ZOCHITSA - mtundu wa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa za makoswe. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 27 cm, kutalika mpaka masentimita 7. Mitundu isanu, ku Asia, ku Russia mitundu itatu, kuchokera ku Zap. Siberia kupita ku Primorye. Amakhala moyo wapansi. Mizere yopanda malire imafikira kutalika kwa mamita 40 ndi kuya kwa 1 1.5 m ... Large Encyclopedic Dictionary
ZOCOR - (Myospalax), mtundu wa hamsters. Mmodzi yekhayo m'modzi. zamkati. Nthawi zina lingalirani za C. banja. Pansi pa moyo wamunthu, gulani mothandizidwa ndi nsapato zamphamvu zakutsogolo. Maso ndi ochepa kwambiri, akunja. khutu likusowa. CHABWINO. Mitundu 7, ku Asia, mitundu ya USSR 3 ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary
zabor - mtundu wa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa za makoswe. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 27 cm, kutalika mpaka masentimita 7. Mitundu isanu, ku Asia, Russia mitundu 3, kuchokera ku Western Siberia kupita ku Primorye. Amakhala ndi moyo wapansi, mabatani ovuta kufikirako amatalika pafupifupi 40 m ndipo akuya 1 1.5 m. * * * KOLIMA ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
zabor - cokorai udindo T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas gentis apibrėžtis Gentyje 5 rūšys. Paplitimo arealas - Centr. ir R. Azijos stepės ir miškastepės. atitikmenys: zambiri. Myospalax angl. mbewa, mole mbewa, makoswe tambala, zokors vok. ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas
Zocors - (Myospalax) ndi mtundu wa makoswe a hamster subfamily. Kutalika kwa thupi 15 27 cm, mchira 3 cm 7 7. Khutu lakunja kulibe, maso ndi ochepa. Zovala pazakutsogolo zimakulitsidwa, zimasinthidwa kukumba. Kupanga monophonic, brownish ndi ashen ... Big Soviet Encyclopedia
ZOCHITSA - Mitundu ya mamina neg. makoswe. Chifukwa matupi mpaka 27 cm, mchira mpaka masentimita 7. Mitundu isanu, ku Asia, ku Russia mitundu itatu, kuchokera ku Zap. Siberia kupita ku Primorye. Amakhala ndi moyo wapansi panthaka, mabowo ovuta kumanga amafika kutalika kwa 40 m ndi kuya kwa 1 1.5 m ... Sayansi yachilengedwe. Buku lotanthauzira mawu
zabor - q okory, s, mayunitsi h. bwino, ndi ... Russian Spelling Dictionary
Zocors - (Myospalax) mtundu wamakedzana ochokera ku banja la a murine. Amapezeka ku Asia, azikhala moyo wapansi. Amakumba nyumba zazikulu zozungulira, zolembedwa pansi ndi milu ya dziko lapansi, ndi mabowo akuya. Sakonda kubwera pamwamba. Amadyetsa mobisa ... ... Kafukufuku wofotokozera za sayansi ya nthaka
Clan Zokora - 10/11/16. Zocora genus Myospalax Rodents adazolowera moyo wapansi, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndi machitidwe a thupi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 20 26 cm, mchira 5 masentimita 6. Thupi limakhala lozungulira, lowongoka, losalala, ngati kuti ndilibe khosi. Maso ndi ... ... Zinyama zaku Russia. Directory
Subfamily Socoridae (Myospalacinae) - Mu subfamily pali mtundu umodzi wa polytypic wa wamba wamba (Myospalax myospalax), womwe umagawanika m'magulu angapo omwe amadziwika bwino ndi mitundu komanso mawonekedwe ake. Nthawi zambiri, zomerazi zimawonedwa monga mitundu yosiyana. Zocors ... ... Biological Encyclopedia
05.02.2018
Altai Zokor (lat.Myosplax myosplax) ndi makulidwe apakatikati a banja la Mole-makoswe (Splalacidae). Kunja, kumafanana ndi timadontho ting'onoting'ono. Nyamayi imagwira ntchito chaka chonse ndipo malo omwe imakonda kukhala nyama yabwino.
Kufalitsa
Mtunduwu umapezeka ku Central Asia kuchokera kumadera akum'mawa a Kazakhstan kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Siberia. Imapezeka kwambiri kumapiri a Siberiya, kumapiri ndi kumapiri a Altai pamalo okwera mpaka 2750 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Pali anthu osiyanasiyana kum'mawa kwa Mongolia ndi Manchuria.
Zocor amakonda kukhazikika kumapiri ndi zitsamba, nthawi zambiri m'malo okhala mitengo, kuphukira ndi malo olimidwa. Amapewa malo okhala ndi dothi lonyowa kapena lowuma komanso lamiyala.
Malo omwe amakhala amakhala ogawanika ndipo akusungunuka nthawi zonse. M'zaka zoyambirira za zana la makumi awiri, Altai Zokors adawonedwa ngati chinthu chogulitsa ubweya ndipo adawonongedwa kambiri.
Udongosolo mwadongosolo
Pachikhalidwe, mtundu wa zabor udaphatikizidwa mu banja la Khomyakov, momwe adapangira gulu lokonda monotypic Zocorins (Myospalacinae Lilljeborg, 1866). Komabe, kafukufuku wamaselo a maselo omwe adachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 adawonetsa kuti gulu laling'ono ili liyenera kusamutsidwa ku banja la Slepyshev, mkati mwake ndilo gulu la mlongo wa Rhizomyinae subfamily.
Zomwe zimapezeka koyambirira kwa zolembera zam'mbuyo mwa gulu la Late Miocene. Mwinanso, kusiyanasiyana kwa mabanja ocheperawa a Myospalacinae ndi Rhizomyinae akuyenera kulembedwa kumapeto kapena pakati pa Oligocene.
Khalidwe
Rent iyi imakhala nthawi yambiri mobisa. Pamwamba, zimawoneka nthawi ndi nthawi kumangofunafuna chakudya komanso pomwe ana awo amasamuka kwa makolo awo kupita kumalo atsopano. Nyama siigwera mobisalira. Kudyetsa kumachitika makamaka madzulo ndi m'mawa.
Kutalika kwa nyumba zopangidwa pansi pa nyumba imodzi kumatha kufika pa ma 150. Amakhala ndi zipinda zambiri zogona ndi mitsinje yambiri yotalika masentimita 8 mpaka 13, omwe akuya masentimita 30.
Ming'oma imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chakudya. Zipinda zosungirako ndi zimbudzi zimakhala 15-25 cm kuchokera pansi.
Pabisikidwe pansipansi pamakhala timibulu tambiri. Ochepera kwambiri ali pakuya masentimita 50-110 (kutalika 300 cm), kutengera nyengo. Burrows ili ndi zisa zosatha komanso zosakhalitsa. Chisa chokhazikika chimakhala chokhachokha ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka nthawi yozizira. Ili pafupi ndi khomo lolowera ndipo ilinso ndi udzu wofewa komanso masamba owuma mkati.
Malo onse owundana amaponyedwa pamtunda wamtunda wamtunda waukulu, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala patali ndi mamita 1-2 kuchokera pa ola limodzi, wolemba wokhazikika amatha kuyika bowo mpaka 3m kutalika.
Altai Zokor amakhala mchenga ndipo amakhala ankhanza kwa anthu a fuko lake. Kupatula komwe kumachitika kokha kwa anthu omwe si amuna okhaokha panthawi yakukhwima.
Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo mizu, mababu ndi magawo obiriwira pazomera. Mukugwa, menyu amathandizidwa ndi mbewu monga chimanga.
Munthu m'modzi wamkulu amatha kututa tirigu wokwanira 8 kg ndi zidutswa zina zam'munda nthawi yachisanu. Nthawi zambiri zitsamba zouma zimapezeka m'matangadza. Amadyedwa pomwe ndizosatheka kupeza chakudya china. M'nyengo yozizira, zabor, pofunafuna chakudya, zimayenda pansi pa chisanu. Pakukumba mabowo, mphete zamatumbo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuswana
Matching amachitika kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Epulo. Yaikazi imabereka kuchokera pa mwana mmodzi mpaka ana khumi kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi zambiri mu zinyalala chimodzi mumakhala ana 3-6. Monga lamulo, iwo amabadwa ali amaliseche komanso opanda thandizo m'chigawo chachiwiri cha Marichi.
Pofika mwezi wa Juni ndi Julayi, amayamba kudziimira pawokha ndipo atakwanitsa miyezi 3-4 amayamba kupanga mabowo awo. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Adani akuluakulu achilengedwe ndi ana oponderezana (Mustela eversmanni), solongoi (Mustela altaica), nkhandwe wamba (Vulpes vulpes). Ozunzidwa ndi mbalame zodyedwa nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zopanda nzeru.
Mawonekedwe
Zocor ndi makulidwe apakatikati: matupi awo amatalika ndi 16-27 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira wawo kumafika masentimita 7. Thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe omasuka, ndipo palibe kuzungulira kwa khomo lachiberekero. Alibe ma auricles, maso a mitengo ing'onoing'ono ndi ochepa, ndipo kumapeto kwa muzzle, khungu lopanda keratinous limatuluka. Miyendo ndi yochepa, mikono yakutsogolo itanyamula zoluka zazitali, nsapato ndi manja. Chovalachi ndi chaching'ono komanso chachifupi, chofewa kwambiri, mtundu wake ndi monophonic - kuchokera ku fawn-ocher kupita ku bulauni (ndipo kutsogolo kwa mutu kumakhala koyera).
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi la anthu akuluakulu ndi 16-27 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi 3-7 cm.Chipilala chimayambira ku 150 mpaka 600 g. Chimafikira mtengo wake wokwanira m'dzinja. Ubweya wake ndi imvi, pamimba ndiyopepuka kuposa msana.
Nthawi zambiri mumtunduwo mumakhala timaso tofiirira komanso toterera. Zovala zina zimakhala ndi mawanga oyera pamutu ndi m'mimba (ma alubino ochepa).
Pali tsitsi lalifupi lalifupi pamchira. Maso ndi ang'ono, pafupifupi okutidwa ndi ubweya komanso sawoneka bwino. Thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, miyendo ndiyochepa.
Patsogola pali zopindika zopangika bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba dothi. Makamaka zilembo zazikulu pachala chachitatu ndi chachinayi. Kutalika kwake ndi 13-25 mm.
Auricles ndi ochepa. Kapangidwe ka khutu kamakonzedwa kuti kamveke ka mawu otsika pafupipafupi. Kutalika kokwanira kwa makutu ndi 0.5-4 kHz, ndipo malire apamwamba ndi 16 kHz.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa Altai Zocor kuthengo ndi pafupi zaka 5.
Zopatsa thanzi komanso moyo
Amadyetsa mobisa zamera, usiku nthawi yachisanu, amasunga ma rhizomes ndi ma tubers (kuchuluka kwa masheya kumafika 8 kg). Pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse imakhala mobisalira, pomwe mabowo ovuta, okumbika, amakumbidwa, kutalika kwa 50-100 m: m'ming'oma yapamwamba yotchinga, zopangira zoocores, ndi m'mingunda yaying'ono yomwe amakhala. Mosiyana ndi makoswe okhala ndi makoswe ndi makoswe (omwe amakata pansi m'nthaka ndi zofunikira zamphamvu), akamafukula mabowo, chapansi pansi chimagwira ndi miyendo yakutsogolo.
Zokory ndi mamuna
Ma zora atha kuvulaza minda ndikuchepetsa ulimi ndi zochita zawo zokumba. Ndi chinthu chachiwiri chomwe chimagulitsa ubweya.
Mu mtundu Myospalax pali mitundu yoposa 10 yosowa komanso yamakono (isanu mwa yomwe imapezeka kuzilumba za Russia). Mitundu imakonda kukhala m'magulu anayi (nthawi zina imawerengedwa monga genera):
Zolemba
- Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. M.S. Gilyarov, Gulu Laudindo: A.A. Baev, G.G. Vinberg, G.A. Zavarzin, etc. - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986. - S. 708. - 100,000.
- [zmmu.msu.ru/files/images/musei/publication/divers_mammals-2.pdf Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama. Gawo II] / O. L. Rossolimo, I. Ya. Pavlinov, S. V. Kruskop, A. A. Lisovsky, N. N. Spasskaya, A. V. Borisenko, A. A. Panyutina. - M: KMK Publishing House, 2004 .-- 218 p. - (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama). - ISBN 5-87317-098-3.
- [www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en Mitundu ya Mammal of the World. A Regencyonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd.). Vol. 1] / Ed. Wolemba D. E. Wilson, D. M. Reeder. - Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005 .-- xxxv + 743 p. - ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Zocory ndima
Kufufuza zochitika ndi mapepala a mkazi wake womwalira, sanadzimvekeredwe pokumbukira, kupatula chisoni kuti sanadziwe chisangalalo chomwe akudziwa tsopano. Kalonga Vasily, tsopano wonyadira kwambiri kulandira malo ndi nyenyezi yatsopano, adawoneka ngati wokalamba wokoma mtima, wokoma mtima komanso womvetsa chisoni.
Nthawi zambiri, Pierre amakumbukira nthawi yamisala yachimwemwe. Zigamulo zonse zomwe adadzipanga yekha za anthu ndi zochitika munthawi imeneyi, zidakhalabe zowona kwa iye. Sanangotulutsa malingaliro awa pa anthu ndi zinthu, koma m'malo mwake, pakukayikira kwamkati ndi zotsutsana adatembenuka ndikuwona kuti anali ndi nthawi yamisala, ndipo izi nthawi zonse zimakhala zoona.
"Mwina," adaganiza, "ndiye kuti ndimawoneka wachilendo komanso wopusa, koma kenako sindinali wopenga momwe zimawonekera. M'malo mwake, ndinali wanzeru kwambiri komanso ozindikira nthawi imeneyo kuposa kale, ndipo ndimamvetsetsa zonse zomwe ziyenera kumvetsetsa m'moyo, chifukwa ... ndinali wokondwa. "
Madala a Pierre anali oti sanadikire, monga kale, pazifukwa za iye, zomwe adatcha ukoma wa anthu kuti awakonde, ndipo chikondi chidakunda mtima wake, ndipo iye, popanda chifukwa chokonda anthu, adapeza zifukwa zosakayikira zomwe zinali zoyenera kuwakonda awo.
Kuyambira usiku woyamba pomwe Natasha, atachoka kwa a Pierre, akumwetulira mosangalala, adauza Princess Marya kuti, inde, kuchokera pakasamba, ndi malaya akunja, ndikumetedwa, kuyambira nthawi imeneyi chinthu chobisika komanso chosagonjetseka Moyo wa Natasha.
Chilichonse: nkhope, gait, kuyang'ana, mawu - zonse zidasintha mwadzidzidzi mwa iye. Zosayembekezereka kwa inu nokha - mphamvu ya moyo, chiyembekezo chodzala chisangalalo ndipo amafuna kukhutitsidwa. Kuyambira usiku woyamba, Natasha adawoneka kuti wayiwala zonse zomwe zinali ndi iye. Kuyambira pamenepo, sanadandaule za momwe aliri, sananene chilichonse chokhudza zam'mbuyomo ndipo sanawope kupanga zoseketsa zamtsogolo. Sanalankhule zambiri za a Pierre, koma pamene a Princess Marya adatchula za iye, kunyezimira kwakanthawi kudali m'maso mwake ndipo milomo yake idamwetulira modabwitsa.
Kusintha komwe kudachitika ku Natasha poyamba kudabwitsa Princess Marya, koma atazindikira tanthauzo lake, kusinthaku kudamuvutitsa. "Kodi adamkondabe mchimwene wake mpaka pang'ono kuti amamuyiwala posachedwa," Princess Peter adaganiza, ali yekha akuganiza zosintha. Koma ali ndi Natasha, sanakwiye naye ndipo sanamunyozetse. Mphamvu yodzuka yomwe idagwira Natasha mwachidziwikire inali yosakhazikika, chosayembekezeka kwa iye kuti Princess Mary pamaso pa Natasha adawona kuti alibe ufulu womunyoza ngakhale mu moyo wake.
Ndi chidzalo ndi kudzipereka koteroko, Natasha adadzipereka kuti akhale ndi malingaliro atsopano omwe sanayesere kubisa kuti tsopano sanakhale achisoni, koma achimwemwe komanso achimwemwe.
Pamene, atatha kulongosola usiku ndi Pierre, Princess Marya abwerera kuchipinda chake, Natasha adakumana naye pakhomo.
- Adatero? Inde? Adati? Anabwereza. Ndipo akusangalala komanso nthawi yomweyo ali omvetsa chisoni, kupempha kuti amukhululukire chisangalalo chake, mawuwo adakhazikika pankhope ya Natasha.
"Ndinkafuna kumvera pakhomo, koma ndimadziwa kuti ungandiuze."
Ngakhale kuti zinali zomveka bwanji, komabe zomwe zimamukhudza Princess Marya kunali mawonekedwe omwe Natasha adamuyang'ana, ngakhale atapepesa bwanji kuti awone chisangalalo chake, koma mawu a Natasha adakwiyitsa Princess Mary mphindi yoyamba. Adakumbukira mchimwene wake, chikondi chake.
“Koma choti uchite! sangachite zakutizakuti, "anaganiza motero Princess Marya, ndipo ali ndi nkhope yachisoni komanso yowawa anafotokozera Natasha zonse zomwe Pierre adamuuza. Atamva kuti akupita ku Petersburg, Natasha adadabwa.
- Ku Petersburg? Anabwereza, ngati kuti sakumvetsa. Koma, poyang'ana mawonekedwe achisoni pa nkhope ya Princess Mary, adaganizira chifukwa cha chisoni chake ndipo misozi idayamba kugwa. Iye anati: "Marie, ndiphunzitse zoyenera kuchita." Ndimawopa kukhala oyipa. Mukuti chiyani, ndiye nditani, ndiphunzitseni ...
- Mumamukonda?
"Inde," Natasha adanyoza.
- Mukulirira chiyani? "Ndasangalala nanu," atero a Princess Marya, atakhululuka ndi chisangalalo chonse cha Natasha pamisodzi iyi.
- Sachedwa, tsiku lina. Mukuganiza kuti zingakhale zosangalatsa bwanji ndikadzakhala mkazi wake, ndipo mudzakwatiwa ndi Nicolas.
- Natasha, ndidakufunsani kuti musayankhule. Tilankhula za inu.
Adakhala chete kwakanthawi.
"Koma bwanji ku Petersburg!" - mwadzidzidzi Natasha, ndipo mwachangu adayankha kuti: - Ayi, ayi, izi ndizofunikira ... Inde, Marie? Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira ...
Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zadutsa zitatha zaka 12. Nyanja yam'madzi yaku Europe yosangalatsa yakhazikika m'mphepete mwake. Zinkawoneka zokhala phee, koma mphamvu zodabwitsa zomwe zimasuntha umunthu (wodabwitsa chifukwa malamulo omwe amatsimikiza kusuntha kwawo sakudziwika) adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito.
Ngakhale kuti nyanja yam'mbuyomu inkawoneka yosayenda, mtundu wa anthu unkasuntha mosalekeza monga momwe nthawi inkayendera. Magulu osiyanasiyana ophatikizika amunthu adapangidwa, kupukutidwa, zifukwa zopangira ndi kuwonongeka kwa mayiko, komanso mayendedwe a anthu adakonzedwa.
Nyanja yakale, osati monga kale, idawongoleredwa ndi mafunde kuchokera pagombe limodzi kupita ku lina: idawiritsa pansi. Anthu achi mbiri, osati kale, anali kuthamanga ndi mafunde kuchokera pagombe limodzi kupita ku lina, tsopano zimawoneka kuti zikuzungulira malo amodzi. Olemba mbiri yakale, omwe anali m'mtsogoleri wa asitikali, omwe akuwonetsa kuyendayenda kwa anthu mwa kuwongolera nkhondo, kampeni, nkhondo, tsopano zikuwonetsa kuyendayenda kwamphamvu chifukwa cha malingaliro andale komanso mayiko, malamulo, machitidwe ...
Olemba mbiri yakale amati izi zimachitika.
Pofotokozera ntchito za olemba mbiri yakale awa, omwe, m'malingaliro awo, ndizo zomwe zidapangitsa kuti achitepo kanthu, olemba mbiri amawatsutsa mwamphamvu. Anthu onse otchuka a nthawi imeneyo, kuyambira pa Alexander ndi Napoleon kupita kwa ine Stael, Photius, Schelling, Fichte, Chateaubriand ndi ena, amapita kukhothi lamalamulo lawo ndikupereka zifukwa kapena kutsutsa, kutengera ngati athandizira kuti achite bwino kapena achitapo kanthu.
Ku Russia, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwawo, izi zimachitikanso munthawi imeneyi, ndipo choyambitsa chachikulu chinali Alexander I - Alexander yemweyo, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwawo, ndiye chifukwa chachikulu pakukhudzana ndi ulamuliro wake komanso kupulumutsidwa ku Russia.
M'mabuku enieni aku Russia, kuyambira wophunzira pasukulu ya sekondale mpaka katswiri wazophunzira, palibe munthu amene sakanaponya miyala yake kwa Alexander I chifukwa cha zomwe adachita molakwika panthawi imeneyi.
"Akadakhala kuti anatero. Zikatero, anachita bwino, mwa njira yoipa ngati imeneyi. Adakhala bwino kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro komanso mchaka cha 12, koma adachita molakwika, ndikupereka lamulo ku Poland, kupanga Holy Union, kupatsa mphamvu Arakcheev, kulimbikitsa Golitsyn ndi chinsinsi, kenako ndikulimbikitsa Shishkov ndi Photius."Adachita zolakwika, atatsogola gulu lankhondo, adachita zolakwika, atasokoneza gulu la Semenovsky, etc."