White o-oatmeal, kapena zonotrichia (Zonotrichia leucophrys) yokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mpheta (kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 15-16, kulemera kwake 25-28 g). Mutu, chifuwa ndi mbali yakumwamba ya thupi la oatmeal awa ndi imvi, ndipo mbali yakumwambayo imakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yayitali yakuda, yopatulidwa ndi chingwe chachitali chachitali pa korona. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mikwaso yoyera pamwamba pa nsidze, yomwe idakhala ndi dzina lachi Russia. Mzere wakuda wowonda umayambira kuchokera kumaso mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa khosi. Kumbuyo ndi mapiko a zonotrichia yoyera-yakumaso ndi imvi yopepuka ndi mikwaso ya bulauni, pamapikowo ndi mikwingiri iwiri yoyera, miyendo imatha kupentedwa kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka pinki. Mlomo wa oatmeal uwu ndi waufupi, wothinitsidwa komanso wothinikizidwa pambuyo pake, wapinki wachikasu. Mitundu yamanyazi mu mtunduwu siyimafotokozedwa.
Kugawa ndi kubereka
Zagawidwa tsitsi loyera loyera kumadzulo kwa Alaska, komanso kumpoto ndi pakati pa boma la Briteni (Canada). Imakhala m'malo otseguka, zitsamba ndi mabango, nthawi zambiri nkhalango, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu shrubby tundra ndi m'miyala yam'mphepete mwa miyala yopanda. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri, osati kumtunda. Wamkazi amayala 3-7, nthawi zambiri 4-5, imvi kapena yobiriwira mazira abuluu.
Animal Reader - magazini yapaintaneti yokhudza nyama
Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya amphaka, koma ndi ochepa okha omwe amatha kudzitama.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - magazini yapaintaneti yokhudza nyama
Banja losowa silinapange mwana wawo ochepera, hamster, kwa mwana wawo. Mbiri ya ana.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - magazini yapaintaneti yokhudza nyama
Mangobey wokhala ndi mutu wofiyira (Cercocebus torquatus) kapena mangabey wofiyira wamutu kapena kolala yoyera.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - magazini yapaintaneti yokhudza nyama
Agami (dzina lachi Latin loti Agamia agami) ndi mbalame yomwe imachokera kubanja la heron. Maonedwe obisika.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - magazini yapaintaneti yokhudza nyama
Amphaka a Maine Coon. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, chilengedwe, chisamaliro ndi kukonza
https://animalreader.ru/mejn-kun-poroda-koshek-opisan ..
Mphaka yemwe sanapambane chikondi cha anthu ambiri okha, komanso chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chaudindo mu Book of Record.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Animal Reader - magazini yapaintaneti yokhudza nyama
Chimodzi mwazomera zokongola kwambiri komanso zodabwitsa pakati pa amphaka ndi Neva Masquerade. Palibe nyama zomwe zinadulidwa.
#animalreader #animals #animal #nature
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Mafuta oatmeal omwe amakhala ndi mikanda yoyera amadya zakudya zam'mera, kuphatikiza nthangala za udzu, ndi tizilombo, zomwe nthawi zina zimasakidwa kuthawa. Izi mafuta oatmeal amadya pansi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenda kapena kuthamanga, mmalo modumphira, mosiyana ndi mpheta. Zovala zazimuna zazimayi nthawi zambiri zimayimba pakakhala pamwamba pa chitsamba, tsamba lalitali, thanthwe, kapena mawaya.
Makamaka ndi Zinthu
Subtype za izi oatmeal Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii zisa ndi zodutsa anapiye kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Canada mpaka njira yaku Alaska, ndipo nthawi yoyambilira yophukira, imanyamuka nthawi yachisanu kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mexico. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri zosamukasamuka, ma buluzi okhala ndi mitu yoyera amauluka osati m'matumba, koma payekhapayekha, ngakhale amayesera kuti azikhalira limodzi patchuthi.
Beaver-zonotrichia - Imodzi mwa zovala zapamwamba kwambiri ku North America. Mitundu inayi mwa mitundu isanu yake ndiosamuka. Ku Russia, ndege zambiri zamalonda oatmeal zidalembedwa pachilumba cha Wrangel.
Moyo wa mpheta yoyera
Mbalamezi zimatha nthawi yayitali kutchire, m'nkhalango zamtchire, m'mapaki ndi m'minda. Tizilombo tosanjikizana tating'ono timene timapezeka pafupi ndi nthaka pansi, pomwepo tikufanana ndi mpheta yam'makomo, koma mitundu yanyimbo zamtunduwu zili ngati kuwala.
Amakhala pafupifupi 9 zaka. Mbalame zimadya tizilombo, zipatso ndi zipatso zomwe zimafunidwa padziko lapansi.
Kunja, zonotrichia zikufanana ndi mpheta yathu yomwe tidabadwira.
Kubwezeretsanso kwamasamba oyera-opindika
Nthawi ikakwana yoti akwati (kulimbana pakati pa amuna kuti azikondera achikazi), zonotrichia amalabadira anzawo omwe ali ndi mutu wamtundu wina. Mu sayansi, izi zimatchedwa assortative crossbreeding.
Chingwe chodutsa-chokhacho chodumphira pansi, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi matchi kapena mitengo. Mu chisa chooneka ngati chikho chomwe chapangidwa pansi, chachikazi chimayikira mazira 4-6. Kumaswa kwawo kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Udindo wamwamuna ndi kudyetsa anapiye ndi akangaude ndi akangaude. Pakatha sabata, mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kuwonetsa kuyima pawokha.
Mbalame imakhala pansi, pafupi ndi tchire kapena mitengo.
Khalidwe la misphs yosiyanasiyana ya zoyera-zokhala ndi zonotrichia
Mitundu iwiri ya ma morph imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamakhalidwe, zomwe zimayamba kuonekera kwambiri nthawi yakuswana ikayamba. Anthu “oyera” amakhala ankhanza kwambiri, amakonda kukwatirana ndi akazi ambiri, komabe amayimba nthawi zambiri. Pomwe zigawo za "bulauni" zimawonetsa monogamy, kupsa mtima komanso kusamalira kwambiri ana. Amakhulupilira kuti kusiyana kotereku pamakhalidwe oyika mabatani oyera kumawonekera chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa morphospecific komwe kumadalira zakudyazo komanso, makamaka, mawonekedwe a ubongo wawo.
Mverani mawu a zonotrichia zokhala ndi mbewa
M'mwezi wa June, nthawi yobala ikayamba, oatmeal yamphongo yoyera imakhala yamoyo komanso yosangalatsa ndipo imangoyimba nyimbo yokhayo, yomwe ili ndi mawu 12 osiyanasiyana. Anthu amabwera ndi mawu osiyanasiyana oseketsa awa. Mbalame zimayimba nyimbo yawo popanda kusiyanasiyana, kotero zimapereka chithunzithunzi champhamvu.
Udindo wa zonotrichia m'moyo wa munthu
M'madera ena, amazotrichia okhala ndi mapira oyera amagwidwa ndikugwidwa m'makola okongola, ngati mbalame zokongoletsera.
Nthawi zambiri amaphedwa chifukwa cha nyama yokoma. White-neached zazotrichia ndichizindikiro pakuwunika kwa genetics ndi genomics yamakhalidwe a mbalame.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Dongosolo la Passeriformes
Dongosolo la Vorobinobraznye limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 5000, yomwe imaposa 60% ya mbalame zonse padziko lapansi. Mwa mitundu yayikulu iyi, pali mbalame zazikulu: khwangwala wolemera kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, ndi ang'ono: kinglet wolemera magalamu 5-8 (mkuyu. 1-3).
Mkuyu. 3. kutulutsa
Mpheta zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula Antarctica ndi zilumba zina. Mutu wawo ndi wocheperako, mawonekedwe a mulomo amatha kusiyanasiyana (kutengera zomwe mbalame imadya), pamiyendo pali zala zinai zomwe zimatha ndi zibowo zakuthwa, chala choyamba chimayang'ana kumbuyo.
Mkuyu. 4. Chopereka chachikulu
Zowonjezera ndizovuta, mapiko amatha kukhala aatali komanso owonda, mwachitsanzo, kumeza kapena afupikitsa komanso onenepa (mpheta). Ubongo wa Vorobinobraznyh umakula kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri imakhala pamitengo ndi zitsamba; pali mitundu yochepa ya padziko lapansi; mitundu ina imakhala nthawi yayitali m'mlengalenga.
Ma passerformes okhala m'malo otentha nthawi zambiri amakhala mitundu yosamukira, malo otentha komanso otentha amakhala osakhalitsa kapena osakhalitsa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chithunzi cha kugonana, chomwe chimafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana kukula kwake, mawu ake ndi utoto wa amuna ndi akazi.
M'matsenga, ma jes, skate, carduelis, warblers ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala zofanana. Munthawi ya kuswana, ma passerines amapanga awiriawiri omwe amakhala m'malo ena oswana kapena chisa ndi madera (mkuyu. 6, 7).
Mkuyu. 6. Amuna ndi akazi okalamba
Mkuyu. 7. Wamphongo ndi wamwamuna wamkazi
Mpheta zimadziwika ndi kapangidwe ka zisa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kupanga, makamaka zisa za mabala, owomba nsalu ndi mitembo.
Makoko ndi akhwangwala amapanga zisa m'makona a mitengo yayitali. Nyenyezi ndi zipatso zambiri zimakhala m'mabowo, ndipo nyenyezi zimakonda kukhala m'nyumba zomwe adazipangira. Barn akumeza zisa zawo kuchokera ku dongo pansi pamadenga a nyumba (mkuyu. 8, 9).
Mkuyu. 8. Chisa cha Weaver
Mkuyu. 9. Chinyumba cham'makomo
Chiwerengero cha mazira mu clutch chikhoza kukhala chosiyana: kuchokera ku 4-6 kwa ma rook, ma jay, ndi ma handfinche mpaka 11 mpaka 13 kwa Vorobinovye yaying'ono. Makolo onsewa amalowerera mazira ndikuyang'anira anapiye, monga lamulo. Kuswa kumayambira pambuyo pokuikira mazira onse. Chingwe mu chisa cha m'badwo womwewo. Pazinthu zazing'ono, makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 11 mpaka 13 okhala ndi mitundu yayikulu - kuyambira 17 mpaka 21 tsiku limodzi.
Mkuyu. 10. Mtsinje wa thrush
Ma passeriformes ndi anapiye onenepa. Anapiye awo akuwoneka amaliseche, osathandiza. Poyamba zimadyetsedwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nyongolotsi, pambuyo pake tizilombo zazikulu ndi njere zimatha kukhala chakudya cha anapiye omwe adakula kale.
Mkuyu. 11. Kukula Mwakuchotsa Finch
Pakadutsa masiku 8-9, anapiye, ma bampu, ndi mitengo amatha kusiya chisa, koma amayamba kuwuluka patatha milungu iwiri. Pamakungubwe, anapiye amachoka chisa kwinakwake pa tsiku la 28, komabe, amayamba kuwuluka kokha tsiku la 34 mpaka 35.
Ma passerformes ang'onoang'ono amadya makamaka ndi tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, Kinglet akhoza kudya pafupifupi 4 miliyoni miliyoni a nkhalango pachaka. Passeriformes amatha kudya tizirombo, kupulumutsa mbewuzo, mbalame zina zokongola zimadyetsa njere za mbewu zobzalidwa, ndikuwononga chuma cha anthu.
Pali mbalame zodabwitsazi zomwe zimapezekamo, mwachitsanzo, akhwangwala, khwangwala, khwangwala, jay makumi anayi amatha kudya ma amphibians, makoswe okhala ngati mbewa, komanso anapiye a mazira a mbalame zina.
Malinga ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, kuchokera pa mabanja 60 mpaka 72 ali m'ndondomeko ya Vorobinobraznye. Gululi limaphatikizapo kumeza, zikhomo, ngolo, zingwe, zopindika, tinsalu, ma corvid ndi mbalame zina zambiri (mkuyu. 12, 13).
Mkuyu. 12. Kutumiza
Mkuyu. 13. Indigo oatmeal
Kodi mukudziwa ...
Nkhupakupa zimadyera pakudya palokha patsiku la 70. Amadyetsa tizilombo tambiri, ma mollus, amphibians, abuluzi ang'ono ndi makoswe. Nyama imagwidwa makamaka pansi.
Mbawala zimakonda kutetezedwa ndi anthu, koma m'malo mwake kuchuluka kwake kukutsika. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi sikuti kuwonongeka kwa zisa kapena kuthamangitsidwa ndi adani, koma kuchepa kwakachetechete kwa chakudya komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kukhetsa kwa ma swamp ndi madambo achinyontho. Dokowe wakuda amaphatikizidwa ndi buku lofiira.
Mwa a Passeriformes am'banja la Olyapkov, mbalame zimasambira bwino, kuyenda pansi, komanso kuthamanga pansi. Mitengo ya spruce ndi mitengo ya paini imatha kumanga zisa ndi kuswana nthawi yozizira, pomwe pali zochuluka za mbewu zawo za spruce ndi pine.
Mkuyu. 14. Kubowola Dipper
Ma Passeriformes ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala kangapo pachaka. Nthawi zina nsonga ziwiri zimagwirizana kwambiri mpaka pomwe zimayamba kumanga chisa chachiwiri ndikudziikira mazira asanafike anapiyewo poyambira kuti adziyimire okha pomwe anapiyewa ndi aimuna.
Gulu lalikulu ngati mawonekedwe a squadron
Gulu lokhala ngati liwiro - mbalame zambiri, kuphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 400 ya mbalame zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono. Mapiko okhala ndi mapiko okhala ngati mapiko akuuluka, amakhala moyo wawo wonse pothawa, kuyenda, mwinanso kuthamanga kwambiri ndikusambira. Chachikulu chimagawika m'magawo awiri - kwenikweni Swaps ndi Hummingbirds.
Kusenda ndi mbalame zazing'ono, zokhala ndi thupi lowonda, mutu wokutidwa, mulomo wamfupi, gawo la pakamwa ndilokulirapo. Kusenda kumadya, kukwatirana, kusonkhanitsa zakuthengo, kumwa komanso kusamba pothawa. Kunja, zimawoneka ngati ngati zameza, koma ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mapiko atali ndi a crescent. Pankhani yothamanga, kuwongolera, kumatha kukhala othamanga mpaka 160 km / h.
Dongosolo laling'ono la Hummingbird limaphatikizapo mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri, nthawi zina zolemera pafupifupi magalamu awiri okha. Tangoganizirani: ndizocheperapo katatu kuposa zomwe timakonda. Mbidzi zokulirapo kwambiri nthawi zina zimafika pakukula kwa kumeza. Mlomo wa Hummingbird ndi woonda, wautali, nthawi zina kutalika kwake kumaposa kutalika kwa thupi. Hummingbird amadya makamaka ndi timadzi tokongola ta maluwa, nthawi zina tizirombo, timadyera ntchentche.
Gulu la Mbuzi-ngati
Dongosolo lofanana ndi Mbuzi ndi gulu lalikulu la mbalame, kuphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 100. Zimagawidwa makamaka m'malo otentha komanso ozizira. Malinga ndi zizindikilo zina, Mbuzi-zofanana ndizofanana ndi kadzidzi, motero zimakhala ndi maula osasunthika, komanso maso akulu kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ndi lalifupi, lalifupi kwambiri ndi setae m'mbali mwa kamwa. Uwu ndi mtundu wa ukonde womwe umagwira kugwira nsomba usiku.
Mkuyu. 18. Monga mbuzi
Onse a Kozodoi ndi maluwa otambalala. A Kozodoi ndi mbalame zoopsa. Ndizodabwitsa kuti anapiye awo amawona ndi kuphulika, ngati mbalame ana, koma makolo awo amawadyetsa ngati anapiye.
Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti a Kozodoi omwe amakhala m'mapanga akuya, amatha kutulutsa mawu. Chosadabwitsa nkomwe kukhoza kwa Kozodoy ena kuti achepetse ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kutentha kwa thupi.
Gulu la Ankle
Order shafted kapena Ciconiiformes.
Oyimira pachikondwererochi amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi kupatula zigawo zapa polar. Ma Ciconiiformes makamaka ndi mbalame zamtundu wa thermophilic, zomwe zimafotokozera kusintha kwake kwakukulu m'malo otentha komanso madera otentha, ngakhale oimira ena a Ciconiiformes amawonekera m'chilimwe ngakhale mu tundra.
Mkuyu. 19. Zojambulajambula
Ndi nyengo yozizira, ma Ciconiiformes amasamukira kumayiko ofunda, madera omwe kuli ozizira kapena otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ciconiiformes pobereka ndi kudyetsa anapiye. Ma Ciconiiformes onse amakhala ndi miyendo yayitali, yayitali komanso yosunthika khosi, mutu yaying'ono, mulomo wokhazikika, wokhazikika nthawi zina umakulitsidwa kumapeto. Miyendo imakhala ndi mikono inayi, zala zake zimakhala zazitali.
Chophimba cha nthenga chimamasuka ndi nthenga zochepa. Mapiko ndi akulu kwambiri, mchira wambiri ndi waufupi. Kupaka maimuna ndi achikazi mosasiyanitsa ndizofanana.
Ma Ciconiiformes ndi amodzi. Zisa za Ankle pamitengo, zitsamba, pafupi ndi madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito masamba m'malo ambiri akuluakulu. Ana agulu amakonda kukonza zisa zawo panyumba za anthu. Mu clutch kuchokera 2 mpaka 6 mazira. Monga lamulo, makolo onse awiri amakondana. Nthawi yomenyera imachokera masiku 17 mpaka 32. Makatani amawoneka amaliseche, osathandiza, amafunika Kutentha ndi kudyetsa (mkuyu. 20, 21).
Mkuyu. 20. Zojambula za Nesting
Mkuyu. 21. Chakudya chansalu chakuda
Ciconiiformes amadya nsomba ndi tizilombo, koma mitundu ina imadya ma amphibians, makoswe ang'onoang'ono ngati mbewa, abuluzi, ndipo ngakhale anapiye a mbalame zina. Marabou aku Africa nthawi zambiri amadya zovalazo.
Mkuyu. 22. Kulandidwa kwa Ciconiiformes
Squad Ankle akuphatikiza mitundu pafupifupi 120 mwa mabanja 6. Odziwika kwambiri ndi mabanja a Heron ndi Stork. Banja la Heron limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 60 ya kukula kwakukulu (Great White Heron), sing'anga (Egypt Heron) ndi mbalame zazing'ono (Small Bittern, mkuyu. 23). Oimira gulu lachifumuwo ali ndi mkondo wotalika wopindika kuchokera kumbali, m'mphepete mwa mulomo wokutidwa ndi mano ang'onoang'ono.
Mkuyu. 23. Paling'ono kakang'ono
Herons nthawi zambiri amakhala achikoloni, amadya nsomba, nyemba zam'madzi, crustaceans, amphibians ndipo nthawi zina njoka zazing'ono. Amagwira nyama yawo makamaka m'madzi. Grey heron amakhala pakati komanso kumpoto kwa Europe Russia.
Mkuyu. 24. Grey Heron
Amamanga zisa pafupi ndi madzi, pamitengo, nthawi zina pamwamba pa madzi pabedi. Mu ma clutch pali mazira 4 kapena 6 obiriwira. Kubwatchera kumayamba nthawi yoyamba kuyikira dzira loyamba, chifukwa anapiye omwe ali mchisa ali amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana. The makulitsidwe nthawi yenyewe kumatenga masiku 26-27. Mikwingwirima imasungidwa amaliseche, osathandiza, koma openya. Amadzimbilira kwa masiku 7-9. M'nyengo yozizira, heron imvi imasamukira ku South West Africa. Magulu azimvi agalu amadya nsomba, nthawi zambiri amawononga nsomba zodwala, akusewera madongosolo amadziwe.
Great White Heron ndi yofala kwambiri; imapezeka kudera lakumwera kwa Europe Russia ku Caucasus, pafupi ndi madzi a Central Asia kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Siberia, Far East ndi Japan.
Mkuyu. 25. Heron Woyera Woyera Woyera
Awa ndi mbalame zosamukira, amakonza zisa pafupi ndi madzi m'malo ovuta kufikako, nthawi zina mumitengo ndi m'nkhalangozi. Mu clutch kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 mazira. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 25 mpaka 26.
Banja la Stork limaphatikizapo mitundu 17-18, izi ndi mbalame zazikulu. Mapiko a marabou aku Africa akhoza kupitirira mamita atatu. Zingwe zamawuzi zachepa, motero mbalame zazikulu sizimva chilichonse. Amapanga mawu podina ndi milomo yawo, mawuwo akumakulitsidwa ndi gawo la pakhosi.
Mkuyu. 26. African Marabou
Mbidzi zimagawidwa makamaka m'malo otentha. Zitsamba zoyera, zakuda ndi zakuda zimapezeka ku Russia. Ana onse a dokowe amakonda kukhala m'malo owuma, amakhazikika kumapiri, kumapiri. Dokowe yoyera imatha kukhala m'malo achilengedwe komanso nyumba zomangidwa ndi anthu. Mu clutch kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 mazira. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha kupitirira mwezi umodzi. Mbalame zili mchisa kwa masiku pafupifupi 55.
Detachment Rakseobraznye
Dongosolo la Rakshoobrazny likuyimiridwa makamaka ndi mbalame zowoneka bwino. Makulidwe ake ndi apakati komanso ang'ono. Paziphuphu zathu, nthumwi yaying'ono kwambiri ndiofesi wamba yolemera 30 g. Woimira wamkulu ndi roaster wolemera mpaka 200 g.
Mkuyu. 27. Kingfisher
Mkuyu. 28. Lilac-wamabele Blue Roller
Zowonjezerazo ndizowuma, zoyenerana ndi thupi. Mwa mtundu, abambo ndi akazi sizimasiyana, mlomo ndi wautali, wamphamvu, wowongoka. Miyendo imakhala ndi mphindikendo inayi, ndipo mwa ojambula ena ena amawombera atatu. Rakshoobraznye - mbalame zowopsa, sizimapanga zisa zenizeni. Timaoneka m'maenje, m'makola, m'miyala yamiyala. Matcheni adasungidwa amaliseche ndi akhungu. Dongosolo limaphatikizapo mabanja 5 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 150. Odziwika kwambiri ndi a Kingfisher, Shchurokovye ndi Sizovoronkovye.
Mkuyu. 29. Wowetcha njuchi
Chidule Cha Phunziro
Chifukwa chake, ma Passeriformes ndi mbalame zambiri zomwe zimapanga. Lamuloli limaphatikizapo makamaka mbalame zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri maonekedwe, moyo, malo okhala ndi njira zopezera chakudya. Kugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mtundu wina wa mulomo, wosaphimbidwa pansi ndi sera, miyendo yawo imakhazikika chidendene ndipo yokutidwa ndi mbale zingapo kutsogolo. Zala zinayi, zitatu zake zalunjika kutsogolo, ndi imodzi kumbuyo. Mbalame zinanso zomwe zaphunziridwa m phunziroli ndi za madongosolo a Ankle, Mbuzi-ngati Swift.
Malingaliro
- Latyushin V.V., Shapkin V.A. Biology. Nyama. Giredi 7. - M: Bustard, 2011.
- N.I. Sonin, V.B. Zakharov. Biology. Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Nyama. Giredi 8. - M: Bustard, 2009.
Maulalo owonjezeredwa pazinthu zapaintaneti
Ntchito yakunyumba
- Kumbukirani zofanana za gulu la Mbalame.
- Fotokozani mwatchutchutchu dongosolo la Sparrows. Ndi mbalame ziti zomwe zili mgulu lino?
- Ndi mbalame ziti za Ankle? Nanga ndi chiyani pamachitidwe awo ndi mawonekedwe akunja?
- Mndandanda womwe umadziwika ndi inu oyimilira a Swaps. Kodi "akatswiri" azinyama omwe ali m'gulu lino ndi ati?
- Ndi mbalame ziti zomwe zili mu Rakseobraznye? Ndi ziti zomwe mukudziwa
- Kambiranani ndi abwenzi komanso banja kufunikira kwa oimira madongosolo a Passeriformes, Ciconiiformes, Goat-like, ndi Swift-like mu chilengedwe ndi moyo wa munthu.
Ngati mukupeza cholakwika kapena cholumikizana, chonde dziwitsani - pangani zomwe mukuthandizira kuti ntchitoyo ipitirire.
Mitundu
Pakati pa karyotypes a morphs awiri amtundu, pali kusiyana pakukonzanso kwa chromosomal (kulowererapo) komwe kumakhudza yachiwiri, komanso mwina kachitatu, ma autosomes. Ma morphs oyera ndi amtundu wa kukonzanso kwa chromosome pa 2nd chromosome - 2 m / 2, pomwe anthu “abulauni” alibe zolemba izi, ndiye kuti ndi ma homozygotes 2/2 .
Mitundu ya maselo
- Zotsatira za ma nucleotide omwe asungidwa munkhokweEntrezNucleotide, GenBank, NCBI, USA: 33 937 (yofikira pa Marichi 1, 2015).
- Zotsatira za mapuloteni omwe adasungidwa mu database Msangalatsi, GenBank, NCBI, USA: 19,224 (idapezeka pa Marichi 1, 2015).
Dera loyera-loyera ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira ophunzira kwambiri a banja la oatmeal (Emberizidae) Pozindikiritsa chonyamula ma chromosome onyamula 2 m kuyesa kwa maselo kotengera polymorphism mu gene of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) ili pa chromosome yachiwiri.
Nyenyezi zokhala ndi mapangidwe oyera ndi gawo labwino pophunzira ma genetics ndi genomics ofikhalidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu yonse yamitunduyi idachitika (mu 2013), laibulale ya LHC ya genome, mamapu ake ofananirako ndi ma cytogenetic, ndikutsatiridwa ndi zolemba zake adapangidwa.