Warbler wa banja labwino kwambiri, ndi imodzi mwaz mbalame zambiri ku Russia.
Choyeracho ndi pafupifupi kukula kwa mpheta (pafupifupi 17 cm). Zovala zamphongo zazimuna pakubala kwake ndizokongola kwambiri - mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi kuchokera kummero ndikuwacheka mpaka pansi mchira wake ndi njerwa, pamphumi yakuda, kumtunda kwa mutu, kumbuyo kwa mutu komanso kumbuyo kwa khosi ndi imvi. Nthenga za mapikowo ndi zofiirira zokhala ndi malire oyera m'mphepete lakunja. Nthenga za mchira wake ndi zofiirira, ndipo nthenga ziwiri zakumaso kwambiri zimakhala ndi mawanga oyera. Pa mapiko awiri oyera owoneka bwino opingasa mikwingwirima. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira; naduhve ndimtundu wobiriwira. Akazi ovala zovala ndi ofanana ndi amuna, koma mamvekedwe amitundu ambiri amakhala abuluu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimafanana ndi akazi mu mitundu.
Amakhala nkhalango ndi mapaki amitundu yonse, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi komwe munthu amakhala.
Tizilombo timawuluka mumitengo, nthawi zambiri yayitali kuposa kutalika kwa umunthu, kumadziphimba ndi moss ndi lichens. Mkati, chisa chija chimakhala ndi nthenga zochuluka, masamba fluff ndi tsitsi. Nthawi zina zisa 2 nthawi yotentha. Mu clutch 3-6 bulish ndi madontho ndi mazira mazira.
Amadyetsa mbeu ndi magawo obiriwira azomera, nthawi yachilimwe - komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi ma invertebrates, omwe amadya ndi anapiye.
Nyimbo ya Finch ndiyabwino, imasungidwa m'khola ngati chovala chokongola.
Berastsianka
Gawo lonse la Belarus
Zomaliza kubanja - Fringillidae.
Ku Belarus - F. c. coelebs.
Mitundu yodziwika yosamukira kusamukira, nthawi zina nthawi yozizira. Ambiri m'malo, malo ambiri, opezeka m'nkhalango zonse zachilengedwe, m'mapaki amtawuni, m'minda ndi m'malo ena.
Kukula kwa mpheta. Zambiri zamphongo ndizosiyana kwambiri: pamwamba pamutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu ndimtambo wonyezimira, masaya, khosi, chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizotuwa-zofiirira kapena zofiirira, kumbuyo kumakhala mgoza wakuda, mchira umakhala wobiriwira, mchira umakhala wakuda, ndipo nthenga zimakhala zofiirira. Zovala z mapiko oyera zimapanga mzere wowoneka bwino. Mitundu ya chikazi ndi mbalame imakhala yoterera, matalala a bulauni amasinthidwa ndi imvi, pamutu pake pali imvi, imvi yoyera kumapiko ndiyocheperako. Kulemera kwa yamphongo ndi 19-28 g, wamkazi ndi 17-25 g. Kutalika kwa thupi (amuna ndi akazi onse) ndi 14-16 masentimita, mapiko ndi masentimita 24,5-28,5.Ulitali wamphongo ndi 8-9 cm, mchira ndi 6-7, 5 cm, tarsus 1.4-1.9 masentimita, bilu 1.1-11.4 masentimita. Mapiko autali a akazi 8-9 masentimita, mchira 6-7 masentimita, tarsus 1.3-2 cm, mulomo 1.1-- 1,3 cm
Mawu a Finch ndi phokoso lalikulu kwambiri, amuna amayamba kuimba masiku angapo atafika kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pamatope, komanso nyengo ikasintha, munthu amatha kumva mawu ofuula wa "pinki" (pamenepa amatchedwa Finch ndi "rummy"). Fedyushin ndi Dolbyk (1967) amafalitsa nyimbo ya Finch ngati "ryu-ryu".
Chaffinch ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kutchire. Pamakhala nkhalango zosiyanasiyana. Imakonda malo obzala akale a birch, nkhalango zowirira, chisakanizo (pine-oak, spruce-oak-Hornbeam), komanso nkhalango zowirira ndi nkhalango zowuma za pine. Pewani ogontha, okhala ndi masamba otsekeka. Amakhala mofunitsitsa m'masamba, m'minda, m'mapaki a nkhalango, m'mabwalo, pamabampu, amalowera ngakhale pakatikati pamizinda ikuluikulu.
Mu kasupe amafika pakatikati - theka lachiwiri la Marichi, kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi kumapitiliza theka loyamba la Epulo. Kutengera mtundu wa masika, masiku obwera komanso kuuluka kwawo amasiyana masabata atatu. Mkati mwa msimu umodzi wokha, kubwera kwa mitengo kumakulitsidwa kwambiri (mpaka milungu itatu). Nthawi yakusamuka kwa nthawi yophukira imasiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi masika chifukwa cha kutengapo gawo kwa achinyamata. Chiwerengero chokhazikika chokwera mitengo yosamukasamuka ndi ma kilomita 74 patsiku. Kuthamanga kwa kumasulira kosinthika kwa Finch kuchokera kumwera-kumadzulo kupita kumpoto-kummawa kwa Belarus ndi 35 km tsiku lililonse. Kuyenda kwa mbalame kumeneku kumachepera kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chipale chofewa.
Kufika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kumachedwetsedwa ndi pafupifupi masiku 3-4 pomwe amasuntha 1 ° kuchokera kumwera chakumadzulo kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Belarus, nthawi yophukira, motengera, kusamukira kwa mbalame nthawi yozizira kumayamba kale pafupi ndi chiwerengero chomwecho cha masiku.
Kuwunika kwa kulembetsa kwa ma fayilo obwera mdziko muno zaka 7 zapitazi kukuwonetsa kuti kumadera akumwera amatha kuwonekera masiku oyambilira a mvula, kubwera kwawo ndi kuwuluka kambiri kumawonedwa m'zaka za 2 ndi 3 za Marichi, komanso zaka khumi zoyambirira. Epulo afika kumpoto kwa Belarus. Ngakhale masiku obwera komanso kutha kwa mitengo kumapeto kwake munthawi imodzi, nthawi yabwino kwambiri nyengo, mitengo ikhoza kupezeka kumapeto kwa March.
Oyamba kuwuluka kupita kumalo osungira chisa ndi amphongo, akuwuluka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (anthu 10-15). Amakhala m'malo ochezera ndipo amayamba kuyimba. Kenako, patatha masiku 3-7, zazikazi zimawonekera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawuluka mosiyanasiyana ndimagulu osakanikirana. Pofika pagulu la anyamata amadzuka, mbalame zimakhala m'malo okhala zisa ndikuyamba kuyimba. Akazi amalowa nawo limodzi ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, anyani aamuna amayimba mopanda ulemu. Kuyimba kwa Chaffinch kumatha kumveka kuyambira kuyambira Julayi. Kummwera kumaima koyambirira, pakati pakatikati, kumpoto kumapeto kwa Julayi.
Mu Juni - Julayi, Finch yadzuka pamphindi 40-60. dzuwa lisanatuluke. Mkhalidwe nyengo imakhudza nthawi yakuyamba kwa ntchito ya mmawa chakumapeto: kutentha, mphepo, mpweya, kuchuluka kwa kuphimba kwa mitambo kumwamba, kunkhalango - kuchuluka kwa mlengalenga.
Pamasiku odziwika ndi kuphimba kwamtambo ndi kuthamanga kwa mphepo, kuyambika kwa ntchito yam'mawa kumasuntha ndi maola 0.5-1.0 kapena kuposa poyerekeza ndi masiku opanda dzuwa komanso opanda mphepo. M'mwezi wa June, mitengo yamapulogalamu imayamba kuyimba maola atatu ndi mphindi 40. - 4 maola 00 mphindi Nyimbo imakhala pafupifupi masekondi atatu, ndiye kuti mumapumira masekondi 7-10, ndikutsatira nyimbo yotsatira. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kuyimba kumadulidwa kuti kudyetsedwe, komwe kumakhalako mpaka 7-10, nthawi zina mpaka mphindi 20.
Ntchito yayikulu idadziwika m'mawa (maola 6 mpaka 10), pomwe kuchuluka kwa nyimbo kumasiyana kuchokera pa 70 mpaka 110 pa ola limodzi. Kenako amachepetsa pang'ono, ndipo madzulo (maola 17 - 17) amakula. Mu theka loyamba la mwezi wa June, mitengo yamapulogalamu imasiya kuyimba nthawi ya 10 p.m. nyengo yotentha ndi yofunda. - maola 22 mphindi 30
Patatha masabata atatu atafika, mitengoyo imayamba kubereka. Mbalame zimayamba kumanga zisa mchaka chachitatu cha Epulo. Ntchito yomanga chisa imatha masiku 11 mpaka 13. Onsewa amatenga nawo mbali. Zingwe zimakonzedwa pamitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (spruce, pine, larch, birch, imvi ndi wakuda, oak, elm, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, phulusa la kumapiri, Hornbeam, ndi zina), koma nthawi zambiri pa spruce, birch, paini ndi alder, m'malo angapo (makamaka kumpoto kwa republic) nthawi zambiri pa juniper. Imakhala ndi zisa pamalo okwera osiyanasiyana (1.5-12 m kapena kuposa, koma nthawi zambiri 2-4 m). Pa mitengo yowola, monga lamulo, amaziyala m'munsi mwa nthambi zammbali zomwe zimachokera ku thunthu, pa conifers - nthawi zambiri pamtunda wopingasa, patali patali.
Chisa cha Chaffinch ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotsogola komanso zaluso kwambiri za mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Belarus. Ichi ndi chopingika chopangidwa kuchokera ku zida zosiyanasiyana za chomera (makamaka kuchokera mu msipu wobiriwira, nthambi zowonda, mapesi a herbaceous zomera, zomangika ndi ma cobwebs) mu mawonekedwe a mpira wopindika wokhala ndi makhoma olimba komanso olimba. Kunja, alinso ndi makanema a khungwa la birch, makungwa a chomera chofunda, cocoon cha tizilombo, lichens, chomwe chimaphika bwino. Matayala amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a hemispherical kapena ovoid, okhala ndi mizu yopyapyala, mahatchi, ubweya, nthenga, masamba fluff. Zisa zomwe zimapezeka m'nkhalango ya spruce nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi msipu wobiriwira ndipo zimatenthedwa ndi onyamula zipatso za fulakuli. Kutalika kwa chisa ndi 4-8,5 masentimita, mainchesi ndi 7.5-12 cm, kuya kwa thireyi ndi 3-5 masentimita, mainchesi ndi 3-6 cm. Kapangidwe ka chisa kumatenga masiku 11-12, mbalame zonse zimamanga, koma chachikazi ndi chokulirapo, chachimuna chimangobweretsa nyumbayo zofunikira.
Mu clutch wathunthu 4-7, nthawi zambiri mazira 5 obiriwira obiriwira kapena obiriwira obiriwira, ophimbidwa ndi mawanga ochepa-ofiira, ma curls, madontho. Mphepete zawo ndizopepuka, zowoneka bwino. Pamapeto pake pa dzira, kuwona nthawi zina kumakhala kolala. Kukula kwa dzira 2 g, kutalika 17-22 mm, mainchesi 14-15.4 mm.
Monga lamulo, mbalame imayamba kuyikira mazira masiku khumi oyambirira a Meyi. Pali ana awiri mchaka. Mikwingwirima yachiwiri imapezeka mu theka lachiwiri la Juni. Yaikazi imatenga dzira limodzi patsiku, imadzilimbitsa kwa masiku 12 mpaka 13, yamphongo nthawi zambiri imanyamula chakudya chake. Anapiwe oswedwa amalandila chakudya kwa makolo onse awiri ndikusiya chisa ali ndi zaka 13. Chiwerengero chofika mbalame zachikulire ndi chakudya kupita ku chisa chimasiyana kuchokera pa 140 mpaka 210 patsiku, kutengera zaka zapakati pa anapiyewo (masiku 3-4 kapena masiku 6-8), nyengo yanyumba ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zam'madzi zodyeramo chakudya.
Pafupifupi masiku 6 - 6, mbalame zachikulire zimapitilira kudyetsa ana, kenako mbalame zazing'ono zimayamba kuyenda uku ndi uku ndikusaka chakudya m'nkhalango, pomwe zina zimakhala kwa malo owerengeka, komwe ndi malo osungira, kumene
Pokhudzana ndi kupanga nesting, kusungunula kwa mbalame kumayambira mu Julayi ndikupitilira mu Seputembala.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi, ana amaphatikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, mu Seputembeta magulu a mbalame zambiri, nthawi zina mbalame mazana angapo, amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Makamaka a nomadic amapezekanso m'malo opezeka (minda, ma deposits, clearings).
Chaffinch ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri pakati pa mbalame zodutsa m'nkhalango, mapiri komanso mulitali wazakudya zomwe zimatsimikizira malo ake opezeka eurytopia ndi malo ake opezekanso m'malo opezeka zinthu zachilengedwe. Mpaka pano, malinga ndi kafukufuku m'magawo osiyanasiyana, mitundu yoposa 60 ya mbewu ndi mitundu 15 ya ma invertebrates yalembedwa pazakudya zamitengo. Pali mtundu wamtundu wina wosatetezeka poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yabwino kwambiri, yowonjezereka nthawi yakudzala.
Pazakudya zabwino, kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo kumadziwika. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira ndi mbalame yokongola, mbewu za zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zimapanga maziko azakudya panthawi imeneyi. Chapakatikati, tizilombo, komanso masamba a birch ndi msondodzi, amawonjezedwa pachakudya ichi. M'chilimwe, tizilombo ndi akangaude amatchuka pakudya, kuchuluka kwa ma invertebrates mukudyetsa anapiye ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Zinthu zomwe zatoleredwa kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2015 ku Stolbtsovsky, Dzerzhinsky ndi Volozhinsky zigawo za Minsk, m'boma la Kamenets m'chigawo cha Brest. (NP "Belovezhskaya Pushcha"), komanso zigawo za Rogachev ndi Novogrudok za zigawo za Gomel ndi Grodno, adawonetsa kuti, kwakukulu, mosiyana ndi zigawo zina, ku Belarus, Finch mu pre-nesting yodziwika ndi kudyedwa kwa zakudya ndi nyama ndi chodziwikiratu ukulu wa womaliza.
Hafu yoyamba ya nyengo yokonzekera chisanadze (zaka khumi zomaliza za Marichi - pakati pa Epulo), zomwe zimachitika nthawi yosamukira, nthawi yokhala ndi ma invertebrates komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kuchokera pa thaws kofunda mpaka nyengo yozizira bwino, ndi theka lachiwiri la nthawi isanakwane nesting (kumapeto kwa Epulo), yodziwika ndikuwonjezeka kotsatizana. kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo, kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito zonse za ma invertebrates.
M'mimba 22 zamapazi zophedwa nthawi yoyipa, zinthu 353 zam'thupi zimadziwika. Mimba zochulukazo zinali ndi ma gastrolites. Kupenda zomwe zili m'mimba mwa mitengo kumawonetsa kusiyanitsa kochepa kwa mitundu yazomera zonse ndi nyama. Chomera chomera choyimiridwa ndi njere ndi zinthu zina zomera, kuphatikiza inflorescence, popanda kutsogoleredwa ndi magulu aliwonse, sichidaposa 17% mu zakudya zamatenthedwe, ndipo kupezeka kwake kunali theka chabe la kuchuluka kwamatumbo omwe adawunikiridwa. Chakudya cha nyama, mmalo mwake, chimapezeka m'mimba iliyonse ndikufufuzidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri milanduyi imayimiriridwa ndi arthropods komanso oposa 60% ndi tizilombo. Mamilioni ndi ma arachnids amakumana mosangalala.
Pakati pa tizilombo, kachilomboka kanapambana (85% ya chiwerengero chonse cha tizilombo), ndipo mwa iwo magulu osiyanasiyana azida. Hymenoptera ndi Lepidoptera nawonso anakumana. Ponseponse, zovala zambiri, zomwe okhawo omwe amadya mbewu amadziwika, zimapangira 41.07% ya anthu odziwika azakudya, ndipo kupezeka kwawo kudaposa 90%. Kuphatikiza apo, zam'mimba zitatu zam'mimba 22 zimayimiriridwa ndi ma weevils okha (kachilomboka kakang'ono kofanana ndi toyesa 8.7), 7 ina - mwa 50% kapena kupitilira apo panali zidutswa za gulu la kachilomboka (okhala ndi zitsanzo za 10,43). Mwinanso, kugwiritsa ntchito zodulira, komanso zakudya za nyama yonse, m'miyamba zimayambira nthawi yomweyo zikafika. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu yambiri yazovala zolembedwa m'gawo la Belarus sizimafika pachimake pachaka.
Zovala zinalinso gulu lodziwika bwino lazakudya pazakudya za anapiye abwino ku Polesie.
Chakudya cha nyama chinkadyedwa nthawi yonse isanakhazikitsidwe, chimachitika m'mimba iliyonse yophunzirira, kwinaku ndikusunga zomwezo zofanana. Chakudya chachikulu cha Finch ndi tizilombo, ndipo pakati paotsirizira - mitundu yambiri. Chakudya chobzala sichofunikira kwenikweni pakudya kwa mitundu yazaka zophatikizidwa ku Belarus.
Kutalika kwakazungulira kumatchulidwa kwambiri mu theka lachiwiri la Seputembala - theka loyamba la Okutobala. Panthawi yophukira yophukira, mitengo yam'madzi imawuluka kutsogolo, ikuwuluka m'nkhalango komanso m'malo momasuka. Mbalame zimawuluka mu magulu a mbalame 10-30, osowa kwambiri (kuchokera 200-300). Ziweto nthawi ndi nthawi zimayimitsidwa kuti zizipeza chakudya ndikupuma m'minda yamasamba, zipatso, minda, nyumba zanyengo yotentha. Nthawi zambiri mu khumi zapitazi za Okutobala, funde lomaliza limawonedwa.
Mu zaka zambiri, aliyense payekha nthawi yozizira (Brest, nyumba zanyengo zam'chilimwe). Zima nyengo yozizira zimawonedwa ku Belovezhskaya Pushcha, m'magawo angapo a Belarus.
Kuchuluka kwamafuta kwakhazikika ku Belarus m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi ndipo akuti akuyerekeza pafupifupi 7.5-8,5 miliyoni awiriawiri.
Akuluakulu omwe adalembetsedwa ku Europe ndi zaka 16 miyezi 4.
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