Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Giredi: | Amayi |
Gulu: | Zodzikongoletsera |
Banja: | Wogona |
Jenda: | Hazel dormouse |
Onani: | Hazel dormouse |
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Wosadandaula IUCN 3.1 Kuda nkhawa: 13992 |
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Hazel dormouse, kapena mbewa (lat. Muscardinus avellanarius) - mayi wachilengedwe wabanja la makoswe.
Mawonekedwe
Hazel dormouse ndi nyama yaying'ono yofanana ndi gologolo pang'ono. Ili pafupi kukula kwa mbewa: kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 15, kulemera kwa thupi 15-25 g. Iyi ndi imodzi mwamitu yaying'ono kwambiri yogona. Mchirawo ndi wautali, 6-7.7 masentimita, ndi burashi kumapeto. Kupukutira ndi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, makutu ndi ang'ono, ozunguliridwa, ndevu ndizitali, mpaka 40% kutalika kwa thupi. Hazel dormouse ndi mitundu yachilendo kwambiri pakati pa nyumba zogonapo, yomwe imawonetsedwa m'manja mwa miyendo yawo. Zala 4 ndizofanana kutalika, zala zakumanzere ndizocheperako kuposa zina ndipo ndizowonekera kwa iwo. Mukasunthira limodzi ndi nthambi, mabulashi amatembenukira kumbali pafupi mbali zolondola.
Utoto wamtundu wapamwamba wa dormouse wa hazel umakhala wofiyira kwambiri, nthawi zina wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, mbali yam'munsi imakhala yowala ndi utoto wopepuka. Pakhoza kukhala kuwala, pafupifupi zoyera mawanga pakhosi, pachifuwa komanso m'mimba. Zala ndi zoyera. Msonga wa mchira wake ndi wakuda kapena, mosiyana, kuwala, kosasunthika.
Kufalitsa
Chipinda chogona cha Hazel ndicofala m'nkhalango zowuma za Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Turkey, zomwe zimapezeka kum'mwera kwa Sweden ndi kumwera kwa Britain. Yodziwika kumwera kwa Europe, sakhalapo ku Spain kokha. Gawo lakummawa la malo osiyanasiyana a hazel dormouse limalowa m'chigawo cha Russia. Imatambasulidwa ndi riboni yopapatiza kuchokera ku Baltic kudzera Dnieper yapamwamba, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje. Oka mpaka pakati pa Volga dera. Hazel dormouse amapezekanso ku Caucasus ndi Ciscaucasia. Chipinda cha Hazel sichachilendo mu gawo lonse la Russia.
Moyo
Chipinda chogona cha Hazel chimakhala m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zosakanikirana, zimakhala m'malo opezeka chonde, zotumphukira, buluzi, phulusa la mapiri, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, viburnum ndi mitengo ina yazipatso ndi mabulosi, zomwe zimapatsa nyamazo malo oti zizipeza (makamaka, zosinthika ndi kucha) ndi chitetezo chabwino. Itha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa njira zamapiri kapena zamtunda, m'mphepete mwa mapangidwe, pakuwonekera. M'mapiri akukwera mpaka 2000 m pamwamba pamadzi. Madera a Yaroslavl ndi Vladimir, sony amakonda nkhalango zowirira zomwe zimakhala ndi linden, phulusa, ndi thundu. Mchigawo cha Volga, malo otchedwa hazel dormouse amatha kupezeka m'nkhalango zachilengedwe zokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yosanja yazomera.
Hazel dormouse amakhala makamaka munthaka, yolimba mwaluso zitsamba, ngakhale nthambi zowonda kwambiri komanso zosinthika kwambiri. Yogwira ntchito kuyambira mamawa mpaka m'mawa. Hazel dormouse - nyama zamtunda. Malo okhala amuna amakhala pafupifupi 1 ha, mwa akazi - mpaka 0,8 ha. Akazi amakhala achisoni, njira zazimuna zimadutsa zazikazi zingapo, koma zazikazi sizidutsa. Nyama iliyonse ili ndi zisa zingapo zokhalamo, zimakhala zozungulira (mpaka 15 cm mwake), imakhala ndi masamba owuma, moss ndi tsamba la udzu womata ndi malovu a Sonya. Mkati, chisa chija chili ndi udzu wofewa, wowuma bwino komanso wamakungwa. Chidacho chili pa nthambi pamtunda wa mamita 1-2 pamwamba pa nthaka kapena paphompho. Sonya amakhalanso mofunitsitsa m'nyumba za mbalame, titmouse, m'maenje, ngakhale atakhala kuti nyumba ili kale ndi mbalame kapena ayi. Ma redhead, ma flycatchers ojambulidwa amavutika kwambiri ndi kuwodzera, mochepera - gawo lalikulu ndi mtundu wa buluu, wokhoza kubwezeretsa pang'onopang'ono.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Hazel Dormouse
Hazel dormouse (flycatcher) - nyama zoyamwitsa za banja lanyumba yogona komanso makonzedwe a makoswe. Kunja, ndi ofanana ndi gologolo, wocheperako kukula, ndipo miyeso yake ndiofanana ndi mbewa. Mwa banja lake lonse, nyumba yopanda ma hazel ndiyochepera.
Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumangokhala magalamu 27, nyumba yogona bwino imalemera kwambiri, imatsala pang'ono kugwa. Nyama ikadzuka, kulemera kwake kumachepera mpaka 15 - 17 magalamu. Thunthu la hazel dormouse ndilotalika - kuyambira 7 mpaka 9 cm, uku sikuwerengera mchira, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 6 kapena 7 cm.
Kodi nyumba yopanda mafuta ya hazel imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Hazel Dormouse Red Book
Malo omwe amagawikiramo nyumba zapanja za hazel ndi ochulukirapo. Nyamayi ndi munthu wamba wokhala ku Europe, kupatula Spain ndi Portugal, amakhala kumwera kwa Great Britain ndi Sweden, lolembetsedwa kumpoto kwa Turkey. M'dziko lathu, hazel dormouse amakhala m'nkhalango za Volga, Ciscaucasia, Caucasus ndi Dnieper. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'dera la Russia nyamayi ndiyosowa, chifukwa ndi ochepa.
Chipinda chogona cha Hazel ndi nyama zangokhala ndi madera awo. Kukula kwa gawo lotere mwa mkazi kumatha kukhala pafupifupi theka la hekitala, mwa amuna ziweto ndizochulukirapo. Pakati pawo, nyama zimalumikizana kokha pakukhwima. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'malo opezeka ma mousel ndi kufalikira kofikira, makamaka kuchokera ku hazel, sizinali pachabe kuti amachitcha kuti hazel.
Sonya amatha kukhazikika phulusa lamapiri, rosehip, ma nambala otentha a viburnum. Khola la mbewa limakonda mitengo yaying'ono ya thundu, linden ndi phulusa. Mitengo yazipatso ndi nyumba yabwino kwa zolengedwa zazing'ono. Ndizolakwika kuganiza kuti zimapweteketsa mitengo yazipatso, ndipo m dormouse, m'malo mwake, zimathandizira kupukutidwa.
Chipinda chosanja cha Hazel chimakonda zokongola, nkhalango zosakanikirana, ndi nkhalango zowoneka bwino sizimakopa iye. Nyama imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi dziko komanso misewu ya m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi, m'malo okwera sapita pamwamba makilomita awiri.
Kodi mchipinda cha hazel chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Hazel Dormouse
Zosanja za hazel dormouse zimakhala zamasamba. Ndizosavuta kuganiza kuti mtedza ndimakonda kwambiri. Sonya amadya mtedza wambiri, akukonzekera hibernation, ikayamba kuchuluka, chifukwa nyamayi sipanga nkhokwe nthawi yozizira. Mbale zomwe Sonya adayesa, koma sanadye, zitha kusiyanitsidwa, chifukwa Nyama imasiya mabowo ozungulira kuchokera mano mano awo. Sonya alibe cecum m'thupi, kotero zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yayikulu sizingatenge. Nyama zimakonda zipatso ndi njere.
Kuphatikiza pa mtedza, kudya makoswe kumakhala ndi:
- zipatso (sitiroberi, mabulosi abulu, rasipiberi, lingonberry, mabulosi akutchire),
- ma acorn
- chipatso
- masamba (pachaka),
- mphukira
- mbewu.
Itha kuwoneka zachilendo, koma tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakana chakudya chama protein. Sonya amadya mphutsi ndi mazira a mbalame mosangalala, ngati ali ndi mwayi wotere. Kuphatikiza pa mphutsi, Sonya ndi tizilombo tina sanyansidwa. Mu nthawi yamasika, nyama zimatha kudya makungwa a nyama zazing'ono. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona tulo tamadya pakudya kwake, chifukwa amagwiritsa zipatso zilizonse ndi miyendo iwiri yakutsogolo. Zakudya za tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mu korona wa mitengo ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosiyanasiyana.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Chinyama cha Hazel dormouse
Hazel dormouse ndi nyama yamadzulo yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali mu ufumu wagona, ndichifukwa chake ili ndi dzina losangalatsa. Sonya amagona osati masana, komanso kuchokera ku Okutobala mpaka Epulo, akugwera mu hibernation, chifukwa salola kutentha kochepa.
Ngakhale nthawi yotentha, kutentha kumatsikira pansi pa madigiri 17, tulo tosagona tulo timagundika ndipo timatha kugona masiku angapo mpaka kukutentha.
Monga tanena kale, ogona amakhala nyama zangokhala kumadera akutali. Nyama zimakonda kukhala zokhazokha, kukumana wina ndi mnzake nyengo yakukhwima. Usiku, amadzifunira chakudya, amasintha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi, ndipo masana amagona zisa zawo.
Mutu uliwonse wogona pagawo lake umakhala ndi zisa zingapo za masana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamitengo kutalika kwa mita imodzi mpaka iwiri. Khola la mbewa limakhalanso ndi bowo nthawi yachisanu, lomwe limakonzekeretsa bwino chilimwe chonse kuti lizitha kutentha nyengo yachisanu.
Ngati Sonya mwini amatenga nawo mbali pomanga chisa, ndiye kuti amapanga udzu, mbewa, masamba, nthambi zazing'ono, zomwe amalumikizana ndi malovu ake. Ndiyenera kunena kuti nyumba yopanda matumba a hazel nthawi zina imatha kukhala yopanda chinyengo, yopanda ulemu, nyamayi imakonda kukhala zisa za anthu ena, kuthamangitsa omwe amabwera kuchokera kwa iwo: abuluu, mpheta. Sonya amatha kukhalanso mnyumba yosungiramo mbalame, m'chipinda cham'makomo, m'maenje, matayala akale agalimoto.
Ngati tizingolankhula zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a zolengedwa zazing'onozi, titha kunena kuti dormouse ndiwopanga chidwi komanso wolimba mtima, mwachilengedwe komanso osavuta kulumikizana ndi anthu, nyama ndizokhulupirira kwambiri, kotero ndizosavuta kuzizunza.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hazel Dormouse kuchokera ku Red Book
Chipinda chogona cha Hazel ndi nyama zayekha zomwe zimalumikizana wina ndi mnzake munyengo yakukhwima, yomwe imakhala nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, chinthu chachikulu ndikuyenera kukhala chotentha. Kuti ana azitha kukhala omasuka, zazikazi zimapanga chisa cha amayi, chomwe chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masiku onse. Zoyala zake zimakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri pansi. Chisa choterocho chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: pamwamba chimakutidwa ndi masamba, ndipo mkati mwake chimakutidwa ndi pansi, nthenga, udzu wochepa.
Popita nthawi yotentha, yaikazi imatha kubereka ana awiri, ndipo ngati kutentha kumapitirira kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo nthawi yachilimwe imachedwa, ndiye atatu. Nthawi zambiri, ana awiri kapena asanu ndi m'modzi amabadwa m'chipinda chodyera cha hazel. Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku 25, imafanana ndi nthawi yodyetsa ana. Zikuwoneka kuti sony amasamalira kwambiri ana ake, ngati amayi atafa mwadzidzidzi, ndiye kuti mayi wina amatha kulera ana ake. Potengera mitundu iyi ya makoswe, mkaziyo sanawonepo kudya ana ake.
Ngati kukuzizira komanso mvula nthawi yotentha, ndiye kuti abambo samathamangira kuyang'ana zazikazi kuti zikhale kukhwima, amakhalabe mumiyala yawo yoyandikana, ndiye kuti nyumba yopanda matumba a hazel sidzabala.
Monga chikhalidwe cha makoswe onse, makanda a Sonya amabadwa opanda thandizo komanso akhungu, palibe ubweya pa iwo. Pafupifupi patsiku la 18, ana amakhala ngati nyama zazikulu. Pazaka makumi anayi, makoswe ang'onoang'ono ali kale kudzipezera ufulu. Nthawi zina, pakubadwa kwa mkaziyo kumapeto kwa nthawi yozizira, nthawi yozizira isanayambe, makanda amakhalabe ndi mayi wawo nthawi yachisanu.
Achichepere akuyamba kukhwima pofika chaka chimodzi. M'malo achilengedwe, chilengedwe cha hazel chimakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo ali mu ukapolo amatha kukhala ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Kusiyana kumeneku kwa moyo chifukwa cha nyama zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'malo awo okhala nyengo yozizira, yozizira.
Adani achilengedwe a hazel dormouse
Chithunzi: Hazel Dormouse
Ngakhale kuti hazel dormouse ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ilibe adani achangu pakati pa nyama zina. Makamaka nyamayi, palibe imodzi mwa nyama zomwe zimasaka. Sonya akhoza kuwapeza mwangozi. Chifukwa chake makoswewo amathanso kukhala nyama ya kadzidzi, mphaka wamtchire, marten, nkhandwe, mbawala. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti nkhandwe kapena nkhwangwa yamtchire imabowola pakhomo kuti m dormouse ikhala, koma nyamayo imatha kupulumuka, chifukwa moushes ndi osamala komanso osamala.
Chirengedwe chinafika ndi njira yoyambirira yotetezera ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono iti, yomwe imakhala kuti khungu kuchokera kumchira wa Sonya limawuluka ndikusunga ngati wina agwira chiwalo ndi gawo lalitali la thupi lake. Zikatero, nyumba yoipa komanso yodonthayo imathawa mosavomerezeka kwa munthu wopanda nzeru. Zachidziwikire, ndiye kuti gawo la mchira, lomwe mulibe khungu, limafa ndipo pamapeto pake limasowa, koma makomawo amakhalabe ndi moyo.
Tsoka ilo, m'modzi mwa adani owopsa kwa chipinda chotentha cha hazel ndi munthu yemwe amawononga madera omwe amakhazikika, amadula nkhalango ndikulima minda. Moushes nawonso amawonongeka chifukwa cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo momwe anthu amapangira mbewu. Chifukwa chake moyo wa nyama zazing'onoting'ono komanso zosatetezeka zomwe zimakhala kuthengo sizophweka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Zinyama za Hazel dormouse
Asayansi awona kuti kuchuluka kwa nyumba zopangira ma hazel, okhala munthawi yachilengedwe, kwachilengedwe, kukutsika pang'onopang'ono chaka chilichonse, zomwe ndizowopsa kwambiri. Kuchita kotereku kumawonedwa kwambiri mchigawo chakumpoto komwe amakhala nyama yosangalatsayi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pamitundu yonse ya hazel dormouse siyambiri.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nyumba yopanda ma hazel sikufika pachimodzimodzi. Pakadali pano, mitundu iyi ya makoswe ili m'gulu la mitunduyi yomwe siliopseza malo okhala, koma m'ndandanda wamabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi makoswe ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
Milandu yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa nyumba zopangira ma hazel sizili zofanana kumadera onse, m'malo ena nyama imadziwika kuti ndi yotsogola ndipo yalembedwa mu Red Book. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira izi, koma izi zachitika m'dziko lathu, komwe makoswe ochepa ndi ochepa.
Zowonongeka zazikulu zaanthu zimayambitsidwa osati ndi anthu, komanso ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, yomwe si nyama iliyonse yomwe ingakhale ndi moyo. Pali umboni kuti pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya ma mbewa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mbewa samatha kufa nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndipo amafa nthawi yomweyo. Sizophweka kuti crumb yotere ikhale ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira.
Kutetezedwa kwa zipinda zapanja za hazel
Chithunzi: Hazel Sonia Red Book of Russia
Pa gawo la boma lathu, nyumba yopangira ma hazel ili ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri, chomwe chimapitilira kuchepa, kotero lingaliro laling'onoli limalembedwa mu Red Book la dziko lathu, limawonedwa ngati losowa. Izi zimachitika osati chifukwa choti anthu amawononga malo ambiri oponyera nyumba zanyumba, komanso chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, zomwe sizachilendo mdziko lathu, ndipo sizovuta kuti a drowsies azikhala ndi chisanu kwambiri.
Pali umboni kuti mu Russian Federation kuchuluka kwa hazel dormouse kuli pafupifupi atatu kapena anayi toyesa pa hekitala iliyonse yamalo.
Chipinda chochulukirapo cha Hazel chimakhala munyengo zachilengedwe m'chigawo cha Yaroslavl, mwachitsanzo, m'magulu azikhalidwe zomwe zimakhala mdera lino. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimakhala m'nyumba zam'makomo ndi m'nyumba zopikira mbalame, sizimalephera kucheza ndi anthu. Nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti wamaluwa amateur amatenga pang'ono tulo nthawi yachisanu.
Ambiri omwe amakonda nyama zokongola izi akufuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwawo pakukweza makoko kunyumba, ndikumasulanso mnyumba yogona alendo m'minda, m'nkhalango ndi m'mapaki. M'madera ena, dormouse imakhudzidwanso chifukwa anthu amathandizira pansi matenda ophera tizilombo, kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa zovulaza. Munthu ayenera kuganizira zakuti izi zimatsogolera ku kufa kwa tizirombo tosiyanasiyana, koma dormouse, yomwe imabweretsa zabwino, ndikuthandizira kufukula kwa mbewu zambiri.
Pomaliza, zikuwonjezeranso kuti dormouse yokhala ndi hazel ndiyochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri osatetezeka komanso osatetezeka, chifukwa chake, popanda thandizo laumunthu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi moyo, chifukwa nthawi zina chilengedwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri komanso chosasinthika. Ndipo ngati munthu safuna kuthandiza kakung'onoting'ono kameneka, ndiye kuti sizimavulaza tiana tating'onoting'ono timene timawoneka,
Zinyama zazing'onoting'onozi ndizongokhudza komanso kusirira, ndikuziyang'ana, ndikufuna kusamalira ndikuteteza zinyenyeswazi zofiira kwambiri, sikuti pachabe kuti ambiri amayamba ngati ziweto, chifukwa chipinda chotupa cha hazel okhala bwino kwambiri komanso osavuta kuwumba.
Zisa za Hazel
Nyama zimapanga zisa zabwino za kugona, zomwe zimapakidwa ndi moss, zokutira nkhuni, masamba, nthenga. Monga malo a "tsiku" Sony akhoza kukhala:
- wopanda kanthu,
- dzenje pansi pa mizu
- sintha pansi pa chitsa chakale
- chisa, chopendedwa popanda udzu, chokhazikitsidwa pamalo okwera 1-2 m,
- chisa cha mbalame, chopanda kanthu kapena chomwe pentolo chimathamangitsira eni ufulu.
Ngati Sonya sakanatha kupeza kapena kupanga nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe, sakanadandaula kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso za manja a anthu: kupindika mu tini yakale kapena tayala lamgalimoto lomwe linasiyidwa. Amatha kukhala m'nyumba yopanda mbalame, ndikukhala m'chipinda chapamwamba. Sony imodzi imatha kukhala ndi malo angapo a diary nthawi imodzi. Kwa hibernation, Sonya amange chisa chapadera nthawi yachisanu - pansi kapena pakati pa mizu yamitengo. Amayesa kuyimitsa momwe angathere ndik kutseka khomo.
Kuti zibereke ana, zazikazi zimapanga chisa chachikulu, poyesera kuyikhazikitsa kumtunda winawake kuchokera pansi. Ndiwosanjika ziwiri: chigamba chakunja chimapangidwa ndi masamba, ndipo "kapisozi" wamkati amapangidwa ndi zinthu zofewa kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka ndi Sonya - nthenga, pansi, udzu wosankhidwa.
Utali wamoyo
Sony sakhala kuthengo kwa nthawi yayitali, zaka 2-3. Monga chiweto, amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali, mpaka zaka 7-8. Cholinga chokhala moyo wamtchire sikuti ndiwopsezo konse, koma makamaka kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. Nyama zambiri zimazizira nthawi ya hibernation (mpaka 70% malinga ndi dera la Moscow).
Habitat, malo okhala
Sony sakonda kuyenda, kukhala gawo lawolawo, kudzipatula aliyense payekha. Akazi samaphwanya malire a zolembedwa zawo osakhala ndi gawo pafupifupi theka la hekitala, ndipo amuna amadzadula katundu wawo kupita kuderalo kawiri. Ndi nyama iliyonse, nyama zimakumana kwakanthawi kochepa, kokha nthawi yamasamba.
Pokukhazikika kwa mouslovki, amasankha malo okhala ndi zochulukirapo, makamaka hazel (chifukwa chake epithet "hazel" mu dzina Sonya). Mitengo ya rosehip, viburnum, phulusa lamapiri, mitengo yaying'ono ya oak, linden, phulusa ndi yabwino pamoyo wake. Anthu ogona amakhalanso m'minda ya zipatso, osawapweteka konse, m'malo mwake, amathandizira kuti mungu ukhale wabwino. Amakonda nkhalango zachilengedwe zochepa, pokhapokha ngati pali zotchingira zipatso zawo zomwe amakonda.
Malo okhala a Sony ndi ochulukirapo: Nyama zimakhala ku Europe konse, mpaka kum'mwera kwa Sweden ndi UK. Simupeza Sonya ku Spain ndi Portugal - kutentha kwambiri kwa iwo pa Iberia Peninsula. Gawo la Russia, sony amakhala munkhalango za Volga, Dnieper ndi Ciscaucasia.
Zakudya za Hazel
Chipinda chogona cha Hazel ndichilengedwe. Amadya mtedza, ma acorn, nthangala, ndichifukwa chake zipatso zimacha nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'malo mwake. M'masiku otentha oyambira masika, mouslovka sasamala kudya masamba ndi mphukira, ndipo nthawi yotentha adzadya zipatso zatsopano ndi zipatso mosangalala.
Ngati makoswe amatha kupeza mazira a mbalame kapena kugwira nyongolotsi, sangakane chakudya chama protein. Mtedza umagwiritsa ntchito chikondi chapadera cha nyamayo, yomwe dormouse idatchedwa dzina. Mano akuthwa amasiya mabowo otchuka mu chipolopolo. Pakudya, ogona, ngati gologolo, amasunga chakudya m'manja.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Nthawi yakukhwima ku Sonya imatha nyengo yotentha yonse pachaka. Munthawi imeneyi, mkazi amatha kubereka kawiri, nthawi yotentha yayitali - katatu kwa ana 2-6 mu zinyalala chimodzi. Kubala kumatenga masiku 22-25, ndiye nthawi yomweyo muyenera kudyetsa ana. Sonya ndi amayi osamalira, sizinadziwike kuti adadya ana awo. Ngati amayi amwalira, mchipinda china chogona chitha kudyetsa ana ake.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mnyengo yamvula ikakhala yozizira ndipo kumagwa mvula pafupipafupi, anyaniwa samapita kumadera achikazi kuti akakhwime, kusankha zisa zawo, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono sitibereka.
Monga makoswe onse, nyumba yaying'ono yogona pansi imabadwa yakhungu komanso yosathandiza. Pofika pafupifupi masiku 18 akuwoneka ngati makolo awo. Ali ndi zaka 40, amakhala okonzekera kudzilamulira. Koma zimachitika ngati zinyalala zachedwa ndipo ana okulirapo sanakhale ndi nthawi yopatukana, iwo nthawi yachisanu mumink yomweyo ndi amayi awo. M'nyengo yawo yoyamba yachilimwe, nyama zazing'ono sizitha kubereka, chifukwa muyenera nthawi yozizira, popeza zafika zaka chimodzi.
Sakani
Giredi: Amayi (MAMMALIA)
Gulu: RODENTS (RODENTIA)
Banja: SONY (MYOXIDAE)
Onani: | ZINSINSI kapena HORSE DrOP MUSCARDINUS AVELLANARIUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) ARESHNika SONIA |
Kufunika Kwapadziko Lonse:
Mitunduyi imaphatikizidwa ndi Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN (LR / nt, ver. 2.3, 1994), Appendix III ya Berne Convention.
Kufotokozera:
Mtundu umodzi wocheperako wa nyama zapadziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa thupi kupitilira 90 mm, mchira - 80 mm. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu payekha kumafikira 40 g, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa. Ubweya kumbuyo ndi mbali zake ndi mtundu wopanda pake wachikasu. Pamwamba pa mchira, womwe ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya nyumba yaku Europe, uli ndi utoto womwewo. Mimba ndiyopepuka, yamchenga wachikasu. Mutu wopanda mawonekedwe amdima mbali. Makutu ndi afupi, ozungulira. Hazel dormouse ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yapadera kwambiri pabanja lawo. Izi zimawonetsedwa makamaka pakupanga miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe imakhala yotalikirapo kuposa miyendo ina yogona, komanso yosinthika bwino kukwera mitengo. Chala chamkati pa iwo chimakhala chochepetsedwa, nthawi zambiri popanda bulawu, pomwe zala zina, zonse kumbuyo ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, ndizitali. Nthenga zakumbuyo zakunja ndi zamkati pamapazi ndizazikulu, zofanana kukula kwake.
Kugawa:
Hazel dormouse ndizofala muzambiri zake. Kugawidwa kwambiri kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Europe, mpaka kumadzulo kumpoto kwa Pyrenees ndi kumwera kwa Great Britain. Imapezeka paliponse pakatikati pa Europe, ku Ukraine, ku Latvia ndi Lithuania. Malire akum'mawa a madutsowa amadutsa m'chigwa cha Volga ndi Middle Don. Belarus ndi gawo la kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa magawo. Mitunduyi imapezeka m'dziko lonselo, koma zopezeka zambiri zimakhala kum'mwera kwake. Nyumba ya Hazel idawonedwa mu National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" (1950-80s), Luninetsky (1956, 1970, 1972), Stolin (1980s, 2001) ndi Baranovichi (2000) zigawo za Brest. , malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Pripyatsky (1990s), ku Petrikovsky (1953) ndi zigawo za Zhitkovichi za dera la Gomel, Stolbtsovsky (1982), Myadelsky (1974) ndi Minsk (1999) zigawo za Minsk, Novogrudsky chigawo cha Grodno dera (1996), Vitebsk (1916) ndi zigawo za Gorodok (1999) za dera la Vitebsk.
Habitat:
Mushlovka amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zowuma, zosakanikirana pang'ono, zokhala ndi mitengo yopanda kuchokera ku hazel ndi mitengo ina yolimba, yomwe imagwira ntchito monga yolepheretsa kugawa kwake kumpoto kwa Belarus. Zokonda zimaperekedwa m'malo okhala nkhwangwa pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwake komanso mawonekedwe odutsa, komanso misewu ndi misewu. Mtunduwu, mosiyana ndi nyumba yathu yonse yopanda tchuthi, siziwona chidwi chokha pakusokoneza malo okhala m'nkhalango, koma zimadalira kwambiri pakupangika kwa malo.
Biology:
Hazel wodwala mutu amagwira ntchito madzulo komanso usiku. Mu kasupe, pambuyo hibernation, ndipo m'dzinja, pokonzekera izo, nthawi zina zimachoka chisa nthawi yamasana. Monga lamulo, malo otetezedwa a chilimwe ndi zisa zozungulira zopangidwa ndi nyama m'mafoloko a nthambi zamitengo ndi zitsamba 1-2 mita pamwamba pa nthaka. Osati nthawi zambiri, zisa zimakhala pansi, kapena m'maenje a mitengo ndi zitsa, zisa za mbalame zazing'ono. Hazel dormouse amapanga nyengo yozizira pansi pa mizu ya mitengo ndi zitsamba, m'mizere mobisika. Nthawi zina nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito zisa za mitengo komanso zisa zokumba nthawi yachisanu. Zisa za nyengo yozizira, mosiyana ndi zazilimwe, zimakhala ndi inshuwaransi. Mouslovka makamaka ndi mtundu wa herbivorous womwe umagwiritsa ntchito nyama chokha nyengo zina. Maziko a zakudya ndi nthangala, zipatso ndi zipatso, ma hazelnuts, acorns, mochepera - masamba azomera. Zakudya za nyama - tizilombo tambiri, mazira ndi anapiye a mbalame zazing'ono. Hazel dormouse imatha kupanga nkhokwe zosungirako za acorns ndi mtedza, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potuluka hibernation. Kubwezera kumayambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala - kuyambira Okutobala, kumapeto - pakati pa Epulo. Nyama zimayamba kubereka zitangophuka masika. Matching amapezeka theka lachiwiri la Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Mimba imatenga masiku 18-24. Pansi pa Belarus, nyumba ya hazel, munyengo yabwino, nyengo yanyumba ndi chakudya, ikhoza kukhala ndi nyambo yachiwiri mu theka lachiwiri la Julayi. Kukula kwa ana ndi 3-6 cubs. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zazikazi pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, koma ngati zimasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza, zimasiya ana masiku 30-45 atabadwa. Nthawi zambiri nyengo yachinyamata imakhala yozizira ndi amayi awo. Hazel dormouse amafikira kukhwima pa 10-11 mwezi wa moyo. Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 3-4. Adani akuluakulu a hazel dormouse ndi marten, ermine, weasel, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kadzidzi. Nthawi yachisanu, nyama zogona zimatha kupezeka ndi kudyedwa ndi nkhandwe. Mbewa yaying'ono yokhala ndi khosi, yomwe imakhala chofanana ndi chilengedwe, imadya chipinda chaching'ono chaching'ono. Chipinda chamnyumba cha Hazel ku Belarus chilibe phindu lililonse pazachuma cha anthu.
Kuchuluka ndi momwe masinthidwe ake:
Chifukwa cha kufera kwamphamvu kwa nyama mchaka cha 1 cha moyo, palibe kusinthasintha kowopsa kwa ziwerengero. Palibe chidziwitso chambiri pa chiwerengerocho ndi kusintha kwake kwa zaka m'gawo la Belarus.
Zowopsa zazikulu:
Kuchepetsa malo osakazidwa m'nkhalango, kuwononga mitsinje ing'onoing'ono m'nthawi yothirira komanso kukhetsa madera, kubwezeretsa nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi malo osakanikirana ndi zochitika za m'nkhalango chifukwa cha zochitika m'nkhalango, mpikisano ndi mitundu ina ya nyama ndi mbalame kuti ziziswana.
Njira zachitetezo:
Yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu Red Book of Belarus kuyambira 1993. M'pofunika kuti pakhale malo osungirako apadera omwe anthu okhala komweko amakhala. Kuletsa kudula kotsimikizika, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi popachika mabowo ndi zisa zokumba, zitha kuthandiza kuteteza nyamazo.
Wolemba:
Wolemba: Kashtalyan A.P.
Kodi amakhala kuti?
Zimachitika pafupifupi ku Europe, kupatula gawo lakumwera chakumadzulo - Spain ndi Portugal. Kulikonse komwe ndikosowa, pa hekitala imodzi palibe nyama zoposa 4. Pa gawo la Russia ndi m'malire a kum'mawa kwa mitundu yosanja ya hazel. Apa adagawidwa kuchokera ku dera la Kaliningrad kupita kudera la Volga, komanso amapanga anthu wamba ku Caucasus.
Malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri chipinda chopanda cha hazel ndizopezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi mitengo ya hazel, oak, alder ndi mitengo ina yabwino. Komabe, m'malo ena osiyanasiyana, amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, pomwe ena amangosankha. Chofunikira chachikulu ndicho kukhalapo kwa mitengo yopanda pake yothandiza zisa. Ngati dzenje lachilengedwe kapena malo okumbikirana ndi munthu, Hazel akugona amakhala olimba kuti atulutse anthu omwe akukolola (wagudumu kapena kuyambiranso) ndikukhazikika.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Ngati sichoncho mchira wofiyira, wokongoletsedwa ndi burashi, matumba a hazel atha kukhala cholakwika ndi mbewa. Chipinda chogona cha Hazel chili ndi malo ogona. Amamuthandiza kukwera tchire ndikupita kukafunafuna chakudya pamtunda wowonda kwambiri. Kulemera pang'ono - pafupifupi 25 g ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 15 masentimita kumakupatsani mwayi wokwera tsinde. Mtundu wa tsitsi lalitali kwambiri la nyamayi ndi wofiyira: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama imatha kusintha pang'ono pafupifupi chikaso mpaka kutuwa. Kumbali yam'mimba, chovalacho ndi choyera. Vibrissas amafikira hafu ya thupi la Sonya ndipo amakhala akuyenda, kufunafuna malo kutsogolo kwa nyamayo.
Kutetezedwa
M'nyengo yozizira, Sonya amagwera nthawi yayitali, akudzuka mu Epulo kapena Meyi. Mukugwa, pamaso pa hibernation, ogona amadya kwambiri. Ofukula za chilengedwe akadatsutsanabe ngati ogona amasungira chakudya nthawi yachisanu. Mwachidziwikire, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe nyamayo imakhalamo, komanso nyengo yamaderawo. Kwa hibernation, amasuntha kuchokera ku zisa kumabisala mobisa, nthawi zambiri amakhala mabowo opanda makoko ena.
Zisa za nyengo yozizira zimasungidwa ndi zinyalala za udzu wouma, mbewa, nthenga, ubweya. Panthawi yovutikira, kutentha kwa Sonya kumatsikira ku 0,0-0.5 ° C (pa kutentha kwa thupi kwa nyama 34- 34 ° C), kupuma komanso kugunda kwa mtima kumakhala kosatheka.
Sonya isnashikaya
Madera onse a Belarus.
Dera la Brest - Baranavichy, Brest, Ivatsevichi, Kamenetsky, Kobrinsky, Luninetsky, Pinsky, Pruzhansky, zigawo za Stolin
Dera la Vitebsk - Vitebsk, zigawo za Gorodok
Dera la Gomel - Zhitkovichsky, zigawo za Petrikovsky
Dera la Grodno - Novogrudok, zigawo za Svisloch
Dera la Minsk - Vileysky, Myadelsky, Pukhovichsky, zigawo za Stolbtsovsky
Banja Soniaceae (Myoxidae).
Zikupezeka zimadziwika m'mbali zonse za republic. Sonya hazel kapena mouslovka ku Belarus ndi mtundu wachilendo womwe umakhala kwambiri kum'mwera ndi pakati, komwe umapezeka kwambiri, koma chifukwa chobisalira umapangitsa kuti zizioneka zachilendo. Mpaka posachedwa, idawerengedwa ngati mtundu wocheperako. Zachilendo, m'malo ena ambiri a Brest Polesie ndi mitundu ya eurytopic kwambiri ya Sonia m'derali. Magulu ongobala okhazikika akhazikitsidwa mu mitundu 23 ya nkhalango. Chiwerengero chonse cha madera a Brest ndi okwana 150. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha nkhalango m'magawo osiyanasiyana a Polesie (Zenina ndi Moroz, 1998, Demyanchik, 2000). Zotsalira zambiri zosayembekezeka za mafupa a hazel dormouse zidapezeka mu nkhani za owls zigawo za Brest ndi Grodno (Demyanchik, 1999).
Wamng'ono kwambiri wamakutu athu ogona. Kutalika kwa thupi 5.8-8.8 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira 5.5-7.5 cm, mapazi 1.5-1.85 masentimita, khutu 1.1-1.2 cm, kulemera kwa thupi 15-23 (mpaka 40 d). Thupi limakhala losalala, mutu umakhala wozungulira, makutu ndi waufupi, maso ndi akulu, opindika.
Chovala cha ubweya chimakhala chachifupi, chofewa, komanso chowonda. Mtundu wa dorsal mbali ndiwofewa, chamkati ndi choyera, chifuwa ndi mmero ndi loyera. Mchirawo umakhala wakuda pang'ono kuposa msana.
Kuyambira m'nkhalango ndi malo ogona maluwa chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusapezeka kwa malo akuda m'mbali mwa mutu, kuchokera kumalo amtundu wa Sonya m'miyeso yaying'ono, kuchokera ku mbewa zomwe zimakhala pakatikati pa mchira.
Chimakhala munkhalango zamitundu mitundu. Imakonda masamba otambalala (makamaka thundu) komanso nkhalango zosakanikirana (birch-aspen) yokhala ndi dothi lokonzekera bwino lomwe lomwe lili ndi hazel, msondodzi, chitsamba cham'madzi, linden, mapulo ndi zipatso zazing'onozing'ono.
Zisa zokhala ndi zisa, komanso zisa zomwe zimamangidwa kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yophukira, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: chigoba cha mitengo yamitengo ndi zitsamba ndi mkati mwake wopangika mbali zina za chimanga kapena matope. Mkati mwa chisa muli linga ndi masamba fluff. Chipinda chogona cha Hazel chimakhala m'mabowo, mwakufuna kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito malo okumba, chitha kuphatikiza zisa zake ku nthambi za mitengo ndi zitsamba. Makola azinyama ali amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera cholinga chawo. Zipinda zokhala ndi zokongoletsa, zomwe nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yozizira, zimamangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana (masamba a herbaceous, masamba owuma, moss, ndi zina) ndipo zimakhala pansi kapena mobisa. Malo osungira chilimwe a Sonya ali osiyanasiyana pamapangidwe awo ndi zomangira. Itha kukhala zisa zotseguka zomwe zimapezeka mu mafoloko a nthambi zamitengo ndi mitengo, kapena zisa zotsekemera nthambi. Zomera zimatha kukhala zopindika, zowonda kapena zina zomwe zimapangidwa kokha kuchokera masamba a mitengo kapena zitsamba za herbaceous. Pofikira, makungwa amtundu wa masamba owoneka bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito zisa zakale komanso zolembera za mbalame ndi nyama.
Hazel dormouse imagwira ntchito madzulo komanso usiku. Akuluakulu, makamaka akazi okalamba, amakhala malo awo okhala. Magawo achikazi nthawi zambiri samadutsana. Ana ambiri, makamaka nyambo yoyamba, m'dzinja loyamba la miyoyo yawo amasamukira patali pafupifupi 1 km. Nyama zambiri zazing'ono zimangokhala m'malo obadwira, makamaka iwo obadwa theka lachiphiri. Nyumba yogona ma hazel ya amuna pa nthawi ya kubereka ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa zazikazi. Malo awo amakhazikika ndi akazi. Achinyamata okhazikika, kufikira chaka chimodzi, amapeza malo aulere ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wongokhala.
Sony imatulutsa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya ma sign acoustic (azungu) omwe amakhala ndi zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana zomwe ndizofunikira pakubereka, kupulumutsidwa kwa adani, zakudya, etc.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za mzipinda za hazel ndizosiyanasiyana, zimaphatikizapo mbewu zosiyanasiyana, zipatso zawo ndi mbewu. Nyamayi imakonda ma hazelnuts, ma acorn, ma buluu, sitiroberi, rasipiberi, mabulosi akuda, lingonberries, ndi zina zotero. Mu nthawi ya masika zimatha kuwononga makungwa pamipanda ya achinyamata (a zaka 10-15). Nthawi zina amadya tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Pakutha kwa chilimwe - chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira, sony imadziunjikira mafuta ochulukirachulukira, chifukwa omwe unyinji wawo umachuluka ndi 50-80%, nthawi zina imachulukanso.
Ndi nyengo yozizira, nyama zimagona, nthawi ndi nthawi zomwe zimadalira chilengedwe. Madzulo a hibernation, dormouse sony amasiya zisa zawo zakunja ndikukhala m'malo otetezeka: m'mizu yamitengo yamitengo, pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu, zina. Nyamazo zimakhala kwambiri thermophilic mosiyana ndi nyumba zina zapanja ngakhale mu nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe kutentha kukatsika mpaka 10 ° C. amatha kusamba kwa masiku angapo. Pa hibernation yakuya, kutentha kwa thupi kwa hazel dormouse kumatsika mpaka 0.5-1 ° C.
Pafupifupi, kuyambika kwa hibernation ndiko kutha kwa Seputembala - kuyambira kwa Okutobala, kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi.
Atangodzuka, chipinda cha hazel chimayamba kubereka. Amuna akulu amadzuka woyamba, patapita nthawi (masiku 7-10) achikazi. Si akazi onse obwereza, makamaka owotcha achiwiri, omwe amatenga nawo mbali kuswana.
Nthawi zazitali za kubzala kwa hazel dormouse ku Belarus zili mu Meyi - Ogasiti. M'zaka zabwino, nthawi yobzala imatha kupitilira September. Munthawi imeneyi, wamkazi amabweretsa 1-2, nthawi zambiri malita awiri a 1-7 (nthawi zambiri 4-5) a ana aliwonse. Kutalika kwa pakati ndi masiku 22-25, mkaka wa masiku 27-27. Achichepere amabadwa amaliseche, akhungu, opanda thandizo ndipo amafuna chisamaliro cha amayi, omwe amadyetsa ndi kusambitsa ana ake. Pakutha kwa masiku 10 oyambirira amoyo, thupi la analo limaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi la ana, auricle amapangidwa. Ali ndi zaka 20 mpaka 20, kukula kwachichepere kumakwera nthambi zabwino, zikafuna ngozi, ana amatuluka chisa ndikubisala. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, amayesetsa kudya okha, kusiya chakudya ndi amayi awo. Pambuyo pa masiku 35 mpaka 40, mabanja a Hazel dormouse amathetsa, achichepere amafikira kulemera kwa 10-13 g ndikukhala moyo wodziimira pawokha. Ana obadwa kachiwiri, omwe amapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe - koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira, nthawi zambiri amasiya amayi awo kukazizira nthawi yachisanu. Mitu ya kugona tating'ono ndiyotengera kwambiri, mayendedwe awo ndi akuthwa kuposa achikulire.
Pazaka ziwiri zokha, anthu ena amakhala ogonana.
Mphamvu zakuchipinda munyumba yayitali ku Belarus siziphunziridwa bwino.
Palibe kuswana kwazaka komwe kunadziwika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusinthasintha pang'ono pamanambala pazaka. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthawi ya hibernation komanso nthawi ya masika, ambiri obadwa ndi gawo lalikulu la nyama zazikulu amafa, zomwe zimachepetsa kubereka kwa anthu ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka.
Chipinda chosanja cha Hazel chili ndi adani achilengedwe ochepa. Itha kukhala chiphaso cha chikondi, ermine, pine marten ndi nyama zina zolusa. Ectoparasites amabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwa nyama, pomwe utitiri umakhala woyamba.
Wolemba Red Book of Russia
Hazel dormouse, kapena mouslovka, adalembedwa m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red, m'dera la Russian Federation, mu Red Book yamagawo angapo, makamaka, Moscow ndi Bryansk. Cholinga chakuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha makoswewo ndikuwonongeka kwa malo osungirako malo osungirako nyama ndi malo osungira, ndipo m'malo ena chithandizochi chitha kuperewera ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda pofuna kuthana ndi nkhusu ya ixodid.
Gulu
Ufumu: Nyama (Animalia).
Mtundu: Chordates (Chordata).
Giredi: Mammals (Mammalia).
Gulu: Makoswe (Rodentia).
Banja: Sonia (Gliridae kapena Myoxidae).
Jenda: Sony Hazel (Muscardinus).
Onani: Hazel Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius).
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za m'zipinda za hazel dorm zimakhala makamaka zamtundu wa mitengo ndi shrub mitundu (mtedza, ma acorn, chestnut, beech, mtedza wa linden) ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri cha Hazelnuts ndi mtedza wa Hazel. Kumayambiriro koyambira, nyamayi imagwiritsa ntchito mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba chakudya. Malinga ndi zofalitsa zina, palibe chakudya chazakudya m'zakudya zake, malinga ndi ena amakhulupirira kuti hazel dormouse imagwiritsa ntchito ang'onoang'ono, mabwinja amapondera mazira. Sonia amapewa zakudya zopezeka m'mapadi ambiri chifukwa akusowa [ tchulani ] cecum pomwe cellulose imakumbwa.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Nyumba yogona Hazel idatulukira mu April-Meyi. Izi ndi nyama zokhazokha zomwe sizifuna kulankhulana, chokhacho ndizoyambitsa kubereka, zomwe zimachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala. Nyengo, wamkazi amabweretsa ma litre 1-2 a ana 2-8 aliyense, pakazaka ena mpaka ana 3. Atakwatirana, mkaziyo amapanga zisa za ana, zomwe zimakhala ndi tsamba la masamba akunja komanso kapu wamkati mwa zofowoka - udzu woponderezedwa, nthenga za mbalame, ubweya. Mimba imatenga masiku 22-25, mkaka wa m`mawere - masiku 27-30. Cuba amabadwa akhungu, onani masiku 18 mpaka 19. Pofika nthawi ino, ali otukuka, mnyumba yaying'ono mwachangu ndiwofulumira kwambiri kuposa akulu. Amayamba kukhazikika ali ndi zaka 35 zakubadwa. Ana ang'onoang'ono amayambitsidwa ndi amayi awo ndipo amakhala chaka chotsatira. Hazel dormouse amafika pakukhwima pofika miyezi 11 mpaka 12, motero amayamba kubereka pokhazikika nyengo yachisanu yoyamba.
Hibernation imayamba mu Okutobala, kapena m'mbuyomu - ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsikira + 15 ° C. Ngakhale kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yotentha, kutentha kumatsika, nyumba yogona pansi imatha kukhala dzanzi kwa masiku angapo ndikugona mu zisa zawo, yopindika mu mpira wamiyendo yamiyendo. Asanakhale hibernation, ogona amadya kwambiri, koma satenga chakudya nthawi yachisanu. Kuti akhale hibernation, amasuntha kuchokera kumisasa pamwamba pa malo obisika, nthawi zambiri amakhala mabowo opanda makoko ena. Zisa za nyengo yozizira zimakhala ndi zinyalala za udzu wouma, mbewa, nthenga, ubweya. Panthawi yozizira, kutentha kwa thupi kwa Sonya kumatsika mpaka 0,25-0,5 ° C (pa kutentha kwapakati pa 34-36 ° C).
Kufa kwa nyama nthawi yayitali kumafika 70% (dera la Moscow). Nthawi yayitali yoyembekeza kukhala kuchipinda cha hazel ndi zaka zitatu, nthawi zambiri nyama zimakhala zaka 2-2,5, ali mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 6. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso ntchito zawo pamakona akuthwa amitengo ndi tchire, hazel mpanda satengako mbali yayikulu m'kudya kwa adani. Amatha kukhala chakudya mwangozi za kadzidzi, masoka, miyala, miyala ndi mitengo ya m'nkhalango, ndi amphaka a m'nkhalango. M'nyengo yozizira, zobiriwira zosazizira ndi zisa zitha kukumbidwa ndi nkhandwe ndi nkhumba zakuthengo.
Chiwerengero
M'dera laling'ono, lomwe limakhala mbali yakum'mawa kwa nyumba zambiri za chipinda cha hazel, nyamazo zimagawidwa mowonjezereka osati zochulukirapo. Dera la Russia, kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'nyumba yonyumba ya hazel sikunapose anthu 3.9 pa hekitala imodzi.
Mwa mitundu yonse ya dormouse okhala ku Europe ku Russia, hazel dormouse ndiyabwino kwambiri kukonza nyumba. Nyama zoterezi zimasungidwa mosavuta ndipo zimatha kubweretsa ana muukapolo.