Agalu ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino yam'madzi. Nsomba zokongola izi ndi mchira wake wamkati waukulu. Nthawi zambiri, akamalankhula za zomwe amakonda kuchita, akatswiri odziwa zakumadzi amazindikira kuti ziyambe kumugula. Kuphatikiza apo, guppies ndi maphunziro abwino pophunzira kusintha kwa majini. Amuna amtunduwu ndi okulirapo komanso okongola kuposa akazi. Mchira wawo ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa waachikazi, ndipo amasiyana mitundu yawo yoyambirira, yachilendo. Kukula kwakang'ono kwa nsomba - kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 3 masentimita kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga kukhala malo apakati padzikoli. Akazi ndi okulirapo - pafupifupi 6 cm, koma alibe mtundu wokongola. Masiku ano, mothandizidwa ndi kusankha akazi okongola amapezeka, koma mtengo wawo umakhala wokwera kwambiri. Mutha kuwona zosankha za nsomba mu chithunzi, zomwe zili ndi intaneti.
Kukhala mwachilengedwe
Komwe kuli nsomba za guppy ndizisumbu za Trinidad ndi Tobago, komanso ku South America - ku Venezuela, Guiana ndi Brazil. Monga lamulo, amakhala m'madzi oyera, oyenda, komanso ngati madzi amphepete mwa nyanja, koma osati nyanja yamchere. Amadya mphutsi, mphutsi, nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, adayamba kuchuluka kwambiri m'malo omwe kuli udzudzu wambiri wa malungo, pomwe agalu amadya mphutsi zake. Amuna a guppy m'chilengedwe ndi owala kuposa akazi, komabe mtundu wawo ndiutali kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu yobereketsa yazinyama. Iyenera kuwateteza kwa adani, popeza nsomba ndizochepa komanso siziteteza.
Mbiri ya guppy ndi kuswana
Nsomba zamtunduwu zidatchedwa wansembe ndi wasayansi Robert Guppy, mbadwa yaku England. Ankatola mbewu ndi zitsanzo pachilumba cha Trinidad, pomwe mwangozi anawona nsomba zazing'ono zowoneka bwino m'modzi mwa maiwe. Atayang'anitsitsa, adazindikira kuti siziikira mazira, monga anthu ambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo amabala mwachangu. Mu 1886, adabwerera kwawo ndikulankhula ndi Royal Society ndi lipoti la nsomba zodziwika bwino zam'madzi otentha. Komabe, samakhulupirira kuti nsomba zazing'ono ngati zoterezi zimatha kukhala zokopa, ndipo pamapeto pake, zopanda pake zambiri zidatulukira m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale ku Britain Museum, zomwe zidachulukana kuchokera kwa anthu omwe abwera ndi asayansi.
Chosawoneka chodabwitsa, nsomba zamtundu wa guppy zidangobweretsedwa ku Europe kale, mu 1859, katswiri wazankhwala wochokera ku Germany, Wilhelm Peters, adapezako kachilombo m'modzi mwa asodziwo, akunja kwa nsomba izi zimawoneka ngati banja la a Poecilidae. Mu 1861, asayansi aku Spain, Filippi, adapezanso nsomba zomwezi muluzikulu wotumizidwa kuchokera ku Barbados.
Kwa zaka makumi angapo, obereketsa amateur adabzala mitundu 13 ya nkhanu zomwe zimasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mchira wake. Mitundu 8 ya utoto wamtundu wa guppy idapangidwanso. Kutengera zinthu ziwiri zazikuluzikulu, pali mitundu pafupifupi 100 yosakanikirana ndi mtundu wa nsomba padziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera
Msodzi wa guppy aquarium ali ndi thupi lalitali, ngati ma mollies ndi pecilia, ndi membala wa banja la pecilia, viviparous carp-toothed - imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mano mu nsagwada zam'munsi komanso zapamwamba. Zazikazi ndizazikulu, zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 3-6, ndipo amuna okha ndi ma 1.5-3.5 masentimita. Mitundu ina yachilendo ya guppy yobadwira mu ukapolo imatha kukhala yayikulupo poyerekeza ndi abale awo.
Amuna a guppy ndi ochepa komanso oonda, amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo zazikazi zazikulu ndi zodzaza zimakonda kutsogola. Amuna, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu komanso owoneka bwino kuposa akazi. Akamakula, mizere yoyenda pakati ya male anal imasinthidwa kukhala gawo lopapatiza lotchedwa gonopodia.
Ziphuphu za guppy, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha, zimapezeka mumitundu yambiri yosakanikirana ndi kuphatikiza kwake, mwachitsanzo, "khungu la njoka", "cobra", "tux" (kuphatikiza ndi wakuda). Palinso mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya ziphuphu za caudal, monga, mwachitsanzo, pintail, mchira wozungulira, mkondo, lupanga lakuthwa, chophimba, ndi ena. Mtundu wa guppy umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa mchira: kotero nsomba yokhala ndi mchira wofiira ndi thupi lachikasu imatchedwa guppy yofiira.
Zachidziwikire, mutha kusunga nsomba zingapo mumtsuko wa lita-3, koma ndizoponderezedwa osakhala bwino pamenepo.
Monga lamulo, aquarium imasankhidwa poganizira kuchuluka kwa okhala m'tsogolo: osachepera 2-3 malita akuyenera kuwerengedwera nsomba iliyonse.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa anthu osapitilira 15, ndiye kuti malo okwanira 30 litre ndikokwanira.
Dothi ndi zinthu zokongoletsa zimatha kusankhidwa momwe mukufuna. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za mbewu za m'madzi: samatulutsa mpweya wofunikira, komanso malo othawirako mwachangu kuchokera ku nsomba zazikulu.
Kutentha madzi amatha kusiyanasiyana ndi 18 mpaka 30 degrees. Komabe, madigiri 24 ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo thanzi labwino komanso kubereka. Kusunga kutentha uku, ndikofunikira kugula chotenthetsera chapadera cha aquarium mu malo osungirako ziweto, omwe amakhala ndi chowongolera poziziritsa madzi.
Kuunikira kwanyumba mumdima, kusankha. Komabe, okonda guppy odziwa akadali kukhazikitsa zowunikira zowonjezera. Chifukwa cha ichi, algae imakula bwino ndipo m'misombamo mitundu imakhala yowala kwambiri.
Kusamalira aquarium m'malo abwino, ndikokwanira kusintha gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi kamodzi pamwezi. Izi zisanachitike, ndikofunikira kuteteza mu chidebe chotseguka masiku angapo.
Agalu okonda madzi olimba (kuyambira 6 mpaka 10 mayunitsi), komabe, atapatsidwa mtundu wapompopi, ndibwino kuti muchotse tchuthi chambiri. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuthira madzi mu aquarium kumangofunika kutentha kwa chipinda.
Kupanda kutero, kusintha kwamphamvu kwamadzi kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwa nsomba kapena kufooka chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuwoneka kwamatenda.
Ngati ndiulesi kusamalira ma aquarium osasintha madzi, ndikofunika kukhazikitsa compressor. Amatha bwino kuyeretsedwa kwamadzi kuchokera pazotsalira zamadyedwe ndi zinyalala zina, potero izi zimathetsa mavuto osafunikira.
Sizikupanga nzeru kukhazikitsa magetsi oyendera madzi ndi mpweya, pokhapokha kukongola ndizotheka kugwira matumba apadera pansi pa aquarium omwe amalola thovu. Ziphuphu sizikukula ndi mpweya, kotero ingobzala pang'ono m'nthaka. Zomera zimayamwa kaboni dayokisai ndikupatsa matendawa kukongola kwachilengedwe.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Ma cyprinid okongoletsera amenewa amatha kutha msinkhu kuchokera pa miyezi inayi ndipo amakhala okonzeka kubereka.
Chochititsa chidwi: kutentha pamtunda wamadzimadzi (+ 30 °), kukhwima kumayambira miyezi itatu.
Kubalana kumatha kuchitika monse mu malo okhala pansi pamadzi komanso m'malo opangika mwapadera. Ngakhale mtsuko wama lita atatu ndioyenera izi, chifukwa nsomba zokongoletsera sizimatengera, ndipo banjali lizitha kubereka ana ngakhale zitakhala zoterezi ku Spartan.
Mwakutero, mtundu wamtundu suofunika kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita njira zingapo kuti pakhale njira zabwino zoberekera ana: boma lolingana ndi kutentha ndi kupezeka kwa msipu wobiriwira (mwachitsanzo Javanese moss), momwe mwachangu mtsogolo mwachangu adzapeza pogona pawo.
Akatswiri ambiri sagwirizana pamomwe angapangitsire kubala kwa guppy: uku ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kwa m'madzi mwa madigiri 3-4 ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa madzi pafupifupi 1/3 m'madzimo a aquarium (kapena wamba). Mwachilengedwe, madziwo ayenera kukhazikika.
Komabe, akatswiri ena am'madzi amaumirira kuti kukakamira koteroko kumangofunika pokhapokha pokhapokha ngati guppy ndi yovuta komanso isanakwane.
Wamphongo akayamba kuthamangitsa wamkazi, kumamatira kumbali yake kapena pansi, mateche adayamba. Pali chinthu china chofunikira apa: ngati nsomba zili zonse, ndiye kuti muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe abambo ambiri.
Amatha kumuyendetsa mkazi kukatopa kwathunthu, pakhala pali milandu ya mayimayi yomwe yamwalira motere.
Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino ndi anthu awiri.
Amuna amakhathamiritsa mkazi mothandizidwa ndi chiwalo chapadera, chomwe chili ndi dzina lasayansi la gonopodia. Pachimake, ichi ndi gawo losinthika mwamafomu angapo, omwe amapezeka mwa amuna akuluakulu okha.
Kutalika kwamimba
Mimba mu viviparous nsomba amayamba pambuyo mating. Zachikazi zimatha kusunga mkaka wamphongo nthawi yayitali, ndiye ngati nsombazo zikagulidwa ku malo osungirako ziweto ndipo anyamatawo akusambira mumsodzi womwewo ndi wamkazi, ndiye kuti atenga pakati.
Kutalika kwa mimba ndi masiku 21 mpaka 40, kutentha kwambiri, nthawi yocheperako, koma kukula kwazowundana kudzakhala kocheperako, kotero 24-26 ° C imawerengedwa ngati mulingo woyenera kutentha.
Momwe mungadziwire pakati
Poyamba, mimba yaikazi siyingaoneke, adzakhala wamphamvu komanso adye bwino, ndipo m'mimba mwake mudzamera.
Dziwani nthawi yomwe mungayembekezere mwana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "malo obadwa", omwe ali pafupi ndi anus ndi anal fin. Chachikulu komanso chamdima chopanda chizindikiro, kubadwa kumayandikira.
Momwe mungadyetsere guppies achinyamata
Pafupipafupi kutulutsa kwaikazi, ana ang'onoang'ono amayesa kusambira kufunafuna chakudya chilichonse. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito za m'madzi amadziwa kuti mphindi yofunika kwambiri pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa ana guppies ndi masiku oyambira 3-7.
Ndikofunika kuchepetsedwa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono njira yodyetsa kapena kuyitsogolera molakwika, ndipo mawonekedwe a anthu athanzi komanso okongola sangayembekezere.
Amati pambuyo pang'onong'ono, mkazi wamphongo samadya. Komabe, milandu yotereyi imakhala yofala, popeza kukula kwa mwachangu m'maola ndi masiku amoyo wawo sikupitirira 3-4 mm. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti abzale wamkazi akangomaliza ntchito.
Ndipo apa pali vuto la kudyetsa ana kwabwino kwambiri.
Mitundu yazakudya
Muyenera kudyetsa mwachangu nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka. Ena oyenda pansi pamadzi kwa masiku angapo sazimitsa magetsi am'madzi, komwe ana amapezeka ndipo amapanga chakudya nthawi zonse pakatha maola 3-4.
Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu pankhani yosankha zakudya.
- Eni guppy eni ake amakula bwino ziweto zawo pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zachilengedwe (mapuloteni ndi masamba).
- Palinso otsatira ena aakudya otayika oyambitsa.
Ndikosavuta kunena mosaganizira kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ili yabwinoko, koma ndikofunikira kuti zopatsa thanzi ndizoyenera. Osatinso kuledzera, kumene.
Ambiri omwe ali ndi nsomba zing'onozing'ono zokongoletsa amadziwa bwino ukadaulo wophika pawokha wa zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuti azikongoletsa ziweto zawo.
Zakudya zodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi mazira a mazira ndi mkaka.
Chakudya cha dzira. Chotsani yolk ku mazira owiritsa kwambiri, ndikupukuta ndi grater yabwino kapu yamadzi. Zosakanikirana zosakanikirana zimasakanizidwa kwathunthu kukhala zosasunthika. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito pipette wamba, mutha kubayira yankho mu aquarium.
Zakudya zamkaka. Kusakaniza mkaka wouma kumakonzedwa motere: mbale ya mkaka imayikidwa mumphika wamadzi otentha, pomwe imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono. Mafuta omwe amachokera amasonkhanitsidwa ndikupatsidwa mwachangu.
Kuphika chakudya chamoyo. Palibe vuto komanso kuswana kunyumba microworm, yomwe achinyamatawo amadya mosangalala. Ma microworm ali pafupi mapuloteni oyera, omwe amatengeka bwino ndi thupi la timatumbu tating'onoting'ono.
Kuti muchepetse mapuloteni amoyo amenewa, muyenera kusakaniza bwino gawo la chimanga ndi madzi (mpaka kachulukidwe ndi kirimu wowawasa), kenako onjezani yisiti pang'ono (pafupifupi ¼ gawo la supuni).
Ma microworm ayenera kukhazikitsidwa muzosakaniza izi, zomwe zimatha kubwereketsa kwa bwenzi lapamadzi. Ngati palibe mnzanu wotero, ndiye kuti nyongolotsi yamoyo ikhoza kupezeka mumsewu mumulu wa masamba onyowa (tsamba loyera laling'ono) ndikubwera kunyumba.
Pambuyo masiku awiri ndi atatu, ma microworm adzachulukana kwambiri kotero kuti ndikwanira kudyetsa ziweto zazing'ono.
Bzalani zakudya. Pazakudya za ana agalu, chakudya cha chiyambi cha mbewu chimayenera kukhalanso. Itha kukhala mwala wobiriwira - zonse zachilengedwe komanso zazikulu kunyumba. Mwakutero, mumadzi aliwonse a aquarium mumakhala zooplankton (tizilombo tamoyo) ndi phytoplankton (algae yaying'ono kwambiri).
Algae ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha mwachangu mwachangu m'masiku oyamba amoyo wawo, popeza kukula kwa njere iliyonse yazomera zamtunduwu kuchokera pa 0,02 mpaka 1 mm.
Kukula kopatsa thanzi phytoplankton kunyumba sikovuta. Ndikofunikira kuthira madzi am'madzi mu mtsuko wagalasi ndikuwonetsa pang'onopang'ono dzuwa. Ndiye kuti, "timayendetsa" njira ya photosynthesis, yomwe imathandizira kuti mbewu zikule mwachangu.
Madzi awa akasintha wobiriwira m'masiku awiri, amatha kuwonjezeredwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono muchidebe ndi mwachangu. Kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo wawo, tinsomba tating'onoting'ono timakhala osangalala kudya chakudya chomera ichi.
M'nyengo yozizira, kukakhala kuwala kochepa kwambiri kwa dzuwa, kukula kwa phytoplankton kumatha kulimbikitsidwa poyatsa madzi ndi nyali wamba. Kusamalidwa kuyenera kuchitika, komabe, kuti mtsukowo ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake zisatenthe.
Guppy kuyanjana ndi nsomba zina
Pokonzekera kumanga ngalande panyumba, muyenera kudziwa nsomba zomwe zimakhala ndi ma gippies. Izi nsombazi ndizokonda mtendere, ndikugwirizana bwino ndi nsomba zina zamtendere za sukulu: neon, pecilia, zebrafish, haracin, armfish. Ana agalu samasokoneza nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi am'munsi.
Guppeshki mwina ndiye wokondedwa kwambiri ndi asodzi am'madzi komanso nsomba yotchuka. Chifukwa chake, funso loti ngati ndizotheka kukhala ndi barbs limodzi nawo ndikwachilengedwe. M'malo mwake, malo oyandikana nawo nthawi zambiri samatha ndi chilichonse chabwino. Agalu okhala m'mphepete mwachisawawa adzapulumutsidwa. Momwemonso, nsomba zikakulira limodzi, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chidzachitike kwa iwo. Komabe, eniake amadzimadzi sangaone kuti angachite chidwi ndi zipsepse zokongola za guppy. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, barbs ndi neons, kuphatikiza komwe kumakayikiranso, kumakhala bwino ngati pali mbewu zambiri mu aquarium. Zomwezo zimapita kwa ma gippies. Bzalani zambiri Wallysneria, cambobas, ma ferns am'madzi, ndi zina zam'madzi, ndipo adzakhala ndi pena pobisalira oyandikana nawo kapena amtambo wobiriwira.
Matenda a Guppy
Alibe vuto lililonse. Ichi ndi plistophorosis, zowola bwino, chifuwa chachikulu, chifuwa, khungu lofiira.
Kuti mumvetsetse kuti china chake sichili bwino ndi nsomba, muyenera kudziwa momwe nsomba zathanzi zikuyenera kumaonekera:
- khalani ndi ana omasuka osakhala ndi zipsepse zometa,
- Osati kupumira kwapamalo kuyenera kukhala komwe kumayendera mphamvu za nsomba,
- osagwera mbali imodzi kapena kuzizira m'malo mwake,
Ngati chimodzi mwazizindikirozi sizikugwira, ndiye kuti pali chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Nthawi zina zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo ndi mchira wong'ambika. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika ndi ma guppies? Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chake ndi madzi akale, osasinthika kwa nthawi yayitali, momwe ammonia ndi nitrate ochuluka. Ndipo popewa izi, muyenera kudyetsa nsomba moyenera, onetsetsani kuti mulinso ndi mavitamini menyu, ndipo muyenera kusamalitsa oyang'anira aquarium.
Mchira wowonda - Ikhozanso kuwonetsa madzi osavomerezeka, ndi omwe akusowa konse - kuti nsomba zinali ndi adani mu aquarium ndipo muyenera kudziwa yemwe akuwachititsa manyazi ndi kuteteza ofooka. Mwa njira, ngati wotsogolayo sanapezeke, chomwe chimayambitsa mchira wosowa chikhoza kukhala matenda opatsirana.
Alamu inanso - msana wokhota. Ngati ichi sichizindikiro cha kubereka, koma chopezeka, ndiye kuti titha kulankhula za chifuwa chachikulu cha nsomba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chithandizo chidzafunika, chomwe sichimapereka zotsatira zabwino. Kapena mwina izi ndi chifukwa chokhazikika m'madzi kapena chizindikiro cha ukalamba wa nsomba. Mulimonsemo, ndibwino kufunsa katswiri kuti anene mawu oyenera.
Ngati mumakonda vidiyoyi, gawanani ndi anzanu:
DIVAILED chiwongolero posankha ma aquarium, chisamaliro ndikusamalira guppies + chithunzi FISH ndi AQUARIUM! Ziphuphu ndi nsomba zopanda ulemu zomwe ndi zoyenera poyambira!
Mmawa wabwino ndikulandilidwa kuwunika kwanga!
Okondedwa, lero ndikufuna kukudziwitsani za nsomba zanga komanso malo am'madzi, ndikuyesanso kukufotokozerani mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungasankhire guppies, adyetseni ndi kusamalira ufumu wam'madzi.
Poyamba, pezani nsomba zingati zomwe mukufuna kuziona mu malo anu am'madzi, motero onani kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mukufuna. Popeza guppies (ndi zebrafish) ndizochepa, malo okhala ndi malita 30 ndi oyenera sukulu iyi (nsomba 6). Asodzi a nsomba amakhala ndi malo osambira ndikuwunika malo ozungulira, komanso malo osewerera osewera kutsogolo.
MALO OGWIRITSIRA ZA GUUPPI.
Nsomba zokongola (makamaka amuna), osasamala posamalira, ndizosavuta kubereka, ndi viviparous. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna: ndi wamkulu ndipo osati wokongola kwambiri. Amuna ali ndi michira yowala kukopa ndi kusamalira yaikazi.
KULI KUTI MUTHENGA AQUARIUM NDI CHIYANI CHIMAFUNA?
Gulani nsomba m'madzi mu msika wa mbalame, momwe zimawonongera ndalama zochepa kuposa malo ogulitsira. Ku Yekaterinburg tidagula malo apansi:
Wopezeka pamsika wa mbalame wa Verkh-Isetsky (msewu wa Khalturina, pafupi ndi Carnival ndi AUCHAN City). Kugulidwa pafupifupi zaka 10 zapitazo kwa 3,500 TR ndi zida zamkati (zosefera ndi chotenthetsera, kuyatsa, komanso maziko). Tsopano malo oterewa mwina amathanso ndalama zambiri. Koma, poganiza kuti ikutumikirani nthawi yayitali, ndiyofunika kuyipeza kapena kupempha mphatso)). Amangondipatsa aquarium iyi)).
Ma Aquariums amagulitsidwanso m'masitolo azitsamba (Matroskin, mwachitsanzo), koma ndiokwera mtengo. Mutha kugula ma aquarium otsika mtengo (kapena atsopano) ndi zida zonse ndi nsomba kuwonjezera patsamba laulemu la Avito.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera: aquarium, fyuluta, chotenthetsera, nyali yowunikira, chakudya, ukonde, sisitimu yaying'ono yonyamula, siphon, burashi.
MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA AUFINSITSE ATHANDIZO:
Ndikwabwino kutenga aquarium ya makona amakono, kapena hemisphere (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Osamagula BUNGWE LA AQUARIUM! Imasokoneza chithunzicho chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ozungulira, komanso sichisintha kwambiri.
MUZIPEMBEDZA KUTI ZINTHU ZOFUNA KUTI ALI NDI ZOSAVUTA KUTI AZISANGALALA! Izi ndichifukwa choti malo omwe amakhala ndi okulirapo ndipo zinyalala sizikhala ndi nthawi yokuunjikira. Kukula kwa malita 50 mpaka 100 kuli koyenera. Mmenemo mumatha kukhala osati ma guppies okha, komanso nsomba zina: zebrafish, neon, swordsmen, angapo a catfish ndi nkhono zambiri (nkhono). Catfish idzayeretsa makhoma anu a aquarium. Nsomba zonse zimayenderana.
Malangizo pang'ono: ngati pali mphaka m'nyumba (ZOKHUDZA CAT MUSK) ndi / kapena mwana wocheperako, onetsetsani kuti mukugula malo okhala ndi chivindikiro - izi ndizothandiza, ndizosangalatsa komanso zidzakutetezani kuti musatenge dzanja la mphaka ndi mwana wakhanda mu aquarium. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kukhazikitsa kuyatsa.
Nsomba imodzi imasowa madzi okwanira malita asanu. Ma aquarium anga okhala ndi malita 30 ndi abwino kwa anthu 6.
Mu aquarium iyenera kukhala Zosefera (sankhani kampani yodalirika, tili ndi Aquael). Yang'anani mosamala momwe mulili oyenera, zonse zalembedwa pamaphukusi kapena funsani wogulitsa.
FUNSO:chifukwa chiyani ndikufuna fyuluta?ndingatani popanda iye osawononga ndalama zamtengo wapatali?
Yankho: Zosefera mu aquarium ndizofunikira! Imatsuka madzi pazinthu zing'onozing'ono za nsomba, ndikuyiyamwa ndi chinkhupule chapadera, chomwe chimapezeka mkati mwa fyuluta. Dothi lochokera pamenepo silibwerera ku aquarium, koma limalowa mkati mwa chinkhupule.
Zoseferazo zimapangitsanso kuti madzi akhale ndi mpweya wabwino, kumasula thovu m'moya kuchokera kudzenje linalake. Mutha kusintha mayendedwe awo, koma ine ndimakhala okhazikika kwambiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka ku aquarium komwe kulibe mbewu zamoyo ndipo mpweya wa oxygen sukupezeka.
Komanso, fyuluta imapereka kuzungulira kwa madzi mu aquarium chifukwa sichimayenda.
MALANGIZO:Zosefera mu aquarium ndiyofunika kugula, imayeretsa madzi osungiramo zinyalala, imalemeretsa madzi ndi mpweya ndipo imatulutsa madzi, monga malo achilengedwe. Nsomba zimamva bwino + maonekedwe ake a thovu ndizopweteka komanso ndizopatsa mphamvu, ndizokongola kwambiri.
MFUNDO: Zosefera, kuphatikizira ndi aeration ndibwino kuphatikiza kwa nthawi yayitali. Mutha kuzimitsa usiku (ngati mukufuna chete) kapena muchepetse kutuluka kwa mabulosi (mpweya).
Zosefera ndi ntchito yothandizira mu malo anga okhala zungulira nthawi. Ndikwabwino kuti nsombazi zizikhala zathanzi ndikuwathandiza kutalikiratu moyo wawo, kukwaniritsa kukhala kwawo m'madzi kuposa nyamula mitembo sungani pamagetsi.
Mutha kugulanso chotenthetsera madzi ndi thermometer yotsata ndi kudziwa kutentha. Kutentha kwabwino kwa guppies - 24 ° C) Chotenthetsera chimayikidwa pamlingo wokonzedweratu mwa kutembenuza makinawo.
Kuwala Tinagula malo okhala ndi nyali. Mu "Anster" (malo ogulitsa ziweto) nyali imakhala pafupifupi ma ruble 1000. Nyali yathu yoyamba inazimitsidwa zitatha zaka zambiri.
Ndi kuyatsa, aquarium imawoneka yokongola kwambiri komanso yowala, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nsomba. Komanso, kuwala kumafunika ndi zomera zokhala ndi moyo komanso nsomba zomwe (makamaka neon).
Zokongoletsa ndi dothi la m'madzi.Malangizo: cholakwika changa ndikangoyamba kumene ntchito yolima nsomba m'madzi ndichakuti ndimafunitsadi kukongoletsa aquarium ndipo sindinasiye malo osambira. Nsombayo idakomoka. Pangani izi motere: mbewu imodzi kapena ziwiri mbali. Ikani zojambula zonse, zipolopolo, ndi zina zambiri kumbuyo. Siyani kutsogolo posambira.
Ndikwabwino kusankha nthaka yayifupi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti nsombayo idye chakudya kuchokera pansi. M'dothi louma, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatsekeka m'malo mokhala pansi. Chifukwa chake, madzi am'madzi amadzidetsa kwambiri, monga chakudya chosawonongeka chikaola. Popita nthawi, madzi amathanso kukhala kwamitambo. Ndilibe nthawi yogula dothi labwino, ndili ndi timiyala tating'ono + tating'ono tating'ono ngati zokongoletsera + miyala yayikulu.
Ndikwabwino kukhazikitsa aquarium kutali ndi mawindo ndi kuwala kosapindulitsa kuti singakhale pachimake ndipo osakutidwa ndi maluwa obiriwira. Madzi amathiridwa mu kampopi, koma onetsetsani kuti mwakukhazikika ndi nyengo kutuluka kwa bulach TSIKU. Pakadali pano, ndimayendera aeration kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino wokwanira mumadzi. Ndimalowetsa nsomba tsiku lachiwiri. Itha kumasulidwa limodzi ndi "madzi akale" omwe adazolowera, kuti pasakhale nkhawa.
KUDYA GUUPPI.
Gulani zotsika mtengo kudyetsa ufa kuchokera ku polystyrene (mtengo pafupifupi ma ruble 30). Ndiwabwino ndipo ili ndi maselo awiri - chakudya chouma komanso chamoyo. Mukudyetsa koteroko, chakudya sichifalikira padziko lonse la pansi pamadzi, koma chimakhala mkati mwa malire.
Musanagule nsomba, afunseni zomwe adadyetsa. Zathu chikondi chakudya chowuma. Tidawagulira chakudya "Tetra" mumsika wa ma ruble 50. 30 gr Kwa nsomba zisanu ndi imodzi, zikhomo ziwiri ndizokwanira kuti nsombayo idye chilichonse nthawi imodzi, popanda kufufuza. Pakani chakudya chowuma pakati pa zala ndikuthira mu feeder wapadera. Ndimadyetsa kamodzi patsiku - m'mawa. Nsomba sizimadya mopitilira muyeso, malovu ndi oyera.
Mutha kudyetsanso rasipiberi. Tengani yaying'ono, yayikulu ndiyosapindulitsa ndipo nsomba zazing'ono ngati izi sizimeza. Ndimakonda rasipiberi wamtchire, amawoneka ngati wokonda chakudya komanso odzaza ndi mavitamini (mumsika wa nkhuku amagulitsa ma ruble 30), koma mutha kugula ozizira mu mini-briquette.
Ndizosavuta, kudya, ndi chakudya chouma, koma wamoyo kwambiri zothandiza kwambiri.
ZABWINO ZABWINO PAKHALA NDI NYUMBA ZA AQUARIUM NDANI?
Usodzi ndikuwayang'ana khazikitsani mtima wamanjenje ndi lekani nkhawa, safunika kuyenda. Ndikokwanira kuyang'ana kangapo patsiku momwe nsomba zimasambira komanso mudzakhala kale osangalala. Madzi a pansi pa nyanja akakhala oyera komanso oyera, pamene aliyense ali wathanzi, ndizosangalatsa kumapita madzulo ndikuwonera zokongola izi ndi michira yowala, yowala!
KULI KWA AQUARIUM.
Ndiosavuta komanso yochepa kusamalira. Konzani zomwe mwapeza: chidebe chachikulu, chidebe chamukuthira, burashi, chotsukira mano (mafupa oyera, ngodya). Gwira nsomba mwachikoka mwachonde mumtsuko wina. Kusintha kwamadzi kamodzi pa sabata. Ndizotheka 2/3. Pansi amathandizidwa ndi siphon yapadera. Amayamwa mu dothi ndikutulutsa madzi onse. Timatsuka fyuluta pakatha masiku atatu ndi sopo, ndiye kuti muzitsuka kwathunthu. Ngati ndi kotheka, yeretsani makhoma.
Kwa zaka zambiri, momwe ndimasungira nsomba, ma guppies adandiwoneka ngati imodzi mwa nsomba zokongola komanso zopanda chidwi. Ndikupangira nsomba izi kwa aliyense.
NDIPO ZOSAVUTA KWAMBIRI, ZOSAVUTA:
Zambiri
Chizindikiro cha guppies ndikupanga mazira. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zambiri, umuna wa mazira ndi kutukuka kwake sikupezeka kumalo akunja, koma m'thupi la mkazi. Zotsatira zake, mwachangu wopangidwa kale amawonekera pakuwala. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wa anapiye opulumuka.
Agalu nawonso anali nsomba yoyamba kukaona malo akunja. Iwo sanangokhala bwino ndi moyo mu mphamvu yokoka yomwe ili mkati mwa malo a Salyut-5 orbital, komanso anatha kubereka. Asayansi amtundu wa mankhwalawa amawagwiritsa ntchito kuti aphunzire kufala kwa chikhalidwe cha makolo athu.
Asodzi a guppy aperekanso chithandizo chachikulu kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nsomba izi zimadya mosangalala mphutsi za udzudzu wa malungo, ndipo pofuna kuthana ndi tiziromboti, agalu adakhazikika m'malo osungirako mayiko ambiri.
Mawonekedwe
Agalu ndi nsomba yaying'ono yochokera ku banja la a Pecilia. Kukula kwakuthupi kwamphongo mwaimuna ndi 3 masentimita, chikazi - masentimita 6. Masikelo ali munkhokwe, pomwe nsomba adalandira mtundu wa epithet kuchokera ku Latin "reticulum" - net. Pali mtundu wamadzi womwe umadziwika kuti uli ndi chilolezo chogonana. Zachikazi ndizokulirapo komanso zokulirapo kuposa zazimuna, sizikhala ndi ziphuphu zophimba ndipo zimakhala zowoneka bwino modekha: nthawi zambiri thupi ndi mchira wake ndi imvi, nthawi zina ndalama za caudal zimakhala zachikuda kapena zowala. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa kwambiri amuna ndi kupezeka kwa anal yomwe yasinthidwa, yomwe imatchedwa gonopodia. Tikuthokoza, abambo amatha kuyika zogonana pamimba ya mkazi, pomwe umuna umayamba kale.
Ponena za kupaka utoto, anthu achilengedwe sangadzitamandire zovala zowala: thupi laimvi komanso laling'ono (ngakhale lili laling'ono m'malo mwake) malo owoneka bwino ozungulira. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mutha kubisala moyenera kwa adani pakati pa nkhanu zowuma. Chochita chosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yobereketsa, yomwe yakhala ikuwonetsedwa ndi amateurs ndi akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi. Magulu angapo akhola amodzi amadziwika, kutengera mawonekedwe a caudal fin ndi mtundu wa thupi. Ziphuphu zimatha kukhala zamtundu umodzi, mawanga, zazitali zazitsulo, etc. Ndizosatheka kutulutsa mitundu yonse yazithunzi ndi mawonekedwe a mphukira zomwe zimapezeka pamsika.
Mbiri yakuwoneka / kupezeka
M'modzi mwa asayansi oyamba omwe amafotokoza za guppies anali a Wilhelm Karl Hartwig Peters wa ku Germany wolemba zinyama. Anapatsa nsomba ija dzina la Poecilia reticate, yomwe idalipo mpaka mu 1861, pomwe wofufuza zaku Italiya, a F. Filippi, adaphunzira zinthu zomwe zidapezeka ndikudzipatula mtundu wina wa Lebistes, ndipo nsomba adalandira Lebistes poeciloides.
Nsombayi idatchedwa dzina lachiwiri "guppy" (mu "guppy" woyambirira) polemekeza wasayansi waku England komanso wansembe Robert Guppy, yemwe adapita ku England kuchokera pachilumba cha Trinidad mu 1866. Nsombazo zidapirira bwino ulendowu kwa mwezi wathunthu ndipo zidaperekedwa ndi Robert kukhothi la basayansi ya Britain Museum of Natural History. Adapita nawo kwa a Girardinus watsopano, ndipo adawatcha dzinawo kuti amupatse ulemu - Girardinus guppyi.
Padzapezeka kuti zaka zisanu ndi ziwirizi nsomba isanatchulidwe kale ndi wasayansi wina, adasinthidwanso dzina, ku Lebistes reticulatus. Ndipo mchaka cha 1963 chokha, atasinthiratu nsomba zokhala ndi moyo kuchokera ku banja la a Petsiliev, lotsogozedwa ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists D.E. Rose ndi R.M. Bailey, guppy adabwezeretsedwa ku dzina lake lakale - Poecilia reticate Petros. Komabe, dzina loti "guppy" limakhazikika mu nsomba, monse omwe amalankhula Chingerezi komanso ku Russia.
M'masiku ano, zida zamtundu wachilengedwe sizikugwidwanso kuthengo. Ma hybrids ambiri omwe amapezeka m'mafamu apadera a nsomba amagulitsidwa mumamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Miyezo yaubweya wa guppy yapangidwa pamlingo wapadziko lonse ndi mayiko. Pafupifupi mayiko onse, kuli mabwalo akuluakulu amateur omwe amatenga nawo mbali pazowonetsera zansomba zokongola kwambiri izi.
Habitat
Mbiri yakale, agalu amakhala ku Central, North South America ndi zilumba za Pacific. Awa ndi maiko monga Brazil, Venezuela, Guiana, Trinidad ndi Tobago. Chifukwa cha kupirira kwawo modabwitsa, nsomba zidasamba pafupifupi madzi onse amadzi oyera: mitsinje, nyanja, ngalande, swamp. Zina zimapezeka ngakhale pakamwa kamtsinje kamene kamalowa mu nyanja, pomwe madzi abwino ndi mchere amasakanikirana.
Mumakonda mitsinje yotentha ndi njira yofatsa. Nsomba zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (mpaka zidutswa 10) munkhalango zowirira zam'mera, pomwe zimabisala pangozi. Nthawi zambiri amasambira pafupi ndi madzi.
Ziphuphu ndi mtundu weniweni wa chilengedwe chonse. Chifukwa cha acclimatization yoyeserera kuthana ndi mphutsi za udzudzu wa malungo, nsomba zimatha kupezeka pamakontinenti onse. Osati gawo lomaliza lomwe lidasewera ndi kugawa nsomba kambiri ngati nsomba ya m'madzi.
Agalu ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimakhala pamadzi osiyanasiyana ndikukhalapo, nthawi zina zimakhala mozama kwambiri. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti anthu okhala m'madzi (mwina omwe amamasulidwa ndi am'madzi) asintha momwe akukhala ngakhale m'mitsinje yamizinda ikuluikulu, m'malo omwe madzi otentha amatulutsidwa.
Pakati pa am'madzi am'madzi, kuwonjezera pa mitundu yambiri yamtundu wamtundu wa Poecilia reticulata, mtundu wina umadziwika kwambiri - Guppy Endler (Poecilia wingei). Nsomba zazing'ono koma zowala kwambiri zimakhala zokongoletsera zabwino kwambiri zam'madzi. Linapezeka koyamba mu 1937, koma silinatchuke ndipo lakhala likuti latha. Ndipo mu 1975 pokha, a John Endler adafotokoza koyamba zamtunduwu. Zimatha kumapiri am'madzi akuVenezuela.
Ziphuphu za Endler ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo ndizabwino kwambiri kwa ma nano-aquariums. Amuna amakula mpaka 2,5 masentimita, zazikazi mpaka 3.5 cm. Akazi ndiakhungu ochenjera, pomwe amuna ndi odzala ndi utawaleza.
Guppy Endler
Khalani bwino m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikukhalanso ndi akazi. Ndikofunika kuti m'madzimo mumadzala mitengo yambiri. Nsomba ndizoyenda kwambiri, amuna nthawi zonse amayang'anira akazi. Amatha kudumpha kuchokera m'madzi otseguka. Monga oyandikana nawo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma characins ang'onoang'ono, zebrafish, parsing, makonde. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala m'madzimo kwa zaka zingapo. Pa kutentha kwambiri (pafupifupi 30 ° C), iwo amakula mwachangu, koma nthawi yomweyo, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachepa. Ma ntchentche kapena magawo ang'onoang'ono ndiabwino kudyetsa. Kuberekanso nkosavuta. Nthawi zambiri, wamkazi amameza 5 mpaka 25 mwachangu mwezi uliwonse. The mwachangu ndi wamkulu, amatha kudya chakudya chouma mwachangu ndi nauplii wa brine shrimp.
Mitundu ya guppy
Nsomba zamtundu wa guppy zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ya guppy imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe, omwe kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a zipsepse, kupezeka kwa kuwala kwa pelescent ndi pateni. Nthawi zina, pali "malonda", mayina okhazikitsidwa kale (mwachitsanzo, "Berlin" - wofiira wakuda, "kalonga wakuda" - wakuda wakuda, "carnation" - wakuda wamkati wamtundu wakuda, "cobra" - dzina lolondola ndi "filigree", etc. .).
Mitundu ya guppy
Maupangidwe a utoto womwe timawona ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo ali chifukwa cha mitundu ingapo, kuphatikiza kosiyana komwe kumapangitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yomwe ilipo. Mpaka pano, mayina osonyeza mayina a kuswana kwa nsombazi sanatenge.Kuphatikiza apo, mbadwa za guppy zamtundu wina zimagawika nthawi zonse ndipo mitundu yatsopano imawonekera, zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhala ndi mzere woyera.
Mukasunga mzere mu mzeru, "kusinthika" nthawi zambiri kumachitika pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo, ndiye kuti, zomwe zimaswanidwa zimatha kuzimiririka kapena kusintha kwambiri, ndipo zomwe nsomba zimachita zimasowa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kubzala, kapena kufalikira kwokhudzana kwambiri. Kuti izi zisachitike, pobereka guppy, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera "magazi" atsopano, ndiko kuti, kuwoloka ndi oimira omwewo, koma otengedwa kuchokera kwa obereketsa wina.
Tisaiwale kuti mzere woweta wa guppy umatha kupezeka m'misamba ya obereketsa, chifukwa kusamalira zoberekerazi kumafuna kuyeserera, nthawi yayitali, ndikutsatira madera omwe akukula ndi kusankha mosamala. Ma hybrids amitundu yosiyanasiyana, owonetsa osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa.
Lingalirani za mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa guppy pakati pa asodzi am'madzi.
Guppy Cobra (Khungu la Njoka)
Dzinalo lolondola la mtundu uwu ndi guppy filigree. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndikufalitsa mawonedwe mwachisawawa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo m'thupi lonse. Mtunduwu ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa khungu la njoka, pomwe mtunduwo udatchedwa dzina. Mkati mwa mtunduwo muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto: Red cobra, Yellow (Gold) cobra, Blue cobra ndi Green cobra wamba.
Guppy Green Cobra (Njoka Cobra)
Zonyamula ma guppies
Amadziwika ndi mchira wofiirira, nthawi zina wokhala ndi sparkles. Mlanduwo uli ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena wachikasu. Maonekedwe a clove amathanso kudziwika mu mtundu - pali chovala chasiliva-chasiliva kapena chapinki cha siliva. Veil emerald - mchira ndi thupi lokhala ndi emerald hue, yomwe imawoneka bwino pakuwoneka.
Kalipentala wa guppy
Kubwezera
Mbali yachitatu ya thupi ndi siliva, ina yonse, kuphatikiza mafiyala, ndi yakuda. Chovala chokongoletsera siliva chimawonedwa pam mchira ndi kumapeto kwa dorsal. Mwachitsanzo ndi: buluu wakuda, woyera wakuda (waku Canada), wakuda wakuda (kalonga wakuda).
Guppy theka wakuda
Mtundu umodzi
Thupi limapakidwa moyenerera mu utoto umodzi, nthawi zina ndi sheen wachitsulo. Chitsanzo ndi Moscow Green, Moscow Black, etc.
Amuna a guppy amtundu wathunthu wofiirira
Kusamalira ndi Guppy
Chifukwa chopirira kwambiri ma guppies, akukhulupirira kuti kupanga malo abwino kwa nsomba kulibe kanthu. Koma njira imeneyi siyolakwika. Agalu, monga nsomba zina zilizonse, amafunikira kutsatira malamulo ena kuti azisunga. Pokhapokha ngati izi, chiwetocho chimatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, sichitha kugwidwa ndi matenda, chimangokhala chokhazikika ndipo sichitaya mawonekedwe ake okongola.
Agalu kumapeto kwa aquarium
Ziphuphu zimasungidwa bwino kwambiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a 6 kapena kuposerapo. Mu aquarium amasambira m'magawo onse amadzi. Nsomba ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti abambo awiri wamwamuna aliyense wamwamuna - pankhaniyi, akazi azitha kugwidwa ndi amuna okonzekera kuterera. Kwa gulu la zidutswa za 6-10, muyenera aquarium kuchokera 50 malita. Dothi ndi loyenererana ndi wina aliyense, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mulibe miyala lakuthwa ndipo makamaka mthunzi wakuda, momwemo nsomba zimawoneka zowoneka bwino kwambiri. Zofananazo zimagwiranso ntchito powonekera. Izi ndizofunikira kuti abambo asawononge michira yawo ya chic. Ndikofunikira kuyatsa nyali zowala: ndi iyo, ma guppies amawoneka bwino ndikupeza utoto wambiri. Samadziyo imakutidwa bwino ndi chivindikiro, chifukwa nsombayo imadumphira pansi pamadzi ndikutera pansi.
Amphaka amamva bwino m'madzi oyera, okhala ndi okosijeni, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kusefukira kwa madzi sikulimba kwambiri: ndizovuta kuti nsomba zazing'ono zizilephera kuthamanga kwamadzi. Kutentha kwenikweni kosunga nsomba zam'malo otentha ndi 24-26 ° C, ngakhale ma guppies amatha kukhalapo kuyambira 18 mpaka 30 ° C. Nthawi yamoyo imatengera kutentha. Zikakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimachitika mwachangu kagayidwe kake, njira yoberekera imachulukana, koma nthawi ya moyo imafupikitsidwa. Ngati nsomba ili m'munsi kutentha, ndiye kuti kagayidwe kake kamachepetsa, ntchito yobereka imasiya.
Madzi okhala ndi kuuma kwa 10-25 ° dGH ndi acidity ya 8-8.5 ndi oyenera ma guppies. Komabe, magawo amadzi si axiom. Ngati zosinthazo sizinali zazikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti ma guppies amatha kuzolowera pafupifupi chilichonse munthawi yochepa. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse m'madzi (25-30%) ndikofunikira.
Agalu amakonda nthata zazitali zam'mera. Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana mbewu zazing'ono zokhala ndi masamba osakhwima (nyanga ,orta, kabomba, ludwigia, ndi zina). Sichikhala chopanda pake kuyika pistol kapena riccia pamadzi - ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti azibisala mwachangu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kusunga Indian fern (Ceratopteris tralictroides) mu aquarium yomwe ili ndi guppy - imagwira ntchito ngati biofilter, chizindikiritso cha malo amadzi ndi malo omwe mwachangu amathanso kubisala. Mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kusiya malo omasuka posambira.
Ziphuphu zitha kulekerera kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mchere mu aquarium.
Mitundu yobereketsa imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusamalidwa kuposa ina "mongrel", chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwongolera magawo a madzi oyenera mu aquariums okhala ndi Mitundu yokongola. Mayeso a Aquarium angakuthandizeni ndi izi.
Kugwirizana
Guppy ndi nsomba yamtendere kwambiri komanso yolandirira, yomwe anthu ochepa amatha kukhumudwitsa mu aquarium wamba. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwanjira ina pozungulira: mchira wophimba wa guppy umagwira nsomba zina, ngati chigamba chofiirira pa ng'ombe. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamasunga komanso osabzala nsomba zomwe zikugwira, mwachitsanzo, ma bar kapena ma iris, mu aquarium - ndiwotheka kwambiri kuti mchira wa guppy udzavutika ndikusiya kukhala wokongola. Kwa ma cichlids akuluakulu, guppies adzakhala "chakudya chamoyo."
Guppies ndi Pecilia mu aquarium wamba
Anthu oyandikana nawo a guppies adzakhala nsomba zamtendere, zofanana kukula kwake: zebrafish, parsing, mollies, neon, tetra. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikupewa kuchuluka ochulukirapo mu aquarium. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma guppies amabala msanga kwambiri ndipo ziwerengero zake zimatha kuchuluka kwambiri munthawi yochepa. Ena mwachangu amadyedwa ndi nsomba zina, ndipo nthawi zina ndi makolo awo, choncho pobisalira mwachilengedwe ana opanga ana amafunika.
Kudyetsa
Malamulo apazakudya zamitundu yonse yam'madzi, kuphatikiza guppies, ndi awa:
- Chakudya chizikhala chamagulu, chili ndi zonse zofunika ndi mavitamini.
- Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana, osangoyang'ana pa mtundu umodzi wa chakudya.
- Ndikofunikira kudyetsa nsombazo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, omwe amatha kudya kwathunthu m'mphindi zochepa, chifukwa chakudya chosakwaniritsidwa chidzawola pakapita nthawi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a nayitrogeni.
- Zakudya ziyenera kusankhidwa kutengera zosowa za nsomba, kukula kwa ziwiya zapakamwa komanso chikhalidwe cha thupi.
Makamaka posungira nsomba za guppy mu aquarium, Tetra adapanga ndikugulitsa chakudya chouma chapamwamba kwambiri chopangidwira guppies - Tetra Guppy ndi Tetra Guppy Colour. Chakudyachi ndichowoneka bwino pakamwa pa nsomba izi. Zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pazomera ndi mchere zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chokwanira komanso zimathandizira kukula. Mtundu wa Tetra Guppy umakhala ndi zowonjezera zachilengedwe za nsomba. Mphamvu ya kudyetsa pafupipafupi imadziwika pambuyo pa milungu iwiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito: nsomba zokhala ndi ofiira, achikaso, mitundu ya lalanje zimakhala zowala kwambiri.
Guppy kudya mu aquarium
Kuvala zapamwamba pafupipafupi kwa ma guppies ndi ma feed okhala ndi chomera, mwachitsanzo, TetraPro Algae, sikungakhale kopepuka. Chakudya ichi mmaonekedwe a tchipisi chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono, womwe umawonjezera phindu la thanzi komanso kukhazikika kwa mavitamini. Kulimbikira kwambiri kwa algae kumakupatsani mwayi wolipirira kusowa kwachomera m'zakudya za guppy.
Popeza kubereketsa guppies siovuta kwenikweni, funso likubwera - zomwe kudyetsa mwachangu? TetraMin Khanda lapadera la nsomba kwa ana achichepere ndi labwino polera guppy mwachangu. Ili ndi mapuloteni ochulukirapo komanso mavitamini onse ofunikira pakukula kwa chidaliro komanso kukula bwino kwa nsomba.
Kuswana
Kuswana kwa agalu sikovuta kwenikweni. Iwo okha amatha kubereka bwino, ngakhale pagulu lodziwika bwino chaka chonse, koma kuti apeze ana ambiri ndibwino kuti akonze malo oyambira. Kufotokozera zogonana komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kumakupatsani mwayi wosankha awiri. Amphaka amafika paunyamata ali ndi zaka 3-5 miyezi.
Wamphongo wamwamuna ndi wamkazi
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, guppy ndi wa ovoviviparous nsomba. Wamkazi samayikira mazira m'madzi, ndipo umuna ndi kukula kwa mazira kumachitika m'mimba mwa amayi. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa wamwamuna wa ad anal - gonopodia, pomwe amalowetsa mkaka wake mthupi la mkazi. Fryasi wopangidwa kale (kope laling'ono la makolo) limawoneka, lokonzekera kudzidyetsa. Nthawi zina akatswiri am'madzi amawona zodabwitsa monga kubadwa kwa mwachangu, bola palibe abambo mu aquarium. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mzimayi amatha kusunga zinthu zogonana zachimuna kwa nthawi yayitali ndikubweretsanso ana ngakhale abambo alibe. Ndikokwanira kuti iye akhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi anyamata nthawi yayitali. Pobereketsa agalu, akazi amtundu wa akazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi amuna amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kukula kwa mwachangu m'mimba kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi ndipo zimatengera kutentha kwa madzi ozungulira. Chiwerengero cha mwachangu obadwa nthawi imodzi chingasiyane kutengera zaka, kukula komanso zikhalidwe za akazi. Akazi ena achikulire ndi achonde kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kusesa mpaka mwachangu ka 100 panthawi imodzi.
Amphaka sangathe kutchedwa makolo osamalira ana. Amuna ndi akazi onse amasangalala ndi ana awo, ngati ali ndi njala ndipo adzagwira. Kuti musunge ana ambiri achichepere, ndikofunikira kubzala chachikazi chokonzekera kukhala ndi malo osyanasiyana okhala ndi mbewu zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe mwachangu amatha kubisala, kapena m'malo obisika.
Nthawi yomwe mkazi amakhala wokonzeka "kubereka" ikuwoneka bwino: m'mimba mwa mkaziyo mumayamba kuchuluka ndipo amakula, malowo pafupi ndi anal amapita ndipo amakula kukula. Pambuyo pofalikira, yaikaziyo imayenera kuchotsedwa paule. Pobadwa, guppy mwachangu ndi 5-8 mm kukula kwake, ndi mafoni kwambiri, akumangoyendayenda kuzungulira kuzungulira aquarium pofunafuna ma ciliates ang'onoang'ono.
Guppy mwachangu
Ana a guppy amakula modziyimira pawokha, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti azipatsa ana awo chakudya chopatsa thanzi mpaka kanayi patsiku ndikukhala ndi magawo oyenera amadzi. Mwachangu, yemwe amafikira kukula pafupifupi masentimita ndi theka, atha kubzalidwe mu aquarium kwa makolo. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi, akazi amafunika kupumula pa kubereka.
Mukamaweta aguppies "purebred" pamakhala zovuta zochepa: zikafika poti zitha kudziwa kugonana kwa mwachangu (wazaka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi), amunawo ayenera kutumizidwa ku aquarium ina. Njirayi imayenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale wamwamuna m'modzi wosaphonya mwanjira imodzi amatha kuphatikiza akazi ambiri. Poterepa, sizingatheke kukhalabe mawonekedwe a zipse kapena mzere wamtundu. Ndikofunikira kuti anthu abwino okhaokha komanso akhungu ndi omwe azitenga nawo mbali pakubala.
Chovuta chachikulu choyambitsa abusa a guppy ndikusunga kolumikizirana kwa mitundu ingapo ya guppy mu malo wamba otchedwa aquarium. Kulera kwamtunda kumabweretsa ana otsika mtengo.
Pali chinthu china pakukula ana agalu. Fryoyi imakula nthawi yayitali, koma kukula kwamphongo wamwamuna, atatha kutha, kuima. Kusasitsa kwachimuna kwambiri kwamphongo kumawonedwa ndi kutentha kwa 30 ° C, pomwe amuna samasiyana kukula kwakukulu. Fry ikayamba kutentha pafupifupi 22 ° C, kusinthasintha kwa amuna kumachedwetsedwa, koma nthawi yomweyo kumatha kukula. Gonopodia m'mitundu ya amuna ali ndi zaka 2-3.
Nthawi yayitali yodzipatula ya guppy mu aquarium yotentha yochepa kwambiri ndi zaka 3-4.
Kuswana kwa Endup guppy sikunali kosiyana ndi mtundu wa Poecilia reticulata guppy. Nthawi zambiri ,ikazi imabereka anthu owerengeka ochepa chabe. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mzere woyera wa zimbudzi za Endler, simungathe kusunga nsomba zomwe ndizogwirizana kwambiri, chifukwa mitanda ndi ana osakanizidwa ndizotheka.
Endler Guppy Zophatikiza
Chifukwa chake, kubereka mbewe mwachangu kumathandizira kuti msodzi aliyense wa m'madzi asamayesere kuyesa kugwira. Ndipo ngakhale njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina imatenga zaka zingapo, zotsatira zake zidzakhala kubadwa kwapadera kwambiri.
