Marlin si nsomba imodzi ayi, koma ndi banja la nsomba zomwe zimakhala kumadzi otentha a Atlantic, kumadzulo.

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya marlin ndi marlin a buluu, wamkulu kwambiri kuposa onse marlin. Kutalika kwa nsomba zachikulire kumatha kufika mamita atatu, ndi kulemera pafupifupi 800 kg. Pali mtundu wotere wa marlin ngati milozo yam'mphepete, mawonekedwe ake osiyanitsa ndi mikwingwirima yopitilira thupi lonse (calorizator). Palinso mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera ya marlin. Matupi a nsomba zamtunduwu amapakidwa utoto moyenerera.

Onani mafotokozedwe

Nsomba za Marlin ndiye woimira wamkulu wabanja la marlin. Zochititsa chidwi za munthu wokhala m'madziyu ndi mphuno yayitali komanso mphuno yolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba ili ndi thupi lathyathyathya kumbali, zomwe zimaloleza kuti zikule mwachangu mpaka 100 km / h.

Marlin amayamba kuthamanga kwambiri akusaka nsomba zing'onozing'ono, chifukwa amadyera. Pali matumba ang'onoang'ono mthupi la nsomba, pomwe imabisala zipsepse zake pakasaka - nkosatheka "kuthawa" panthawiyi.

Nthawi ya moyo wa anthu osiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana. Amuna akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wosakwana zaka 18, pomwe nthawi yamoyo pakati pa akazi ndi Zaka 27 zakubadwa. Kulemera kwa zazimuna ndi zazikazi kumakhalanso kosiyanasiyana - kachiwiri, kuli pafupifupi kawiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti marlins amatsogolera kusokoneza moyo - amatha kusamukira pagulu lokha mongotuluka.

Zojambula zakunja

Mtambo wamtambo wa Atlantic, marlin, aka "bluu marlin", womwe umatanthawuza "m'lifupi" m'Chi Greek, ndi wa banja la perciform marlin, mtundu wa nsomba zowala.

Mitundu yonse ya marlin imakhala ndi kapangidwe kofanana ka thupi - kusiyana kumaonekera mu maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a zipsepse. Zodziwika ndi:

• pambuyo pake thupi lakukula
• nsagwada yayitali yozungulira ngati mkondo, yomwe ndi 20% ya kutalika konse kwa thupi,
• mchira wamkati
• ndalama yapamwamba
• utoto wokongola.

Zachikazi nthawi zonse zimakhala zokulirapo ndipo zimatha kutalika kwa 5 metres ndi 500 kg, pomwe zazimuna zimakula pang'ono 3-4, kulemera kwa makilogalamu 160-200. Malinga ndi zinthu zosatsimikizika, mzimayi wolemera makilogalamu 820 adagwidwa, koma zomwe zalembedwa sizinajambulidwe.

Pali zipse ziwiri kumbuyo kwa marlin, yoyamba imakhala ndi ma ray 39-4, yachiwiri imakhala ndi kuwala kwa 6-7. Msana nthawi zambiri umakhala wabuluu kapena wabuluu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, m'mimba ndi mbali ndi siliva. Utoto umasintha malinga ndi momwe nsomba zimakhalira, mwachitsanzo, posaka, msana umapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino wamtambo, ndipo kumapuma kumakhala mtundu wabuluu. Zipsepse ndi zofiirira zakuda.

Pamaso pathupi lonse la thupi pali mawonekedwe ena obisika. Pa nsagwada yopanga mkondo pali mano akuthwa ofanana ndi fayilo. Mkondo ndi wolimba kwambiri, panali zochitika zina pamene bwato lomwe amayendetsa bwato linaukira mabwatowo ndi kubaya khungu.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi zosiyana zawo

Monga nsomba zonse, marlin ali ndi mitundu yake, yosiyana pang'ono mawonekedwe ndi mthunzi wamamba. Mfundo za kusaka ndikukhala ndi moyo ndizofanana, zilinso zothandiza kudya, ndipo nyama yawo ili yofunikira kwambiri m'malesitanti m'mayiko ambiri.

1. Black marlin ndi chimphona cha banja. Zipsepse zooneka ngati zakuda sizisinthasintha, chikomedwe choyamba cha dorsal chimakhala chachitali ndi cheza lakuthwa, chachiwiri ndichochepa komanso chaching'ono. Mchirawo ndi wowoneka ngati chikwakwa, wokhala ndi mabowo owonda. Mtundu ndi wakuda buluu, pafupi ndi wakuda, m'mimba ndi siliva. Miyeso ya chimphona imalola kuti inyamire mpaka pamtunda wamakilomita awiri ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 15.
2. Milo yopota imasiyana ndi abale ake osati mtundu wake wokha, komanso kukula kwa mphuno yake. Nsomba yayikulu-yayikulu imafika pamtunda wama 500 kg, ili ndi zipsepse zosayenda ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kumbuyo ndi kwamtambo, kwamtambo ndi mizere yopingasa, ndi amtambo m'mimba yasiliva.
3. Blue marlin, kapena buluu, imatha kusintha hue ukasaka. Kumbuyo kuli kwakuda buluu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima, m'mimba ndi siliva, zipsepi zake ndiz zakuda, zazitali, zosinthika, refuel mu chipinda chapadera kumbuyo.

Mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yeniyeni, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka matupi awo zimathamanga mwachangu komanso mosavuta, mtundu wa kusambira ndi wofanana ndi shaki.

Habitat

Marlins ndi nsomba imodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mgulu la anthu opitilira atatu. Amakonda kusaka pamadzi pansipo - nsomba, komanso nyamayi.

Malo akuluakulu okhala ndi Nyanja ya Atlantic, madzi ake otentha komanso otentha kwambiri omwe amakhala kutali ndi gombe, koma anthu ena amatha kusambira m'madzi osaya komanso m'malo apansi. Samakonda kusambira m'madzi okhala ndi kutentha kwapansi madigiri 23 ndi kuya kupitirira 50, ngakhale, malinga ndi zina, marlin amatha kumira mpaka pakuya mamita 1800.

Ma Marlins ndi nsomba imodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri samatsika m'gulu la anthu opitilira 3-4

Imatenga mwachangu liwiro la 100 km / h, pamenepa amathandizidwa ndi thupi laling'ono lopendekera komanso mawonekedwe omaliza mwa mawonekedwe am'nyanja, yomwe imabisala kupsinjika kwapadera kumbuyo.

Imasaka makamaka pa liwiro lalikulu, kubaya nsomba ndi mkondo - nsagwada yam'mwamba yosinthika, kuukira zombo ndi ma yachts ang'onoang'ono chifukwa chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa.

Maziko a chakudya

Pokhala nyama yolusa mwachilengedwe, nsomba za marlin za mtundu wa buluu zimadyera pa mackerel, tuna, nsomba zouluka, ndipo nthawi zina squid ndi cephalopod. Kuwona sukulu ya nsomba, bwato lamadziyilo limathamanga ndikuwukira, kuluka nyama mwamantha pa mkondo wake kapena kumeza m'njira. Madzi omwe amagwera mkamwa pakasaka amadutsa m'matumbo, kupangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi mpweya komanso kupatsa mphamvu chilombo.

Nyengo yofalikira ya Mackerel imawonedwa ngati phwando lenileni.Kenako malo awa amadzaziratu ndi ray-fin ndi nsomba zina zolusa.

Zosangalatsa

Chimphona chachikulu kwambiri cha Atlantic ndiye nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yamafupa ndipo ilibe mdani, ochepa amalimba mtima kukaukira nsomba ya 2-5 metres.
Nyama, nyama yofunika komanso mbiri yakale, imalimbikitsa asodzi ambiri kukhala pachiwopsezo cha asodzi, koma atawombera chithunzi, ambiri mwa zikho zomwe adagwidwa adamasulidwa kubwerera kunyanja. Pali mphekesera zambiri komanso nthano zambiri zokhudza nsomba yayikuluyi, nayi ina:

1. Kulimbana ndi marlin imodzi kumatha kupitilira maola 30. Poyembekeza kuti ataya magiya, nsomba zimayandama kwambiri kapena zimatsika mpaka itatopa kapena kung'ambika.
2. Nsagwada yopanga mkondo inapezeka pansi pa boti limodzi, itabowola chingwe ndi nkhuni zouma. Izi zimawonetsa kulimba komanso kuthamanga kwa nyama yomwe ikudyera, komanso mphamvu ya mkondo.
3. Pafupifupi pagombe la Peru, bwato lomwe linali lolemera makilogalamu 700 linagwidwa.

Merlin ndiye nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yamafupa ndipo alibe adani.

Ziweto za Marlin, zomwe zimagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, anthu omwe amawaganizira kuti ndi azaka 2-4 amawonedwa kuti ndi okhwima. Nyengo yakukhwima imagwa kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, ukadzala, umuna ukhoza kuyikira mazira 7 miliyoni.

Mwachangu achichepere amatengedwa ndi omwe amapita kumadera osiyanasiyana a Atlantic Ocean, ambiri amafa chifukwa chakuwedza kwa nsomba zazikulu.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Nsomba za Marlin, monga lamulo, zimakonda kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi madzi komanso kutali ndi gombe. Mukamasuntha, nsomba izi zimatha kusambira mothamanga kwambiri, pomwe nthawi zambiri zimadumphira m'madzi angapo mita kutalika. Mukatenga nsomba za bwato, zimathamanga mosavuta mpaka liwiro la 100 km / h, kapena kupitilira apo. Chifukwa chake, oimira amtunduwu ali m'gulu la nsomba zomwe zikuthamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Marlin ndi nyama yomwe imakonda kudya nyama ndipo imakhala yekhayekha, yolimbana ndi makilomita 75 masana. Oyimira banja lino amakhala pachiwopsezo chosamuka nthawi zina. Munthawi imeneyi, nsomba zimakwirira ma kilomita masauzande. Malinga ndikuwona kwa akatswiri ambiri, mayendedwe omwe ali m'mphepete mwa madzi a marlin amafanana kwambiri ndi kayendedwe ka shaki.

Mitundu ya Marlin

Pa mitundu yonse ya marlin, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lalitali, mkondo wozungulira ngati mkondo ndi mawonekedwe olimba okhazikika a dorsal. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya marlin imadziwika:

• Indo-Pacific Sailboat, yomwe ikuyimira mtundu "Sailboats". Ma boti oyenda panyanja amasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya marlin chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mtengo wapitali komanso wautali woyamba, womwe umakumbukira kwambiri sitimayi. "Sitima" iyi imayamba mwachindunji gawo la occipital ndikufikira kumbuyo konse kwa nsomba. Kumbuyo kuli kodziwika ndi wakuda ndi tint ya buluu, mbali zake zimakhala ndizosinthasintha, koma nthawi yomweyo zojambulidwa zofiirira. Monga mwachizolowezi, m'mimba mumayera siliva. M'mphepete mwa nsomba mutha kuwona mawanga amtambo akuda. Kutalika kwa achichepere ndi mita imodzi, ndipo anthu akuluakulu amakula mpaka 3 metres ndipo amalemera mpaka 100 makilogalamu, kapena kupitirira apo.
• Marlin wakuda. Ndizosangalatsa pamalonda, ngakhale ndi masauzande ochepa omwe amagwidwa pachaka. Mtunduwu umakondweretsanso masewera amasodzi komanso masewera amateur. Black marlin ili ndi gawo, ngakhale silili ndi thupi lopanikizika kwambiri, lophimbidwa ndi mamba odalirika. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zipsepse za dorsal, koma mawonekedwe a caudal amakhala mwezi. Mtundu wa kumbuyo ndi wakuda bii, ndipo mbali ndi m'mimba ndizoyera zasiliva. Pabungwe la akulu, palibe malo owoneka, komanso mikwingwirima. Akuluakulu amakula mpaka pafupifupi mita 5, ndipo thupi limakhala pafupifupi kilogalamu 750.
• West Atlantic kapena ochepera Spearman akuimira mtundu "Spearmen". Thupi la nsomba ili lamphamvu kwambiri, lalitali komanso lopanikizidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera kumbali. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mkondo wautali komanso woonda, wozungulira pamtanda. Msempha wamkati ndi wochepa thupi, kutalika kwake ndi kofanana kapena pang'ono, poyerekeza ndi zipsepse zamakutu, zomwe zimatha kubisanso pakukhumudwa pamimba. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakumbuyo ndi wakuda, utoto wabuluu, ndipo utoto wa mbali ndi zoyera, ndimaso amaso akuda. Mtundu wa m'mimba ndi zoyera-ngati. Othandizira ang'onoang'ono amakula mpaka mamita awiri m'litali, pomwe kulemera kwawo sikupitirira 60 kg.

Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa zamtunduwu, palinso wonyamula mkondo wamfupi kapena wamfupi wamanja kapena wamfupi wamfupi wamphongo, wonyamula mkondo ku Mediterranean kapena waku Marlin, wonyamula mkondo waku South Europe kapena wonyamula mkondo waku North Africa.

Kuphatikiza ndi Atlantic oyera onyamula mkondo kapena Atlantic yoyera marlin, Mzere wonyamula mkondo kapena wopindika, Atlantic bluu marlin kapena bluu marlin, komanso sitima yapanyanja ya Atlantic.

Malo okhala zachilengedwe

Banja la marlin limaphatikizapo mitundu itatu yayikulu ya genera ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ilimo. Nsomba zam'madzi zimakonda kupezeka m'madzi a Red, Mediterranean and Black Seas. Nthawi yomweyo, zimadutsa Nyanja ya Mediterranean kudutsa mu Suez Canal, pambuyo pake zimawonekera mosavuta mu Black Sea.

Mapiri a buluu amaonedwa ngati nthumwi ya malo otentha komanso otentha a Atlantic. Malo awo akuluakulu amayimiridwa ndi gawo lakumadzulo. Ma marlin akuda amakonda madzi am'nyanja za Pacific ndi Indian omwe amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja. Makamaka ambiri a iwo mumadzi aku East China ndi Nyanja za Coral.

Spearmen ndi amodzi a nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimayenda mosiyana ndi ena, ngakhale nthawi zina amapanga magulu ochepa, omwe amaphatikizapo nsomba zofanana. Mtunduwu umakonda madzi otseguka, ozama mpaka mita 200 ndi boma lotentha pafupifupi +26 degrees.

Zakudya za Marlin

Mitundu yonse ya marlin ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimadya zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu ina ya nsomba, squid ndi crustaceans. M'madzi otetezedwa a Malaysia, maziko a kudya kwa marlin ndi anchovies, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mackerel akavalo, nsomba zouluka, komanso squid.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zamaulendo oyenda bwino sizimakhala nsomba yayikulu yomwe imakhala m'matumbo am'madzi, kuphatikizapo sardines, anchovies, mackerel ndi mackerel, komanso crustaceans ndi cephalopods. Atlantic buluu wa marlin mwachangu amakonda kudya zooplankton, komanso caviar ndi mphutsi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba. Akuluakulu amadya nsomba, komanso squid. Pakati pamiyala yamiyala yamnyanja, nyama yamtambo imalanda nsomba zazing'ono zam'nyanja.

Onyamula kumadzulo kwa Atlantic amasaka nsomba ndi cephalopod m'malo okumba am'madzi, ndipo zakudya zawo ndizosiyanasiyana. M'madzi akummwera kwa Nyanja ya Caribbean, zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo herring ndi Mediterranean longfin. M'madzi akumadzulo a Atlantic Ocean, maziko a chakudyacho ndi mtundu wa nyama zam'madzi za Atlantic, njoka za mackerel ndi cephalopods zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Spearmen, woimira kumpoto kwa Atlantic komanso kotentha kwa Atlantic, amadya kwambiri ndi nsomba ndi cephalopods. Pafupifupi mitundu 12 ya nsomba zosiyanasiyana zidapezeka m'mimba mwa ma marlins omwe adagwidwa.

Zovulala pakugwiritsa ntchito

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe nyama ya marlin imatha kuvulaza thupi la munthu. Akuluwo aperekedwa pansipa:

• Kupezeka kwa mitundu ya zebelo. Chifukwa cha kupukutidwa kwa mafakitale, nsomba zam'madzi zambiri, kuphatikizapo marlin, zimakhala ndi Mercury m'matupi awo. Ndipo, monga mukudziwa, ndi poizoni wamphamvu yemwe amatha kupha munthu.
• Marlin- allergen wamphamvu. Anthu ake ndi omwe ali ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri asagwidwe. Ngakhale ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwambiri, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuchotsa ma antigen onse mu nsomba - zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimachitika.
• Kukhalapo kwa poizoni. Nsomba zam'nyanja zili pamalo oyamba m'ndandanda wazinthu zomwe zili ndi zochuluka za poizoni. Kudya nyama ya marlin, munthu amakhala ndi mwayi wowononga zinyalala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina zapoizoni.
• Zomera. Aliyense amadziwa kuti akamadya nsomba pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga mphutsi. Nawonso, adzakhala opanda tanthauzo mthupi la munthu, ndikuwukitsa chidwi chawo. Pakudya chakudya chochuluka, munthu samangodzidyetsa yekha, komanso majeremusi m'thupi lake.
• Matenda owopsa. Mu nyama ya marlin, ma virus oopsa omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amapezeka omwe amathanso kukhudza thanzi la munthu.
• Kuthekera kwa poyizoni. Monga lamulo, anthu amathandizidwa ndi poizoni ndi nsomba zomwe zimatha kugwidwa mosayenera, kusungidwa kosayenera ndikukonzekera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu adasungidwa pamoto woyipa (pamtunda wa 18) kapena wokonzedwa ndi wophika wopanda magolovesi.

Njira zophikira

Pali njira zambiri zopangira marlin. Tsopano 2 mwa odziwika kwambiri a iwo aganiziridwa:

1. Njira nambala 1. Choyambirira, muyenera kudula fillet ija mumtambo wawung'ono, pafupifupi masentimita 2. Kenako, nsomba imayenera kuthiridwa mchere ndikuyilola kuti iyime pafupifupi ola limodzi. Pambuyo pa izi, anyezi ndi adyo amakhetsa bwino, ndikutsatira ndikukazinga mu poto. Pafupi ndi iwo akuwonjezeredwa madzi (mabwalo atatu), ophikidwa ndi azitona, tchizi ndi zonona. Msuzi uyenera kufooka kwa pafupifupi mphindi 5, pambuyo pake umatha kuchotsedwa mu chitofu. Ndipo gawo lomaliza lokha kukuwotcha kwawoko. Pomaliza, muyenera kuziyika pambale, kenako kuthira msuzi wokonzedwa kale.
2. Njira nambala 2. Chinsinsi ichi chimatchedwa Hawaii. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nsomba siziphika. Pophika, muyenera kudula nsombazo kuti zikhale nato, kenako ndikusakaniza ndi anyezi ndi tsabola. Kenako sesame, msuzi wa soya, mafuta, mchere ndi shuga zimawonjezedwa kuti zilawe.Mapeto ake, nsomba imayikidwa m'firiji kwa maola pafupifupi awiri, itatha kuthandizidwa.