Haplochromis multicolor ndi nsomba yaku Africa, ili ponseponse m'madzi a East Africa komanso m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Nile .Aanthu akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 8. M'malo oyambira azungu ku Europe, Haplochromis multicolor adawoneka koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Popita nthawi, misonkho yake idasintha zambiri, ndipo m'mabuku apadera idatchulidwa m'mawu osiyanasiyana: Paratilapia multicolor, Haplochromis multicolor, Hemihaplochromis multicolor.
Haplochromis multicolor mwachilengedwe ndi nsomba yokonda mtendere, ndi yoyenera kusungidwa m'malo am'madzi ambiri. Kuphatikiza pa nthawi yowundula, imakhutira ndi madzi kutentha kwa firiji, i.e. 20-22 ° C. Haplochromis multicolor ndi nsomba yokongoletsa, chifukwa chake amadyetsedwa makamaka ndi chakudya chamoyo. Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umakhala ndi gawo lalikulu ndipo umagawidwa pagawo lalikulu, chifukwa chake haplochromis multicolor amaphatikiza ma ecotypes angapo omwe ali ndi mitundu ndi kukula kwake. Amuna amakhala ndi chovala chowoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe awo abwino amakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga amtundu umodzi kapena zingapo omwe amafanana ndi mazira. Mwa akazi achikuda modzitukumula, malo oterewa sadziwika kwenikweni kapena sapezeka.
Zoweta, gulu losankhidwa la opanga limayikidwa mu 50-100 lita imodzi. Madzi amatha kutengedwa ndi madzi apampopi osagwirizana ndi pH 7.0 ndipo matenthedwe ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 26 ° C. Ngati malo oyang'anirawa ndi akulu mokwanira ndipo mumakhala malo okhalamo okwanira, amuna ambiri amatha kuyimitsidwa palimodzi, koma kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa akazi pamlingo wamwamuna mmodzi pa 3 -4 zazikazi. Amphongo nthawi yamasamba amakonza maenje mumchenga, pomwe mazira amadzayikira mazira. Pomwe mulibe mchenga, amakhala okhutira ndi gawo lolimba kapena chubu.
Amphongo amatuluka ndi akazi angapo, chifukwa nthawi yomwe amatulutsa sakhala awiriawiri, wamkazi amasamalira mazira ndi mwachangu. Mazira amtundu wa lalanje, akangotulutsa ndi umuna ndi umuna, amatengedwa ndi mkaziyo mkamwa mwake ndikuyika gawo lapadera la laryngeal. Chikwama ichi ndi chachikulu kwambiri kotero kuti chimatha kukhala ndi mazira pafupifupi 100 kuti chisefukire.
Akangotuluka, wamkazi amachotsedwera kumalo osungirako, koma amathanso kudzipatula pogwiritsa ntchito chotengera chomwe chili ndi malita 6-10. Akazi amasamutsidwa limodzi ndi machubu momwe anathawira atatulutsa, kukhala osamala kwambiri. Kukula kwa mazira kumatenga masiku 10-12, pambuyo pake mwachangu mamilimita 6 kuchokera mkamwa mwa mkazi, yemwe amakhala masiku angapo pothawirako mkati mwa ngozi ndi usiku. Pakadutsa masiku ena, mphutsi zimasanduka mwachangu kenako zazikazi ndibwino kubzala. Young Haplochromis multicolor imadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chochepa (zooplankton). Mwambiri, kulima mwachangu sikubweretsa mavuto.
Kufotokozera
Aulonokara multicolor ali ndi mawonekedwe akunja awa:
- utoto wamitundu mitundu (thupi la chikasu lalanje, wokutidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtambo wamtambo wabuluu),
- thupi lokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino mbali
- kupezeka kwa chidutswa chachikulu chakumaso kumbuyo,
- kutalika kwa thupi kufika 15 cm.
Akatswiri osaphunzira am'madzi amadabwa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe amakhala. M'mikhalidwe yopangidwa moyenera, moyo wawo wamtsogolo umatha kufika zaka 8.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Wofotokozedwayo amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa ku Africa Akar. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti sizimachitika mwachilengedwe. Cichlid ndi zotsatira zosankhidwa mosamala. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe chilichonse chokhudza momwe nsomba zimakhalira mwachilengedwe.
Nsomba za Aquarium ndizolengedwa zokongola kwambiri. Kuti asadwale, amakula molondola, kuchulukitsa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zinthu zofunika pokonzekera ma aquarium. Magawo a madzi azikhala motere:
- kutentha - 24-27 ° C,
- kukhwimitsa - kuyambira magawo 8 mpaka 16,
- acidity (pH) - kuyambira 7 mpaka 8 mayunitsi.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti madzi ayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse. Pachifukwachi, asitikali am'madzi amalimbikitsa kukonza tangi ya nsomba ndi zosefera ndipo ngakhale compressor kuti ziweto zizikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Osachepera kotala la madzi amafunika kusintha sabata. Kuchuluka kwa thanki imodzi ya nsomba imodzi sikuyenera kukhala ochepera 80 malita, chabwino, ngati alipo 5-6 a iwo, osachepera 200 malita.
Ma michere sakonda kuyatsa kowala, chifukwa chake ndibwino kugula magetsi omwe amapereka kuwala. Njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira dothi ndi miyala yosalala, mchenga wowuma, womwe umakhala wosachepera 5 cm. Ena amakonda zinyalala zopangidwa ndi miyala ya korali. Ponena za kuyika kwa mbewu, siziyenera kupezekamo.
Nthawi zambiri aulonokara amakonda malo, malo ambiri aulere. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa mbewu zochepa monga anubias, echinodorus, nymphaeum sikutilepheretsa. Sipayenera kukhala zinthu zambiri zokongoletsa mu aquarium. Ndi zofunika kuti nsomba isagone mokwanira ndi mbewu, zokongoletsera za gawo lapansi. Chifukwa chake adzatha kuyenda momasuka mozungulira malo am'madzi.
Kugwirizana ndi machitidwe
Aulonokara ndiwachilengedwe mwamtendere, chifukwa chake machitidwe ake kwa mitundu ina ya nsomba siosautsa. Komabe, pali mitundu ina ya anthu omwe ndi bwino kuti asadzadziunjike mu thanki limodzi. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- pseudotrophyus demasoni,
- haplochromis tirigu wamaluwa,
- pseudotrophheus pawnshop,
- melanochromis auratos,
- ma cichlids a Nyanja ya Tanganyika.
Kuphatikiza apo, sikofunikira kuti mudzutse munthu wofotokozedwayo ndi mitundu yotsutsana-mitundu. Aulonocars amangovutika ndi oyandikana nawo. Kuyanjana bwino kwa anthu kumawonedwa ndi:
- nsomba zamtchire (Antsistruses),
- labidochromeis chikasu,
- Copadichromis "Cadango",
- kuyambika
- dolphin wabuluu.
Posankha oyandikana nawo aulonocare, ndikofunikira kuganizira zovuta zomwe angapangire zakudya kunyumba, komanso zovuta kukonza komanso chisamaliro.
Kudyetsa
Ndizodziwika kuti anthu omwe amawanenedwawa sakonda kudya. Chakudya choyenera aliyense, pang'onopang'ono komanso mwa mafunde. Anthu samadana ndi chakudya "chamoyo", mwachitsanzo, ma cyclops, artemia, ndi corvette. Mitsempha yamagazi imayenera kuperekedwa moyenera. Othandizira am'madzi amalimbikitsa kupatsa mwayi kuti azikonda kukonda zakudya zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa carotenoids, chifukwa izi zithandizira kukonza mithunzi yofiira pa nsomba.
Olera ena acichlid amalimbikitsa kudzipangira chakudya. Kuti mukhale kunyumba, mudzafunika zotsatirazi:
- nyama ya squid yaiwisi (mamisaye, shrimp),
- Masamba owoneka bwino
- sipinachi yonyansa, dzungu kapena zukini,
- marigold petals (ogulitsidwa ku pharmacy),
- safironi,
- paprika.
Zonsezi ndizapansi komanso zosakanikirana. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupatsanso unyinji wopitilira kawiri pa tsiku kuti mupewe kuwononga ziweto zam'madzi. Kudyetsa aulonokara kumaphatikizapo kusinthana kwa mitundu ingapo ya chakudya.
Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
Asodzi odziwa zambiri am'madzi amadzifunsa momwe angadziwire kugonana kwa nsomba zomwe adapeza. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa anthu ndi kutsutsana ndi mtundu. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala owala kuposa akazi. Thupi la omaliza limakhala ndimtambo wamakutu, chifukwa chomwe nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi ena oimira banja la cichl.
Kuswana ndi kuswana
Kuweta nsomba kumatha ku kawiri ponseponse komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kuti mwamunayo azunguliridwa ndi "atsikana" angapo, ndipo malo ake anali malo ambiri pogona. Izi sizofunikira kuti nsombayo ikhoza "kupuma", koma kuti mkaziyo angabisike kuchokera pachibwenzi chamunayo, ngati sanakonzekere.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kusamalira kuti wamphongo awona malo otseguka gawo lapansi, pomwe amakonzera dzenje kuti atuluke. Miyala yolimba ndiyofunikanso pazolinga izi. Kuti nsomba zizichita bwino, kutentha kwa madziwo kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 30 ° C. Wamkazi, yemwe adagwirizana ndi chibwenzi champhongo, ayenera kuyikira mazira mu dzenje lomwe adapanga. Kenako "abambo" am'tsogolo amunyamula.
Wamkazi amatenga mazira okhathamira mkamwa mwake, momwe amawasungira kwa milungu itatu. Chifukwa chake, ma aulonocars amateteza ana kuti asadye ndi nsomba zina.
Matenda, kupewa kwawo
Omwe akufotokozedwa a banja la a Tsykhlov alibe matenda omwe amakhala nawo. Kuti matenda athe kudutsa nsomba, ndikofunikira kuwapatsa malo okhala. Uku ndiko kupewa kwawo.
Aulonokara multicolor ndi nsomba yokongola, yosadziwika yam'madzi, yomwe imatsimikizira kufotokozera kwake. Asodzi odziwa zachilengedwe samayenera kuyiyambitsa, chifukwa amafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Komabe, ngati munthu ali ndi chidaliro mu luso lawo, mutha kutenga mwayi. Chachikulu ndikuwapatsa nsombazo malo okhala komanso chakudya.
Zochitika
Nsomba zonse za banja la cichlid zimafuna malo akuluakulu okhala m'madzi kuti akhalepo momasuka, ndipo multicolor aulonocar sichoncho. Asodzi ochepa a 80l pa nsomba zingapo, ndipo kukula kwa gulu, ndizochulukirapo zomwe amafunikira kuti akhale. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge nsomba izi mgulu la anthu 6-10 okhala ndi azimayi ambiri, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sizisintha malita osachepera 200. Ngati pali oyandikana nawo ochokera ku mitundu ina, ndikofunikira kupeza tank yokhala ndi malita 300 kapena kupitilira apo.
Chofunikira pa thanzi la aulonocar multicolor cichlids ndichinthu choyera komanso chatsopano cha madzi. Kuti mukhale ndi madzi oyenera, mudzafunika ndi fayilo yakunja yamphamvu, komanso kutengera kuchuluka kwa aquarium ndi compressor. Magawo a madzi a Optimum: kutentha - 24-27 ° С, kuuma - kuchokera 8 ° dH ndi apamwamba, acidity - 7-8рН.
Mchenga wopepuka kapena miyala yabwino kwambiri ndi yabwino ngati dothi; tchipisi ta coral titha kukhala yankho labwino kwambiri. Kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa mbewu sikuchita gawo lapadera, kuchuluka kwake kwapamwamba kumawerengedwa ngati njira yabwino yothetsera (monga njira - echinodorus, anubias, nymphaeum). Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo ambiri okhalamo, koma chisamaliro chikuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pali malo opanda dothi kapena miyala yosalala (ngati mukufuna kusodza nsomba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito malo ena).
Kuwala ndizotheka chilichonse, kuyatsa kosiyanitsa kapena nyali zomwe zimakhala ndi matalala ndizabwino.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Mukamasankha oyandikana nawo aulonokar multicolor ndibwino kuyang'ana nsomba zamtendere zofanana zomwezo. Nthawi zambiri, zokhudzana ndi nyama zimasankhidwa ngati ma cohabitants - labidochromeis chikasu, Copadichromis "Cadango, blue bluu, dolphin ya buluu, pali zosiyana pakusunga catfish ndi othandizira.
Mitundu ina ya pseudotrophaeus imatha kukhala oyandikana nawo ochepera, chifukwa amadzagwirizana, koma pakakhala zovuta pakudya. Aulonokaras amafunika masamba osakanikirana + omwe amaphatikiza masamba, pomwe ma pseudotrophies amangofunika chakudya chokhacho chokhacho, apo ayi amakhala ndi zovuta zakudya.
Ndizosatheka kukhala ndi aulonocar okhala ndi mitundu monga pseudotrophyus demasoni, chimanga cha mpunga.
11.01.2015
Haplochromis multicolor (lat. Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor) ndi wa banja la Cichlids (Cichlidae). Nthawi zina amatchedwa chromis bulti.
Ma cichlids amadya udzudzu wa malungo ndipo potero amapereka thandizo lofunikira polimbana ndi malungo. Zina mwa izo zimafikira zazikulu. Nyama yawo ndi yokoma kwambiri, motero ali a nsomba zamalonda. Ma cichlids ambiri amayamikiridwa ndi asitikali am'madzi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo okongola komanso chikhalidwe chawo choyambirira.
Habitat
Haplochromis multicolor amakhala m'madzi abwino ku East Africa. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zamtunduwu zimatha kuwoneka mu Mtsinje wa Nailo ndi mabungwe ake ambiri, nyanja, mitsinje yothirira, maiwe, zitsime ndi zitsime.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukhalapo kwa chromis bulti komwe kumakhala pakati 20 20 C mpaka 26 ° C.
Moyo
Haplochromis multicolor imakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo imakhala m'madzi opanda nyanja. M'malo awo achilengedwe, nsomba zimasonkhana m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono. Nkhosazi nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi ndi mbewu, komwe zimabisala panthawi yamavuto kapena zimagona usiku. Nsombayo imadyanso nyama, imadyera mphutsi, ma bumbu, tadpoles ndi tizilombo.
Pakusaka, multicolor imafuna kudikirira. Nyama ikakhala kuti ili pafupi ndi kamwa, m'pamene pamachitika nkhondo yothamanga.
Mitundu ingapo ya ma cichlids imatha kukhala mwamtendere mu dziwe limodzi, lililonse limakonda chakudya chilichonse chomwe mumakonda. Ena amadya zipatso za abale awo, pomwe ena amadya mphutsi zawo.
Nsomba zina zimathamangitsa wamkazi ndi caviar mpaka mayi wotopa atatsegula pakamwa pake ndikuchotsa ana ake. Ana olekanitsa amangogwira pakamwa pawo ndi milomo yawo ndikuyamwa mazira kuchokera pakamwa pawo. Pakati pa ma cichlids, ma parasites amapezeka omwe amakula mamba kuchokera kwa nsomba zina.