Kunja, zimatha kusiyana kwambiri mzake kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, komanso mtundu. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera yomwe sikupezeka kuthengo, monga mawonekedwe a albino kapena mtundu wosinthika wa fluorescent (nsomba zowala), zadulidwa. Kusiyana pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi sikofunikira, chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake.

Khalidwe

Ndi gulu la nkhosa komanso mafoni am'manja kwambiri, omwe amalumikizana ndi anansi mu aquarium. Khalidwe lotere ndilotalika kwambiri kwa onse omwe angafune, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupewa kugawana kwa nsomba zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono. Pangozi ndionso omwe ali ndi zipsepse zazitali - ma Barbus nthawi zambiri amaluma kapena kuwononga. Kuyanjana kwabwino kumawonedwa ndi mitundu ina yam'manja komanso yosakhala yankhanza.

Kwa zaka zambiri, nsomba izi zimasungidwa m'malo am'madzi ndipo zatha kusintha malo okhala. Sakukakamira pachakudya, amalola zakudya zodziwika bwino mosangalatsa, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wokha pazakudya zouma (chimanga, granules). Kupanganso sikulankhula zambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti pakhale malo okwanira osambira mumtsinje wamadzi. Barbs amakonda madzi ofewa, pang'ono acid ndi kuwala pang'ono.

Kuswana

Kubalana kumachitika pafupipafupi ngati maBarbus amasungidwa bwino ndipo amuna ndi akazi angapo okhwima nthawi imodzi amakhala mu aquarium. Panthawi yophukira, mazira amafalikira pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pamtunda ndipo kuyambira pomwepo amadzisiya pazida zawo. Nzeru za makolo sizinapangidwe, motero nsomba zazikulu nthawi zina zimadyanso zawo.

Zomwe mungasunge mu aquarium

• Kutentha - 19-25C.
• Acidity - 6.5-7.5 pH.
• Kuuma - 4-10 dH.

Mabatani ndi nsomba zomwe zimakonda kutuluka, chifukwa chake ziyenera kukhazikitsa fyuluta ndi chosinthira mu aquarium. Kukonzanso kwamadzi kumachitika sabata iliyonse, ndikusintha voliyumu.
Pofuna kudekha komanso chidaliro cha nsomba zomwe zimapezeka m'madzimo zidabzala nkhwawa zamasamba. Sikoyenera kuda nkhawa kuti mizu ya maluwa apansi panthaka - nsomba sizisilira dothi, koma zimatha kudzula masamba onyentchera. Zomera zosavomerezeka zamabati:

• Anubias ndi cryptocoryne.
• Vallisneria ndi echinodorus.
• Arrowsman ndi Elodea.
• Mosses

Pansi pa aquarium muli ndi dothi - mutha kutenga miyala, miyala kapena miyala ya mchenga. Zowunikira zimayikidwa kuti zizikhala zolimbitsa, chifukwa barbs ndi nsomba zomwe sizimakonda kuwala kowala. Kuti mumise khungu m'madzimo, mbewu zoyandama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kudyetsa

Mosasamala za mitundu, oyimira onse amtundu amadziwika ndi chidwi chawo, ndipo amasangalala kudya zomwe mwiniwake amapereka. Mndandanda wake ukuphatikizapo:

• Zakudya zowuma za granular za Karpov.
• Chamoyo chamtundu ndi chisanu: Chakudya cham'mwazi, daphnia, machubu.
• Zakudya zamasamba - zoperekedwa monga chakudya chowonjezera.

Ziweto zimadyetsedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa phenotypes amakonda kudya kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chakudyacho chimasiyanasiyana, ndipo kamodzi pakadutsa milungu iwiri ndi iwiri kukonza tsiku la kudya. Pambuyo pa chakudyacho, zotsalira za chakudya zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zisayambitse kuwola ndi kutulutsa zinthu zoopsa m'madzi.

Kugwirizana

Mamembala ambiri amtunduwu ndi nsomba zochezeka komanso zokalamba, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zosapatsa. Ngakhale kuti ma barbs sachita ndewu yolimbana, ngati amuna omenyera nkhondo, nthawi zina ziweto zimapeza anansi awo popanda zovuta, kuwathamangitsa kuzungulira mzindawo. Simungathe kukhala ndi nsomba zokhala ndi zipsepse zazitali, apo ayi chomaliza chitha kubudulidwa, komanso oyimira amanyazi komanso ang'ono. Anansi abwino ndi:

• Botsi ndi tetras.
• Labeo ndi Danio.
• Pecilia ndi cichlomas.
• Ma Gurams ndi malupanga - nthawi zina zovuta zimakhala zotheka.

Ngakhale kuti nsomba sizimadziwika kuti ndi nyama zamtundu wankhanza, maonekedwe a mwachangu mu dziwe lochita kupanga, ziweto zimakondwera ndikudya ndi ana. Posankha oyandikana nawo, wina ayenera kuganizira za kuphatikiza kwa barbus kumtundu kapena mtundu wina.

Ma bar

Pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi, oyimira amtunduwu barbus (Barbus kapena Puta) okhala ndi mitundu mitundu. Osachepera 15 mitundu ya barbs amakhala anthu okhala m'madzi am'madzi. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo osungirako South ndi Southeast Asia, Africa ndi Europe.

Mitundu imasiyana kukula, mitundu, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe mosakayikira zimathandizira kutchuka kwawo pakati pamadzi am'madzi. Kuphatikizanso kwina ndiko kusazindikira kwawo, amasintha msanga mikhalidwe ya mndende. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, iwo samadwala (muzovuta kwambiri, chithandizo sichimabweretsa mavuto apadera).

Chingwe chopindika (Puntius fasciatus) m'malo ake achilengedwe

Mwakhalidwe, awa ndiogwira ntchito, amasukulu nsomba. Malo aliwonse amadzimadzi momwe gulu lachi barb limawonekera nthawi yomweyo limadzaza ndi moyo ndi nyonga.

M'malo okhala m'madzi, mumatha kupeza sumatran barbus (Puntius tetrazona), m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi omwe amadziwika kuti brindle (Mpweya wanjovu).

Awa ndi masukulu owala bwino a nkhosa, ukulu wonse womwe ungayamikidwe ukasungidwa m'masukulu akulu m'mizinda yayikulu. M'masukulu ang'onoang'ono (osakwana 7-8 anthu) amakonda kuchita zankhanza ndipo amatha kuwononga zipsepse za nsomba zosachedwa.

Utoto wa thupi ndi wopepuka komanso wonyezimira. Mikwingwirima inayi yakuda imadutsa thupi, lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina lachi Latin P. tetrazona (kuyambira lat. tetra - anayi ndi zonas - Vula). Malipiro a dorsal ndi akuda ndi malire ofiira, zipsepse zotsalazo ndi zofiira. Amuna ndi owoneka bwino kuposa achikazi komanso ochepa kukula.

Mu 1967, mawonekedwe a Albino a Sumatran barbus adawonetsedwa pawonetsero ku Moscow.

Mu 1977, mtundu wosangalatsa wa Sumatran barbus - mossy barbus, kapena barbus mutant.

M'malo mwa nsomba izi, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa masinthidwe, kutalika kwa magulu akuda kunakulirakulira.

M'malo osungira ku Borneo, Singapore amakhala chimodzimodzi ndi mtundu wa Sumatran barbus - barbuschisudzo (Barbus everetti,, mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imawonetsedwa ngati mawanga ofotokozedwa bwino.

Thupi la nsomba ndi lalitali kutalika, limatha kufika masentimita 101. Mukhale ndi magulu a anthu 6 okhala ndi nsomba zofanana. Monga ma barba ambiri, amagwira ntchito ndikudumpha.

Zimapezeka m'madziwe amvula aku Southeast Asia barbus wazanjira zisanu (Barbus pentazona),, monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, lili ndi mikwingwirima isanu yakuda.

Zikuwoneka ngati shaki - mpira wamkaka (Balantiocheilus melanopterus,, yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimbitsa thupi.

Mtundu wa siliva ndi siliva, zipsepse zimayera zachikasu zokhala ndi mbali zakuda. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'mitsinje yatsopano komanso nyanja za Southeast Asia, Sumatra, Borneo ndipo amatha kukula mpaka 35. Pakadali pano, adalembedwa mu Red Book ngati mtundu wokhala pangozi. Zogulitsa zikuchokera kuulimi wa nsomba ku Thailand ndi Indonesia.

Ngakhale amafanana ndi nyama yolusa, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtendere wamtendere komanso wamanyazi. Mukasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi pamafunika malo akulu osambira. Amatha kudumphira m'madzi, chifukwa chake Aquarium ayenera kuphimbidwa. M'masamba ambiri am'madzi, amakhala pafupi ndi nsomba, zochepa kwambiri kukula.

Cherry barbus (Barbus titteya,, monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, limasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wofiirira, kukhala wolimba kwambiri panthawi yopatsirana.

Wopezeka mwachilengedwe m'mitsinje, m'mitsinje komanso m'mitsinje ku Sri Lanka. Amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 5. M'mayiko otchedwa aquariums aku Europe, zipatso zamatchuthi zinawonekera m'ma 1930s, ku Russia m'ma 1950s. Mwachilengedwe, ndimakonda nsomba zamtendere, zimagwirizana ndi anthu ena okhala m'madzimo.

Wotchedwa kulemekeza kazembe wa mzinda wa Madras (India) W. T. Denison - wowala komanso wokongola - denison barbus (Puntius denisonii,, adawonekera m'madzi azaka za kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, zomwe zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chovuta kuwerengera anthu ogwidwa, ndipo chifukwa chake, mtengo wokwera kwambiri. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imakula mpaka 15 cm, yomwe imapezeka m'mitsinje yothamanga ndi mitsinje kumwera kwa India.

Thupi la Denison barbus limakhala ndi mtundu wa siliva wagolide, chingwe chakuda chimatambalala ndi mzere wotsatira, womwe mzere wofiyira umadutsa, umasandulika mzere wowala wachikaso. Pamiyala yopanda, mizere yakuda ndi yachikaso. Ikasungidwa mu malo osungirako zinyama, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti nsomba izi zimakonda kukhala ndi madzi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino, motero pakufunika kothandizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pakapangidwe kakang'ono mu aquarium.

Ku Southeast Asia, m'mitsinje yoyera ndi mwala pansi, mwapezeka mtanda wa barbus (Barbusmangochin).

Ili ndi nsomba yayitali komanso yomata pang'ono kumbuyo. Mwachilengedwe amakula mpaka 17 cm (mu ma aquariums - mpaka 15 cm), chifukwa chake amafunika malo okumbika pansi kuchokera ku malita 150 kuti akonzedwe. Mukuwoneka, mawonekedwe ndi mikwingwirima yakuda: imodzi yayitali ndi yopingasa, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtanda. Ikasungidwa m'madzi omwe amagawana nawo, amatha kuthamangitsa nsomba zazing'ono. Ngati pali zoopsa, amayesa kukumba pansi, zomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukabzala mbewu za m'madzimo.

Barbus woboola pakati (Puntius schwanenfeldii) ndi nthumwi ina yayikulu ya barbs, yomwe ikukula mpaka 35. Amasiyana mu thupi lopangidwa ndi diamondi wokhala ndi finors yapamwamba. Mtundu wachilengedwe ndi siliva wokhala ndi tint wagolide.

Pakadali pano, mitundu ingapo yapangidwa, mwachitsanzo: golide, maalubino. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yachilengedwe imatha kusiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wamamba ndi zipsepse.

Mwachilengedwe, ma bar omwe amawoneka opanga amapezeka m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje ku Southeast Asia ndi Indonesia; amalowa m'malo omwe amapangika.

Mukamasankha aquarium kuti musunge, ayenera kuganizira kukula kwa nsomba, komanso maphunziro awo - akakhala okha, barbs imakhala yankhanza kapena, mwamanyazi. Ma cichlids akulu ndi amphaka ndi oyenera mwa oyandikana ndi gulu la ziphuphu zooneka ngati bream.

Ku India kuli nsomba yaing'ono (mpaka 5 cm) yokongola - kutentha kwa dzuwa (Barbus gelius).

M'mitsinje yosakasa, pakati pamitengo yayitali, nsomba izi zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu. Ngakhale mtundu wowoneka bwino wagolide, mtundu uwu wa barbus sunakhale wotchuka pakati pa asodzi am'madzi, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa wakhala ukugulitsidwa mwachangu mwa obereketsa achinsinsi.

Woyimira wina waku India wa barbs - barbel filamentosus (Barbus filamentosus) - nsomba yosuntha, yokonda mtendere, yophunzira kusukulu, yokhala ndi malo amdima pafupi ndi mchira.

Mu ana, magulu opingasa amawonekera, omwe amazimiririka ndi zaka.

Pachilumba cha Sri Lanka m'mitsinje yomwe ili mwachangu pali barba yomwe ili ndi khungu lakuda - barbus wakuda (Puntius nigrofasciatus).

Zojambula zake zimapangitsa nsomba izi kukhala zotchuka pakati pa asodzi am'madzi. Adatulutsidwa ku Russia mu 1954. Mukasambira, nsombayo imaphuka m'mphamvu zake zonse, ndipo gulu lankhondo lofiira loyenda mosakayikira lidzakongoletsa malo aliwonse amadzimadzi.

Ndikukhala ku China ndi Vietnam, barbus yaying'ono idapezeka ndikufotokozedwa ndi Thomas Schubert. Mtundu wachilengedwe umakhala wamtundu wobiriwira. Panthawi yosankhidwa, T. Schubert adakwanitsa kupanga mtundu wagolide wokongola, womwe udabweretsa kutchuka kwa nsomba iyi pakati pa asodzi am'madzi. Mu Russian aquariums adawonekera mu theka lachiwiri la 1950s.

Ndi mawonekedwe agolide Schubert barbus (Barbus semifasciolatus) ikupezeka m'malo am'madzi padziko lonse lapansi.

Mitsinje ikuluikulu yachangu ku Southeast Asia imakhala anthu otchedwa river barbus, shark golide, kapena Haveney Leptobarbus (Leptobarbus hoevenii ).

Ichi ndi nsomba yayikulu, mwachilengedwe imafikira 100 cm (mpaka 50 cm mu aquariums). Mukasungidwa m'madzi am'madzi, imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira, ndipo ngati pali malo okwanira kusambira, sizipanga zovuta pakukonza.

Mitundu ina ya barba: wamba, wamfupi ndi Wachibale wachipanduamapezeka ku gawo la Russia.

Koma posadzisiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe apadera, samachita chidwi ndi kukonza kwamadzi.

Nsomba za Aquarium - ma barbs osiyanasiyana assortment amaperekedwa mu malo athu osungira nyama.

Zofunikira zamadzi

Kutentha kwabwino kwa nsomba izi kukhala kotetezeka kuchokera ku madigiri 20 mpaka 25.

Aquarium imadzaza ndi madzi apampopi okhazikika. Madzi abwino ampopi sakhala oyenera chifukwa cha zinthu zina za chlorine zomwe zimatha atakhazikika m'masiku ochepa. Amadzimadzi amadzimadzi nthawi ndi nthawi amasinthidwa ndikudzazidwa ndi mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito aerator.

Zofunikira zadothi

Dothi lautoto lakuda limayikidwa pansi pa aquarium ndi barbs. Mbiri yotereyi imawonetsera bwino mitundu yowala ya nsomba, zomwe ndizosiyana ndi mtundu uliwonse. Sipayenera kukhala zomera zochulukirapo m'madzi: danga ndilofunikira pakampani yotsogola komanso yachangu yamabampu. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lokhala ndi utoto wamankhwala, ndibwino kutenga masoka (miyala, basalt, miyala) kuchokera kukula mpaka 3 mm. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta dothi tisakhale ndi m'mphepete lakuthwa kuti nsomba zisavulazidwe. Pakona ya aquarium mutha kukonza ngodya ya algae - m'malo ano, nthawi zina nsomba zimakonda kubisala.

Zomwe mungadyetse barbus

Matumba samasamala pankhani ya chakudya, nyamazo zimatha kudziwika kuti ndi zamagetsi molimba mtima. Makina awo angaphatikizidwe ndi Daphnia, ma Cyclops, opanga zitoliro, ndi maewu amwazi. Zotsirizazo zimaperekedwa ngakhale mu mawonekedwe achisanu. Pakudyetsa nsomba, zosakaniza ndi daphnia zouma zimakonzedwa, ndipo zakudya zamagetsi za fakitale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma barabino amakonda kupindula ndi msipu ndipo ngati chakudya chomera sichikwanira iwo, ndiye kuti amayamba kudya zobiriwira zam'madzi.

Mavuto a chimbudzi

Barbs nthawi zambiri amadwala kwambiri kudya - amatha kudya zambiri momwe mumaperekera. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zomwe sizikudziwa chakudya, zimayamba kunenepa ndipo zimafa. Asayansi apeza kuti kuti munthu wamba wabwinobwino azitha kudya chakudya chokwanira chomwe ndi 2-3% yakulemera kwake. Kamodzi pa sabata, "tsiku lokweza katundu" limakonzedwa kuti anthu am'madzi, ndiye kuti, samadyetsedwa konse.

Matenda a Ectoparasitic

Mabakiteriya amayankha mwachangu zinthu zakupha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi tizilombo tosavuta tosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, matenda a ectoparasitic amapezeka. Mu matendawa, bicillin-5 ufa umagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe umasungunuka m'madzi a aquarium muyezo wa magawo 500,000 pa malita 10 a madzi. Njira ya chithandizo ndi masiku 6. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito biomycin. Zochizira za 1.3 - 1.5 g ya mankhwalawa imasungunuka mu madzi a 100 tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 6 mpaka 7 kwa mwezi umodzi.

Gill zowola

Gill rot imawonedwa ngati matenda opatsirana kwambiri a barbs. Matendawa amakhudza ziwiya zamatumbo ndi mitsempha, zimapangitsa kuti zivunde ndikuwonongeka. Nsomba yodwala imakana chakudya ndipo imasunga pamwamba pa pansi pamadzi, nthawi zina imangopita pansi. Kumayambiriro komwe matendawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, rivanol ndi griseofulvin amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala amachepetsa m'malo am'madzi mwa aquarium malinga ndi malangizo.

Maonekedwe a nsomba ndi mitundu

Kukula kwakukulu kwa mabatani akuluakulu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 6-7. Thupi lasiliva lalikululi pang'ono limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Wamphongo amadziwika ndi malire ofiira owala m'mphepete mwa dorsal, caudal ndi anal fin.

Pang'onopang'ono wowoneka bwino, komanso ofiira (nthawi zina mtundu wotere ungakhale wopanda kwathunthu), zipsepse zazikazi ndizopaka utoto. Kuphatikiza apo, barbus yachikazi imakhala yayikulu kwambiri kuposa yamphongo.

Ngati tikunena za kusankha, zidalola am'madzi kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba. Mwachitsanzo, mu barbus yosinthika yomwe imapezeka motere, mtundu wa ambiri thupi umakhala wobiriwira wa emerald.

Mukapita ku malo ogulitsa nyama ndi misika m'mizinda ya Russia, mutha kupeza mitundu ya barbus zotsatirazi:

Mitundu ya nsomba

Dzinalo la Sumatran barbus (Puntius tetrazona, Barbus tetrazona) limalumikizidwa ndi malo omwe amakhala - chilengedwe cha Sumatra. Ma cyprinid ophunzirira awa amakhala ndi utoto wosaiwalika: matupi awo ndi achikasu amtundu kapena siliva, wokhala ndi zolimba zolimba zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yakuda. Ma sumatranus ang'onoang'ono, monga momwe amatchulidwira, amafika pamlingo womwe umasungidwa m'madzi amtundu wa 6.5-7 cm, amafanana ndi ana a tiger ang'ono. Pokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso zakudya zabwino, ziweto zotere zimakhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi zinayi, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina pamakhala chiwonetsero chokwera mitengo yayitali. Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwam'madzi kosungirako gulu la nsomba ndi 30 malita.

Ma barat a Sumatran ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mitundu ya thupi, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Mwa iwo, pali mitundu ya Albino ndi mutant (yobiriwira). Chosangalatsa ndichachiwiri mwa mitundu iyi: thupi la nsomba silikhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, koma limawoneka ngati loyipa komanso limakhala ndi mtundu wa green.

Kuchita zachiwerewere kumawonetsedwa mofooka, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kunena momwe mungasiyanitsire mkazi ndi wamwamuna asanafike zaka zakubadwa. Chaka chilichonse, maonekedwe amasintha kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kusiyanitsa. Amuna ndi ang'ono kukula komanso owuma malinga ndi lamulo; nthawi yophukira, mphuno zawo zimatembenuka. Yaikazi imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalikulupo ndi mimba yozungulira, yomwe nthawi ndi nthawi imadzazidwa ndi caviar.

Nkhani

Barbus ya Sumatran idalandira kufotokozera koyamba mu 1855. Linapangidwa ndi ichthyologist P. Blecker. Ndipo kenako zochitika zingapo zosangalatsa zidachitika. Mosiyana ndi zaka ziwiri pambuyo pa tsiku lowonetsedwa, wasayansi yemweyo adafotokoza za nsomba zosiyana mdzina lomweli. Ndipo pomwepo adasintha dzina la yemwe adalankhulidwako koyamba, akusokoneza kwathunthu aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi.

Zolakwika izi sizinadziwike mpaka cha 30s m'zaka za zana la 20, pomwe dzina lomwe lidalipo mpaka masiku athu lidalowetsedwa kwa anthu okhala m'madzi.

Choyamba, barba ngati nsomba za ku aquarium adawonekera ku Europe (izi zidachitika mu 1935), ndipo zaka khumi ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake adabweranso ku Russia.

Barbus wa Sumatran ndiwodzikongoletsa kwambiri pokonzekera ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Awa ndi asukulu ophunzitsira omwe amakonda kutsata miyoyo yawo mwanjira zosazolowereka, makamaka m'magulu am'madzi apakati pa aquarium. Kutentha kwamadzi koyenera kwambiri ndi iwo madigiri 23, kuphatikiza / kutsitsa madigiri imodzi kapena awiri.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ma barbs amasintha mofulumira ndikusintha chidebe china, mosasinthika ndikukhala ndi chidwi, komanso kusintha moyo wamadzi ozizira (kuchokera madigiri 16).

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala m'mizinda ya sumatranus sikufuna kuti mugule ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse zapadera, kupatula mtundu wa fyuluta ndi aerator.

Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, anthu okhala m'mizere am'madzi ali ndi chilala chaukali, akudya zakudya zonse zomwe apatsidwa: kuchokera kusakaniza kwapadera ndi chakudya chouma kuti mukhale ndi chisanu.

Pamakhazikikidwe, mababu a Sumatran ayenera kulandira zakudya zam'mera, zomwe zimathandizira kuwotchera msanga kwa zopatsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso kupezeka kwa matenda ena.

Kuchuluka kocheperako kwam'madzi komwe kumafunika kuti ukhale ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu 5-7 ndi malita 30. Zinthu zilizonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndizoyenera dothi: mchenga, miyala yoyera komanso yopaka, miyala yokongoletsera, ndi zina zambiri.

Zaumoyo

Ngakhale nsomba zamtunduwu sizikhala zopepuka, zimatha kudwala pafupipafupi. Choyambitsa chachikulu ndichisamaliro chosayenera. Mabakiteriya amakonda kudya kwambiri komanso kuwonda msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ambiri azikhala ndi vuto la metabolic.

Zomwe zimachitika pamene sumatranus imakulitsa mwayi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikuyanjana kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zophimba za gill zimatha kusiya, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la maso (opanda maso), omwe ali ndi vuto la mawonekedwe ndi zipsepse, amatha kubadwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake pakubala ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito barbs ochokera ku mizere yoswana yosiyanasiyana, osagwiritsa ntchito omwe opanga omwe amapezeka mu aquarium yawo.

Mukamakambirana zaumoyo wa Sumatran barbs, ndikofunikira kutchula matenda opatsirana, komanso omwe amayamba ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya. Kuthandizira matenda oterewa m'matumbo amenewa kulibe tanthauzo lililonse ndipo kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Kwawo

Malo achilengedwe okhala ndi ma barbs ndi maiwe a marshy aku Africa, mitsinje yotopetsa ya South, Southeast Asia. Anthu okhala pansi pamadzi amakonda kubzala m'malo abata obisika, madamu okhala ndi matope pansi ndi mbewu zomwe zimapanga malo okhala.

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa nsomba zovala za ray za banja la cyprinids a genus Fire Barbus zimapezeka pazolembedwa ndi wolemba zinyama waku Scottish geologist ndi katswiri wazamanyama Francis Hamilton, wa 1822. Barbus wa Sumatran, yemwe kwawo ndi kuzilumba za Kalimantan, Sumatra, adayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Peter Dlemer wa ku Dutch patatha zaka 30.

Kubzala nsomba kwa asodzi achi Europe akutha kuyambira 1935, barbel wafika ku Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za XX.

Ngati, ndi ma aquarium okhutira, ziweto zambiri zimafikira kutalika kwa 4-10 masentimita, ndiye pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe matupi akuluakulu a barbs amakula mpaka 30-35 masentimita. Thupi lili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba. Dimorphism imatchulidwa momveka bwino. Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amphongo, okhala ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri. Monga ma cyprinids onse, mu barbus, mano a nsagwada amasinthidwa ndi pharyngeal, ndipo chikhodzodzo chosambira chikugwirizana ndi matumbo. Mitundu yambiri, masharubu amakula pamwamba pa mlomo wapamwamba, womwe umadziwika ndi dzina lachiwiri - barbel. Chifukwa cha makina a Weberian, nsomba zimazindikira kukakamizidwa.

Ma bar amasungidwa mu gulu, amayenda mosalekeza, nthawi zambiri amakhala akuvutitsa kuti nsomba zisachedwe.

Zotsatira za kubereka, limodzi ndi "mabampu", mitundu yamtendere yambiri idapangidwa.

Mtundu wa masikelo ndi monophonic, utawaleza wokhala ndi malo osiyana, mikwingwirima. Ndi kupanga kwachilengedwe moyenera ndikukhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mitundu yaying'ono ya nsomba imakhala zaka 3-4, oimira mitundu yayikulu amakhala ndi zaka 6 mpaka 10.

Zinthu ndi malo a barbus

Kuthengo nsomba zam'madzi Mutha kukumana mosavuta m'malo osungirako South ndi East Asia, Africa ndi China. Amasonkhana m'masukulu akulu kwambiri, omwe amawathandiza kuti azitha kusaka nsomba zina m'njira yabwino kwambiri.

Matumba ali olembetsedwa kwenikweni kuuma, acidity ndi magawo ena amadzi, motero amakhala omasuka m'mitsinje ndi m'madzi ena, komanso m'midzi yam'mizinda.

Ndizotheka makamaka chifukwa cha luso lawo losinthika lomwe masiku ano limatchinga malo otchuka pakati pa obereketsa nsomba padziko lonse lapansi.

Wolemba chithunzi cha barbus zitha kutsimikizika kuti nsomba iyi siyimasiyanasiyana modabwitsa, ndipo kukula kwake kumasiyana masentimita asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Thupi ndi lathyathyathya, utoto umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu, kuchokera ku siliva wachikasu mpaka wobiriwira kapena peyalacent.

Mbali yachilendo ya mtundu wa barbus ndi mikwingwirima yamdima iwiri yoyera. Amuna ali ndi malire ofiira owala m'mphepete mwa anal, caudal ndi zipsepele za m'makoma. Mbidzi zachikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zazimuna, ndipo zipsepse zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira wowoneka bwino.

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Pama barbs ang'onoang'ono, aquarium amakona anayi a 50-70 l amapezeka, pokhapokha ngati gulu silikwana anthu 7. Ngati pali ziweto zochulukirapo, kapena malo okhala m'madzimo atakongoletsedwa motere: mitengo yoyenda bwino, miyala, mbewu zazikulu, ndiye kuti mukatha kukonza mosamalitsa mufunika mphamvu zosachepera 100. Chofunikira pa chosungiracho ndi chivundikiro chomwe chimalepheretsa nsomba kuti zisatuluke.

Popeza nsomba zimapuma mpweya wosungunuka wokha m'madzi, pamafunika aerator ndi mphamvu yolingana ndi kukula kwa madzi. Kusamalira mwapang'onopang'ono kwa aquarium kumachitika ndi fyuluta yomwe imayeretsa madzi kuchokera kuzinthu zoyimitsidwa. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zoyambira, zida zake zimapanga kanyumba kakang'ono, kubweretsa kunyumba zamabati pafupi ndi zachilengedwe.

Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayatsidwa kapena mchenga wamtsinje umathiridwa pansi pa chosungira, chisamaliro chomwe chimakhala pakutsuka kwa zotsalira za organic ndi siphon. Ndikosavuta kulingalira za mtundu wowala wa ziweto kumayendedwe amtundu wakuda.

Zomera zokhala ndi masamba olimba ndi mizu yolimba zimabzalidwa kumbuyo kwa khoma lakumbuyo ndi mbali, ndikusiya malo omasuka oyendetsera mabatani moyang'anizana ndi galasi lowonera. Popeza ziweto, nyale ikayatsidwa modzidzimutsa, imawopa kuwala kowala, duckweed ndi mitundu ina yamtchire yoyandama imayikidwa pansi.

Kusamalira dziwe lanyumba kumakhala ndi kusintha kwa 20% kwa madzi osiyanitsidwa sabata iliyonse. Pokonzekera kuipitsa ndi chopukusira amatsuka makoma agalasi, kutsuka mbewu ndi zokongoletsera, ndikuyeretsa pansi.

Mitundu ya barbs

Cherry barbus Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake oyenera komanso chikhalidwe chake. Samakonda kumamatira kwa anansi, amawalandira chakudya. Oyimira zamtunduwu ndi amtendere kwambiri.

Dzina lodziwika bwino la nsomba'li lidapatsidwa mtundu wowala wamphongo, womwe umatsalira pakukutira. Mababu okhala ndi miyala ya Cherry ndi ochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, ndipo matupi awo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe.

Pachithunzichi pali barbus ya zipatso

Mwa ena mitundu ya barba kuoneka wobiriwira. Zachikazi zamtunduwu zimatha kufika pamitundu yayitali (mpaka masentimita asanu ndi anayi). Komanso zipatso zake zokhala ndi zipatso, msuzi wamtundu wobiriwira umakhala wachikhalidwe komanso wosakhala wankhanza. Ayenera kusungidwa pagulu la anthu pafupifupi asanu kapena asanu ndi atatu.

Mu chithunzichi, nsomba ya barbus yobiriwira

Barbus wakuda Masiku ano ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu okonda nsomba zam'madzi ku Russia chifukwa chakuwonekera koyamba mdziko muno mzaka zam'ma 1900. Kuponya kwa caviar mwa oimira amtunduwu kumachitika makamaka m'mawa.

Pachithunzichi pali msuzi wakuda

Shark barbus Ili ndi mtundu wautali wamtundu wachitsulo. Ngakhale ili ndi dzina lowopsa, nsomba zimalekerera zochitika zosiyanasiyana zovuta m'malo moyenda bwino. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mkati mwa masabata oyamba amoyo mwa nsomba zoterezi m'madzi am'madzi, pangani malo abwino kwambiri kwa iwo popanda magwero a nkhawa.

Mu chithunzichi pali shaki

Scarlet Barbus woyamba adapezeka ku India, ndipo adadziwika ndi dzina lake pazachilendo za utoto wake, zomwe zimawonekera mwachindunji panthawi yopanga utoto. Amadziwika ndi machitidwe oseketsa kwambiri, ndipo masewera omwe amawakonda akuphatikizira zipsepse zawo kwa anzawo omwe amakhala nawo pang'onopang'ono.

Pa chithunzichi pali barbus wofiira

Barbus wamoto amatchedwanso puntius. Pansi pazachilengedwe, nthumwi za mtunduwu zimatha kupezeka m'malo osaya osaya ndi madzi oyenda kapena ngati madzi akuyenda osasunthika.

Amuna ali ndi mtundu wa azitona wokhala ndi mbali zofiira komanso zagolide. Mosiyana ndi zotchinga zofiira, abale awo owopsa amakhala amtendere kwambiri ndipo samakonda kuzunza anzawo. Komabe, chakudya chawo ndi chabwino, ndipo amafunika chakudya chochuluka.

Pachithunzichi pali nsomba yankhanira

Mossy barbus M'malo mwake, ndimayendedwe okhala ndi thupi longa bream. Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi akazi pakakhala zazungu zazing'ono, ndipo akazi, nawonso, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe owala.

Kubzala nsomba zamtunduwu kumalimbikitsidwa kwa oyambira m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa ndiwosamala kwambiri posamalira. Makhalidwe awo ndi ochezeka, koma amafunikira malo aulere m'magawo am'madzi am'madzi, momwe amakonda kuthera nthawi.

Mu chithunzicho mossy barbus

Akhungu loyera

Bacteria matenda akuwoneka mu kuperewera utoto wa utoto. Mabatani amayandama pamtunda, ndipo pamapeto pake pali dorsal fin. Ziweto zimakana chakudya, kutaya ntchito. Kwa sedimenter, yankho la oxacillin 400 mg pa 10 l lakonzedwa, nsomba zodulidwa zimayikidwa masiku 5. Pambuyo mankhwala, barbs amabwezedwa ku disinfected general aquarium.

Aeromoniosis

Mwanjira ina, matendawa amatchedwa rubella chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mawanga ofiira m'thupi. Kukula kwa mabakiteriya Aeromonas punktata yomwe imayambitsidwa kudzera m'matumba kumapitiliza ndi kusintha kwa malo mu zilonda, kuwola kwa anal fin, komanso kuphuka. Ziweto zimakhala pansi kapena kugona pansi.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi malo osambira a maola 12 ndi synthomycin (800 mg pa lita imodzi) kapena chloramphenicol (300 mg pa lita imodzi). Magawo 50,000 a bicillin-5 pa malita 10 a madzi amawonjezeredwa ku aquarium yonse kwa sabata limodzi ndi 10% yamadzi yosintha tsiku lililonse.

Fin zowola

Kusagwirizana ndi boma la kutentha, madzi akuda, zizindikilo zina zosasamalidwa bwino, kukonza kumayambitsa kuukira kwa barbs ndi bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Zizindikiro - kusintha kwa zipsepse kukhala buluu, zotupa, maso amtambo, kuvunda, kuyambira kumapeto.

Mankhwala, mayankho a tripaflavin, watercolor, Sera bactopur amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo.

Columnariosis

Ngati mphuno idasanduka yofiyira pakatikati, zimatanthawuza bacteria Flexibacter columnaris, yemwe amakhala m'nthaka yakuda, idalowa mkamwa. Zizindikiro zofananira - m'mbali mwa mamba, zotupa za imvi zomwe zimakula mwachangu. Pa gawo lotsiriza, zipsepse zimawonongeka, ziwalo zamkati zimakhudzidwa.

Pa gawo loyambirira, njira yofooka ya manganese imawonjezeredwa ku aquarium; Pambuyo pake, phenoxyethanol, Ektol-Bak, ndi maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kufalikira

Chizindikiro chowawa monga kutuluka kwam'mimba chifukwa cha zotupa chimayambitsidwa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:

• kutupa kwam'mimba chifukwa chodyetsedwa bwino,
• mankhwala owonjezera
• ma tepi
• bacterium Vibrio straillarum.,
• kufalikira Malawi kapena African,

Ngati m'mimba mwakula chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa chakudya, chakudya chovomerezeka chokwanira chimasankhidwa, ndipo masiku osala kudya amatha. Chithandizo cha fenbendazole amachotsa kukhudzana kwa helminthic.

Vibriosis, pomwe zotupa m'mthupi zimasanduka zilonda, amathandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Furazolidone, Chloramphenicol kapena Bactrim amawonjezeka pachakudya chamasiku 6.

Ndi maluwa aku Africa, ma barbs amaphedwa, chifukwa matendawa ndi osachiritsika.

Kupewetsa kumatenda kumaphatikiza kusunga nsomba m'madzi okwanira, chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chisamaliro chapanthawi yake.

Sumatran

Kukula kwa mitundu yamtchire ndi masentimita 7, ikasungidwa mu aquarium - osaposa masentimita 5. Mikwingwirima yakuda 4 imadutsa thupi lagolide, yoyamba yomwe imadutsa pamaso, yomaliza kukhala kumunsi kwa mchira. Zipsepazo zimakhala zofiirira kupatula zamkati wakuda wokhala ndi malire ofiira.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya barat ya Sumatran imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zokongoletsera. Chisamaliro ndichabwino, osati chovuta.

Moto

Nsomba yobadwira ku India pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 8, anthu omwe amakhala m'madzi am'madzi - 5. Mtundu wowotcha ndi malo akuda pamunsi mchira amakhala wofanana ndi wamwamuna, wamkazi ndi wachikaso kapena maolivi. Matumba a Fiery barbus kulibe. Dongosolo la dzuwa ndi moto wamoto.

Kusamalira, kukonza ndikubala sikovuta ngakhale poyambira.

Schubert

Mamba a barbus achimuna owoneka bwino ndi utoto wonse, mchira ndi zipsepse zachikopa ndi mithunzi yofiirira yomwe imakhala ndi chingwe chakuda. Thupi la akazi-la-peyala la akazi opsinjika limasintha mtundu kukhala imvi yosafala. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 4-5 cm.

Barbus's barbus imakhala bwino kuposa mitundu ina yokhala ndi oyandikana nawo pamadzi wamba.

Odessa

Dzinali lidaperekedwa polemekeza mzinda womwe udachokera ku Vietnam kupita ku Russia.Barbus wamoto adadzetsa chidwi pakati pa asitikali am'madzi chifukwa cha chingwe chofiira kwambiri chomwe chimayenda m'mphepete mwa siliva.

Oimira mtundu wa Odessa amagwira ntchito komanso amtendere, koma kusunga pamodzi ndi mitundu yophimba sikulimbikitsidwa.

Cherry

Mzere wakuda wosiyanayo umatalika mpaka nthawi yayitali mpaka kukhala wofiyira, wofiirira kapena wowoneka ngati rasipiberi woyeza 5 cm.

Barbus Cherry amakonda kuwala obalalika, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, diatoms, zomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamasamalira, kusamalira ziweto. Zimakhala bwino ndi anthu ambiri okhala pamadzi.

Pinki

Mtundu wocheperako wa ku Africa mpaka masentimita 3.5. Mtundu wa masikelo ndi pinki ndi wachikasu. Zipsepse ndizowonekera, kumbali za thupi - 3 malo amdima.

Ma bar pinki ndi osazindikira, abwino kwa okonda ma novice omwe amakhala m'madzi chifukwa chokhala kosavuta posamalira komanso kukonza. Kupulumuka kutentha kwa madzi a + 17 ° C.

Shark (Baloo)

Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi masikelo a siliva ndi maso akulu amakula mpaka 30 cm.

Ngakhale ali ndi kukula komanso kuchita zambiri, ma bar a Balu amanyazi ndipo amafuna pogona. Nsomba zimakhala momasuka ngati nkhokwe zowirira zimakulidwa mu malo akuluakulu am'madzi. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndi kukonza Shark, barbs imakhala zaka 10.

Masinthidwe

Zambiri mwa nsomba ndizakuda ndi malire ofiira. Koma chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa thupi, kuphatikiza mitundu ya buluu, ya lilac violet yomwe imasintha ikasintha kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumagwera mamba. Kapangidwe ka barbus kamasinthidwe kofanana ndi kachitidwe ka barat ka Sumatran. Mu mawonekedwe oswana awa, chitetezo chokwanira chimachepa. Nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi barbus wobiriwira, ngakhale kunja mitundu iyi ndi yosiyana kotheratu.

Scarlet (Tikto)

Anthu okhala pansi pamadzi kuchokera ku Hindustan amakonda mitsinje ndi mitsinje yamatope, pomwe pansi pake amapeza chakudya. Amunawa amapakidwa utoto wofiira kwambiri, masikelo achikazi amakhala opaka - pinki kapena ofiira. Pafupi ndi zozungulira komanso pansi pa mchira wake, makulidwe akuda amadziwika.

Malangizo okanira

Maonekedwe amtundu wa barbs uku mesmerizing ndi mitundu ya multicolor. Dzinalo limadziwika chifukwa cha kumenyedwa wakuda kumchira, pomwe thupi lidatembenuka mozondoka. Udindo wa mfundoyi umaseweredwa ndi diso lakuda. Colours, masinthidwe a ma stroko amatha kusintha, koma bala lakuda limakhalabe losasinthika.