Kite yoyera yokhala ndi fungo loyera imakhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 43 ndipo mapiko ake ali ndi masentimita 100 mpaka 107. Kulemera kwake kumafika 300 30060 magalamu.
White-tailed Smoky Kite (Elanus leucurus)
Chidyamakanda chaching'ono chokhala ndi khungu loyera chimafanana ndi buluzi chifukwa cha mlomo wake wamtali, mutu wopepuka, mapiko autali ndi mchira, ndi miyendo yayifupi. Zachikazi ndi zazimuna ndi zofanana mumtundu wamitundu yambiri komanso kukula kwake kwa thupi, wamkazi ndi amene amakhala wamdima pang'ono komanso wolemera kwambiri. Zambiri mwa mbalame zachikulire zakumaso kwambiri zimakhala imvi, kupatula mapewa, omwe ndi akuda. Pansi pake ndi loyera. Mutha kuwona malo ang'onoang'ono akuda kuzungulira maso. Chipewa ndi khosi ndizoyenderera kuposa kumbuyo. Mphumi ndi nkhope ndi zoyera. Mchira wake ndi wotuwa. Nthenga za mchira zake ndi zoyera, sizioneka kuti zimayatsidwa. Maso a khungu ndi ofiira.
Mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi utoto wamafuta zimafanana ndi makolo awo, koma zimapakidwa utoto wamtundu wakuda.
Pali zingwe zofiirira, chipewa komanso khosi loyera. Kumbuyo ndi mapewa okhala ndi zowunikira zoyera. Nthenga zonse zopindika za mapiko ake zimadontha kwambiri. Pali chingwe chakuda pamchira. Nkhope ndi pansi pa thupi ndi zoyera ndi lingaliro la sinamoni ndi mawanga ofiira pachifuwa, zomwe zimawonekera bwino panthawi ya kuthawa. Chikuto cha nthenga cha mbalame zazing'ono chimasiyana ndi mtundu wa kuchuluka kwa anthu akuluakulu kupita kumtunda woyamba, womwe umachitika pakati pa miyezi 4 ndi 6.
Iris ndi yofiirira komanso yotuwa.
Mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi utoto wamafuta zimakumbutsa makolo awo
Makhalidwe Osuta a Kite Ovuta
Ma keke oyera okhala ndi utsi oyera amapezeka pama zingwe zokutidwa ndi mitengo yomwe imawomba mphepo. Amawonekanso ngati mitengo, madambo, kunja kwa mitengo. Amakhala m'malo owerengeka okhala ndi tchire laling'ono, pakati pa chitsamba chowoneka ndi mizere ya mitengo yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu umatha kuwonedwa kwambiri m'malo otetezedwa, m'malo amtchire lomwe siliri kutali kwambiri ndi nkhalango, malo omata komanso m'malo obiriwira a mizinda ndi matauni, ngakhale m'mizinda yayikulu monga Rio de Janeiro. Kite yofiyira yoyera imayambira kunyanja mpaka 1,500 metres, koma imakonda mita 1,000. Komabe, mbalame zina kwanuko zimasunga 2000 m, koma anthu ena amawoneka pamalo okwera mamitala 4200 ku Peru.
Kiti zoyera zouma zoyera kuchokera ku America.
Kufalikira Kosangalatsa Kwofiyira Kite
Kiti zoyera zouma zoyera kuchokera ku America. Amapezeka kumadzulo komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, m'mphepete mwa California kukafika ku Oregon komanso m'mphepete mwa Gulf of Mexico kupita ku Louisiana, Texas ndi Mississippi. Malo okhala amapitirirabe ku Central America ndi South America.
Ku Central America, nkhanu zokhala ndi utsi zoyera zimakhala kwambiri ku Mexico ndi mayiko ena, kuphatikizapo Panama. Ku kontrakitala yaku South America, malo omwe amakhala ndi awa: Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, kumpoto kwa Argentina kumwera kwa Patagonia. M'mayiko a Andean (Ecuador, Peru, kumadzulo kwa Bolivia ndi kumpoto kwa Chile) sikuwoneka. Mabizinesi awiri amadziwika:
- E. l. Leucurus amakhala ku South America bara kumpoto, osachepera mpaka Panama.
- E. l. majusculus amafalikira ku USA ndi Mexico, ndikupitilira kumwera ku Costa Rica.
Zomwe zimachitika pa kite yokhala ndi thukuta loyera
Akatswiri onunkhira oyera amakhala m'maso kapena awiriawiri, koma magulu akuluakulu amatha kusonkhana panja yachakudya kapena m'malo omwe chakudya chimakhala chambiri. Amapanga timagulu tokhala ndi makumi angapo kapena mazana aanthu. Izi zimachitika kuti mbalame zodyeramo zokhala mu njuchi yaying'ono yopanga awiriawiri, pomwe zisa zimakhala pamtunda wamamita mazana angapo kuchokera pachinzake.
Nthawi yakukhwima, ma keke oyera okhala ndi chovala choyera amayendetsa ndege mozungulira kapena awiriawiri, ndikumapereka chakudya kumzimu. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakubereka, anyani amathera nthawi yawo yambiri pamtengowo.
Mbalame zamtunduwu zimangokhala, koma nthawi zina zimayendayenda pofunafuna makoswe ambiri.
White-taires Smoky Kite ku Ndege
Kubwezeretsanso mwa kite yoyera-yovuta
Katsitsi loyera lautsi loyera kuyambira March mpaka August ku United States. Nyengo ya chakudya cha nkhuku imayamba mu Januware ku California, ndipo imayambira Novembala mpaka Nuevo Leon kumpoto kwa Mexico. Amabereka mu Disembala-Juni mu Panama, februza-Julayi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South America, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Julayi ku Suriname, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Disembala kumwera kwa Brazil, kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Marichi ku Argentina komanso kuyambira Seputembala mpaka ku Chile.
Mbalame zodya nyama zimamanga zisa zazing'ono momwe zimakhalira ndi gawo lalikulu la nthambi zotalika 30 mpaka 50 cm komanso 10 mpaka 20 cm.
Mkati mwake mumakhala udzu ndi udzu wina. Chisa chili pamtengowo kuchokera mbali yotseguka. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ma keke oyera okhala ndi utsi wokhala ndi zisalemo amakhala zisa zakale zosiyidwa ndi mbalame zina, kuwabwezeretsanso kwathunthu kapena kungokonza. Mu clutch 3 - 5 mazira. Yaikazi imagwira masiku 30 mpaka 32. Chingwe chimachoka chisa pambuyo pa 35, nthawi zina patatha masiku 40. Ma keke oyera okhala ndi utsi wokhala ndi utsi amatha kukhala ndi ana awiri pa nyengo imodzi.
White-Tailed Smoky Kite - Mbalame Yodyera
Chakudya Chosuta cha Kite Yosuta
Akatswiri onyezimira oyera amakhala ndi mbewa, ndipo nthawi zina amasaka makoswe ena: makoswe ndi thonje. Madera akumpoto, amadyanso zing'onozing'ono zazing'onozing'ono, zomangira ndi ma voles. Zimasaka mbalame zazing'ono, zokwawa, zazikuluzikulu, tizilombo tambiri. Nyama zina zokhala ndi zilombozo zimasunthira nyama zomwe zili pamtunda wa mamita 10 ndi 30 kuchokera padziko lapansi. Poyamba zimawuluka pang'onopang'ono kudera lawo, kenako zimathamanga kuthamanga usanadutse pansi ndi miyendo yolimba. Nthawi zina nthata zokhala ndi utsi zoyera zimagwera nyama kuchokera kutalika, koma njira iyi yosakira sikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ambiri mwa ozunzidwa amagwidwa pansi, mbalame zochepa chabe zomwe zimagwidwa ndi adani paulendo wawo. Utoto wokhala ndi utsi wofiirira umakonda kudya m'mawa ndi m'bandakucha.
Wosuta-Wosuta wa Smoky Kite wokhala ndi Prey
Mkhalidwe Wosungidwa Kwa White-Tailed Smoky Kite
Khithi lofiirira loyera pambuyo pake limakhala pamalo ofunikira kwambiri pafupifupi ma kilomita 9.4 miliyoni. Kudera lalikululi, akuwonjezeka pang'ono. Mtundu wa mbalame zamtunduwu udasowa ku North America, koma malo omwe adatayika amtunduwu akukulira mbali ina. Ku Central America, mbalame zikuchulukanso. Ku South America, kite yofiirira yoyera imasanjika malo atsopano ndi nkhalango. Chiwerengero chonsecho ndi mbalame mazana angapo. Choopsa chachikulu kwa nyama zodya zinkhanira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso mbewu.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kite yoyera-yoyera
Mwinanso kuphatikiza kaso kwambiri, kopindulitsa kwambiri ndi yoyera ndi yakuda komanso yosinthira mitundu. Umu ndi momwe penti yoyera ya ku America idapentedwa, zomwe zimachitika kuti zikhale zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.
Ndi mutu woyera, wokhala ndi "magalasi" akuda okhala ndi mulomo wakuda, wopindika pakati, ndi "bulangete" wakuda pamapewa ake komanso kumbuyo kwake ndi nthenga zaimvi, amawoneka wokongola.
Kukula kwa kite yoyera-yoyera ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa nkhunda zapakhomo-chisar. Kite yoyera-yoyera imapewa kwambiri mizinda ndi matauni. Amakonda dambo lonyowa, madambo otentha, malo odyetserako madzi okhala ndi zitsamba zazing'ono ndi mitengo. Pali nkhonya ndi zisa. Malo ake osaka ndi malo olimapo ndi minda yolimidwa. Apa akumupeza akulemba. Kiti imagwira tizilombo tambiri mumlengalenga, osagwira ndi mulomo wake, ngati mbalame zina, koma ndi chiwopsezo chake.
M'zaka zapitazi, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kum'mwera kwa United States, ku Mexico. Nthawi zina ma kite amathawa mpaka ku Guatemala. Mukumuwona ngati khwangwala, ndipo chifukwa chake "zovulaza" mbalame, kite idangotulutsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinali zosavuta kumuwombera: anali wokhulupirira kwambiri ndikuuluka pang'ono, akukonzekera bwino. Aliyense yemwe anali ndi mfuti kumbuyo kwake sanaphonye mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chandamale. Ndipo ngakhale akatswiri opanga ma ornith ataganiza kuti nyama zodyerazi sizingamavuto ayi, koma mbalame yothandiza, chifukwa imadyera makoswe ngati mbewa ndi tizilombo tambiri, kite yatulutsidwa kale.
Pofika zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, mbalameyo inali itatha kupezeka. Ndipo ngakhale kite yoyera-yoyera inalembedwa pamapepala a nyama "zosowa", pofika nthawi iyi kusaka izi kunali koletsedwa. Kuti mwina mwake. Ndipo zidachitika, osachita pachabe!
M'mbuyomu, mphekesera zinaoneka kuti nkhanu zingapo zinali zitawonedwa mchipululu cha California. Tsopano ku California, pali kale mazana angapo oyala matayala. Koma ku Florida, anasowa kwathunthu. Ku Texas, ndi ochepa okha mwa mbalame zokongola izi.
Komabe, monga akatswiri azolankhula ku America adawona, ma kites oyera-otayidwa ataya kale mbiri yawo yakale. Anachita manyazi kwambiri, osalola kuti munthu aziwayandikira, monga makolo awo akale. Asayansi amafotokoza kusintha kwa "chilengedwe" cha mbalame poona kuti mbalame zonse zowoneka bwino zinagulitsidwa. Anthu owopsa kwambiri omwe adapulumuka, amakhala kumadera akutali kwambiri a dzikolo, kunja kwa malo omata komwe anthu samapezeka kawirikawiri. Panali ochepa a iwo, koma anali oyambitsa aanthu omwe anali "osamala" ma kites oyera.