Banja La Parrots - Psittacidae - amakhala makamaka ku Africa ndi America, komanso amapezeka ku Australia, ndi mchira waifupi wowongoka kapena wowongoka. Khalani pamitengo. Izi zikuphatikiza, pakati pa zina, mbalame zamtundu wa Amazonia kapena zobiriwira (Androglossa), paroti wa imvi kapena Jaco (Psittacus erithacns), ma parrots osagwirizana (Agapornis, Inseparables), parrots (Ralaeornis) ndi mbalame zina zodziwika bwino za dera la Australia. mtundu umodzi wokha kuchokera m'banjali amakhala 3 ku Wallace line ku zilumba za Philippines, wokhala ndi mchira waufupi, theka wokutidwa ndi mapiko, ndi mutu wawukulu wam'manja pamutu pake. Ma parrots a ku Arara (Sittacidae) amaphatikiza theka laaparoti onse odziwika, okhala ndi mchira wautali, wokhala ndi mkombero, amakhala ku America ndi Australia. Izi zikuphatikizapo Arara kapena Macaw (Sittace). Caroline parrot (Conurus carolineasis), wotambalala P. (Platycercus), budgerigars (Melopsittacus) ndi ena. Lori parrot (Trichoglossidae) ali ndi mchira waufupi, nsonga ya lilime yokhala ndi mapilirita ambiri amtundu wa burashi amapangira burashi, imadyerera pang'onopang'ono pamitengo ndi maluwa. Amakhala kudera la Australia, ndipo mtundu Nestor, wopatsidwa ndi banja lina, ku New Zealand.
M'magulu osiyanasiyana, mabanja apamtundu wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwangwala amapezeka pagulu la mitundu ya Psittacinae
* Tribe Vagina - Arini
* Triba Cyclopsitticini
* Tribe Micropsittini
* Tribe Nestorini
* Triba Platycercini
* Tribe Psittrichadini
* Tribe Tailed Parrots - Psittacini
* Tribe Psittaculini
* Tribe Strigopini
* Mapulogalamu a Tribe - Platycercini
Ndipo maLorievites okha ndi omwe amapatsidwa gawo laling'ono Loriinae, m'magulu ena amapatsidwa gawo la banja lodziimira, lomwe limaphatikizapo
* Triba Hanging Parrots kapena Bat - Loriculini
* Rams Rams - Loriini
Mu kapangidwe kameneka, magawano ofala kwambiri m'mabanja ocheperawa amavomerezedwa.
13.09.2017
Parrot (lat. Deroptyus accipitrinus) ndi mbalame yautali kwambiri kuchokera kubanja la Parrot (lat. Psittacidae). Kumbuyo kwa mutu wake kuli chifanizo cha nthenga zofiira zofiirira, zimafanana ndi kambuku. Pachifukwachi, amatchedwanso khungubwe wokhala ndi mutu wa hawk. Maonekedwe awa amawaupatsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndipo amathandizira kuwopsyeza owopa kudya.
Kufalitsa
Zamoyo za mbalamezi zimakhala m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso m'nkhalango za savannah kumpoto kwa South America pamalo okwera mpaka 400m pamwamba pa nyanja. Amatha kupezeka ku Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Peru ndi Ecuador.
M'dzikoli muli mitsinje ikuluikulu ya Orinoco. Mpaka pano, mabizinesi awiri a D.a. adadziwika. accipitrinus ndi D.a. mapa. Mabuku omaliza amawonedwa ku mayiko aku Brazil okhaokha a Para ndi Mato Grosso kumwera kwa mtsinje wa Amazon.
Khalidwe
Mtunduwu mu vivo umabweretsa moyo wachinsinsi ndipo umayesetsa kuti usakope chidwi chochuluka. Nkhupakupa ndi zachilengedwe, zosavuta kuzilimbitsa komanso kuphatikiza mbuye wawo. Popeza atakula, mbalame zimawonetsa mkwiyo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawachitira nkhanza anthu ndi ziweto.
Kuthamangitsidwa muukapolo ndikovuta kwambiri kwa iwo ndipo kumafuna nthawi yambiri. Ambiri mwaiwo amakana kubereka m'maselo.
Palibe chidziwitso chambiri chokhudza kuswana kuthengo. Zaka zaposachedwa, akatswiri azachipatala amatha kudziwa zisa ziwiri m'nkhalangozi. Iliyonse kunalinso mwana wankhuku imodzi.
Chisa chimapezeka m'maenje a mitengo, nthawi zambiri m'miyeso yakale. Mu clutch nthawi zambiri mumakhala mazira awiri kapena atatu oyera. Makulitsidwe amatenga pafupifupi masiku 26. Yazikazi yokha yomwe imalowetsa mazira, chifukwa chodalira mkazi. Makolo onsewa amatenga nawo mbali podyetsa ana. Nkhupakupa zimakhala zamapeto pafupifupi zaka 9-10.
Parotiwa amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono mpaka mbalame 20. Ntchito imadziwonekera masana, kusunthira mumtambo wakuthengo. Alibe malo ogona, momwe zimakhalira ndi mbalame zofanizira zaku South America. Kuuluka kwawo nkovuta kwambiri ndipo kumakhala magawo azokonzekera nthawi yayitali. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo mtedza, zipatso, maluwa, mbewu, ndi zipatso. Mbalame zokhala ndi mbalame zina nthawi zina zimapita m'minda kukasangalala ndi zipatso zakupsa, zomwe amakonda kwambiri.
Mbalame zimatha kupanga phokoso lalikulu la mafungulo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva kulira kokhala ndi kamvekedwe kakafupi komanso ma toni awiri atali. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda kucheza kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amaliza likhweru mwakachetechete.
Kunyumba, mbalame zaphokoso zimakhala ngati zolengedwa zaphokoso kwambiri. Poyamba amakhala amanjenje kwambiri komanso amanyazi, nthawi zambiri kuchokera pamavuto amayamba kudzikola nthenga zawo. Pang'onopang'ono muzolowere malo atsopano, muzikonda kusamba. Nthawi yakukhwima, amakhala okayikira komanso wankhanza, ndipo zimatha kuvulaza alimi omwe alibe nzeru.
Kwa munthu wamkulu m'modzi, pobisalira malo okhala ndi voliyumu yochepera 3x1.5x2 m.Ndi kukula kwake kochepa, mbalame zimapanikizika chifukwa chokhala phee. Kutentha kwa mpweya pansi pa 15 ° C kumabweretsa kuzizira, chifukwa chake, kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuzisamalira m'malo osachepera 25 ° C. Malo opumulirako ndi ogona amakhala okonzedwa ndi aviary, mwabwino kwambiri ngati mabokosi ang'onoang'ono ngati nyumba zopangira mbalame zoyezera 30x30x75 cm.
Oimira amtunduwu ndi otchuka chifukwa chanzeru komanso kuthamanga. Akakhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi eni ake, amatha kuloweza pamawu ambiri mawu ndi ziganizo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito molimbika m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuvina ziphalaphala ndi zakudya kwambiri. Monga lamulo, amakonda kudya chipatso chilichonse ndipo samasinthanso zakudya zoyenera.
Muukapolo idyani nthochi, maapulo, mapeyala ndi zipatso zamalanje. Mwa masamba, kaloti ndi omwe amakonda. Idyani nthangala za chimanga ndi nyemba, zimakonda kwambiri mbewu za mpendadzuwa ndi maungu.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 33 mpaka 35. Kulemera kumachokera ku 190-280 g. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakale ndi wobiriwira. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kumakhala nthenga za nthenga zomwe zimatuluka nthawi yamasewera, mantha kapena kupsa mtima.
Nthenga zofiira ndi mikwingwirima ya buluu zimamera pachifuwa, m'mimba ndi nape. Mphumi ndi korona zoyera ndi zonona, kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mbali zake ndizobiriwira. Pansi pa mchira ndi m'mbali mwa mapiko ake ndi bulauni.
Utawaleza wamaso ndi wachikasu, mulomo ndi wakuda, miyendo imachita imvi. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasowa malo owoneka bwino pamutu pa mutu. Thupi lam'munsi ndi mulomo wake ndi wopepuka, ndipo maso ndi a bulauni.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa zimphona zaphokoso ndi pafupifupi zaka 20 mpaka 22.
Mawonekedwe
Makhalidwe a mbalameyo amatengera momwe mbalame zimakhalira, mtundu wake, komanso mtundu wa mbalamezo. Kuchokera pamalingaliro owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe akunja a mbalame yotere amayimiriridwa ndi pamwamba pamutu, mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu, khosi, kumbuyo ndi mapiko, mapewa, chifuwa ndi m'mimba, miyendo ndi mchira. Ziromboti zili ndi maso akulu, ndipo cornea (mawonekedwe owoneka bwino) imaphimba mbali yakutsogolo yamaso, momwe momwe mandala amtundu wina amaonekera bwino. Phunziroli lili pakatikati pa mandala. Khutu la mbalameyo imagawika pakati komanso sekondale, ndipo nthenga zazing'ono zimakwirira mabowo.
Mlomo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi parrot sikuti amangomata chakudya ndi madzi akumwa, komanso amathandizanso pakukwera. Mbalame zimasiyana m'miyendo yopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri ya mlomo ndi chibwano chake chapamwamba. Pansi pamilomo mumadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa serafini wapadera wazithunzi zosiyanasiyana, wowoneka bwino kapena wopanda utoto. Pali mphuno pa nthenga za mbalame.
Zolocha zamtsogolo zimasinthidwa, zoyimiriridwa ndi zolimba ndikupangidwira mapiko othawa. Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pamapiko zimaphatikizapo mapiko ndi mapiko a contour, ndipo ndikatsekedwa, gawo ili la thupi limasunga kutentha kosakhazikika kwa mbalame.
Chingwe cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziphalaphala chimaphatikizira nthenga zazikulu zazikulu zingapo za mchira zomwe zimaphimba mchira wake ndi mchira wawo, ngati zokutira mchira zazitali zosiyanasiyana. Miyendo ya mbalame zamtundu uliwonse ndi yochepa komanso yolimba, yopangidwa bwino. Mbalame zokhala ndi zokhala ndi zala zinayi kumapazi awo, chachiwiri ndi chachitatu chomwe ndicitali, cholozera kutsogolo. Zala zamkati komanso zala zakunja zikuyang'ana kumbuyo. Zala zake ndi zakuthwa komanso zopindika, zazitali zazitali.
Kukula kwa mbalame
Mitundu yambiri yaziphwimba ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa abale awo. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu ena amatha kukula mpaka mita kutalika, ngakhale pali mitundu ina yomwe kukula kwake kuchokera kum mchira mpaka korona ndi 10 cm 10 mpaka 10. Zapulogalamu zazikulu kwambiri zimatchulidwa kuti:
- amazon chikat:
- chachikulu vase parrot
- Lory the white
- tambala wachikasu ndi chakuda,
- owl parrot
- macaw ofiira ndi achikasu achikasu
- Macaw hyacinth.
Ma parroti ang'onoang'ono amadziwika osati ndi kukula kwawo pang'ono, komanso ndi kukongola kwakunja. Mbalame zotere zimachokera ku mitundu yambiri nthawi zambiri zimasamalidwa ndi anthu, achangu komanso anzeru. Oyimira ochepa kwambiri a banja la parrot ndi otchera mitengo, omwe kutalika kwa thupi lawo ndi 7-13 masentimita, ndipo osaposa 12-13 g. Sparrow-ngati mbalame zamtunduwu Mpheta zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 12-14 cm, zolemera 25-30 g.
Moyo
Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala m'matumba osiyanasiyana, ndipo zina zimakonda kukhala m'midzi. Gulu la mbalame pofunafuna madzi ndi chakudya limatha kuyenda maulendo pafupipafupi, kuthana mtunda wautali komanso kusintha malo.
Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala pabowo, koma mitundu ina imakhala m'makola kapena m'miyala. Kubaya ndi kufuula mokweza kwambiri kwamitundu yayikulu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kumva kwa khutu la munthu. Napulogalamu zazing'ono, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi mawu osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa.
Utali wamoyo
Mosiyana ndi malingaliro olakwika ofala kwambiri a anthu wamba, moyo wabwinopo wokhala ndi paroti ukhoza kukhala zaka zana kapena kuposerapo, ndipo pali mazana ambiri azaka zofananira m'mabanja omwe ali ndi utoto, koma nthawi zambiri mamembala am'banja sapitilira theka la zaka.
Mwachitsanzo, chiyembekezo cha moyo wamba wa abwanawe wamba ali mu ukapolo ndi pafupifupi zaka 12 mpaka 13, koma mmodzi pa ziweto zana amakhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo aliyense wazaka zana amatha kukhala zaka 18 mpaka 19. Ndipo zaka zenizeni zokhala ndi moyo muukapolo wa Amazons a Cuba ndi zaka makumi anayi.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Mitundu ya zimbudzi zimakhala mkati mwa m'mimba. Kwa amuna, kupezeka kwa ma testes wooneka ngati nyemba ndi ma vas deferens otsegulira mu cloaca ndi khalidwe. Mwa akazi, ovary yamanzere nthawi zambiri imapangidwa bwino, komanso pali oviduct wautali wosakhazikika womwe umatseguka mu cloaca. Zikatero, mazira mkati mwa ovary samapangidwa nthawi imodzi.
Kuonera zamatsenga mu mitundu yonse yamapulogalamu yomwe ilipo sikufotokozedweratu. Zachikazi zazikulu ndi zazimuna za mbalame zotere ndizopakidwa utoto pafupifupi. Kupatula pa lamuloli lero kumangoperekedwa ndi oimira mitundu ya Noble Parrot, momwe kusiyanasiyana pakati pa kugonana kumadziwika kwambiri komanso kutchulidwa kuti nthawi yayitali akazi ndi amuna adalakwika chifukwa cha mbalame zosiyana.
Amazons
Amazons ndi oimira mtundu wakale wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, zomwe zimadziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Columbus. Mbalame zazikulu kwambiri zimatalika masentimita 40, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, kusewera, komanso kuthekera kolankhula momveka bwino. Zamoyozi zimakonda kukhala zobiriwira, koma pali mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi mawanga owala mchira, mdera la mutu ndi mapiko. Makhalidwe a malo okhala ndi mitunduyo akuwonekera mu mayina amitundu yomwe ilipo: Amaso akuoneka amaso a buluu ndi amaso abuluu, amaso achikasu, Venezuelan, Cuba ndi ena.
Macaw - mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zochuluka kuposa abale awo, omwe matupi awo amafikira mita imodzi. Zambiri mwa omwe akuyimira mitunduyi zimayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yobiriwira yowala komanso yokhutira, buluu, ofiira komanso achikaso. Mbali yodziwika ndi mitundu ya kukhalapo kwa malo opanda maula m'mphepete mwa mutu, komanso kuzungulira maso. Mitundu ya rubella ya macaw imayimira khutu lake la nyimbo komanso kutsata kwabwino nyimbo. M'mbuyomu, mbalame zoterezi zimasungidwa ngati alonda, kudziwitsa eni ake kulira kwawo kokweza kwambiri za mawonekedwe a alendo.
Aratinga
Aratinga ndi nthumwi za mitundu yayikulu-kakang'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 20-30 cm.Ndi mbalame zotere zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osangalala komanso ochezeka. Kunyumba, zimbira zimatchedwa "nkhuni." Mitundu yoyera ndi dzuwa, komanso mitundu yamitundu ya golide kwa nthawi yayitali idalumikizitsa mbalame zamitundu yachilendo zowoneka ndi mitundu yowala pamitundu yambiri. Zolakwika zazikulu zamtunduwu zimaphatikizidwa ndi mawu akuthwa kwambiri komanso omveka, omwe parrot yotere imatha kufalitsa chifukwa chilichonse.
Ma Parrots oyera-oyera
Mitengo yokhala ndi mbewa yoyera ndi mbalame zomwe zimadziwika ndi dzina lodziwika bwino kuti zizioneka ngati maonekedwe. Ma parrots okhala ndi pakati ndi amodzi amakhala ndi thupi lodzaza komanso utoto, wokongola kwambiri pamapiko, kumbuyo, mchira ndi mutu. Nthenga za mbalame zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri yachikasu, lalanje ndi yobiriwira. Gulu la ma parroti okhala ndi mutu wofiirira komanso wakuda amaonekera. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zamtunduwu ndizabwino kuzidziwa komanso zanzeru, zokhala ndi chidwi komanso chofulumira.
Chokoleza kapena chokongoletsera
Parrot wokonda ndimtundu wakutali, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa motley wa maula. Anthu amaso opepuka ali ndi nthenga zofiirira kumbali ya mutu, mapiko obiriwira, komanso khosi lofiirira komanso chifuwa. Nthenga zonse zakutsogolo zili ndi cheza cha buluu. Kuchepa kwa oimira mitundu ndi nthenga zakuda pamphumi. Pulogalamu ya fan imatengera dzina lake kuthekera kwokweza nthenga panthawi yachisangalalo, chifukwa chomwe kolala yodziwika bwino imapangidwa mozungulira mutu, yofanana ndi maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mtsogoleri wa amwenye aku America. Maonekedwe awa amapatsa Parrot mwamphamvu komanso nyama, mwamaonekedwe.
Ma Budgies
Mphukira ndi mbalame yaying'ono, yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuyankhula kwake komanso maonekedwe ake okongola. Mwachilengedwe, mtundu wa udzu unkakhala chitetezo chodalirika kwa adani. Kusiyana pakati pa oimira nyamazo ndi kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wofiirira komanso wakuda pamasaya, ndipo dzinalo limalongosoleredwa ndi wakuda wakuda wa mbalamezo. Chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri za kubereketsa, mitundu yambiri ya mabulangete idaswedwa, yomwe idakhala mbalame yokongoletsa kwambiri yomwe imatha kuuluka bwino bwino.
Parrots
Mpheta ndi nzika za mitengo yamangawa yomwe ili pafupi ndi nkhokwe ku Brazil, America ndi Colombia, komwe mbalame zotere zimadziwika kwambiri. Mbalame zokhala ndi zobiriwira, zachikaso, zobiriwira zamtambo zimakongoletsa malo achilengedwe. Kutalika kwa thupi la achikulire sikupita masentimita 14 mpaka 15. Mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi mchira wamfupi komanso wamtambo, ndizolimba mtima komanso zimatha kuukira mbalame zomwe zimaposa kukula kwake. Kutengera mawonekedwe a utoto, waku Mexico, wokhala ndi mapiko abuluu, nkhope yachikasu ndi abale ena amasiyana. Oimira mitunduyi ali okonzeka kubereka azaka chimodzi.
Jaco ndi mbalame zoyimbira pano zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zanzeru komanso zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri, zomwe malingaliro ake ndi ofanana ndi msinkhu wa mwana wazaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Kuphatikiza pa kubalanso phokoso, nthumwi za mitunduyi ndizotheka kudziwa momwe katundu wolemetsa angakhalire. Mtundu wa nyama yokhala ndi ulusiwu imawonedwa kuti ndi yovuta, imafuna njira yapadera. Kukula kwa phula yokongola komanso yanzeru kumakhala pakati, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumafika 30-35 masentimita, ndi kukula kwa mchira mkati mwa 8-9 masentimita.
Emerald parrot
Parrot ya emerald lero ndioyimira payekha wamtunduwu, msonkhano womwe ndi wosowa kwambiri. Mbalame zachikhalidwe chotere zimakonda kuyanjana m'magulu a anthu khumi ndi asanu ndi m'modzi. Pakakhala njala kapena nyengo yoipa, magulu ang'onoang'ono amatembenuka, motero kuthawa mbalame zimatha kupanga "mitambo" yayikulu. Pazomera zamasamba, zinkhwe zambiri zimawoneka kuti zimasungunuka, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mosavuta ndi mtundu wa emerald wa nthenga. Oimira nyamazo ali ndi miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi toenails mwamphamvu. Mlomo wowokedwa, ngati kuti unasinthidwa kuti uzikumba nthawi zonse kukumba m'nthaka kapena kufunafuna tizilombo m'makoko a mtengo.
Cockatoo
Okonda ndi akatswiri ambiri amawayikira kwambiri nthumwi za mitundu yayikulu yamapira amphaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo abwino komanso kukula kwawo kwakukulu. Anthu akuluakulu amtunduwu amafika kutalika kwa 60-70 cm. Mlomo wamphamvupo wamphamvu komanso wokhwima bwino umafanana ndi nipers, mothandizidwa ndi lomwe chipolopolo cha mtedza chimatsegulidwa ndi mbalame. Ngati angafune, tambalayo amatha kuluma mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a tambala ndi kupezeka kwa munthu woseketsa. Mtundu wa zokongoletsera zokongola ngati izi, monga lamulo, zimasiyana ndi mtundu wa zofunikira zazikulu. Zojambula zakumbuyo zimadziwika ndi mbiri yapinki, yoyera komanso yachikaso. Joso wokhala ndi mitundu yakuda yamapula ndizosowa kwambiri.
Owl parrot
Kakapo ndi mbalame yakale kwambiri yomwe sinathenso kuuluka mwachangu. Chifukwa cha zovekera zochuluka kumutu, maonekedwe a kadzidzi ndi ofanana ndi kadzidzi. Mitengo yofewa komanso nyama yokoma kwambiri ya mbalame yotereyi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zothandizira kuti mbalamezi zigulitsidwe, zomwe anthu ake adangokhala kumadera akutali ku New Zealand. Mbalame yayikuluyo imalemera mpaka 4 kg, ili ndi mawu ofuwula, ofanana ndi mayitanidwe a bitterns, kukuwa kwa nkhumba kapena kulira kwa bulu. Mtundu wamafuta ndi ofanana ndi zovala zobisika. Mbalameyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni ndi malo akuda. Akuluakulu a cocoa amakhala moyo wawo wokha, amakonda madera okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
New Zealand Parrots
Kanapala wa Kakariki kapena New Zealand ali m'gulu la mbalame zodziwika bwino zomwe zimakhala zopanda chilengedwe. Mbalame zazing'ono zazitali zimakhala ndi mchira wautali wamtundu wobiriwira. Tikasungidwa, kunja kwa khola, ziweto zoterezi ndizofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ufulu woyenda kwa maola anayi kapena asanu patsiku. Kakariki ndi mbalame zochezeka bwino, nthawi zambiri zimatha kudziwonetsa pawokha ndikupewa chiwopsezo cha mwini.
Nestors
Kea kapena Nestors, malinga ndi akatswiri a ornithologists, adatenga dzina lawo chifukwa cha kulira kosadziwika bwino, komwe kumafanana kwambiri ndi mawu "ke-eaaaaa." Zamoyo zazinyama zamtunduwu zimakonda malo amapiri omwe ali pamalo okwera kuposa mita ndi theka mamitala kumtunda kwa nyanja. Madera oterewa amadziwika ndi ankhandwe, mphepo ndi nkhungu. Kea mwamtendere mopirira ngakhale mkuntho wa mkuntho ndipo umatha kuchita zazikulu ngati enieni. Mafumu a maolivi a mbalameyi amanjenjemera ndi nuzi wofiira-lalanje komanso nthenga zowala kwambiri mkati mwa mapiko. Zowonjezera zazikulu za Nestors zimakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yamtambo. Kea lero ali m'gulu la mamembala anzeru kwambiri am'banja la parrot.
Zapapoti zolimbirana kapena zopindika
Mbalame zokongola kwambiri komanso zachisomo zimakhala ndi mchira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi thupi lalitali, mkati mwa 45-50 cm.Pulogalamu yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa khosi lodabwitsa kwambiri m'khosi kapena mkanda wamtundu wakuda m'njira yamtundu. Mitengo yocheperako imakhala yobiriwira kwambiri, ndipo mulomo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwera mitengo ndi mbalame, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi miyendo yofooka komanso yopanda bwino.
Rosella
Rosella amayamikiridwa ndi anthu okonda nyama zokhala ndi zokometsetsa zokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo, komanso kuchuluka kwake kosaneneka, kukumbukira miyeso ya nsomba mu utoto wake. Zambiri mwa mbalame zoterezi zimadziwika ndi mitundu yambiri yowala, yomwe imayimilidwa ndi ma buluu, ofiira, achikaso achikuda. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimatha kuzolowera pafupifupi chilichonse, chifukwa chake zimatha kudziwa bwino malo ake osungirako zinyama ndi mapaki ndipo zimasinthidwa mwachangu kukonzanso nyumba. Kutchuka kwa rosella kumachitika chifukwa cha nyimbo zawo, komanso chizoloŵezi chakuyimba modekha.
Ma parrots a Senegal
Mbalame zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati zimadziwika ndi mapiko ataliatali. Oimira achikulire a mtunduwu amakonda kuchita zanzeru zamasamu. Mawonekedwe a mbalamezi amasiyanitsidwa ndi mimba yam'mimba ndi msana wobiriwira, komanso mawonekedwe amtundu m'mutu. Ndikosavuta kuweta nyama zakutchire, koma anapiye omwe ali m'mabedi azomera amasinthika mwachangu komanso mosavuta kupita ku ukapolo.
Zotsatira
Mphalapala wamtunduwu amadziwika ndi machitidwe ake abwino. Mbalame zotere zimadziwika ndi kutseguka kwathunthu komanso chikondi, ndipo chifukwa cha kudzipatula zimatha kukhala bwenzi lenileni ndi mnzake wa munthu. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wachikulire kumasintha kuchoka pa 35-37 mpaka 43-45 cm.Mtunduwu, mbalame zimakhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe ali ndi utoto wolemera, ndipo mapiko ochititsa chidwi komanso okongola amatha kupatsa chidwi cha mbalameyo.
Habitat, malo okhala
Mbalame za Motley zimakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Oposa theka la mitundu yonse yodziwika masiku ano amakhala ku Australia, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mbalame zotere limakhala ku South ndi Central America. Mbali yocheperako ya mbalamezo yomwe amakhala ku Africa ndi maiko a South Asia. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zamtchire zimakonda nkhalango, koma mitundu ina imatha kukhazikika m'malo opezekapo ndi mapiri. Malo okhala, chimbudzi, mabowo ndi zibowo ndi nyumba za mbalame.
Parrot gawo
Pakadali pano, mabanja angapo akuwoneka: ma tambala ndi maparishi. Banja la cockatoo linali lochita bwino nthawi ina zapitazo. Ma taxonomist ambiri amasiyanitsa mabanja apabanja la Nestor ndi Loria kukhala mabanja osiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, mabanja angapo masiku ano alipo pafupifupi mitundu 316-350.
Gawo lalikulu la mtunduwu ndi m'gulu la mbalame zotchedwa herbivorous, zomwe zimadya nthangala ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, ma rhizomes, komanso zam'mera zambiri, zamitundu yambiri. Ena mwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhanira zimadyera timadzi tokoma, timitengo ta mungu ndi mungu. Parrots amagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga chakudya chama protein.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Wathanzi komanso wamphamvu ana amapangika kuchokera ku awiriawiri mbalame zamabanja osiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, zaka zomwe mbalamezo zimatha kukonzekera kubereka, chifukwa mitundu yambiri, imangopezeka mchaka chimodzi ndi theka kapena ziwiri, ndipo zizindikiritso zapamwamba zimawonedwa mbalame zazaka zitatu. Parrots samadziwika ndi machitidwe achiwawa kwambiri nthawi yakukhwima.
Parrots chisa makamaka m'maenje, koma angagwiritsenso ntchito burrows kapena chithaphwi cha mgodi pachifukwa ichi. Zowoneka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana. Mwa oyimilira a nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala m'mgulu lalikulu, awiriawiri amapangika mothandizidwa ndi zina zoyipa, kuphatikiza imfa ya mnzakeyo, kulephera kusanja kapena kuchuluka pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imabereka kamodzi pachaka, ndipo m'mitundu yaying'ono, magulu awiri kapena anayi amatha kuwoneka munyengo. Kuyika kwa mbalame kumasiyana kukula kwake ndipo kumatha kukhala ndi mazira 1-12 (nthawi zambiri 2-5). Monga lamulo, mazira amaswedwa ndi akazi okha. Nkhupakupa zimabadwa khungu ndi maliseche, ndipo makolo amadyetsa ana mwakuwachotsa pachakudya chawo.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe a mbalame zotchedwa zinkhanira amaimiridwa ndi nyama zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi zilombo zazikulu, komanso nyama zambiri zapakhomo. Nyama ya mitundu ina ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, makamaka agalu ndi amazon, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi amwenye achikhalidwe omwe amakhala kudera la South America, komanso ndi aborigine aku Australia.
Malinga ndi umboni waapaulendo ndi akatswiri, mitundu ina yaku India ya Amazon idakulanso nthomba za macaw. Mbalame zomwe zimakula motere sizimaphedwa chifukwa cha nyama, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula nthenga zowoneka bwino nthawi ndi nthawi popanga zikondwerero zam'mutu.
Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ndi mitundu ya mitundu
Parrots, ngati nthumwi zamtunduwu, zilipo kuyambira zaka za zana lachisanu BC. Kwa zaka masauzande angapo, mbalameyi idatulutsidwa chifukwa cha maonekedwe owala ndi maonekedwe okongola, ogwidwa kuti akhale mu ukapolo. Kudula mitengo mwachangu kunathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbalame zotere. Mitundu ina yanyamuka kale kapena ili pafupi kutha. Pakadali pano mu Red Book (IWC) alembedwa:
- Parrot waku Australia,
- Seychelles chilumba
- mitundu ina yamapulogalamu amazon,
- mankhwala azitsamba
- cacapo (nocturnal or owl parrot).
Kakapo amadziwika kuti adasowa m'malo achilengedwe, chifukwa chake omwe akuyimira nyamazo lero amapezeka kokha m'malo osungirako ana ndi malo osungirako anthu. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zidalembedwerazi, mitundu yachilendo yomwe imapezekanso ndi Inca cockatoo, macaw a buluu, aratinga wagolide, amazon yachifumu, komanso macuba a Cuba ndi Solomon cockatoo.
Kusungidwa kwa mitundu yachilengedwe kumakhudzidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Kuti izi zitheke, kuchuluka kwa malo osungirako ndi malo osungira kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo kulera mbalame mu ukapolo kumatsimikizika ndikumasulidwa kwa mbalame kumalo achilengedwe. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi zauchifwamba ndi kuletsa kutumiza nyama popanda chilolezo kuchokera kumayiko ena ndizodziwikanso kuti ndizothandiza.
Gulu
Banja la parrot lagawidwa m'mabanja asanu
- Madalin (Micropsitta) Amakhala ku New Guinea ndi zilumba zapafupi. Anthu ochepa kwambiri m'banjamo. Kutalika kwa matupi awo sikudutsa 10 cm, mapiko - pafupifupi 6-7 cm.
- Loriinae (Loriinae). Amakhala ku Australia, New Guinea, kum'mawa kwa Indonesia ndi Philippines. Ena msonkho amasiyanitsa banja losiyana.
- Parrots enieni (Psittacinae). Amakhala makamaka ku Africa ndi America, komanso amapezeka ku Australia, ndi mchira waifupi, wowongoka kapena wowongoka. Khalani pamitengo.
- Nyama zodziwika bwino kapena zadothi (Strigopinae) zimadziwika ndi zojambula zam'madzi ku New Zealand ndipo zimafanana ndi kadzidzi pakuwoneka. Ali ndi nthenga zofewa. Mitundu inayi yolumikizana imakhala pansi pa mizu yamitengo ndi mizere.
- Nestorina mbalame zotchedwa (Nestorinae). Amakhala kuzilumba za New Zealand.
Tanthauzo lophiphiritsa
- Parrot mu Russian imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza "kubwereza mawu" (mwa kuthekera kwa parrots kupangira phokoso).
- "Parrot" amatanthauza muyeso wosadziwika (malinga ndi nkhani ya "maparoti 38" a Gregory Oster ndi makanema ojambula potengera izi, momwe kutalika kwa woyeserera wa boa anayeza mu "ma parrots").
- Parrot imatchedwa china chomwe chimakhala chowala, ndikupangitsa kuphatikiza mitundu kapena kupaka utoto.