Saker Falcon. Malinga ndi mphukira ndi kulemera, zili pakati pa peregrine falcon ndi gyrfalcon: kulemera ndi magalamu 800-1100, kutalika ndi masentimita 42-60, mapiko a mapiko ndi 105-130 cm. Zoweta kumwera kwa Europe ndi Asia. M'dziko lathu, masanjidwewa akukhudza kumwera kwa gawo la ku Europe, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, kumwera kwa Western ndi Central Siberia, Altai ndi Transbaikalia. Komabe, palibe gawo lokhazikika la gawo lalikululi. Spoiler amakumana pafupipafupi. Maonekedwe, amafanana kwambiri ndi peregrine falcon. Nthawi zambiri amakhala kumalire akum'mwera kwa nkhalango komanso nkhalango. Imakonza zisa zosavuta pakati pa mapiri otsika, kusankha malo amiyala, magombe amtsinje, monga abale ake, wofesayo samadzivutitsa ndi zomangamanga, koma amangokhala zisa zakunja. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira anayi, koma palinso zipolopolo za 2 ndi 6. Dzira zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, utoto wa ocher wokhala ndi mawanga bulauni kapena ofiira. Mazira a peregrine falcon ndi gyrfalcon ali ofanana mtundu, komwe ma brownish, ofiira, amaso ophatikizika amaphatikizika. Poyerekeza ndi maziko, magawo amdima osakhazikika ndimitundu ingapo. Wamkazi wamkazi amasaka mazira masiku 28-30. Wamphongo wayang'anira. Ndiye amadyetsa chibwenzi chake, ndipo kenako amamuthandiza kudyetsa abodza onyenga, omwe samadandaula chifukwa chakudya. Ndi chakudya chabwino, amakula ndi kudumpha, ndipo pofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka amachoka kunyumba ya abambo awo.

Kodi ndife olemera mwasungidwe zachilengedwe za wowononga? Pafupifupi chisa chopitilira 1000 pachidacho. Malo otetezedwa a Oksky ali ndi gulu la Saker Falcons: sayansi yakufalitsa mitunduyi idaphunziridwa, kuswana kwakhala kukudziwa. Mu 1984, ana adabadwa ndikulera - ma lix 10.

Kodi abodza amakhala nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe amabala ana awo ndikudyetsa? Mwa mabodza athu, ma gyrfalcons amakhala osagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuzizira komanso nyengo yoipa. Zina mwa izo zimadzakhala pamalo omwe zimabadwira, koma mbalame zina zimasamukira kumwera. Ndege zazitali komanso maulendo okwera ndege sizipangidwa ndi ma gyrfalcons. Nanga bwanji phokoso la peregrine falcon? Wowerengayo akukumbukira kuti mbalameyi ili pafupifupi chilengedwe chonse. Maulendo ake amadalira malo omwe amakhala. Athu a kumpoto kwa peregrine, atalera ana, amapita kukazizira kumwera kwa dzikolo (kumene, ndi ana). Ma peregrine falcons, olembetsedwa kumwera, amakhala moyo wongokhala. Koma pofunafuna chakudya kapena motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za anthropogenic, atha kupanga maulendo osamukira patali komanso kutalika.

Nyengo ya Saker Falcon ku East Africa, Middle East ndi South Asia.

Desert Falcon, kapena Shahin

Desert falcon, kapena shahin. Amagawidwa kuchokera kumpoto kwa Africa kummawa kupita kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa PRC komanso kumadzulo kwa MPR, ku USSR - ku Central Asia, komwe sikusowa kwambiri awiriawiri kapena mafoni. Chiwerengero chonse cha mbalamezi mdziko lathu si choposa 50.

Shahin

Falco pelegrinoides (Temminck, 1829)

• Falco peregrinus babylonicus Sclater, 1861
• Falco pelegrinoides tscherniaievi Severtzov, 1873
• Falco pelegrinoides gobicus Stegmann, 1934

Shahin, kapena mutu wofiira wa peregrine falcon , chipululu (lat. Falco pelegrinoides) - mtundu wa mbalame zomwe zimadya nyama zamtundu wabodza.

Kufotokozera

M'mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe ake amafanana ndi pereconine falcon, koma ocheperako pang'ono, kumtunda ndi opepuka, pansi ndikubowoleka ndi mawonekedwe osakhwima pang'ono, pali mawanga ofiira owoneka bwino kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu. Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 33-39. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Kutalika kwa mapiko amuna ndi 274-302, akazi ndi 315- 332 mm. Kulemera kwachimuna kumayambira 330 g, chachikazi chimakhala pafupifupi 500 g (kulemera kwakukulu kotsimikizika ndi 750 g). Mapiko ali ndi masentimita 76-98. Kumbuyo kwa akuluakulu kumakhala kutuwa kofiyira ndi nthenga zowonekera kwambiri za nthenga za malaya, pansi kumakhala kofiyira komanso kutukuka pang'ono kwa motini. Ang'ono kuchokera pamwambapa okhala ndi mutu wofiira kapena wocheperapo, wokhala ndi nthenga zofiira kwambiri, kuchokera m'munsi amakhala owoneka ofiira okhala ndi zotupa zofiirira zokhala ndi mbali zosadukiza za bulauni.

Kugawa

Kugawidwa mzipululu ndi malo owuma (mpaka 1500 m) ku North Africa, Middle East, Arinsan Peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India (Kashmir), Central Asia, m'mapiri ndi kumapeto kwa kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan kuchokera ku Talas Alatau kupita ku Tarbagatai kapena ngakhale Southern Altai. Mwina mumakhala pamwamba ku Kyzylkum, gombe lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Aral ndi Ustyurt Chinki. Pa kusamukira ndi kuzizira kumachitika mochulukirapo, kusokera ku zigwa za mitsinje ndi malo okhala anthu kumapiri.

FALCON WOYIMA

Mayina osiyanasiyana a mbalameyi amapanga malongosoledwe athunthu. Dzinali limatchedwa "shahin" potanthauza mbiri yamakoko, "mutu wofiyira" - limafotokoza utoto, koma "osiyidwa", amatanthauzira malo.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti mtundu wamtunduwu wa falcon sunatchulidwe kumutu-kumanja: pali mitundu pakati pa falcons yomwe imatha kudzitama mutu owala wowala, mwachitsanzo, falcon ya Mediterranean. Zovala zamkati zokongoletsera zimafanana ndi ulemu wa mawonekedwe ake osunthika - palibe chowala: zowoneka bwino, zonunkhira zonunkhira komanso mawonekedwe opepuka a brownish (nthawi zambiri pakati pa masamba ndi mapewa), nthenga pamphumi, korona, khosi, ofiira, komanso mithunzi yosinthika. Mu mtundu wofiyira womwewo, nthenga zapamwamba zimasanjidwa ndipo zotsika zimapakidwa utoto. Kuphatikizika kwamitundu yambiri kumawonekera mwa mbalame zazing'ono zokha, zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi mchira wolimba wokhala ndi pachimake pachimake komanso kumaso kwamizere yayitali pamimba. Mbalame zachikulire ndi achinyamata ali ndi zotchedwa masharubu, koma ndiocheperako pakati pa mbalame zazing'ono.

DESERT FALCON

Inde, shahin amakonda malo okhala m'chipululu ku Central ndi Central Asia. Zoweta ku Turkmenistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India ndi North Africa. Zingwe zimakhazikitsidwa pamiyala yamiyala kapena m'miyala yamadongo yamapiri, nthawi zonse m'malo osafikika. Kuyambira pafupifupi mwezi wa Ogasiti mpaka pa Marichi, mbalame zimangokhala kumapeto, komwe nthawi yotentha zimangoyendetsa ndege zokha.

Kusintha KWA MABWINO

Masewera achikondi ndi matingwe zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa Meyi wamkazi Shahin ali wokonzeka kuyamba kugona. Kumenyedwa kumayamba ndi dzira lachiwiri, ndipo paliponse pali atatu. Monga lamulo, pali anapiye awiri mu ana, ocheperapo kamodzi ndipo, mwapadera, atatu. Pofika pakati pa Juni, anapiyewo amayamba kumera, mwezi ukatha amaphunzira kuuluka, ndipo pofika pakati pa Ogasiti amadzilamulira okha. Makolo amasamalira ana awo okalamba kwanthawi yayitali, kuwaphunzitsa nzeru za kusaka, ndipo, pomwe achinyamatawo atawasiya, amakhalabe limodzi - oyang'anira matumba amapitilira awiriawiri chaka chonse. Ngati mbawala zazing'ono sizigwira nyama zolusa kwambiri - ndipo iyi ndi kadzidzi, khungubwi, chiwombankhanga chagolide, ndiye kuti ikubwera kumene.

DZITSANI

Njira yosaka nyama, komanso mitundu ina ya mbalame zodya nyama, zimatchedwa kubetcha. Imakhala mumiyendo yolowera pansi pa wozunzidwa kuchokera kumtunda waukulu. Pakadali pano, kuthamanga kwa falcon kungadutse 90 m / s!

Zikuwonekeratu kuti, kugwa kwa wozunzidwayo mwachangu chotere, falcon sayenera kuyanjana nayo, kuti isasokonekere. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri kulemera kwa nyama kumakhala pafupi ndi kulemera kwa falcon yomwe ikuwukireni, ndipo nthawi zina imachulukanso (komabe, zotumphukira sizinyansa komanso mbalame zazing'ono). Zoyambanso sizingamgwire wogwirira ndi miyendo yake: ndikuthekanso, kuwononga mawoko, ndipo chachiwiri, kulephera kuthawa. Kodi falcon imatani? Amenya mbalameyo ndi zibwano za zala zakumbuyo, mosachedwa, koma kuthamanga kotero izi ndizokwanira kuti wovulalayo avulazidwe kwambiri kapena angogwera kugwa kosalamulirika. Pambuyo pa kuukira, falcon imachepetsa, kutembenuka ndikotola nyama ina mlengalenga pa ntchentche, muzovuta kwambiri, ndikokwanira kuti yagwa kale pansi.

Predator LUNCH

Zingwe zopindika za falcon zimaloleza kuti zigwirizane ndi nyama kuti zibweretse kumalo kopanda komwe mungadyeko mosamala. Nthawi zina wokhala ndi wocheperako, wogwidwa mumlengalenga, falcon imawongolera pomwe imuluka. Ndi uti mwa mbalame zomwe zimadya nyama yolusa? Munthawi ya nesting, awa ndi chamomile, odya njuchi, hazel grouse, njiwa imvi, jackdaws, larksted, lows-white belled ngakhale mpheta. Nthawi yonseyi, zakudya za masinini zimaphatikizapo masangweji oyera-oyera, ma shrptos, azungu, malungu amtundu, otenthetsa, oyera, okhala ndi mapiko oyera ndi magombe akumunda. Pakhalapo zochitika pamene zotumphukira, zikuuluka kupita kokasaka usiku, kuwukira mileme, koma sikuti ndichikhalidwe wamba.

CHISONI CHABWINO

• Gulu: mbalame.
• Dongosolo: Falconiformes.
• Banja: Falcon.
• Mtundu: zabodza.
• Mtundu: shahin.
• Dzina lachi Latin: Falco pelegrinoides.
• Kukula: kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 33 cm mpaka 39 cm (zazikazi ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna), mapiko a mapapo -76-98 cm.
• Kulemera: wamwamuna - 330 g, akazi - pafupifupi 500 g.
• Kupaka utoto: pamwambapa, nthenga zofiirira za malaya, ofiira pansi.
• Kutalika kwa moyo wa shahin: zaka 15-17.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Ziwawa shahin pamiyala, kumakhala moyo wongokhala. Mitundu yamitundu yamitundu imapezekanso muzakudya zake: nkhwangwa, masitovu, hazel grouse, madera ena m'chipululu ndi ena. Nthawi zambiri amasaka m'malo otseguka. Ecology, nesting biology, ndi machitidwe a chipululu chazungu ndizofanana ndi zabodza za peregrine. Amakhalanso akugwira mlengalenga, nthawi zambiri kuthamanga kwambiri.