Malinga ndi a Linnaeus: kulimba kwa zolengedwa ndizowonetsera kupitilira koyambirira. Mphamvu yoyendetsa ndi Mulungu. Chitsanzo: Anzeru, monga nyama zonse, analengedwa ndi Mulungu. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengera konse kuyambira pomwe zimachitika ndi khosi lalitali.

Malinga ndi a Lamarck: lingaliro la kuthekera kwamkati mwa zinthu zamoyo kusintha mothandizidwa ndi chilengedwe chakunja. Mphamvu yoyendetsa chisinthiko ndiyo kulimbana kwa zolengedwa kuti zikhale zangwiro chifukwa chazolimbitsa thupi. Mwachitsanzo: akamakolola chakudya munyengo yachilala, pomwe chivundikiro cha udzu chikutha, akutchire amakakamizidwa kudyera masamba amitengo, chifukwa chotsatira amapitilira khosi lawo kuti akafike masamba, potero, chifukwa cha masewera olimbitsa thupi, khosi limakulitsidwa. Khalidwe limatengera kwa makolo athu. Chifukwa chake panali khosi lalitali m'miyala.
Kuchokera pakuwoneka kuti Lamarckism, khosi lalitali ndi miyendo yaira ndi chifukwa chakuti
mibadwo yambiri ya makolo ake omwe anali ndi miyendo yaifupi komanso yaifupi
masamba a mitengo, omwe amayenera kukwera pamwamba.
Kutalika pang'ono kwa khosi ndi miyendo, kumachitika m'badwo uliwonse,
idapitilira ku m'badwo wotsatira kufikira ziwalo zamthupizi kufikira
kutalika kwapano.

Malinga ndi Darwin: Mwa mitundu yambiri yazipatso zambiri panali nyama zokhala ndi khosi lalitali kutalika. Omwe anali ndi khosi lalitali pang'ono anali opambana kwambiri kupeza chakudya (masamba kuchokera pamitengo) ndikupulumuka, pomwe nyama zokhala ndi khosi lalifupi sizilandira chakudya ndipo zimathetsedwa ndikusankhidwa kwachilengedwe. Khalidweli lidabadwa. Chifukwa chake, pang'onopang'ono, khosi lalitali lidawonekera mu muluza.

Ngati tikugwiritsa ntchito luso la kutembenuka kwa twiga ngati chitsanzo, kuchokera ku malingaliro a Darwin ndi omutsatira, ziyenera kupita motere:
Pakati pa makolo akale, twiga nthawi zonse amakhala akukhazikika mosiyanasiyana kutalika kwa khosi.
Zinthu zikasintha (mwachitsanzo, pakakhala chilala, pomwe udzu ndi zitsamba zimafa), anthu okhala ndi khosi lalitali adapindula. Makabudula okhala ndi khosi lalifupi adawonongeka.
Zotsatira zake, anthu omwe anali ndi khosi lalitali adasiya ana.
Kupyola mibadwo ingapo, chifukwa cha kusankha kwamakina, mitundu yamakono yagalasi yatuluka.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani njira ili ndi khosi lalitali

Kodi nchifukwa ninji njira ili ndi khosi lalitali chonchi? Tizilombo tambiri timakhala kumapiri aku Africa. Tizilombo tija tangotulutsa zitsamba zokha. Tsiku lililonse, milezi imadya pafupifupi 30 kg ya chakudya ndipo imatha maola 16 mpaka 20 patsiku.

Nyama zonse zili ndi chozizwitsa china chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi ena. Mbale imayang'ana pakati pawo ndi khosi lalitali. Chifukwa cha khosi lake, ndiye nyama yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kukula kwake kumafikira mita 6, pomwe pafupifupi mita 3 imagwera pakhosi. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yokha m'khola la gira, ndiko kuti, zochuluka monga zolengedwa zina zonse, kuphatikiza anthu ndi mbewa zazing'ono. Komabe, vertebra iliyonse ya gira ndi yayitali kwambiri, koma kukula kwa ma vertebrae sikungokhala kakhalidwe kakang'ono ngati vuto la gira. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, imasokonekera chifukwa chake, kuti nduluyo izitseguka.

Girafu akafuna kumwa, ayenera kufalitsa miyendo yake lonse ndi kuwerama: khosi ngati ndodo.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani njovu ili ndi khosi lalitali chonchi - mpaka mamita atatu. Yankho lake ndi losavuta. Chifukwa chake nyamayo imasinthasintha kukhala ndi moyo. Ndipo milombankhanga imakhala ku savannah aku Africa. Pali zitsamba zochepa mu savannah motero masamba ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha twiga. Amamera pamitengo yayitali. Chifukwa cha khosi lake lalitali, nduluyo imazitenga mosavuta kuchokera pamwamba kwambiri pamitengo.
Kuphatikiza pa khosi, twelafa ilinso ndi lilime lalitali mwachilendo; kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 45.

Mothandizidwa ndi khosi, mbawala zamtunduwu zimalimbana, komanso zimatha kudzitchinjiriza kwa adani ena powakwapula ndi mutu wosesa.

Dokotala wodziwika bwino wowerengera zanyama ku France, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, ndendende chifukwa njongayo, ili kuti ikhale ndi moyo, idatambasulira masamba obiriwira atsopano pamitengo ya Savannah, idakhala chifukwa chokhala ndi khosi lalitali chotere. Adakhulupilira kuti nthawi ina girafi ilibe khosi yayikulu kuposa zinyama zina, koma chifukwa chazolowera kukhoma masamba ang'onoang'ono pamitengo italiitali, iye adatambasuka ndikuyamba kukhala momwe alili tsopano.

Asayansi ena sagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha a Lamarck, koma sangathe kufotokozera chifukwa chomweira ndi khosi lalitali.

Malinga ndi katswiri wazowona zachilengedwe wa ku Namibia, Rob Nokia, makosi ataliatali adayambika chifukwa cha kulimbana kwa amuna ndi makosi. Yaimuna yokhala ndi khosi lalitali imapambana ndikulandiridwa ndi akazi, potero imabala ana ambiri.

Chiyani, motani ndipo bwanji ponena za ... twiga

Werengani ndipo mudzakhalapo pamaulendo opezeka m'mapaki ndi kupulumutsa alendo okaona bwino kwambiri.

Pacithunzi-thunzi kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, zithunzi zojambulidwa pamanja kuchokera ku nyama zazitali kwambiri komanso zazitali.

Chifukwa chake, osakhazikika bwino, ma twiga agona

Zachisoni, nyama zokongola ndi zokongola izi pang'onopang'ono zimafa ndipo posachedwa zatsala pang'ono kutha. Pa zaka 30 zapitazi, akhala ochepera 1/3. Osati chifukwa chakuti awonongedwa ndi anthu ndi zilombo, koma pazifukwa zazing'ono.

Nkhondo yapachiweniweni mu Africa, kupita patsogolo komanso kusaka nyama yokoma sikusiyira mapira kuti akhale ndi moyo. Madera omwe adawatcha nyumbayo pang'onopang'ono amakhala ndi anthu, malo osungirako malo ndi malo osungirako, mwanjira iliyonse, adzakhala malo awo okhalamo ndi malo okha okhala.

Zithunzi pali ma subspecies 9. Kwenikweni, onse amakhala m'maiko aku Africa: Somalia, Uganda, Zambia, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique ... Mayiko osauka ndi ankhondo sangapereke chitetezo ndi chitetezo kwa nyama zokongola komanso zokongola izi.

Koma, mitundu ya twiga imaswana mosavuta mu ukapolo ndipo izi zimatipatsa mwayi wofuna kusilira iwo posachedwa.

Mitundu ndi ma subspecies amasiyana pamtundu ndi kukula kwa mawanga m'thupi. Kukula kulikonse komanso malo amdima ndi amodzi payekha. Ndizoyerekeza, monga munthu ali ndi zala zam'manja, ndipo galu ali ndi kusindikiza kwa mphuno.

Achimwene awo asanu a mapira

Palibe nyama zogwirizana ndi twiga, koma popanda oki osowa. Ngakhale akunja ndi osiyana kotheratu. Aliyense wamwalira kalekale.

Chifukwa chiyani ma milendala ali ndi nyanga

Ana akhanda amabadwa olemera komanso amakula kuposa wamkulu wamkulu. Pamutu pali nyanga za cartilaginous, zomwe zimakula zokulira.

Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo ndipo chimathandiza nyama zina zonse - nyanga zimateteza kwa anansi osakonda. Koma ayi.

Nyangazo yazungulira m'mphepete ndipo nthawi zambiri sizinayende kutsogolo, koma mbali inayo. Sichokayikitsa kuti mudziteteza nokha ndi yokutidwa ndi nyanga yozungulira.

Nyanga zakhala ndi zozungulira ndipo zapindika kumbuyo.

Amanenanso kuti nyanga ndi ziwalo zopanda umboni. Cholowa cha artiodactyl wachibale wachiwiri wa makolo.

Ndipo kuchokera kwa mdani nduluzo zimatetezedwa ndi ziboda zakumaso, kuwombera kwake komwe kumatha kupha aliyense wowukira nthawi imodzi.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani njovu ili ndi khosi lalitali chonchi

Kodi mumadziwa kuti, ngakhale anali ndi chidwi, khosi la chifuwa lili ndi ma vertebrae 7 okha! Chimodzimodzi chimodzimodzi kwa munthu. Chomwe chimadabwitsa ndi kukula kwake, hypertrophied.

Khosi limapangitsa kuti zitheke kufikira nthambi zazitali za mitengo ndi tchire lalitali ndi masamba okoma kwambiri, komanso m'mphepete - kumadzi. Ndipo amakonda kwambiri kumwa. Mpaka 40 malita njira iliyonse kutsirira. Kamodzi tsiku lililonse 2-3.

Ndipo chochititsa chidwi: momwe njira imadyera masamba, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna. Amuna achikondi amakonda kutalika komanso kukhazikika kukhosi lake lonse, ndipo azimayi amakonda zokometsera zomwe zimamera m'maso komanso kutsika. Chifukwa chake, amayenera ngakhale kuwerama nthawi yamadzulo.

Njira yofunafuna chakudya komanso chakudya imatenga maola 20 patsiku. Kodi angachite chiyani? Amagona pang'ono, kotero kudya.

Lilime la twiga limakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 50 cm

Momwe miliri imagona

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kufunika kwa kugona pakati pa miliri ndi ochepa kwambiri mwa zolengedwa zonse padziko lapansi. Amatha kukhala olimba komanso kupumula patatha mphindi makumi angapo:

kuyambira mphindi 10-15 mpaka maola awiri

Mosiyana ndi njovu, yomwe imakhala yoopsa kugona pansi, mapira amatha kupumula onse atagona. Ndikupindika khosi pathupi.

Kodi mtima wa twiga umalemera zochuluka motani?

Kuti kupopa magazi kufikire ku ubongo, kaphiri kamangofunika mtima wamphamvu. Imalemera makilogalamu 12 ndipo imatha kupopa magazi pa liwiro la 60 l / min!

Ndi kukula kotere, nyamayo siyitha kuchita zinthu zakuthwa komanso zopindika. Momwe zochulukirapo zadzala ndi imfa.

Koma chilengedwe chimasamalidwa: magazi a girafi ndiwowoneka bwino komanso wowonda. Kuphatikiza apo, kutseka mavuvu m'mitsempha yopita ku khosi. Chifukwa cha dongosololi, girafiyo imapulumutsidwa kuchokera pakusintha kowopsa pakukakamiza ndi kufa.

Galeta losavomerezeka likuthirira

Kodi njira ilibe mawu?

Zingaoneke choncho, koma zilidi choncho. Khutu la munthu silimasiyanitsa mawu pansipa 20 Hz.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngati anganene zinthu zosangalatsa zambiri za anthu kumeneko?

Lilime la miliri ya utoto ndilakuda bii ndipo limakhala lalitali pafupifupi mamitala 0,5! Wow, chiwalo choterocho chofuna kutafuna chakudya ndichitali.

Tizilombo tambiri timayenda moyenera. Osati ngati akavalo ndi ma artiodactyl, koma choyamba amakweza miyendo iwiri yakumanzere, kenako awiri omanja (osagwirizana). Akavalo, masitepe amatchedwa amble kapena gait yachangu. Amathamanga kuposa kale.

Mwina ndichifukwa chake ma twiga sayopa kuthamangitsa:

• Amafika kuthamanga mpaka 55-60 km / h.
• Kulemera kwa ndlulayo kuli pafupifupi 1 tonne ndipo kutalika kuli mpaka 6 metres.

M'mbuyomu, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti njovu ndi ngamira pakhungu la kambuku.

Tsopano paulendo kapena kumalo osungira nyama, mukakumana ndi muluza, mutha kuyeserera kumvetsera pazokambirana zawo ndikupeza zinsinsi zina za moyo wa amuna okongola mikono yayitali.