.5 makilogalamu. Pofika zaka ziwiri, kulemera kwa nyama zazing'ono pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino kuli pafupifupi 3 kg. M'mafamu a nkhuku, kupha kumachitika nthawi imeneyi. M'mafamu achinsinsi, momwe amadya abakha nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwanira, amawasunga mpaka miyezi iwiri kapena inayi.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama yokoma komanso kulemera mwachangu, abakha a Bashkir amadziwika kuti amapanga mazira ambiri. Kwa nyengo 40 yopanga zipatso, kuyika mazira 217 "mazira", "oyamwa" - mpaka 228. Nthawi zambiri mazira abakha samadyedwa. Komabe, mtundu wa Bashkir lamuloli silikugwiranso ntchito. Ambiri omwe ali ndi nyumba amawona mazira ake kukhala okoma kwambiri kuposa nkhuku.
Kuswana
Bakha wa Bashkir, womwe umayesedwa ndi ife pamwambapa, utha kukagulitsidwa bwino m'nyumba. Nyama zazing'ono za mtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimapezedwa ndi mazira omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera ndipo amatha kulemera 90 g. Kutulutsa kwa ziweto zazing'ono ngati kholo la kholo lizisungidwa bwino zili pafupifupi 78%. Kupulumuka kwa abakha kuphwanya zolemba zonse. Msika waukapira umafika 99% yaing'onoting'ono. Poona ndemanga za eni ziwembu zomwe zimapezeka pa netiweki, abakha awa samwalira kawirikawiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a Baskir
Bakha amakhala ndi thupi lopanda minofu, lalitali (lalitali), lokhala ndi maula ambiri. Mawamba akuluakulu, osasunthika amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje.
Mutu wopendekeka, khosi lalifupi komanso miyendo yochepa kumapangitsa kuti likhale lozungulira, lokhazikika, lomwe limafanana ndi abakha akuthambo. Mlomo ndiwotakata, wosalala, komanso wokulirapo. Mitunduyi ili ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu: yakuda ndi yoyera komanso yobiriwira.
Pofika mwezi wachiwiri pambuyo pa kuwonedwa, zovalazo zimakhala ndi zinthu: Khungu labluu limawoneka pamutu wakuda, kumtunda kwa khosi komanso kumera mchira.
Zinthu zina zosangalatsa za mtunduwu:
- mthunzi wamadzi kuchokera kumbuyo mpaka m'mimba umawala,
- nthenga za Bashkir sizimanyowa konse,
- Drake sangathere.
Zomwe zatsimikizidwa ndizomwe zili mu Baskirs
Ndi chinyengo chonse, bakha wa Bashkir ali ndi zomwe ali nazo:
- Miyeso ya nyumbayo. Mbalame zimafunikira kuikidwa kwaulere. Posunga anthu atatu, osachepera mita imodzi amafunikira.
- Kuwala Ngati maola masana amafupikirako kuposa maola 9, mtundu wamalonda a nthenga ndi nthenga amachepa.
- Ukhondo wa m'nyumba, zinyalala zowuma. Mukakhala woweta, muyenera kusintha zinyalala masiku onse atatu, pang'onopang'ono mupatseni chipindacho ndikupereka madzi oyera.
- Kutentha. Kwa akulu ndi ana nyama, ndizosiyana.
Mu sabata yoyamba ya moyo, ana oyamwa ana amayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti zinyalala ziume komanso zotentha (pafupifupi madigiri + 30), chipindacho chimayatsidwa nthawi yonse.
Kenako kutentha kumachepera ndi 1 degree patsiku ndikuwunikira kumachepetsedwa ndi ola limodzi patsiku. Ndi masana maola 9 ndi kutentha kwa madigiri a +18, abakha amakula kuti akhwime.
Kudyetsa Bashkir nthawi yachilimwe ndi chisanu
M'mafamu a nkhuku, kusiyana kwakanthawi kwamapangidwe azakudya sikungathandize.
Zakudya zophatikiza kwambiri ndizophatikiza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamafamu payokha, zinthu zofunika munthawi yake. M'chilimwe, pafupifupi theka la zakudya ndizowonjezera zobiriwira. Uwu ndi udzu, nsonga, ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu monga chimanga zilipo.
M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya chobiriwira chimasinthidwa ndi chakudya cha udzu, mbewu za mizu, zinyalala pochotsa mpendadzuwa ndi chimanga. Mavitamini othandizira ndi zowonjezera zinthu zimasakanizidwa mu chakudya. Ndipo, zoona, payenera kukhala madzi abwino.
Nyengo iliyonse, chakudya cha mafupa ndi nsomba chimayenera kukhalapo pakudya kwa mbalame.
Kudyetsa abakha
Nyama zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa chakudya chofanana ndi mbalame yachikulire. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikuti chakudya ndi madzi zimakhala zatsopano nthawi zonse.
Nyama zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa chakudya chofanana ndi mbalame yachikulire
M'masiku oyambilira ataswa, ndikofunikira kudyetsa anapiye ndi dzira lophika, tchizi choko. Mazira oyenera ndi omwe anali opanda mazira. Iyenera kusungidwa pambuyo pogundana nthawi yachakudya.
Pambuyo pake, kudyetsa ndi mitundu yapadera yophatikiza kumakhala koyenera. Popeza palibe, phala limatha kukolola palokha.
Kuphatikizikako ndikuphatikizapo:
- mbewu zophwanyika
- ufa wa soya,
- ufa wamfupa, nsomba, udzu,
- zitsamba zophwanyika (dandelion, alfalfa, nettle),
- Masamba osankhidwa ndi masamba pamwamba (kupatula ma beets ofiira), mbatata yophika,
- mchere, mavitamini, amino acid.
M'chilimwe, muyenera kupereka zochulukirapo. Chidebe chokhala ndi miyala yabwino kapena mchenga wamtsinje chimafunika.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, nyama zazing'ono zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi zotayira zatsopano.
Kusamalira mbalame
Kusamalira abakha a mtundu uwu ndikosavuta. Monga mamembala onse am'banja, amakonda kwambiri kudya. Ndipo nthawi zambiri.
Kusakaniza kwatsopano kuyenera kuperekedwa nthawi 4-5 patsiku. Madzi atsopano ayenera kukhala osachepera malita awiri pa munthu aliyense, makamaka m'malo opanda malire. Popewa zinyalala za mbalame zomwe zikulowa mu thanki yamadzi, ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi mpanda wotsika.
Abakha ndi madzi am'madzi, motero ndikofunika kukhala ndi dziwe pafupi, osakhalitsa.
Kuyenda pa chipale chofewa ndi ayezi sikungavulaze abakha, koma zinyalala zonyowa zimatha kukhala zakupha. Kuti athandize kugaya chakudya, mbalameyi imafunikira miyala yaing'ono kapena mchenga.
Matenda abakha ndi abakha
Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi kufa kwa ana aang'ono, muyenera kusamalira nyanjayo moyenera ndi kupatsa katemera pasadakhale popewa matenda.
Ku Bashkirs, zofala kwambiri ndi:
- matenda a chiwindi,
- pasteurellosis (kolera),
- aspergillosis
- nsomba.
Mankhwalawa ntchito:
- tetracycline (wophatikizidwa ndi chakudya 40-50 mg / kg kwa sabata),
- oxytetracycline (wowonjezeredwa ndi madzi pa mlingo wa 2-3 mg pachimake),
- sulfadimethoxin (ndi chakudya tsiku lililonse pa 150 mg / kg kwa masiku atatu),
- Mepatar (yowonjezeredwa ndi madzi ochuluka kuchuluka kwa 10 g pa 5 l),
- Detrivit (2% yankho).
Ngati matenda apezeka ndi ziweto, ndikofunika kudzipatula ndi kuchiza odwala. Mchipindamo amafunika kuchita zoteteza ku matenda ndi kupewa kulowetsa ndodo kulowa m'deralo.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtundu
Mukamaweta, muyenera kukumbukira kuti bakha wa Bashkir ali ndi zabwino komanso zoipa. Ngakhale chomalizachi ndichikhalidwe chokha komanso chimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya abakha.
Izi ndi zinthu monga:
- cholimbitsa kagayidwe: mbalameyo imagaya chakudya mwachangu kwambiri ndipo imafunikira gawo lina,
- Kuwonongeka kwa ziweto zazing'ono: abulu aakazi sangathe kulekerera kuzizira.
Zosangalatsa!Dzira likuyika kutalika kwa bakha kutengera mtundu wa manambala. Zosadabwitsa kuti, zazikazi zokhala ndi nthenga za mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira zimakhala ndi mazira ochepa pachaka.
Ubwino wa mbalame ndi zokulirapo:
- chitetezo chokwanira matenda,
- kulemera mwachangu
- mafuta ochepa,
- zinapangitsa kuti chizolowezi chizimitsa mazira nthawi yayitali komanso chizolowezi chachikazi kuti chizilowetsa mazira,
- kuchuluka kwa kuwononga abakha (80% kapena kuposa),
- mitengo yodyetsa pang'ono molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhuku: bakha amakhala wamkulu pofika miyezi 2-2,5.
Kafukufuku wofanizira akuwonetsa kuti zabwino za mtunduwu zimapambana pazabwino. Kulima ndi kuswana kwa bakha wa Bashkir ndizoyenera m'mafamu aliwonse.
Kufotokozera za mtundu wa abakha oweta Bashkir
Bakha a Bashkir ndi okongola kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi khaki, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri ndi wakuda, ndi bere loyera. Ma drake ali ndi mtundu wowala bwino, pafupi ndi abale awo akuthengo. M'mafamu achinsinsi, abakha achikuda amakhala ambiri. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wa motley, amatchedwanso Bashkir wachikuda.
Mphamvu ya bakha wa Bashkir ndi yolimba, chifuwa chidayang'ana kutsogolo. Mutu umakutidwa kuchokera kumtunda, ndipo mulomo ndiwotakata. Khosi silitali, lopanda. Mapiko ake amayenda monyang'ama. Chikhalidwe ndichakuti miyendo imakhala yoluzungulira, yolimba komanso yamphamvu.
Amabakha awa ndi "ochenjera" ndipo akuwoneka bwino kwambiri pa miyezi 2,5, kale m'mwezi woyamba wamoyo, zonunkha zimapeza 80% ya kulemera kwamunthu wamkulu. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu pamlingo wa 3.3 ndi 4 kg. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chabwino, chopatsa mafuta ochepa m'thupi. Kuchuluka kwake ndi 2-3% yokha ya thupi lonse. Nyama ya bakha wachifundo, yokhala ndi kukoma kwabwino, ndi nyama yazakudya. M'mwezi wachitatu, bakha ndi wokonzeka kuphedwa, kupitilira apo amatha kusungidwa kuti azitha kubereka ndi kuyikira mazira.
Kupanga kwa mazira mu abakha a Bashkir kulinso pamwamba. Pafupifupi, mazira 200-230 olemera 85 - 90 magalamu amatha kupezeka kuchokera ku bakha imodzi pachaka. Mazira ali mu mawonekedwe oyenera. Abakha am'mawonekedwe akuda amathamangira bwinoko. Mu chofungatira, mazira okhathamira ndi pafupifupi 80%, amenenso ali okwera kwambiri. Bakha amayamba kuyikira mazira kuyambira miyezi inayi, ndikufika kukhwima kwa nyama ngakhale koyambirira.
Regimen ndi zakudya zodyetsa
Sipadzakhala mavuto akulu ndi kudyetsa abakha a Bashkir, iwo amatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe amapeza. Koma kuti mupeze zizindikiro zabwino, muyenera kuyang'anirani zakudya zawo ndikupewa kudya kwambiri.
Mbalame za mtundu uwu zimakhala ndi kagayidwe kabwino komanso matumbo amfupi, chifukwa chake chakudyacho chimatengedwa mwachangu ndipo chimatuluka. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudyetsa abakha awa pang'onopang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri. Pafupifupi abakha amadyetsedwa katatu patsiku, amatenga gawo lina la chakudya pawokha. M'mawa ndi masana ndibwino kupatsa phala, ndipo kumapeto kwa tsiku, chakudya chabwino kwambiri chimakhala chakudya chokwanira kapena chokwanira. Kumapeto kwa dzinja, kuyamba kwa kasupe kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri kupatsa mbewu zokhwima.
Abakha amasangalalanso kudya zakudya zamitundu yambiri, zodulidwa mizu, udzu, ndi silage. "Zakudya zabwino" zapadera za abakha zimakhala zophatikizika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ufa kuchokera ku udzu ndi kabichi (mitundu yosiyanasiyana), mungathe kuwonjezera kaloti. Zakudya izi zimathandizira kukula kwa abakha, zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, zimachulukitsa mazira.
Ngati abakha mwakula kuti apeze nyama yofewa, ndiye kuti zopatsa mphamvu za granular ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa pachakudya. Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti abakha amakula bwino komanso osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti mutha kudalira kuti apeza mazira ambiri ndi nyama yapamwamba kwambiri.
Akuluakulu amatha kudyetsedwa nandolo, chimanga, chinangwa, barele ndi mbewu zina zambiri zamasamba. Choko ndi yisiti wowonda ayenera kuperekedwa monga zakudya zowonjezera mchere. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera mavitamini, makamaka nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika, mpaka msipu wamsewu uyamba.
Onetsetsani kuti abakha nthawi zonse amakhala ndi madzi akumwa. Kuti madzi azikhala abwino nthawi zonse, ayenera kusinthidwa kangapo patsiku. Patsiku limodzi, bakha mmodzi amatha kumwa malita awiri a madzi. Madzi oyera ndi chofunikira pakukula kwa abakha a mtundu wa Bashkir. Ndikusowa kwa madzi m'makola a mtunduwu, kagayidwe kamasokonezedwa.
Zosamalidwa
Abakha a Bashkir ndi odzichiritsa, komabe amafunika kupanga zina:
- Mukakonzekeretsa chipinda, onetsetsani kuti ndi chachikulu, chowuma komanso chotentha. Kuti mukhale wouma, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mpweya wabwino. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa nthenga zanthete zazitali zimawonongeka ndipo matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kuonekera. Abakha safuna maonekedwe, samawuluka.
- Kutentha kwa chipinda nthawi yozizira kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 15-30 madigiri. Ololedwa osachepera 7 madigiri. Kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo, mungafunike kuyatsa magetsi oyatsira magetsi. Njira zowunikira zimathandizidwa ndi nyali wamba. Nthawi yayitali yoyatsa ikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 14.
- Chipindacho chimatha kukhala ndi maselo, koma mutha kuwasunga onse mchipinda chimodzi. Ndikwabwino kukweza pansi mpaka 20-25 masentimita ndikuwalimbitsa, kotero kumakhala kotentha, ndikupereka chitetezo chowonjezera ku makoswe. Zinyalala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi, udzu, udzu, wouma komanso wopanda zizindikiro za nkhungu. Onetsetsani kuti mulibe zojambula mchipinda momwe bakonzawo amawasungira.
- Abakha ndi madzi amadzi. Ngati pali madzi abwinoko pafupi, ndiye kuti mbalame zizilowedwa pamenepo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga dziwe lochita kupanga. Ngati mukufunitsitsa kubereka anthuwa, muyenera kukumba dziwe laling'ono. Chifukwa chake abakha amakula bwino ndikulemera.
Maenje, mavuto okhutira ndi njira zawo
Vuto lalikulu pakukulitsa abakha a Bashkir amatchedwa mwayi wawo wosasangalatsa komanso wosusuka. Ngakhale izi zimatengedwa ngati imodzi mwazabwino zake, pali ngozi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Ngati bowa wakudya kwambiri, pamenepo adzayamba kunenepa. Potere, nyama yake imataya mtengo wake, chifukwa imakhala yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mafuta ake ochepa.
Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti abakha ali ndi chakudya chochuluka momwe chikufunikira. Ngati abakha apatsidwa ufulu waulere m'chilimwe, ndipo iye atha kupeza chakudya, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwake kumachepetsedwa. Pankhani ya kunenepa kwambiri, sikuti thanzi la nyama limachepa, komanso kupanga mazira kumachepa. Kupanda kutero, palibe mavuto pakusunga abakha a Bashkir.
Ndi kuswana kwakukuru kwa abakha a Bashkir, pali kusiyana kumodzi. Kuchulukana kwa mbalame, makamaka nyama zazing'ono, kumadwala ndikakulirakulira. Chifukwa chake, sizoyenera kuti mbalame zonse, ngati zambiri, zizikhala m'chipinda chimodzi. Ndikwabwino kukhazikitsa yaying'ono, ndipo kuyenda kumapangidwa pokhapokha ngati pali mwayi. Izi sizofunika kwambiri.
Mbiri yakale
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mtunduwu unaberekedwanso mwamwayi panthawi yopanga mbewewe kukonzanso bakha loyera la Peking ku chomera cha Blagovarsky. Pakati pa omwe asinthika, oimira mtundu wina adayamba kusiyanitsidwa, omwe adadziwika ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso kupirira kwapadera. Kusintha kunayamba kuthandizira ndikuphatikiza.
Kukula achichepere, maupangiri ndi maphikidwe
Ana oyamwa amatha kumenyedwa mu chofungatira komanso nkhuku ya ana. Bakha a aberewa amakhala ndi nzeru zapakhomo zodziwika bwino, motero iwonso amatchera anapiye. Ana oyamwa adzakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino.
Akangochita kuswa, ana ake amafunika kuyatsa bwino. Ngati pali bakha pafupi, ndiye amawasamalira, aphunzitseni kupewa zoopsa ndikupeza chakudya pawokha. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti maudindowo amatha kusamutsira nkhuku yabwino.
Komwe kuli ana akumpanda, muyenera kuwaza, kupanga zinyalala zakuya. Kuphatikiza pa kuyatsa kwabwino, muyenera kusunga kutentha kwa sabata loyamba madigiri 30. Mu sabata yachiwiri, kutentha kumachepera pang'ono - madigiri 20-26. Pamene abakha ali ndi masiku 20, kutentha kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 18-20.
Masiku 10 oyamba muyenera kudyetsa abakha ndi mazira osenda owiritsa ndi tchizi tchizi ndi zitsamba. Mutha kupatsa mapira kapena mkate zinyumba, zolowetsedwa mkaka wowonda kapena Whey. Sabata yachiwiri, abakha omwe adakhazikitsidwa nyama, amayamba kudyetsa zakudya zama granular. Kuyambira sabata lachitatu, kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu kumayenera kuchuluka, ndipo kuyambira sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndizotheka kupereka chakudya chofanana ndi bakha wamkulu. Onetsetsani kuti mukuwonjezera ana oyamwa ndi chakudya ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono kuti timakola bwino.
Komabe muyenera kukumbukira kuti Musalole kuti mbalame iziyenda yenda mpaka mame atachepa kapena nyengo yonyowa kwambiri. M'mwezi woyamba wamoyo, abakha amamvera kwambiri hypothermia ndi dampness. Izi zimatha kukhala nkhani yayikulu ya ana. Nyengo yabwino, ana abwinowa amaloledwa kuyenda masiku 7.
Pansi pa msewu wowoneka bwino kwa abakha ayenera kukhala mchenga ndi udzu. Ngati palibe dziwe pafupi, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga ina yokumbamo. Monga momwe zikusonyezera, pafupi ndi dziwe ana agalu amalimba msanga ndipo amadwala pang'ono. Pofika miyezi isanu, ana abwinowo amasamutsidwa kumalo achizolowezi kwa abakha.
Mtundu wa abakha wa Bashkir amadziwika kuti ndi wovuta kwambiri komanso wolimba. Imfa ya nyama zazing'ono ndizosowa, ndipo pokhapokha pokhapokha malamulo akakhazikitsidwa atanyalanyazidwa.
Mtundu
Mtundu wa ma plumage wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri polekanitsa mtundu wonsewo ndi mtundu wa anthu omwe amapezeka mukasankhidwa. Zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitunduyi zimaperekedwa patebulo pansipa.
Mtundu | Kufotokozera |
Khaki | Khosi ndi m'mimba zimakutidwa ndi maungu oyera. Thupi lonse, kuphatikiza mutu, ndi laimvi ndi mawonekedwe. M'mphepete mwa mapiko ndi mchira wake amajambulidwa mtundu wamtambo kapena wamtambo. |
Wamabele-wakuda | Zowoneka bwino pachifuwa ndi zoyera, thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda. Pamutu, maula ali ndi mawu owoneka amtambo kapena obiriwira. |
Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji ndi bakha?
Akuluakulu mwakugonana amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zosowa zakunja:
- kumtunda kwa mutu, mchira ndi nthenga zam'mapapo am'mapapozo zimapeza mthunzi wakuda kuyambira tsiku la 35 la moyo,
- zazikazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wodekha, wowuma,
- Drake ndi wamkulu kuposa wamkazi; kutsogolo kwake kuli kwakukulu.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire kugonana kwa abakha?
Ana oyamwa mwakugonana amatsimikiziridwa munjira yosiyana pang'ono:
- Tenga chakudyacho ndi dzanja lako lamanzere ndikutembenuzira.
- zala za dzanja lamanja, tsegulani chinsalu ndi kutembenuzira kumbali yam'mimba,
- mu mchenga wamphongo wamphongo wazitali kutalika 1.5-2 mm,
- wamkazi mu cesspool ali ndi ozungulira mosabisa mosabisa.
Zambiri zothandiza posankha chikhalidwe chogonana zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga gulu lathunthu ndikusankha anthu oti adye kunenepa kuchokera kwa oimira kubereka.
Kupanga mazira
Abakha a Bashkir amathamangira kwa masabata 40-50. Nthawi imeneyi, anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khaki amapereka mazira 220, akuda ndi oyera - mazira 240. Kulemera kwa dzira limodzi ndi 70-80 g.
Kuti achulukitse zokolola, abakha atayamba kuthamanga, amapanga mphamvu zokulitsa masana, nthawi yayitali ndipo imakhala maola 14. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti akazi ali okonzeka kugwirizanitsa ana? Thamangitsani zochita zawo:
- sangaonekere pabwalo,
- kukhala ndi nthawi yambiri zisa.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
Bakha a Bashkir ndi nthumwi zofunikira za nyama ndi mtundu wa mazira, omwe akhala m'modzi mwa alimi okondedwa kwambiri pakati pa alimi a nkhuku. Kuswana sikufuna chisamaliro chapadera ndipo kulibe zolakwa.
- Ubwino waukulu wosamalira mtunduwu:
- kupanga dzira labwino
- kupulumuka kwakukulu kwa abakha,
- kusinthasintha kwanzeru m'malo onse a nyengo,
- kuwongolera
- mafuta ochepa mu nyama
- chitetezo chokwanira.
- Zofooka zilizonse zikuphatikiza:
- kulakalaka
- kutsimikiza kwa madzi.
Malamulo Okhatikiza
Malo osungira ayenera kukhala otentha. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwa pansi +77 C. Pansi pake ayenera kukwezedwa kutalika kwa 20 cm ndikulimbitsa makhoma kuchokera pakulowa kwa makoswe ndi nyama zina. Akuluakulu pa 1 sq. zipinda zidzafunika ma watts asanu a magetsi owonjezera.
Magetsi amayatsidwa m'mawa ndi madzulo kapena asanagone.
M'nyengo yozizira, pa 1 sq. Zolinga za 3-4 zimaloledwa, chilimwe - osaposa 2. Malo ake amayeretsedwa masiku 4 aliwonse. Ma mbale omwe amamwetsa ndi odyetserawa amayambitsidwa nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya manganese. Zilonda zimayikidwa pakona yakutali ya chipindacho. Bakha aliyense adzafunika chisa chake chapadera 60x40 cm.Pamtunduwu muyenera kupaka malo oyenda ndi malo osungira kapena achilengedwe, pomwe payenera kukhala ndi chivundikiro chaudzu wabwino.
Zodyetsa?
Abakha a Bashkir amadya chilichonse chomwe amapeza. Izi ndibwino kuti musalole ndikusuntha kudyetsa kwa mbalame kuti musanenepe kwambiri. Mbalameyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kagayidwe kofulumira, kotero, chilichonse chomwe chimadyedwa chimatengedwa mwachangu ndikupita kukukula kwa thupi.
Pakudya nyama yankhosa, chakudya chomwe chimakakamizidwa pachakudya chimakhala chopatsa thanzi pama gramu. Kuyerekeza kwa tirigu ndi zosakaniza za mbalame wamkulu ndi 0,4: 0,5. Pa gawo la bwalo loyenda ndi nyumba, mabokosi okhala ndi mchenga ndi zipolopolo zosweka nthawi zonse amayikidwa. Mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsedwa kanayi pa tsiku.
M'nyengo yozizira
Maziko azakudya zachisanu:
- chimanga
- tirigu
- nyemba
- choko
- chakudya chamagulu
- udzu ndi nyama ndi chakudya chamfupa.
Nthawi zina, nsomba ndi nyama yoboola zimasakanikirana ndi chakudya. 300 g ya minced nyama imawonjezedwa kwa munthu m'modzi. M'mawa komanso nthawi ya nkhomaliro amapereka zakudya zosanunkha, madzulo amakhala ndi chakudya chouma.
Molting
Nthawi yopanga mazira imayamba mu Okutobala ndipo imatha mu June. M'madera okhala ndi chilimwe chazizira, nthawiyo imafikira mpaka Ogasiti. Molt woyamba umachitika mu June-Julayi, wachiwiri - mu Ogasiti-Okutobala. Nthawi imeneyi, mbalameyo sipatsa mazira.
Mwa akazi, kusungunuka kumachitika masiku 10-15 pambuyo pa amuna. Poyambira koyambirira, nthenga zowongolera ndi nthenga za ntchentche za kusintha kwa ukulu kwa mitundu yayikulu; yachiwiri, nthenga ndi nthenga zazing'ono zimasintha.
Ana osamalira ana
Ana oyamwa ana amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera mwezi woyamba wa moyo. Atadulidwa, iwo, pamodzi ndi mkaziyo, amawasamutsa kuchipinda china. Zofunda zouma komanso zoyera ziyenera kusungidwa pansi nthawi zonse.
Chipinda chotsekemera cha ana oyaka pansi chizikhala otsekemera ndi kuchiritsidwa ndimadzimadzi sodium asanasowe. Pambuyo kuyanika, lime laiwisi limayikidwa. Kwa masiku 30 oyamba, amayi okha ndi omwe amatha kulumikizana ndi ana kuchokera kwa kholo lakale, malinga ngati ali athanzi bwinobwino. Kufikira masiku 30, nyama zonse zazing'ono zimalandira katemera ku matenda obwera chifukwa cha E. coli. Kuchokera pamiyezi iwiri ya moyo, kupukusa kwam'mimba komwe kumachitika kumachitika.
Kupewa matenda
Bakha wa Bashkir amasankhidwa bwino chifukwa chokana kwambiri matenda akuluakulu. Matenda angayambike chifukwa chazosamalidwa bwino. Matenda A wamba:
- Kuperewera kwa Vitamini - ndi zotsatira za kusowa kwa chakudya choyenera. Pazakudya za Bashkir, mapuloteni ndi michere yazakudya ayenera kuchuluka.
- Cloacite - kuwonetsedwa ndi kupukutira kwa zovala, limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba. Kupewa ndikumayambitsa zakudya zopezeka ndi mavitamini A ndi E, chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, oinyowetsa maliseche.
- Pasteurellosis, hepatitis ndi paratyphoid ndi matenda osachiritsika. Katetezedwe kamakhala mu chisamaliro chabwino cha malo ndi katemera wa mbalame zosakwana zaka 30.
Mtundu wa abakha wa Bashkir ndiwopindulitsa pakugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndipo umasiyanitsidwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Kale m'miyezi 3-4, mbalameyo yakonzeka kuphedwa, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wa chakudya.
Kudyetsa Zinthu
Mabakha a mtundu wa Bashkir nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'mafamu omwe mdera lawo mulibe chitsime chaching'ono. Izi zimatha kuchepetsa mtengo wodyetsa (mpaka 50%). Mwa zina zomwe zimasiyanitsa mtundu, pakati pazinthu zina, zimadziwika kuti ndizosangalatsa. Abakha a Baskir amakonda kudya nyama ndi nyama.
Dyetserani ana pansi pang'onopang'ono atawuma. Palibe chifukwa chake muyenera kuzengereza. Kupanda kutero, izi zimakhudza phindu lochulukirapo la ana ang'ono mtsogolo. Chakudya choyamba cha anapiye chizikhala chotentha mazira, tchizi tchizi, yogati. Mutha kudyetsanso ana aang'ono a tsiku limodzi ndi phala kapena crusher yabwino kwambiri. Simungapereke rye zokha. Nthawi zambiri anapiye amapatsidwa oat kapena chimanga.
Pakatha masiku angapo, anapiye amatha kuyamba kudyetsa zitsamba zosenda bwino. Mutha kupatsa ana, mwachitsanzo, clover, dandelion, nettle, alfalfa, etc. Kuyambira tsiku lachinayi, zinyalala za nyama, chinangwa, ufa wamfupa ungayambitsidwe mu zakudya za abakha. Kuyambira tsiku lakhumi, mbatata yophika imawonjezedwa ku chakudya cha abakha, omwe amawonjezeranso mishmash. Zotsirizirazi ndizokonzekera bwino osati m'madzi, koma mkaka. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa crusher kudyetsedwa kumayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono. Bakha wa Bashkir ayenera kulandira mapuloteni ambiri momwe angathere. Pankhaniyi, adzayamba kulemera mwachangu.
Kuyambira masiku 24, ana abulu amatha kuyamba kumasulidwa mu dziwe. Ngati tsamba lotere lilibe, nkofunika kuwonjezera zinthu zosoka duckweed kapena zina zam'madzi kwa osakaniza. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayenera kudya zakudya zomwe sizinenedwe theka la ola.
Zinthu zake
Mabakha a mtundu wa Bashkir ndi odzichiritsa. Komabe, kwa iwo ndikoyenera kumanga nyumba yayikulu komanso yabwino. Kwa mita lalikulu imodzi sayenera kupitirira zolinga ziwiri. Ana a mphaka nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kumapula. Payenera kukhala nyali zabwino m'nyumba. Kupanda kutero, mtundu wa nthenga utha kuwonongeka m'mabakha. Zachidziwikire, nyumbayo iyenera kukhala youma komanso yoyera.
Pambuyo pa zokometsera zazikazi ndi zowuma, zimayikidwa m'bokosi. Popewa anapiyewo kuti asazizire komanso kuti asazizire, amaika chofunda chomwe chimakutidwa ndi nsalu pansi pake. Kutentha kwa mpweya mu bokosi m'masiku oyamba amoyo a abakha ayenera kusungidwa madigiri 30. Pakatha sabata, amayamba kuichepetsa. Asanayambe kusinthanitsa ndi abakha kunyumba, akuyenera kukhala madigiri 22. Iyenera kukhala yotentha mu caddy yokha. Siyenera kuloledwa kuti igwe m'munsi mwa 18-20 digiri.
Kuyatsa m'masiku oyambira kuyenera kukhala kuzungulira nthawi. Patatha masiku atatu kumenyedwa, imayamba kuchepa ndi ola limodzi patsiku, ndipo pang'onopang'ono imabweretsa maola 16-18.
Kupititsa Panyumba
Bakha wokongola wa bashkir amamva bwino m'nyumba ngati mpweya wabwino ukhazikitsidwa. Komabe, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti mulibe zolemba m'chipindacho.
Ma mbale akumwa ndi othandizira amalimbikitsidwa mnyumba. Zinyalala zouma kapena udzu zayikidwa pansi. Abakha amakonda kupopera madzi. Chifukwa chake, akumwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Ngati mbalamezi zikhonza kunyowetsa zinyalala, ziyenera kusintha. Monga odyetsera abakha a Bashkir, komanso ena aliwonse, zikho zamatabwa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakudya iliyonse, ayenera kutsukidwa kwathunthu. Izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda osiyanasiyana mu mbalame.
Mwa zina, zisa ziyenera kuyikiridwa khola. Mutha kuwombera pansi kuchokera pamabodi wamba. Sayenera kukhala kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, zigawo mwa iwo sizingatheke kukwera.
Abakha a ku Bashkir, kuswana ndi kukonza zomwe sizovuta kwambiri, ndi mbalame zopanda chidwi komanso zolimba. Sadzetsa zovuta zambiri kwa eni ake. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupanga chakudya chamagulu owopsa a abakha. Ndipo mbalameyo imalemera msanga ndikuikira mazira ambiri.
Mabakha a Bashkir khaki ndi abakha akuda amakhala ndi zisonyezo zabwino za nyama ndi dzira, ndichifukwa chake obereketsa ambiri amakulitsa mosangalala awa madzi a madzi. Poona abakha awa, miyendo yawo yofiirira yokhala ndi minyewa yodontha komanso mulomo wokwera bwino nthawi yomweyo zimawadikirira. Mtundu mafotokozedwe a bakha Bashkir, malangizo a kukula ndi kusunga mbalameyi amafotokozedwa pansipa.
Bakha wa Bashkir: Kufotokozera, kulima, kudyetsa
Ma abakha a Colombia a Bashkir ali ndi zabwino zambiri, zomwe zazikulu zake ndi izi:
- Zizindikiro za nyama ndi dzira,
- kunyalanyaza zikhalidwe zomwe akumangidwa,
- kukana chisanu
- chitetezo chokwanira
- kusinthasintha ndikusintha kwatsopano.
Chithunzi cha Bashkir
Bakha wa musk wa Bashkir ali ndi mafuta ochepa m'mthupi, chifukwa chake akatswiri azakudya amalimbikitsa kuti azidya nyama ya nkhuku kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba komanso chiwindi, komanso okalamba ndi ana.
Ndikofunika kuyambitsa abakha a Bashkir powonera malangizo a kanema ndi malingaliro ochokera kwa obereketsa aluso. Mwachitsanzo, zokumana nazo zikuwonetsa kuti abakha a Bashkir amayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chowala bwino. Kukula kwa abakha ndi kuchuluka kwa mazira oikidwa kumadalira mwachindunji pamenepa. Ndi kuyatsa mokwanira komanso kudya mokwanira, abakha azaka ziwiri amatha kulemera pafupifupi 3.5 kg. Chifukwa chake, kuyatsa kwa ana oyamwa mpaka miyezi isanu iyenera kukhala osachepera maola 10 patsiku, ndipo mpaka miyezi 10 - osachepera maola 15.
Abakha am'kati mwa Bashkir ndi makolo abwino, omwe ali ndi nzeru zapakhomo. Chifukwa chake, ana a ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito abakha ndi abakha. Oberera nthawi zambiri samakumana ndi mavuto ndi kuwaswa, chifukwa amakhala ndi kupulumuka bwino komanso thupi lolimba lomwe limalimbana ndi matenda ambiri.
Timalimbikitsa kuwerengera nkhaniyi: Abakha a Bashkir, mawonekedwe.
Pazonsezi, kuyambitsa anapiye ndi nkhuku yokhala ndi zinthu zabwino, ndi:
- abakha amayi amadyetsa ana ndi tizilombo
- nkhuku imagwira bwino ntchito yoteteza ana agogo,
- Kutenthetsa nyama zazing'ono pansi pa mapiko a amayi kuli bwino kuposa kutentha kwangozi.
Oberekera ena amalanditsa ana agalu mothandizidwa ndi nkhuku, yomwe si yoipa kuposa bakha kuti athane ndi ntchito ya kholo. Mulimonsemo, kukula kwachinyamata kukukula modabwitsa komanso kulemera msanga.
Bakha wokongola wa Bashkir ali ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe okongola, samadwala ndipo amakula msanga. Kafotokozedwe ka mtundu wa bakha wa Bashkir, zithunzi ndi makanema zithandiza abusa a novice kubereketsa ndi kusunga mbalamezi mikhalidwe ya famu yawo. Muthagula abakha a Bashkir kuchokera kwa alimi a nkhuku omwe amawalima kapena pafamu ya nkhuku. Pitilizani kuwerenga pa fermeru.pro.
Ndemanga pamutuwu:
Mtundu wa Bashkir udawinduka podutsa mallards ndi Peking, ndiye kuti abakha anu adzaphwa.
Ngati nyama mulard. Koma amakula motalika kuposa abakha. Zachidziwikire, ma Bashkirs. Bakha wa Blagovarskaya (Bashkir) samalemera 2 kg m'masiku 75, koma onse atatu, osachepera ndi ife. Koma ali onenepa. Ndikuvomereza. Bakha ndiwothamanga kwambiri - wowotcha adatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi ndemanga m'modzi. Kwa masiku 60 3kg kulemera. Nyamayo imakoma. Zowona, abakha mafuta nawonso. Mwachangu, monga wolemba posiyi amafunsa, uyu ndi wowotcha bakha.
Little Golshtinka. Mapwe a ku Bashkir. Bwerani mudzacheze.
Zikomo nonse, ndikufuna kuswana mpaka anthu 1000 kuti agulitse ndikupanga dzira pamtengo wa ma ruble 60 pazinthu 10 pomwe ndikugulitsa nkhuku. Kuphatikiza pa izi, ndikugwira ntchito yoweta nkhuku Loman Brown ndi abakha a mtundu wa Bashkir ndipo pali chofungatira chabwino pankhaniyi.
Abakha a Goose ndi Bashkir safuna kutentha. Anandiphunzitsa kubwera ku barani kuti ndikagone, koma anthu ena samapita, amakhala pamsewu, kuyesera kumuthamangitsa - wonyoza. Lero ndi -20, osachepera kuti anagula m'mawa.
Kuwona zomwe abakha. Bashkir m'miyezi 5 iyamba. Akazi am'nyumba pambuyo pake.
Tili ndi atsekwe, abakha, abakha, musk, othamanga, Bashkirians, ndi malo ogulitsira nthawi yozizira limodzi. Ndipo onse amasungidwa ndi mabanja awo. Ngakhale kuti chaka chimenecho, a Bashkir utak amakonda kwambiri kupondaponda othamanga bakha. Koma izi sizilinso abakha. Ndipo pafupi ndi kasupe tizigawa aliyense.
Ndinalemba za abakha amtchire (mallard). tidawoloka ndi nyumba (Bashkir ndi Beijing)
Kenako padera.Osabwerezanso zolakwa zanga za abakha omwe adawapha, asthena m'modzi yekha ndipo ndimafunitsitsadi kuphika bakha wa Bashkir.
Mwina simunazindikire, koma zanga zinkakonda kupondaponda abakha, chifukwa pofika masiku 180-200 abakha amayamba kukhala ma testicles, kenako ngati amakhala musk, koma mwachitsanzo mtundu wa abakha wa Bashkir uyamba kukhala testicles asanakhale 5.5.
Bakha a Bashkir amakhala ndi mazira ambiri .. 230 pachaka. ndikutenga, amayi abwino, abwenzi olimba kwambiri. werengani za iwo.
Ozunza amazunzidwa, kenako khwangwala amakoka abusawo, ndiye kuti makoswewo amatenga abakha anayi usiku umodzi, kenako nkhandweyo idakola nkhuku 4 zazikulu ndikakokanso 5 ina. Chapakatikati phula lidayambika khola, nkhuku ziwiri ndi bakha wa Bashkir. Adzakhala mumsampha wokongola.
Kodi mtundu woterewu ulipo? Izi nkhuku zodziwika za ku Russia zilipo, ndipo abakha akuwoneka kuti ndi ngati a Bashkir akumbidwa ndipo aku Ukraine azikhulupirira! Pobereketsa amafunika zazikazi popanda crest koma onyamula jini la crest! ndiye zisoti zidzakhala zazikulu! Ndinkakonda kuthana nawo, kenako ndikusinthana ndi nkhuku!
Kodi mukuganiza kuti bakha wa Bashkir mu khola lozizira, pa zinyalala zokuta (utuchi + udzu) azilala nthawi yozizira? Chakudya ndi madzi mumsewu. Kodi pangafunike kutseka khomo usiku kuti nthawi yachisanu ithe kapena kuwasiya abwerere momwe angafunire?
Awa ndi ma Baskir ndi mawere oyera, abakha onse.
Ndili ndi zigawo 14, chaka chamawa sindikufunanso zina))) chifukwa amayenda m'mudzimo ..akudya minda ya anthu oyandikana))) abakha 6 a Bashkir .., (mokweza chabe))) midzi 7 yosavuta yomwe 1 kumenyera )))) tambala tambala tambiri ndi nkhuku))) a Highsex Brown 5 atambala ndi atsikana atatu))) Ndikufuna chaka chamawa cha Wyandotte, tawuni yaying'ono komanso atsekwe akhungu)))
Ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso chokwanira, abakha a Bashkir patatha miyezi iwiri, ndikuganiza kuti ndizosatheka kusunga. Izi, monga ambiri amazitcha, "nyama yofulumira."
M'nyengo yozizira, thovu limaluma bakha wa Bashkir. Kunali kuyendetsa kwa ku Baskiri, ndinkagula nsomba zam'madzi kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Drake uja anapondaponda bakha koma palibe wonayo sanasunthe. Bakha adakhala pamazira katatu, mazirawo adakutidwa ndikusiyidwa ndi mluza. Mwina ndi ine ndekha.
Mabakha amtundu wa Bashkir (Ndimakonda mtundu uwu) Woyera mwina Peking (ngakhale kuti Bashkirs ndi yoyera) Mulimonsemo, tengani atsikana oyera, ndipo kwa iwo kuyimba kwa musk, mwina mwayi ungamwetulire.
Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nafe!
Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo kapena muli ndi mafunso?
Lembetsani m'dera lathu
Nkhuku ➤ nkhuku, zinziri, atsekwe, abakha
ndikumacheza ndi alimi a nkhuku!
Makhalidwe a bakha wa Bashkir
Makhalidwe a abakha a Bashkir akuphatikizira zabwino komanso zoipa zake.
- Mbalameyi imafulumira msanga ndikuzolowera zinthu zina.
- Makhalidwe apamwamba opangidwa ndi zipatso sanazindikiridwe pokhapokha m'mama famu a nkhuku, komanso atasungidwa pamalo achinsinsi.
- Zokolola za nyama kuchokera ku 4 makilogalamu ndi 70%. Imakhala ndi kakomedwe kosangalatsa, kovutikira, kotsekemera, kopanda fungo lililonse. Kuchuluka kwake kumathamanga - nyama zazing'ono zimaloledwa kuphedwa kuyambira miyezi iwiri yokha.
Makhalidwe a bakha wa Bashkir
Kodi zovuta kusunga ndi ziti?
Pankhani yokonza, wodzikongoletsa. Bakha ma Bashkir amalima kunyumba komanso pamakampani. Malo olimidwapo zilibe kanthu, koma momwe angasungidwire ndikusamalidwa zimagwira ntchito yayikulu, chifukwa zimakhudza machitidwe a mbalame.
- Zambiri zitha kukhala chilichonse: osayenera, abakha, korona. Chachikulu ndikuti kutentha mkati mwake kunali mkati mwa madigiri 7 kutentha nthawi yozizira, ndipo nthawi yotentha nthawi ya chilimwe imakhalabe.
- Ndikofunika kukweza pansi masentimita 25 pamwamba kuti nthaka isazizire kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira; komanso, chitetezo pamiyala iyenera kupangidwa.
- Masana masana mchipindachi chatha maola 14. Kuti muchite izi, mawindo ndi kuyatsa kwapakonzedwe kumakonzedwa.
- Kuyenda wobzalidwa kwambiri ndi amadyera. Ndikofunika kupangira chosungira kapena kupanga chilengedwe, ngati pali pafupi.
- Omwe akumwa amakhazikika m'nyumba ndikuyenda. Mbalameyi imafunikira madzi ambiri, oyera komanso atsopano. Imafunika kusinthidwa katatu patsiku, nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha, chifukwa imayamba kutentha dzuwa, ndipo masamba ndi zinyalala zitha kugweramo ndi mphepo iliyonse.
- Ndikofunikira kuyeretsa mbewa zonsezo nthawi zonse kuti mbalame zizikhala zoyera. Osachepera kamodzi pa sabata, koma masiku atatu aliwonse. Ma mbale omwera ndi owadyera amayeretsedwa tsiku lililonse. Kamodzi pa sabata, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azisokerera ndi madzi otentha kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kuti aphe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tonse.
Kodi kudyetsa abakha?
Bakha wa Bashkir ali ndi matumbo afupiafupi komanso amasakanikirana kwambiri, omwe angayambitse zovuta zina pakudya. Zingakhale bwino ngati mungapeze chakudya chamapangidwe amtunduwu, koma si aliyense amene ali ndi zapamwamba. Kuti mbalame ilandire zofunikira pazinthu zofunikira, chakudya chimatengedwa chopatsa thanzi ndikuphatikiza kuwonjezera mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.
- M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisakanize kusakaniza ndi silage, udzu wa chakudya ndi kabichi. Dzungu, mbatata ndi kaloti zimawonjezedwanso - awa ndi masamba omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri yozizira. Kuti muwonjezere phindu lazakudya zopatsa thanzi, ufa wamfupa ndi udzu ndi ma silage amasakanizidwa.
- M'chilimwe, masamba amapatsidwa mbatata zokha, kaloti ndi dzungu - kabichi samayikidwa. Komanso, udzu ndi chakudya chamfupa, silage sichimaperekedwa m'chilimwe.
- Kuchokera kwa abakha a chimanga, barele, oats, tirigu ndi chimanga chitha kuperekedwa. Kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, amasakanikirana komanso kuphwanyika.
- Mu mbale ina payokha payenera kukhala choko, chipolopolo chosweka, miyala ya miyala.
- Ndikwabwino kusakaniza mchere wa patebulo wocheperako posakaniza kapena mu chakudya chamagulu, ngati mulibe.
Dyetsani mbalameyo katatu patsiku, ngakhale pali kuyenda kapena ayi. Ngati mbalameyo ikufuna kudya, siyifuna. M'mawa ndi masana perekani masamba osakaniza, amadyera ndi kuwonjezera kwa mavitamini. Madzulo amapatsa chimanga. Pafupifupi, zakudya za munthu wamkulu zimayenera kukhala 55% yazakudya ndi 45% ya chimanga.
Sabata yoyamba, anapiye amadya kangapo patsiku. Kenako amasinthidwa ndimakudya anayi patsiku. Kufikira masiku 10 mukudya, mutha kuphatikiza tchizi tchizi (chopanda mafuta), mapira, mazira a nkhuku (yophika), amadyera osankhidwa, makungwa amtundu wophikaphika akhathamira mu Whey. Kwa masabata 7, mutha kuyambitsa udzu ndi msipu.
Thupi
Malamulowo ndi olimba, thupi ndi lamankhwala, mapiko ake amakhala olimba thupi. Bakha wa Bashkir akuuluka, motero ali ndi keel wofotokozedwa bwino. Chifuwa chikuwonekera kutsogolo. Tizilombo tambiri timatupa tambiri, koma tatifupi, timatalikirana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gululi ligwedezeke.
Mutu umakutidwa kuchokera kumtunda, ndipo khosi lalifupi limapindika mochokera kunja. Ngakhale kutalika kwa khosi, limakhala ndi ma vertebrae kuposa gira. Mlomo wokhala ndi bata komanso wotsika kwambiri wa bakha wa Bashkir umatha kutulutsa chakudya chomera mosavuta.
Ponena za utoto, kuchuluka kwamtundu wakutali ndi pafupi kwambiri ndi komwe kumakhala kwa anthu akuthengo. Maziko a anthuwa ndi abakha akuda yoyera (buluu, oyera ndi imvi).
Palinso bakha wautoto, nthawi zina mtundu uwu umatchedwa "khaki". Amasiyana wina ndi mnzake osati mtundu, komanso kuthekera kuyikira mazira. Mwambiri, zazikazi zimakhala ndi mtundu wochepetsetsa, mosiyana ndi ma drake.
Nthenga mwa munthu aliyense wamwamuna kapena wamkazi zimawonekera kumimba, ndipo mulomo ndi miyendo ndi lalanje kapena pafupifupi. Amawoneka osazolowereka: pali chinyengo chomwe ma contours amawoneka atazungulira miyendo ndi mulomo.
Nthenga za ku Bashkir sizimayenda chifukwa cha chinyezi, ndipo miyendo yake ilibe mathero amanjenje. Izi zimathandizira bakha kuyendayenda paliponse.
Momwe mungasungire mtundu wa Bashkir?
Kuchepetsa kumatheka kudzera mu chofungatira kapena nkhuku ya mayi. Bakha wa Bashkir amasiyanitsidwa ndi chibadwa champhamvu cha amayi. Akagwidwa ndi njira yachilengedwe, njirayi imatha kuteteza ana ngakhale kwa obereketsa, kuwaletsa kutola ana aang'ono.
Kuberekera bakha wa Bashkir
Akasungidwa chofungatira, achinyamata akangobadwa amawayika m'bokosi, kumene amakhala milungu yoyamba ya moyo wawo. Mmenemo amapatsidwa malo abwino okhala, kudyetsa nthawi zonse, chisamaliro.
M'masiku oyamba, kutentha kwa chipinda kuyenera kukhala madigiri 30, ndipo pofika tsiku la 21 mumachepetsedwa 18 madigiri. Pambuyo poti agogo aja azolowere, amatha kumasulidwa kupita paddock ndi kusungira ndi amayi.
Masana masana m'masiku oyamba amoyo ayenera kukhala mozungulira wotchi. Pofika tsiku la 21 amachepetsedwa (pang'onopang'ono) mpaka maola 10, ndipo kuyambira mwezi wa 5 amawonjezedwanso mpaka maola 15.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ndi kubereka kwachilengedwe, kutentha ndi kuyatsa ndizovuta kuzisamalira. Potere, ana amapita kuchipinda chokhala ndi mipanda pafupi ndi amayi awo kuti akathe kupanga zofunikira, kapena amaperekedwa kwathunthu kwa mzimayi, yemwe amawasamalira. Malinga ndi obereketsa, ngakhale osayang'anira kayendedwe ka kutentha ndi kuwunikira, kuchuluka kwa nyama zazing'onoting'ono kumakhala kwakukulu.
Mtundu wa mbalame
Ma Bashkirs amaonedwa ngati mbalame zamaphokoso: mawu awo ndi akuthwa komanso osiyana mawu. Anthu amakhazikika amalankhula nthawi iliyonse masana. Ndipo mudzamva kukuwa kwambiri ngati mbalameyo yasangalala. Chodabwitsa cha mtunduwu ndi chakuti ndi akazi okha omwe amatha kusowa.
Drakes ndiwogwira ntchito komanso wopambana, koma sikuti amakangana. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe awo: amuna nthawi zambiri amaloleza akazi kuti aziwatsogolera ndikuwasanja.
Ngakhale zili choncho, mbalameyi sikhala yankhanza osati kwa abale ake okha, komanso kwa mbalame zazing'ono. Amatha kusungidwa mnyumba yayikulu panjira yoyenda ngakhale pang'ono.
Kulemera kwa abakha ndi mawonekedwe a nyama
The Bashkirka imapeza phindu la nyama miyezi 1.5 pambuyo pomenyera. Pambuyo pa m'badwo uno, molt wawo woyamba umayamba, kuchuluka kumachepa pang'ono. Miyezi iwiri ndi theka ndikokwanira kuti bakha wa Bashkir afikire 3 kilogalamu wolemera, ndipo ma drake amakula mpaka 4.
Abakha ochokera ku Bashkiria ali ndi pafupifupi 70% ya nyama, ndipo ndi yofatsa komanso yopanda fungo labwino. Amakhala ndi wosanjikiza wamafuta (Zizindikiro zimakhala pakati pa 1.8% ndi 3.9%).
Chifukwa cha izi, nyama ya Bashkir imadziwika kuti ndi yazakudya. Pokhala ndi zakudya zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi, anthu aku Baskiri amakula kulemera koyamba m'miyezo yoyambirira ya moyo. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti suyenera kusunga bakha wodya nyama kwa milungu yopitilira 7, koma obereketsa amakangana kwambiri pankhaniyi.
Mazira a Bashkirok
Ali m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya moyo, bakha wamkazi wa Baskir amatha kuyikira mazira. Dzira limodzi lokha limalemera pafupifupi magalamu 90. Pachaka chimodzi kuchokera chachikazi chimodzi mumatha kupeza mazira opitilira mazana awiri. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha mazira chimatengera mtundu wa abakha.
Chakuda ndi choyera chimabweretsa chaka kuchokera ku mazira 230 mpaka 270, ndi mbalame zokhala ndi mazenera a khaki - mazira 210-250 m'miyezi 12.
Mosiyana ndi nyama, mazira ndi odziwika chifukwa cha zakudya zawo zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri (185 kcal pa magalamu 100). Nthawi zambiri mazira abakha sagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, koma izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa abakha a Bashkir.
Mazira amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa njira zodzikongoletsera monga gawo la mankhwala achikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri komanso kupanga mazira, abakha a Bashkir pang'onopang'ono akusintha mitundu ina kuchokera ku mafamu.
Komwe mungagule kokayenda ku Russia
Ngati mungaganize zobereketsa abakha a mtundu wa Bashkir, muyenera kugula mbalame yoswana. Ndikofunika kugula abakha ku famu yoswana, kapena kufamuamene amakhazikika pakuberekera abakha a Bashkir.
Mutha, mwachidziwikire, kugula abakha kumsika kapena kwa amalonda wamba. Koma pamenepa palibe chitsimikizo kuti abakha awa azitsatira kwathunthu magawo onse amtunduwu. M'mafamu osungira, akubwera mosamala kuti asankhidwe aanthu kuti akhale oswana ndikuwunika bwino mbalame. Kuti mupeze ndendende komwe mungagule abakha a mtundu wa Bashkir, ingotsegulani intaneti. Pafupifupi m'chigawo chilichonse pali mafamu omwe amaberekera ana ndi kugulitsa ana ang'ono. Ambiri amakonza njira yoperekera malingana ndi malamulo onse kuti mbalameyo isamapanikizike kwambiri ikamasuntha.
Mutha kugula abakha kapena mazira kuti mubereke makulitsidwe, omwe ndi 100% osagwirizana ndi mtundu wanu, mu malo osungirako mitundu ndi genetic yoperekera nkhuku "Pleptivia Blagovarsky", yomwe ili ku Bashkortostan. Kupatula apo, zinali komweko kuti abakha a mtundu wa Bashkir adadulidwa.
Ubwino wa mtundu
- Dzira hatchability limaposa 80%, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwa bakha woweta. Amakula msanga ngakhale adakali aang'ono,
- Mbalame zimalimbana ndi matenda ambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira,
- Bakha a Bashkir amapezeka mosavuta mu chilengedwe chilichonse,
- Nyama imakhala ndi mafuta ochepa, famuyo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mazira, fluff Bashkir,
- Kusasamba koyambira kwa abakha kumakupatsani mwayi wokupeza mazira ambiri pazamoyo zawo zonse,
- Mbalame ndizosavutikira, kotero eni ake samawononga ndalama pazosakaniza zamtengo wapatali,
- Amuna a bakha wa Bashkir ndiwokongola ndipo azikongoletsa famu iliyonse,
- Kukhazikika kwa Baskir kumapangitsa kuti izisungidwa m'nyumba zodziwika, chifukwa sizowopseza ena oimira.
Chomangira bakha wa Bashkir
Bakha wotereyu alibe zolakwika zilizonse. Zoyipa zokha za mtunduwu ndikuti zokolola zawo ndizotsika poyerekeza ndi zomwe othamanga achi India omwe samapezeka ku Russia.
Bakha a Bashkir amafunika kulowa malo osungira madzi oyera oyera ndi zinyalala zabwino. Anthu aku Bashkiri amadziwikanso ndi chilakolako chabwino (mwakutero, izi zitha kunenedwa pamitundu yonse ya abakha). Ngati munamwa kwambiri abakha, amatha kupanga kunenepa kwambiri.
Kwa achichepere
Ana abakha a Bashkir ndi olimba: amayimilira pakatikati patangopita maola ochepa atabadwa ndipo amakhala ndi mafupa olimba. Koma kuswana kunyumba kumaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zofunika.
Ana achikulire akangotuluka m'chipolopolo, amafunika kukhazikitsidwa kuti azikakhala m'chipinda chotentha. Liyenera kukhala ndi kuwala kokumbukira, ndipo abulu atakhala kuti akupita mwezi, sungani kutentha 30 madigiri. Kuti muchite izi, khalani pansi ofunda (makamaka nyengo yozizira).
Mbalame zikafika masiku 22, muyenera kutsitsa kutentha kwa chipinda kukhala madigiri 17. Kuyambira masiku awa, mutha kulola ana okhathamira ndi ana ake kuthamangira m'chipindacho ndikuyenda.
Malo abwino kutuluka ndi dziwe laling'ono. Ngati izi siziri patsamba lanu, yesani kudzipanga nokha. Izi zili ndi phindu pa kakulidwe ka ana a bashkir. Pambuyo pake, yambani kuwongolera nthawi yamasana m'chipindacho: kuyambira sabata lachitatu, muziyatsa nyali kwa maola 10 mpaka 14. Pambuyo pa miyezi 10, onjezerani kwa 15.
Monga makolo awo, ana ankhanda samadzichiritsa. Mutha kuwadyetsa ndi zosakaniza zomwe mumapereka kwa akuluakulu a bakha wa Bashkir. Koma ndibwino kuwonjezera mafuta amkaka, tchizi chosawerengeka komanso tchizi chophika mazira a nkhuku kuti azidyedwa ndi bashkirok ang'ono.
Akasamalidwa bwino, ana onse abakha amapulumuka. Nthawi zambiri pofika nthawi ino, anthu aku Baskiri amapeza 70% ya akulu akulu.
Kwa abakha akuluakulu
Abakha a Bashkir ndi onyoza. Amasinthasintha mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana, koma pali maphikidwe opangira kutonthoza kwa mbalamezi:
- Abakha a Bashkir amadya mosangalala chilichonse chomwe amapeza m'bwalo, koma chakudya chake chimayenera kuwongoleredwa. Apatseni chakudya katatu patsiku munthawi yake, koma musalole kulemera kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri m'mawa ndi masana amapereka zosakaniza zamadzimadzi, ndipo madzulo - chakudya cholimba, i.e. mbewu kusakaniza. Pakudyetsa abakha a ku Bashkir, ma silage, mbewu za chimanga, Yerusalemu artichoke, chakudya chapadera chogulidwa, yisiti ya chakudya, ufa wa udzu ndi nandolo zosapsa ndizoyenera. Chovomerezeka kuwonjezera kaloti ndi mutu wa kabichi yoyera, dzungu lamkati kuzakudya. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka nthawi yozizira.
- Onjezani miyala yocheperako kuzakudya. Zimathandizira kugaya chakudya kwa ma Bashkirs, popeza tinthu tating'onoting'ono timazirala mkati mwa m'mimba. Musaiwale kuphatikiza zophatikiza zama feed ndi michere ndi mavitamini osakaniza nkhuku.
- Apatseni mbalame zogona madzi oyera. Poyamba, abakha akuBakkir mwachangu amaphika zakumwa, ndipo chachiwiri, amafunika madzi okwanira malita 1-2 patsiku.
- Sinthani zofunda masiku atatu onse. Popewa matenda owopsa, yesani kuyeretsa ndikuyika malo.
- Patsani abakha anu kuwala koyenera. Maola onse masana m'nyumba yawo yankhumba kapena nkhuku azikhala pafupifupi maola 15.Kuwala mumalo a bakha kumathandizidwa ndi nyali wamba zomwe zimakhala pakati pa 35 ndi 45 Watts.
- Yang'anani pakusintha kwa kutentha, tetezani mbalame ku mphepo. Chonde dziwani kuti nthawi yozizira kutentha kwa chipinda chokhala ndi abakha sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa +7 digiri Celsius.
- Sungani chinyezi chokwanira pa 60% kapena 75%, sankhani chizindikiro, kuwunika kuyimitsidwa kwa cholembera. Mwa chisamaliro chokwanira, perekani nyumbayo ndi zokupatsani mpweya wabwino.
- Kuteteza abakha a Bashkir ku makoswe, kwezani pansi masentimita 25 kapena 30 ndikuphimba ndi zida zapadera zomwe sizingadutse tizirombo. Ikani zisa zoyenda pafupi ndi khoma kuti zitheka. Yesetsani kubzala maudzu ndi kupatsa abakha mwayi wopita kumadzi.
Ndi nkhuku
Sipangakhale mavuto ngati ana akakhanda amabadwa mwanjira yachilengedwe. Izi ndizabwino kwambiri m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono, komwe sikopindulitsa kuti insubator ichite mphamvu zambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha ndi kutentha kwachilengedwe kuchokera ku bakha weniweni kumakhala kwambiri. Bakha wamayi amasamalira ana atachotseredwa, chifukwa abakha a Bashkir ali ndi chibadwa chabwinobwino.
Bakha a Bashkir amaberekera kuteteza ana awo kubzala ndi makanda, amawaphunzitsa kusambira, kupeza chakudya m'malo owonekera. Koma musaiwale kulabadira zaumoyo komanso momwe zimakhalira nkhuku. Ana obadwa kwa mtundu wa Bashkir ali ndi thanzi labwino, koma kuchokera ku bakha amatha kutenga matenda oyipa.
Incubator
- Kuchokera pakuyika mazira abakha kuti awayikemo chofungatira, sikuyenera kupitirira masiku 5. Sungani mazira ku kutentha kosaposa madigiri 13 ndipo osachepera 9. Panthawi yosungirako, atembenukireni kangapo patsiku. Osagwiritsa ntchito mazira okhala ndi tchipisi kapena kuwonongeka kwina kwakuthupi.
- Pambuyo pochiza matenda ndi mabakiteriya ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, ayikeni mu chofungatira ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 38 Celsius. Patembenuleni maola 6 aliwonse, ndikusunga chinyontho pa 70%,
- Sabata yachiwiri yakukhalira mu pulogalamuyi, tsegulani mazira maola anayi aliwonse. Onjezerani kuyenda kwa mpweya ndikuchepetsa chinyezi mpaka 60%,
- Kuyambira tsiku la 15 mpaka tsiku la 25, musasinthe microclimate, koma mazira abakha ozizira kwa mphindi 20 kawiri pa tsiku. Chifukwa cha zochita zamitundu mitundu, kutentha mkati mwa dzira kumadzuka, choncho musaiwale za kuchuluka kwa kuzizira,
- Pakutha masiku 28 mazira onse ayenera kumaswa. Ntchito yolumikizira imathandizira pang'ono kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mpaka 90% ndikuwonjezera kutuluka kwa mpweya. Izi zipangitsa kuti chipolopolo chiwoneke kwambiri.
Thanzi labakha la Bashkir
Abakha ochokera ku Bashkiria amalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda amtambo ambiri. Koma ngakhale samasungira kuchuluka kwa mbalame nthawi zonse.
Tsatirani malangizowa kuteteza mbalame zazing'ono ndi zazikulu:
- Musanakonzere chipinda chaching'ono chopanda bakiteriya, ophera tizilombo. Ndizosavuta kuchiza ndi sodium hydroxide kapena hydrogen peroxide. Tsitsani chipindacho kwa masiku osachepera anayi. Gawo lomaliza limawonedwa kuti ndi loyera laimu mu 20%. Magawo awiri kapena atatu amafunikira.
- Patulani anthu omwe mumawaganizira kuti akudwala. Sikovuta kuzindikira izi pakati pa ena: bakha ndiwosagwira, osakhazikika poyenda, chilakolako chake sichimalankhula bwino. Nthawi zambiri mapangidwe a mbalame zotere amamangidwa, ndipo mapiko amatsitsidwa pansi modabwitsa. Pofuna kuti musawononge phula lonse, ikani mbalame yotereyi cholembera chokhachokha.
- Osanyalanyaza kupita kwa veterinarian kuti mupereke katemera wanu. Onetsetsani kuti mukumane ndi katswiri wa nkhuku ngati mukukayikira kuti mliri wayamba mnyumba mwanu. Kuthandizira pakanthawi kachipatala kumachepetsa kutaya. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kubzala abakha anu ngati mukukayika za chikhulupiriro chabwino cha omwe amakupatsani kapena ngati mwabweretsa nokha.
- Musakhale aulesi kusintha zinyalala nthawi. Moyo wapamwamba kwambiri wamasiku atatu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti abakha a Bashkir amakonda kwambiri madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amawaza iwo kumbali zonse. Udzu wonyowa, wouma umasanduka malo abwino operekera tizilombo tosaopsa.
- Yesetsani kuti musapulumutse anapiye amtundu umodzi mu gulu limodzi. Zikatero, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda umachulukana kwambiri. Apatuleni mpaka achinyamata azikhala olimba mokwanira komanso azitha kulimbana ndi matenda.