• Gender: Male
• Mzinda: St. Petersburg, Moscow
• Cholinga: Tarantulas, repitles, mbalame, ndi zina zambiri, komanso mabulidwe

Text ndi chithunzi (c) M. Bagaturov
Zoo Leningrad

Pakadali pano, zochuluka kwambiri komanso mwatsatanetsatane zidalembedwa zokhudza mawonekedwe a thupi, chilengedwe, chilengedwe komanso zinthu zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi achule a mtundu wa ThelodermaKuphatikizapo za kuwasungira ukapolo.
Pazonse, anthu amphibians nthawi zambiri sanalembe za zambiri pamwambapa, ndipo mwina palibe amene amalemba bwino kuposa Yevgeny Rybaltovsky, katswiri wodziwika komanso wodzipereka pa phunziroli, kukonza ndi kuswana kwamagulu osiyanasiyana amphibian. Komabe, pamapangidwe a nkhaniyi, ndikufuna kudziwa payekhapayekha kuti zoyenera kukhazikitsa muchikhalidwe, komanso kukhazikitsa njira yayikulu yakukonzekera bwino komanso kuswana kwa gulu la amphibians padziko lonse lapansi, ndi a Eugene. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa kuti wotchuka amphibian katswiri Dante Fenolio (USA) mu lipoti lake pa 29 Mayiko Herpetological umenewu, umene unachitikira mu 2005 mu Arizona, wotchedwa ichi ntchito yake monga "namatetule Rybaltovsky Mulungu."
Zolemba ndi zatsatanetsatane zokhudzana ndi malo awo ku Vietnam, zoyesa zoyambirira zoyesayesa kusunga ndi kutulutsa achule awa, ndi mauthenga ena oyambira (komanso ma amphibians ena) amapezeka patsamba la Eugene - http: //www.zoocom. com / masamba / 69 /
M'nkhani ino, ine ndikufuna kukhazikika pa mbali yofunika kwambiri ndi zochita zawo pa kukonza bwino ndi kuswana wa achule a mtundu Theloderma. Komanso kufotokozera mwachidule zolakwitsa zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa pakusunga komanso kusamalira achule odabwitsa ndi odabwitsa awa m'njira zonse.

Mitundu ya mtundu Theloderma mu chikhalidwe. Zawo.
Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule za mitundu ya zinyama zomwe zimasungidwa ndi amateurs kudziko komanso ku Russia. Awa kawirikawiri 5 mitundu ya mtundu wa: Theloderma corticale - chule wodabwitsa, wamkulu komanso wokongola, Theloderma asperum (Copepod waukali), Theloderma stellatum (Dzenje kapena stellate copepod) ndi mitundu iwiri zazing'ono, ndi Theloderma gordoni (Copepod Gordon kapena lilac-belided), womwe umakhala pakati pakulimba. Komanso pakuphatikiza zochepa, mitundu ya Theloderma bicolor imakhala ndikufalikira. (Awiri kamvekedwe copepod).

Osasunthika mokwanira muukapolo Theloderma bicolorchachikazi

2 mpaka mitundu chosowa kwambiri imene imathandiza mu ukapolo ku Russia - Theloderma leporosum (Copepod warty) ndi T. horridum (wokopera ndiye woopsa).
Za 5 mitundu yambiri ya Theloderma corticale wamba (lichen Copepod) - imatha kuganiziridwa, mwinanso, chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri chosungira ndalama zachabechabe. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi chakuti mitunduyi, pamodzi ndi tinthu tating'ono Theloderma, Pa ntchito yawo diurnal (ndipo achule zimenezi zimachititsa anthu akaponya usiku moyo) nthawi zambiri zingaoneke kunja chilengedwe m'madzi mu terrarium kuti: pa makoma, snags ndi zomera (yotsirizira kwambiri khalidwe la Theloderma asperum).
Mitundu ya Theloderma stellatum, Theloderma gordoniNdipo makamaka Theloderma bicolor nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka kunja kwa madzi. Mochulukitsa, mutha kuwona nthawi zina achule omwe ali m'malire a madzi ndi nthaka pamayendedwe a nyali pakati pausiku, koma kuwala kukawagwera, nthawi yomweyo amabisala m'madzi.
Choncho mitundu ya mtundu umene angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga zinthu kulongosola pa zisudzo ndi kumalo osungira ali Theloderma corticale ndi theloderma asperum. Komanso, chifukwa chakuti achule akuluakulu a mtundu wachiwiri ndi ochepa kwambiri, ayenera kusungidwa pagulu lalikulu.

Zinthu m'ndende. Zofunikira.
M'mabuku, amakhulupirira kuti opalasa amtunduwu amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi wamadzi. Komabe, zaka zambiri zili ndi zawo zikusonyeza kuti zimenezi si zoona kwathunthu. Monga taonera kale, mitundu yonse isanu yomwe yatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi tingaigwiritse ntchito m'malo moyenda m'madzi. Komanso, ngati oyendetsa njinga amatha kusungidwa popanda malo, ndiye popanda madzi - ayi.

Mmodzi kakang'ono koma wokongola Theloderma asperum, wokumbukira za mbalame zitosi zili pabedi mwamtendere.

Malo abwino omwe amakhalamo ndi kubereka bwino, atha kuwona ngati malo osungirako madzi momwe malo onse okhala pansi azikhala ndi malo osungirako zinyalala, ndipo ngati nthaka, malo okumbikakumbika kapena zidutswa za khungwa (oak kapena cork oak) zidzasefukira, ena amatuluka madzi. Ngati ndi kotheka, achule adzagwiritsa ntchito pamwamba pa mabowo kuti apumule (ngakhale amakoloweka kolowera galasi, momwe paddle yakuwala ikhoza kuwoneka ikupachikidwa mumakona a terrarium). Apa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatulutsidwenso pansi pamisamba.
Mmodzi wa lalikulu zolakwa ambiri amene amapangidwa pamene kusunga achule a mtundu Theloderma - Ichi ndi chinthu chosintha madzi ndikusunga ukhondo nthawi zonse. M'malo mwake, kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino amafunika "madzi akale", okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe komanso ma humic acid (makamaka ma tannins).

Osokonekera Theloderma gordoni zimawapangitsa kukhala osadziwika pothana ndi mitengo yonyowa.

Ubwino wamadzi uyenera kuganiziridwa mosiyana. Kufunika zili tannins mu madzi (ndi, monga ife kale tinapeza, paddlefish kukhala moyo ambiri m'madzi, kutanthauza kuti khalidwe madzi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zowonetsera chifukwa tikukonza bwino ndi kuswana) wakhala experimentally zatsimikiziridwa ndi yokonza yaitali kuswana mitundu izi mu ukapolo (Laboratory " Zoocom »Rybaltovskogo, Tula Zooekzotarium, Riga, Moscow, malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Leningrad), komanso maphunziro apadera omwe a Dante Fenolio omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa (lipoti lolingana nalo lili m'chinenerochi) ndipo amatengedwa kuti ndiofunika kwambiri pazikhalidwe zamtunduwu akapolo.

Theloderma corticale, Mwamuna wamkulu mwina wokongola kwambiri, yotchuka ndi otchuka mitundu ya mtundu wa. Komanso yayikulu.

Zidadziwikanso kuti chifukwa chosowa ma humic acid m'madzi, ma tadpoles ambiri sakhala ndi moyo mpaka metamorphosis, kapena ena a metamorphose atafooka, osayamba kudzidyetsa okha ndikufa ambiri.
cholinga chingapezeke mu njira ziwiri - ndi madzi anasefukira zidutswa pakatikati pa Nkhata Bay thundu khungwa mu madzi kapena kuwonjezera decoction wa masamba ndi zidutswa za pedunculate thundu madzi (Quercus robur) pamodzi ndi masamba. Njira yotsirizirayi ndiyabwino chifukwa masamba osefukira ndi zidutswa za khungwa zimapereka malo ena okhala m'madzi chifukwa cha achule, zomwe ndizofunikira ndikazisungidwa m'magulu akulu. Komabe, pamaso pa kali lalikulu chotuluka ku madzi tinganene kuti koyenera kuti kafalitsidwe bwino achule, monga banja lomwe lili mu amplexus limafunikira malo oyikapo momwe angakhalire mwaulere osatulukamo.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kunena kuti pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito khungwa la oak, ndikofunikira kuisintha kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Decoction masamba thundu kapena makungwa zambiri kumatenga nthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera ndizofunikira miyezi 8-9 iliyonse. Timangozindikira kuti ndizofunikira kuti madzi asazirala, gwiritsani ntchito compressor ya aquarium kusakaniza madzi.
Wina chizindikiro cha kukonza bwino ndi kuswana wa Theloderma achule Kutentha kwamadzi. Ngakhale zolemba komanso zofotokozera zina "zopambana" zimawonetsa kuti amakhala bwino pa kutentha kwa 27-27 degrees Celsius, ndipo amatha kulekerera kuwonjezeka mwachidule mpaka madigiri 30 Celsius, komabe, izi ndizosocheretsa komanso sizowona. Pa kutentha awa, achule kukhala atengeke kwambiri matenda ndipo kawirikawiri kufa.
Kutentha kovomerezeka kwa opalasa ali pamtunda wosaposa madigiri 22-24 Celsius. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti malire apansi pano sakudziwika. Osachepera, kutentha madigiri 16-17 ndi bwino yabwino iwo.
Kuphatikiza pa zonse zomwe zanenedwa, zimadziwika kuti kutentha kotsika kumathandizanso kupambana kwa "kutuluka" kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu ogonana ndi metamorphosing m'njira yofanana ndi yaimuna ndi yaimuna kapenanso kukolola kwakukulu kwa izi. Pa kutentha kwambiri (otchedwa "m'nyumba"), kuchuluka kwa amuna kwa akazi sikokwanira ndipo kumasunthidwa mwamphamvu kupita kwa amuna (90% mpaka 10%).

Kubereka ndi kulima tadpoles ndiponso ana.
Kwenikweni, mavuto aliwonse ndi kubereka kwa mitundu ya mtundu wa Theloderma mu ukapolo, malinga ndi zinthu zakumwambazi, ayi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu terrarium mokwanira lalikulu mukhoza bwinobwino kusunga ndi kugwa achule popanda kuchotsa mazira kapena tadpoles kwa makulitsidwe osiyana ndi kukula. Ndi mavoliyumu ang'onoang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti okhawo omwe amakhala ndi zimbale azilima tadpoles kuti azilimapo. Komabe, komabe, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira lamulo lomwe kusuntha kwa ma tadpoles (kapena achule achitsulo) kuyenera kuchitidwa mwachindunji ndi madzi omwe amapezeka. Kwa masiku angapo otsatira, n'zotheka pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera latsopano "lakale" madzi.
Mfundo ina yomwe iyenera kudziwidwa apa ndi kufa kwa achule achichepere ndi achinyamata okhala ndi zomwe wandiweyani wa omwe amakhala ndi zola pazing'onoting'ono. Zindikiridwa kuti amuna akuluakulu "amawakanikiza", omwe amatha kupha. Pa nkhani imeneyi, m'pofunika kudzala paddlers achinyamata kukula payokha. Ndikofunikanso kuwanyamula pamodzi ndi madzi omwe anali mu "mama" terrarium.

Mavuto omwe amadziwika kwambiri pachikhalidwe cha ukapolo.
Zingakhale yolondola kwambiri kuyitana gawo ili si vuto, koma "matenda." Komabe, chifukwa chakuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda omwe afotokozedwawo sanazindikirebe, ngakhale atafufuza ambiri ndi anzawo ku Riga Zoo, tidzachitcha chimenecho.
Mwachiwonekere, vutoli limakhalapo nthawi zonse, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala m'thupi la paddlefish, yotumizidwa ku mibadwomibadwo (chithunzi chofanana ndi ichi chidawuka ku Tula, Riga, St. Petersburg nthawi zosiyanasiyana, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe chake). mawonetseredwe ake ndi chikhalidwe epizootic, wopita ku ikutha kwathunthu kwa madera, uka, monga ulamuliro, ndi kusintha lakuthwa mu zinthu m'ndende (pamene Thirani m'zipinda zina, etc.) kapena chilengedwe cha zinthu chowawa m'ndende (madzi, kutentha, etc.).
Chithunzi cha matendawa chimawonekera pakuwombera zotsekemera za m'maso, pambuyo pake mucous nembanemba wa khungu, nthawi zonse kumabweretsa imfa. Pachifukwa ichi, mtembo wa chule umasinthasintha.
Ndi chimodzi cha zizindikiro zikuluzikulu zimene matenda oyambirira a matenda a copepods n'zotheka ndi clouding wa nembanemba mucous a maso (onani chithunzi).

Theloderma corticale ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa (maso osalala).

Ngati zizindikiro amenewa wapezeka, mwamsanga alowererepo mankhwala n'kofunika onse anthu ndi mawonetseredwe, ndi kudzipatula kwawo ndi enawo, ndi anthu kuyang'ana kunja yachibadwa.
Mankhwalawa amakhala pakuyika chule mu madzi "akale", okhala ndi humic ndi tannins. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito antibacterial agents a gulu la fluoroquinolone (tsifran, ciprofloxacin, ndi zina) potengera piritsi 1 la 500 mg pa malita 7 amadzi.
Yankho chifukwa anawonjezera kuti madzi ndi nyama zotsala popanda kusintha wotsatira wa madzi.
Anthu omwe samalowa m'madzi amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho kuchokera ku mfuti yofukizira osachepera 2 pa tsiku.
Ngati vutoli lidapezeka munthawi yake, chithandizo choyambirira chinkachitika ndipo, monga chotulukapo chake, ziwalo zamkati sizidakhuzike kwambiri, kenako patapita nthawi yochepa (masiku 3-4) nembanemba zimatsukidwa ndikusinthidwa.
Pankhani ya malowedwe zozama za tizilomboto mu Kakhungu mucous, ngakhale ndi mankhwala amenewa, copepod mwina sazindikira limodzi kapena maso onse.
Pambuyo pakutha kwa zizindikiro zakunja za matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kukonza achule kuchokera mfuti yopopera apitirire kwa milungu iwiri.
Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la fluoroquinolone precursors mukamagulitsa achule mu malo atsopano opangira poyambira sabata 1.

Koma funso ntchito anasonyeza mankhwala njira poyerekezera ndi mitundu ina ya achule, izo wotseguka pa mphindi. Komabe, ku dipatimenti ya Insectarium ku Leningrad Zoo pali chidziwitso chabwino mu chithandizo cha achinyamata a mitundu ya Rhacophoraseus obwera kuchokera ku Vietnam Matenda okhala ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zili ndi zotsatirapo zabwino: mwa anthu 6 odwala, anayi adachiritsidwa kwathunthu, m'modzi 1 adamwalira ndipo m'modzi adapulumuka, koma osakhala ndi maso onsewo (mpaka pano, pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi akupitilizabe kukhala ndi moyo, kudya, koma adachepetsa kukula pafupifupi safuna kuwonjezera kukula).

Chithunzithunzi Khosi Theloderma corticale mu aquaterrarium lapansi. Munthu amatha kuwona mtundu wamadzi am'madzi "akale" ndi kulowererapo kumizidwa mmenemo, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achule kupuma, komanso kutulutsidwa kwa zakudya pazinthuzo.

Kodi chodabwitsa cha teloderm ndi chiani?

Mu achule dzenje, thupi flattened kuchokera kumwamba. M'mitundu yambiri, khungu limakutidwa ndi ma tubercles, zitunda ndi ma spines. Pakakhala zoopsa, chule amapinda mpira.

achule awa kuikira mazira akubisala m'dzenje wodzazidwa ndi madzi, kapena voids ena abwino. Caviar ili pamakoma a dzenje, pamwamba pamadzi.

Teloderma (Theloderma).

N'chifukwa chiyani achule dzenje anakhalabe osadziwika kuti maphunziro kwa nthawi yaitali? Achule amenewa amakhala ndi moyo wobisalira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri samachita chidwi ndi ofufuza. Kuphatikiza apo, panali zochepa za achule awa kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha chipwirikiti ku Indochina. mikangano Interethnic ndi nkhondo malo awa sanalole ofufuza kuphunzira nyama ndi zomera.

Mu 1995, bungwe lotsogolera Institute of the Russian Academy of Sayansi lidapeza ma teloderms, ndipo mchaka cha 1996, achule adachotsedwa kwawo ndikomwe adayikidwa mu Tula Regional Exotarium. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pulogalamu yakhazikitsidwa kuti iphunzire sayansi ya teloderm.

Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito imeneyi ndicho kuphunzira moyo wa achule dzenje kuti kupitiriza mitundu osachepera mu ukapolo, kuyambira pa ziwawa chifukwa chodula mitengo kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia pali chiopsezo cha akuti mitundu ya nyama zambiri.

Achule a mtundu Theloderma ochokera ku banja la Rhacophoridae ndi chinthu chodalirika chosamalira nyama.

Ornithologist N.L. Orlov ndi anzake yachilendo anatha kusonkhanitsa mndandanda wa mitundu sankadziwika teloderm: T. stellatum, T. bicolor, T. leporosa, T. corticale, T. gordoni ndi T. horridum. Kupambana kwakukulu ndikuti adakwanitsa kuswana mitundu yambiri ya teloderm. Chifukwa cha izi, mitunduyi ikuchulukanso kukhala anthu okhala m'misika.

Koma ambiri a mitundu anali kuphunzira kokha kwa toyesa aliwonse amene zimapezeka pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Izi zachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa achule awa mwachilengedwe komanso chifukwa amakhala m'malo osafikirika.

Mitundu ya teloderm

Mu Zoological kusonkhanitsa dziko pali makope 5 yekha wa telederma Burma, pamene zithunzi za achule kulibeko konse. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'ma 80s mudali wankhalwe wankhondo ku Burma, ndipo izi zisanachitike, panali nthawi yamavuto pafupifupi zaka 50.

m'chilengedwe, amakhala moyo wobisalira kwambiri, ndipo sayansi yawo siyimamvetsetseka bwino.

Mu 2006, iwo anafotokoza Indian teloderm, ambirife amadziwika yekha ndi buku limodzi.Moyo wa chule wopanda phokoso masiku ano sukudandaula. Okhala ku Nagaland ati amapeza achule awa m'madzi osiyanasiyana. Koma chifukwa cha malo osakhazikika, maphunziro apamwamba nawonso sachitidwa.

Teloderma-moloch yosavutaku imakhalabe yopanda tanthauzo. Mtunduwu ndi wosowa kwambiri. Kufotokozera zamtunduwu kunachitika kuyambira 1912 m'mitundu iwiri. Anapezeka ku Arunachal Pradesh. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pafupifupi palibe chidziwitso chatsopano chomwe chalandiridwa chokhudza achule awa. Zithunzi za teloderm-moloch, monga ndi Burmese teloderm, sizikupezeka. Zojambula zakuda ndi zoyera zomwe zapulumuka.

Kutolere kwa ma teloderms a Tula Exotarium kuli mitundu 9, mwa mitundu 7 yomwe ikubala.

Dwarf teloderma ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira ang'ono kwambiri amtunduwu. Akuluakulu samapitilira mamilimita 23-24 kutalika. Ma teloderms okhala ndi makina amakhala ku Vietnam, China komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Laos.

Giant Contum teloderm idafotokozedwa mu 2005. Teloderma iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu pakati pa mtundu. Pali kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi - mtundu wa amuna umasiyana kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa akazi, kuphatikiza apo, mwa akazi, khungu limakhala losalala.

Ma Teloderm amapezeka pamalo okwera mamita 700 mpaka 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Mu 2006, azimayi anayi ndi amuna awiri amphona a Contum teloderms adagwidwa. Achule amenewa amabweretsedwa ku Tula Regional Exotarium. Tsoka ilo, ali mu ukapolo, akazi onse adamwalira, ndipo mwamunayo amakhala masiku ake okha. Zoologists akuyang'anira gulu latsopano la ma teloderms akuluakulu, kuti athe kukhala ndi mwayi wowabereka muukapolo, kuti asunge mitundu.

Marble teloderma ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino m'chilengedwe. Mtunduwu wakhala ukudziwa kuyambira 1997. Ma marel teloderm amakhala ku China, Malaysia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar ndi Bhutan.

Achule amenewa amakonda nkhalango zamvula, dziwe laling'ono, mapanga kapena nyumba zopanda madzi.

Teloderma wooneka ngati nyenyezi, wokhala ngati nsangalabwi, ali ndi malo okwera komanso malo akulu: Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia ndi Laos.

Pakadali pano, mitundu inanso isanu ya ma teloderm iyenera kufotokozedwa. Koma ngati mukuwona kuti achule amenewa ndi obisalira kwambiri, ndipo siwosavuta kupeza m'malo achilengedwe, ndiye kuti mutha kuyembekeza zatsopano za amphibians osamvetsetseka awa.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kodi Adadawa ndi ndani?

Imodzi mwa zikopa zazing'ono kwambiri za Theloderma asperum

Nthawi yomweyo, njira zopangira kukonza ndi kubereka bwino amphibians, makamaka osatulutsa, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakadali pano poopseza kuwonongeka kwawo padziko lapansi m'chilengedwe pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana (kufotokozera kwa anthu ma biotopes awo, kufalikira padziko lonse la matenda oyamba ndi fungus kwa amphibians - hitridiomycosis, kuwononga mitundu yonse ya mitundu, ndi zina).

Mwa mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana ya anyani opanda mkaka, ma arboreal (ophatikizidwa kuti "achule a mitengo") mwina ndi ena mwamtundu wokongola kwambiri ku ukapolo. Mitundu ina, monga chule wa mitengo ya buluu ku Australia (Litoria caerulea), chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo "akuseweretsa", mtundu wokongola, wamkulu komanso mawonekedwe osasiyanitsa, tsopano ndi nyama zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Pamodzi ndi achule a mitengo, koma pafupipafupi, masisitere amakhalanso ndi achule a ku Asia a gulu la ziguduli (Rhacophoridae) ofanana nawo, omwe amatchedwa "kuwuluka" kapena "achule olinganiza." Dzinalo limatchulanso chule wina wotchuka wa ku Central ndi South America - makamaka wokhudzana ndi achule amtchire (Hylidae), chule wa mtengo wokhwima Agalychnis callidryas) chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kukonza thupi kuchokera pamtengo mpaka pamtengo ndikuwulula mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pakati pa zala zakumiyendo.

Komabe, pakati pa ochita masewerawa pali kagulu kakang'ono ka mitundu ya mtundu waku South Asia Theloderma, osatsogola, koma njira yamoyo yam'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, amatha kukwera pamalo owoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi zina amatha nthawi yayitali mkati masana. Komabe, mawonekedwe awo adakali madzi, pomwe amabisala pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri, amakhala ndi kubereka.

Pakadali pano, mtunduwu ukuphatikiza mitundu 14 yofotokozedwa, komanso zingapo zomwe zikufotokozedwa pakadali pano. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti, mwina, machitidwe ake akadali kutali kwathunthu ndipo m'kupita kwanthawi mitundu yonse yatsopano idzatsegulidwa. Pamodzi ndi izi, ena mwa taxa omwe amadziwika kale ndi sayansi amatha kusamutsidwa ku genera lina.

Ngakhale kuti achule awa tsopano akhala chinthu choti azisunga m'midzi yopanda zinthu zambiri, mochulukirapo komanso mwatsatanetsatane zalembedwa za chikhalidwe cha thupi lawo, malo okhala zachilengedwe, sayansi ya kubereka komanso zinthu zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo kukonza kwawo muukapolo.

Mwambiri, sindinalembepo zambiri mwazomwe zanenedwa za amphibians, ndipo mwina palibe amene amalemba bwino kuposa Yevgeny Rybaltovsky, katswiri wodziwika komanso wodzipereka pa phunziroli, kukonza ndi kuswana kwamagulu osiyanasiyana amphibian. Komabe, pamapangidwe a nkhaniyi, ndikufuna kudziwa payekhapayekha kuti zoyenera kukhazikitsa muchikhalidwe, komanso kukhazikitsa njira zoyambira zothandizira kukonza bwino ndi kubereka gulu la amphibians padziko lonse lapansi, ndi a Eugene. Sizosadabwitsa kuti katswiri wotchuka wa ku India Dante Fenolio (USA) mu lipoti lake ku 29th International Herpetological Symposium yomwe idachitika mu 2005 ku Arizona, adatcha izi ndi "luso la Rybaltovsky."

Munkhaniyi, ndikufuna ndikungokhala pazinthu zofunikira kwambiri komanso momwe zimakhudzira kukonzanso bwino komanso kuswana kwa achule a mtundu wa Theloderma, komanso kuwunikira mwachidule zolakwika zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa pakusunga komanso kubereka ana abwinobwino komanso odabwitsa awa m'njira zonse.

Mitundu ya genus Theloderma mu chikhalidwe. Zawo

Osasowa okwanira mu ukapolo Theloderma bicolor, wachikazi

Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule za mitundu ya zinyama zomwe zimasungidwa ndi amateurs kudziko komanso ku Russia. Izi nthawi zambiri ndi mitundu isanu ya mtundu: Theloderma corticale - chodabwitsa kwambiri, chule lalikulu komanso lokongola, Theloderma asperum (rep Copepod), Theloderma stellatum (hollow or star Copepod) - mitundu iwiri yaying'onoyo, ndi Theloderma gordoni (Gordon Copepod kapena lilac belided) kukula kwapakatikati. Komanso pakuphatikiza zochepa, mitundu Theloderma bicolor (bicolor Copepod) imapezekanso ndikufalitsidwa.

Mitundu iwiri yosowa kwambiri imadziwikanso ku ukapolo ku Russia - Theloderma leporosum (warty Copepod) ndi T. horridum (Copepod woopsa).
Mwa mitundu isanu yodziwika kwambiri ya Theloderma corticale (lichen padlock), itha kuonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri chosunga ndalama zophatikiza amateur. Izi zimatsimikizidwa makamaka chifukwa chakuti achule a mtunduwu, pamodzi ndi theloderma asperum, panthawi yawo yopanga ntchito (ndipo achule awa ali ndi moyo wausiku) amatha kuonedwa nthawi zambiri kunja kwa malo am'madzi mu terarium: pamakoma, kumiyala ndi kuzomera (chotsirizachi ndichikhalidwe cha Theloderma asperum).

Mitundu ya Theloderma stellatum, Theloderma gordoni, makamaka Theloderma bicolor nthawi zina imatha kuwoneka kunja kwa madzi. Mochulukitsa, mutha kuwona nthawi zina achule omwe ali m'malire a madzi ndi nthaka pamayendedwe a nyali pakati pausiku, koma kuwala kukawagwera, nthawi yomweyo amabisala m'madzi.

Chifukwa chake, mitundu yamtundu yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ziwonetsero komanso malo osungirako nyama ndi Theloderma corticale ndi Theloderma asperum. Chifukwa chakuti achule akuluakulu a mtundu wachiwiri ndi ochepa kwambiri, ayenera kusungidwa pagulu lalikulu.

Milandu ya achule a Copepod a mtundu Theloderma

M'mabuku, amakhulupirira kuti opalasa amtunduwu amakhala ndi moyo wamadzi wamadzi. Komabe, zaka zambiri zokumana nazo pazambiri zawo ndikuwonetsa zikuwonetsa kuti izi sizowona konse. Monga taonera kale, mitundu yonse isanu yomwe yatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi tingaigwiritse ntchito m'malo moyenda m'madzi. Komanso, ngati oyendetsa njinga amatha kusungidwa popanda malo, ndiye popanda madzi - ayi.

Malo abwino omwe amakhalamo ndi kubereka bwino, atha kuwona kuti ndi malo osungirako madzi momwe malo osungirako nyama amakhalira pansi, ndipo akhwangwala kapena zidutswa za khungwa (oak kapena cork oak) zidzasefukira m'madzi ngati dziko, ena amatuluka madzi. Ngati ndi kotheka, achule adzagwiritsa ntchito pamwamba pa mabowo kuti apumulidwe (ngakhale amasunthira bwino kwambiri pagalasi, pomwe mawonekedwe a lichen amatha kuwoneka atapachikidwa m'makona a terrarium). Apa, tizilombo todyedwa (ma cickets ndi maphemwe) timatulutsidwanso pamatumba.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa pakusunga achule a mtundu wa Theloderma ndi chinthu chosintha madzi nthawi zonse ndikusunga oyera. M'malo mwake, kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino amafunika "madzi akale", okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe komanso ma humic acid (makamaka ma tannins).

Kukongola kosangalatsa kwa Theloderma gordoni kumawapangitsa kukhala osiyana ndi mitengo yonyowa

Ubwino wamadzi uyenera kuganiziridwa mosiyana. Kufunika kwa ma tannins m'madzi (ndipo monga tazindikira kale, ubora wamadzi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera bwino ndi kuswana) kwatsimikiziridwa poyesedwa ndi kusamalidwa kwa mitundu yayitali ku ukapolo. Mwachitsanzo ndi Zoocom Laborator of Rybaltovsky, Tula Zooekzotarium, Riga, Moscow, Leningrad Zoos, komanso maphunziro apadera omwe a Dante Fenolio (lipoti lolingana nalo lili muchofalitsa) ndipo amatengedwa kuti ndiofunika kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa mbewu ali mu ukapolo kwa ogulitsa awa.

Zidadziwikanso kuti chifukwa chosowa ma humic acid m'madzi, ma tadpoles ambiri sakhala ndi moyo mpaka metamorphosis, kapena ena a metamorphose atafooka, osayamba kudzidyetsa okha ndikufa ambiri.

Cholingachi chitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri - kudzera m'madzi osefukira ngati khungwa la oak m'madzi, kapena powonjezera masamba ndi zidutswa za khungwa la oak (Quercus robur) pamodzi ndi masamba kupita kumadzi. Njira yotsirizirayi ndiyabwino chifukwa masamba osefukira ndi zidutswa za khungwa zimapereka malo ena okhala m'madzi chifukwa cha achule, zomwe ndizofunikira ndikazisungidwa m'magulu akulu. Komabe, kupezeka kwa malo akuluakulu akutuluka m'madzi kungaoneke koyenera pakufalikira kwa achule, monga banja lomwe lili mu amplexus limafunikira malo oyikapo momwe angakhalire mwaulere osatulukamo.

Payokha, ndikofunikira kunena kuti pankhani yogwiritsira ntchito khungwa la oak, ndikofunikira kuisintha kamodzi kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kutsekemera kwa masamba obiri kapena khungwa kumakhala nthawi yayitali. Zowonjezera ndizofunikira miyezi 8-9 iliyonse. Timangozindikira kuti ndizofunikira kuti madzi asazirala, gwiritsani ntchito compressor ya aquarium kusakaniza madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusefedwa kwamadzi kumavomerezedwanso komanso koyenera, kotero kuti poizoni sapezeka m'madzi, zomwe zingayambitse poyizoni wa amphibian.

Chinsinsi china chakuchita bwino kukonza komanso kuswana kwa achule a Theloderma ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Ngakhale mabuku ndi mafotokozedwe ena a "opambana" pazomwezi akuwonetsa kuti amakhala bwino pa kutentha kwa 27-28 ° C, ndipo amatha kulekerera kuwonjezeka mwachidule mpaka 30 ° C, komabe, izi ndizosocheretsa komanso sizowona. Pamatenthedwe amenewa, achule amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa.

Kutentha kovomerezeka kwa opalasa ali pamtunda wosaposa 22-24 °. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti malire apansi pano sakudziwika. Osachepera, kutentha kwa 16-17 ° kumakhala kosavuta kwa iwo.

Kuphatikiza pa zonse zomwe zanenedwa, zimadziwika kuti kutentha kotsika kumathandizanso kupambana kwa "kutuluka" kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu ogonana ndi metamorphosing m'njira yofanana ndi yaimuna ndi yaimuna kapenanso kukolola kwakukulu kwa izi. Pa kutentha kwambiri (otchedwa "m'nyumba"), kuchuluka kwa amuna kwa akazi ndi kosavomerezeka ndipo amasunthidwa mwamphamvu kupita kwa amuna (90% mpaka 10%).

Zithunzi ndi chithunzi zojambulidwa ndi M. Bagaturov, Leningrad Zoo