Mitundu ya njovu imaphatikizapo mitundu khumi ndi imodzi kuchokera m'mabanja atatu: gibbon, pongid ndi hominid. Mabanja ena ali ndi mtundu umodzi wokha. Orangutan ndi ma giboni ambiri atsala pang'ono kutha. Mitundu yonse ya anyani yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko Lonse.
Chisinthiko cha mbewa
Ndizotheka kuti anthu ndi anyani aku Africa anali ndi makolo wamba. Nyani wamkulu, ngati munthu wakale, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosavuta, mwachitsanzo, miyala ndi timitengo, kuti apeze chakudya.
Nyani zazikulu komanso zazing'ono
Pazifukwa zina, asayansi ena samakonda kuphatikizira zigamba pagulu la anyani. Masiku ano, banja la gibbon limaphatikizidwa mu superfamily of anthropoids. A Gibbons amakhala ku Asia kokha kuchokera ku India Ass Ass kupita ku Indochina. Mwa mitundu ina, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chovala chachimuna cha hulok gibbon, monochromatic gibbon ndi Kloss gibbon ndi utoto wakuda, pomwe akazi ndi ana awo okutira ndi bulauni kapena imvi. Apapa akuluakulu ku Asia amaimiridwa ndi orangutan okha, omwe mtundu wawo umangokhala nkhalango za Kalimantan ndi Sumatra. Chimpanzi, anyani amtundu wa agiriki ndi agalu amapezeka ku West ndi Central Africa. Nthawi zambiri anyani akuluakulu amagona m'mazira omwe amamangidwa pamitengo, ndipo gorilla yekha amagona pansi.
Ma Giboni amakhala ndi matako matako awo, kotero iwo amatha kugona atakhala panthambi za mtengo zolimba. Anthropoid anyani popanda mafayilo amenewa amagona chisa chomwe chili ndi masamba. Amphamba akuluakulu amakhala nthawi yayitali: gibbons - pafupi zaka 25, mitundu yayikulu - mpaka zaka 50.
Njira Zosunthira Nyani
Oyimira ochepa kwambiri pagulu la anyani anthropoid - gibbons - omwe unyinji wawo umafika pa 8 kg. Mwapang'onopang'ono, amadumphira mosiyanasiyana m'nthambi za mitengo. Panthawi yosuntha anyani amagwiritsitsa nthambi zokhazo. Zimasambira ngati pendulum, zimatha kudumpha mpaka mamita khumi. Kudumpha, nyani amapanga liwiro la makilomita 16 pa ola limodzi. Atakhazikika pa nthambi imodzi ndikulunjika, ma gibons amapita patsogolo, pogwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri podikira. Amalumikizana kwambiri mapewa, akuchita kutembenuka kwa 360 °. Ma anthropoids ambiri amakwera mitengo bwino, ndikusankha nthambi zakuda zomwe zimathandizira kulemera kwa thupi. Orangutan amagawa kulemera kwawo pa miyendo yonse inayi, samadumpha. Chiwombankhanga chamadontho, kapena ma bonobos, omwe ali mu korona zamitengo amakhala ngati maoboti enieni. Amphamba onse ali ndi mikono yayitali komanso miyendo kumbuyo. Ambiri aiwo amasunthira pansi anayi. Agalu ndi anyani, komanso ma bonobos, amayenda molingana ndi zala za kutsogolo kwawo, pomwe ma orangutan amadalira nkhonya zawo.
Phokoso lopangidwa ndi nyani
Gibbon wamkulu kwambiri - siamang - ali ndi chikwama cha pakhosi chomwe amatha kulowerera. Chikwama chachikopa chimakhala ngati chosungunulira chomwe chimakulitsa mawu. Nthawi zambiri nyani akamveka mawu ofanana ndi khungwa lotuwa. Azibusa omwewo mdera lawo amalankhulanso mothandizidwa ndi ma sign amawu, ndipo zazikazi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri - kulira kwawo koyamba kutalika kumachepa mpaka atakhazikika pansi, kenako nyani amayambiranso "kukambirana". Amunawo amayankha mokweza mawu. Mwachiwonekere, kulira sikumangolekezera kumalire a gawo, koma ndi gawo la njira yolumikizirana yovuta .Anyamata achikulire achikulire amakhalanso ndi matumba okhala ndi mawonekedwe am'mero. Imatha kumveka pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi. Girilla wamwamuna, akawona zoopsa, akwera m'miyendo yake yakumbuyo, akumenya manja pachifuwa ndikufuula: "zamakono-zamakono". Khalidweli limatchedwa chiwonetsero. Chimpanzi chimpanzee ndi ma chimpanzi (bonobos) amalankhulana wina ndi mzake polira, kukuwa, kupukusa, ndi kunjenjemera. Chizindikiro chowopsa cha chimpanzee ndi kubangula kwambiri kumene kumamveka patali kwambiri.
Nyani zakudya
Agulu amadya masamba, zipatso, makungwa, bowa, masamba ndi mphukira. Imodzi mwa njira zake, gorilla wam'madzi yemwe amakhala ku West Africa, amadya tizilombo komanso mphutsi zake. Ziphuphu zimakonda kudya zipatso zokhwima. Orangutan amadya zipatso, masamba, tizilombo, ndi mazira mbalame. A chimpanthwe ndi nyani wodabwitsa. Zomwe amadya ndi zipatso, masamba ndi njere, koma anyani amafunitsitsa nyerere, chonde, mphutsi ndi mazira a mbalame. Nthawi zina amawononga zisa za njuchi pomadya mphutsi ndi uchi. Achimphona amadyera ana a anyani, agulu ndi nkhumba zakuthengo. Amaswa mtedza ndi miyala.
Kuswana
Anthropoids imalowera kutha msanga. Ma Gibons amayamba kukwatirana ali ndi zaka 6-7. Nyani wamkazi amabereka mwana wake wamwamuna woyamba wazaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 9. Amphamba akuluakulu anyani akuluakulu anthropoid amafika msinkhu wina pambuyo pake - pa zaka 7-8. Amuna achimuna amagonana mosiyanasiyana ndi abambo. M'matumba a gorilla, mtsogoleri wa gulu yekha ndi amene ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi akazi onse. Orangutan amakhala okha, choncho akazi okwatirana ndi amuna omwe adzakumana nawo nthawi yakubala. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri m'matumba a giboni ndi miyezi 9 ku gorilla. Wamkazi amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, mapasa samabadwa kawirikawiri. Agiboni amadyetsa ana amkaka kwa miyezi ingapo, anyani akuluakulu - motalika.
Mwana chimpanzi nthawi zambiri amadya mkaka wa mayi kwa zaka 4, kenako amakhala ndi amayi ake kwa nthawi yayitali, yemwe amawanyamula mtunda wautali kumbuyo kwake. Akazi amabereka ana achigiboni nthawi zambiri zaka ziwiri zilizonse, gorilla zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ndi chimpanzee wokhala ndi zaka 5-6. Mwana wa ng'ombe pagulu la anyani amamva bwino, chifukwa ziŵeto zonse zimateteza kwa adani.
Zinsinsi za nyani. Kanema (00:51:42)
Chimpanzi ndiye abale athu apamtima. Khalidwe lawo ndi laumunthu kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Chinthu chimodzi chimatisiyanitsa: chikhalidwe. Koma kodi izi ndizopambana zaumunthu? Kuyesa kwasayansi kuthengo kungathandize kudziwa ngati chimpanzi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso luso la anthu ena ndikupanga zida, chomwe ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha chikhalidwe.
TIMAYAMIKIRA KWAMBIRI
Nyani anzeru kwambiri, otukuka kwambiri ndi anthu. Pali mitundu inayi: ma orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee ndi chimpanzi cha pygmy, kapena bonobos. Chimpanzi ndi ma bonobos ndi ofanana kwambiri, ndipo mitundu ina iwiriyo sinafanane ndi chimpanzi kapena china chilichonse. Koma, komabe, anyani onse anthropoid amafanana zambiri. Nyani izi zilibe mchira, kapangidwe ka manja ake ndi kofanana ndi munthu, kuchuluka kwake kwa ubongo ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo nkhope yake imapangidwa ndi mizere ndi chikhazikitso, zomwe zikuwonetsa nzeru zapamwamba za nyama izi. Mu anyani anthropoid, monga mwa anthu, pali mitundu inayi ya magazi, ndipo magazi a bonobo amathanso kuthiridwa kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi mtundu wofanana wa magazi - izi zikuwonetsa ubale wawo "wamagazi" ndi anthu.
Mitundu yonse ya anyani ndi gorilla imakhala ku Africa, kontinentiyo imaganizira zaumunthu, ndipo orangutan, wachibale wathu wakale kwambiri wa anyani, amakhala ku Asia.
MOYO WABODZA WA CHIMPANZE
A chimpanzee amakhala m'magulu a anthu 20. Gululi, lotsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri m'modzi, liphatikiza amuna ndi akazi azaka zonse. Gulu la anyaniwa limakhala m'gululi, ndipo amuna amateteza ku nkhondo ya oyandikana nawo.
M'malo omwe mumakhala chakudya chochuluka, anyaniwa amakhala moyo wongokhala, koma ngati alibe chakudya chokwanira, amasamukira kudera lina kukafunafuna chakudya. Zimachitika kuti malo okhala magulu angapo amatsutsana, kenako amagwirizana kwakanthawi, ndipo pamikangano yonse mwayi ndi gulu lomwe mumakhala amuna ambiri omwe amakhala olimba. MaChimpanthi sapanga maukwati osakhalitsa, ndipo amuna onse achikulire ali ndi ufulu wosankha bwenzi pakati pa akazi achikulire, awo omwe ndi oyandikana nawo, omwe adalumikizana. Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, chimpanzee wamkazi amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi wopanda thandizo. Mpaka chaka chimodzi, mayi amanyamula mwana pamimba yake, kenako mwanayo amasunthira kumbuyo kwake. Kwa zaka 9, mayi ndi mwana ali pafupifupi osagwirizana. Amayi amaphunzitsa ana awo chilichonse chomwe angathe kuchita, kuwadziwitsa zakunja ndi gulu lina la gululi. Nthawi zina makanda okalamba amatumizidwa ku "kindergarten", komwe amakakambirana ndi anzawo moyang'aniridwa ndi akazi angapo achikulire. Pofika zaka 13, anyaniwa amakhala achikulire, mamembala odziyimira pagululo, ndipo anyamata achichepere pang'onopang'ono amatenga nawo mbali pomenyera nkhondo. Chimpanzi ndi nyama zamwano. Quarrel mkati mwa gulu nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndewu zamagazi, nthawi zina zakupha. Manja osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi phokoso, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe sakukhutira kapena kuvomereza, amathandizira kukhazikitsa ubale ndi nyani aliyense. Kukondana ndi nyaniyo kumafotokozerana, ndikugwirana tsitsi.
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