Mabotolo apulasitiki amadzi amakhala zaka zosachepera 1000 pazitaya. Zakuti theka la mabotolo onse apulasitiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, kuwononga chilengedwe ndi zinyalala, amalankhula kale zavuto lalikulu la dziko lapansi.
Katswiri wopanga zinthu ku Iceland, Ari Jonsson, adaganiza zofunsira yankho lake mwa kupanga botolo lamadzi lowerengeka kuchokera kumtchire, alemba Facepla.net potengera Icelanddesign.
"Ndikuwona kuti pakufunika kupeza njira zothandizira pulasitiki yodabwitsayi yomwe timapanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuitaya tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa chiyani timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimatenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti zizimwera kumwa kamodzi kokha komanso Mutaye? "
Njira yake yothetsera vuto la kuipitsidwa ndi pulasitiki ndi agar, chinthu chochokera ku algae. Amutchuleni kuti adayamba cha m'ma 1650s, pomwe mwini hotelo ku Japan adaponya msuzi wina ndikuwona kuti udasandulika gel osakaniza usiku. Zinthu zomwe adalowa mu labotic microbiological kumapeto kwa 1800s ndipo zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kupatula mamolekyulu.
Kuti apange botolo lamtchire, Jonsson anasakaniza mafuta agar ndi madzi. Zotsatira zosakanikirazi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika, onunkhira ngati mkaka, omwe adawotchera asanawathira mafoloko. Chikumbacho chinazungulira mkati mwa chidebe chamadzi oundana mpaka osakaniza agar atapanga mawonekedwe a botolo. Mphindi zowonjezera zowerengeka, botolo linali lokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito.
Botolo la algae limasungirako mawonekedwe akewo mpaka wopanda kanthu, kenako limayamba kugwa. Zonsezi ndizopangira pulasitiki, ndipo Jonsson akuti mungadye botolo pambuyo pake ngati mukufuna kukoma. Agar nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndiwo zamasamba kapena vegan m'malo a gelatin a mchere, ndipo ndi zinthu zoteteza chilengedwe komanso anthu.
Ku Ukraine, Uber Kudya azipezeka. Kodi ntchito iyi ndi iti?
Uber ku Ukraine yalengeza kuti iyambitsa msonkhano wa Uber Eats m'mizinda ingapo mdziko lonse lapansi kuti ipereke chakudya kuchokera kumakampani omwe adalumikiza nawo. Masiku ano, ntchitozi zikugwira ntchito m'mizinda yambiri ya EU, Asia, North ndi South America. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
Makampani awumba ndalama madola 92 miliyoni pakupanga mathirakiti osakonzekera Nuro
Akatswiri awiri opanga Google wakale adayambitsa kuyambitsa Nuro, galimoto yopanda dongosolo kuti ipereke katundu. M'malo kukonza galimoto yofanana ndi Ford Focus van yomwe ilipo, iwo adapanga galimoto yomwe ili yocheperako kawiri kuposa magalimoto oyenda wamba pama paramu ake. Ntchito yake.
Pulatifomu yoyamba ya AI yopulumutsa imakhala ku USA
ExcelMedical yakhazikitsa dongosolo lapadera la Wave Clinical Platform lopangidwa kuti liziwunika momwe odwala aku chipatala amagwirira ntchito. Chachilendo chake ndikuti amalosera za kuwonongeka muumoyo wa anthu ndipo amachenjeza madokotala za izi. Mwachitsanzo, AI ikhoza kudziwa kuwonongeka kwamtima kwakubwera pang'ono.
Koma lero, algae ndiwopitilira khothi la sushi - imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga zinthu zambiri, monga zakudya zowonjezera, utoto wachilengedwe, utoto wopanda nsalu, ma pulasitiki osakanizika, komanso ma biofuel.
Israel yakulitsa kwambiri kumvetsetsa kwake komanso kupezeka kwa malonda am'nyanja zam'madzi, kutsogolera kafukufuku, kuphatikizapo kukonza matekinoloje opangira ululu.
Zoneneratu padziko lonse lapansi zikuyembekeza kukweza kwachuma pachuma chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zatsopano komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Malinga ndi Zofufuza ndi misika , mtengo wamsika wapadziko lonse wazinthu zamchere mu 2017 udafika $ 3.4 biliyoni, ndipo zikuyembekezeka kuti pofika 2025 ifika $ 5.6-6.09 biliyoni.
Kulosera kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makasitomala azidziwitso zamaubwino azinthu zachilengedwe za algae ndi zatsopano zomwe zimapangidwanso pakupanga mphamvu kuchokera ku algae.
Algatech, kampani yayikulu kwambiri yamtundu wa Israel yomwe imagulitsa ma microalgae ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, yangogulitsa $ 100 miliyoni.
Msika ukuyembekezeka kuwirikiza
Kubzala algae ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa safuna malo ambiri. Algae ndizosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo zimatha kudalidwa mwatsopano, brackish ndi madzi amchere. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi zinyalala monga thunthu, nthambi ndi nthambi, mitengo ya algae imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zawo zonse pazomaliza popanda kusiya zinyalala zaulimi.
Pali zinthu zambiri zatsopano zopangidwa ndi algae pamsika: zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zida zodzikongoletsera, ma microscopic pigments ndi zakudya, komanso zowonjezera pazakudya monga astaxanthin ndi beta-carotene (ogulitsidwa kwa madola zikwi pa kilogalamu) ndi omega-3. 6 mafuta acids.
Makampani opitilira 10 ku Israel amagwiritsa ntchito mwala womwe umakula, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito anthu pafupifupi 200. Atatu odziwika kwambiri awa ndi zotsatira mwachindunji zakutsatsa kwa chidziwitso chopangidwa ku Ben-Gurion University ndi Weizmann Institute of Science.
Mtundu wobiriwira
Makampani opanga mafashoni, omwe ndi omwe amakulitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azaumoyo komanso zachilengedwe m'dongosolo la zovala.
Mafashoni achangu akhudza chilengedwe, ogwira ntchito komanso zachuma. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi matani 27 miliyoni a thonje amalimidwa pachaka padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuimira 2.5% ya malo olimidwa ndi 13% ya ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi.
Kumbali ina, algae safuna nthaka yolima kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo atha kuchepetsa kwambiri kupanga zinyalala mu malonda. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zatsopano zogulitsa mafashoni zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku algae.
Situdiyo yaukadaulo yama mita awiri ku Germany imagwiritsa ntchito thonje ndi algae. Chofunika kwambiri, EU ikuthandizira ntchito ya SEACOLORES, yomwe imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje achilengedwe.
Mtengo wopanga wa ulusi ndi utotowu ukadali wokwera poyerekeza ndi njira zina. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo ndi kufunikira kowonjezereka cholinga chake kuti achepetse malire pazaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
Mphamvu zobiriwira zochokera kunyanja
Kufunika kosintha kuchokera ku zinthu zamafuta zakuthambo kupita kuzinthu zamagetsi zomwe zikukonzanso kwayamba kukhala kofunikira. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamsika womwe udasindikizidwa chaka chatha, chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri zomwe zikubwera ndikukula kwa algae popanga mafuta a mabulosi, cholowa m'malo mwa mafuta.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kufunika kwa algae biomass, chinthu chofunikira pakupanga mafuta a biofuel, podziwitsa anthu mpweya wochotsa kutentha. Mipata yamisika yamnyanja ikuyembekezeka kukula padziko lonse lapansi.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi Leo Carten, wophunzira yemwe waphunzira ku Yunivesite ya Tel Aviv, mogwirizana ndi mabungwe ena, adaphunzira bii-ethanol yopangidwa ndi algae.
Korzen anakula pafupi ndi famu yotsatsa yamgombe pagombe la Israel.
Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwa zinthu ziwirizi kudapangitsa kukula kwa algae ndi madzi oyera, osadetsedwa - - kupambana kwa chilengedwe cham'madzi komanso gawo lamphamvu.
Algae m'malo pulasitiki
Zinyalala za pulasitiki ndichimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimadziunjikira munyanja komanso munyanja ndikuwononga moyo wam'madzi. Zomera zimagawika tizinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri tomwe timatchedwa microplastics, kamene nthawi zambiri timamezedwa ndi nyama zam'madzi motero timalowamo. Malinga ndi akatswiri, podzafika 2050 kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki munyanja kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa nsomba.
Algae imawonedwa ngati zopangira zofunikira popanga "bioplastics" - cholowa m'malo mwa ma pulasitiki - omwe amasinthasintha, otsika mtengo, olimba komanso okonda zachilengedwe. Agar pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafakitale azakudya ndi zakudya monga cholowa m'malo mwa gelatin yamasamba. Posachedwa, opanga osiyanasiyana ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito agar kupanga njira zina zapulasitiki.
Dr. Alexander Golberg ndi Pulofesa Michael Gozin ochokera ku yunivesite ya Tel Aviv adapanga ma biopolymers (macromolecule achilengedwe, omwe ndi mapangidwe omanga mapulasitiki) pogwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa zam'madzi zam'nyanja. Mwanjira imeneyi, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga ma cell tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga ma polima titha kupanga ma polima tambiri tating'onoting'ono.
"Makina opangira mapulasitiki osasinthika amafunika zinthu zofunika monga malo olimapo ndi madzi abwino. M'dziko ngati Israel, momwe magetsi amagwiritsika ntchito pulasitiki, sipadzakhala malo akulu komanso madzi okwera mtengo kuti apange biopolymers, "atero a Golberg.
"Ntchito yathu ilola maiko omwe akuvutika ndi kuperewera kwa madzi abwino, monga Israel komanso China ndi India, kuti asinthe kukhala mapulasitiki osakanikirana bwino," akuwonjezera.
Mtundu wabuluu ndi woyera
Ngakhale makampani a algae ku Israel sanachite nawo nawo malo onse olonjezawa, makampaniwa akukula.
Dr. Adi Levy, Woyang'anira Sayansi wa Israeli Society of Ecology ndi Environmental Science anati: "Njira yopangira zinthu zingapo kuchokera pazipangizo zomwezi popanga ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa biorefiture."
"Njirayi ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana a algae (monga ma pigment, antioxidant oxidation, mapuloteni, mafuta acid, chakudya, ndi zina zambiri) kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zomwe mwapeza pochulukitsa"
Zaka ziwiri zapitazo, msonkhano woyamba wa opanga zitsamba unachitikira ku Israel. Chaka chatha, makampani ndi akatswiri ena azamalonda ku Israel adalengeza zakupanga bungwe kuti liziwongolera makampaniwo.
Algatech, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1998 ku Kibbutz Ketura kumwera kwa Israel, ndi amodzi mwa mabizinesi ochepa padziko lapansi omwe amayang'anira kupanga mafakitale a microalgae. Algatech amatumiza katundu wake kwa makampani omwe ali m'maiko opitilira 35 pantchito yazakudya, zodzola komanso kupanga chakudya ndi zakumwa.
Kampaniyo imakula mwanjira imodzi m'magalasi ofanana ndi ma greenhouse, ndipo njirayi imakhala yokhazikika pazowonjezera zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwanso, kuyerekezera chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyendera dzuwa ndi madzi amtundu wachiwiri, ndipo mpweya ndi womwe umangokhala zinyalala.
"Malo owopsa komanso osasunthika a m'chipululu, kutentha kambiri chaka chonse, komanso mpweya wosadetsedwa, wopanda mpweya ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakupanga bwino alamu," atero a Algatech.
Mwezi watha, Solabia Gulu, wopanga French zachilengedwe zodzikongoletsera, mafakitale azamankhwala ndi microshile, adapeza Algatech pamtengo wokwanira $ 100 miliyoni.
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