Nsomba zowoneka bwino | |||||||
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![]() Amphiprion ocellaris. | |||||||
Gulu la asayansi | |||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Bony nsomba |
Subfamily: | Nsomba zowoneka bwino (Amphiprioninae Allen, 1975) |
Jenda: | Nsomba zowoneka bwino |
Amphiprion Bloch et Schneider, 1801
- Premnas Cuvier, 1817
Nsomba zowoneka bwino, kapena maula (lat. Amphiprion), ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zoyipa zam'madzi zochokera ku banja la pomsteer. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba ya aquarium lalanje amphiprion (Phulusa la Amphiprion).
Nsomba zovala zam'madzi zimadziwika ndi mtundu wa typiosis wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anemones ya nyanja. Poyamba, nsomba imakhudza pang'ono anemone ya mnyanja, ndikulola kuti idzivomereze ndikupeza mawonekedwe enieni a ntchofu womwe imadzaza ndi anemone ya mnyanja - ntchofu iyi imafunikira ndi anemone ya mnyanja kuti isadzigwere yokha. Kenako nsomba yansomba imaberekanso izi ndipo pambuyo pake imatha kubisala kwa adani omwe ali m'misempha ya anemone. Nsomba zodumphitsa zimasamalira anemone ya mnyanja - imalowa mumadzi ndikuthira zinyalala zopanda chakudya. Nsomba sizipita kutali ndi "kwawo" anemone. Amphongo amathamangitsa amuna achimuna, akazi - akazi. Khalidwe lachigawo, mwachidziwikire, lidapangitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Protandric hermaphrodites: achinyamata onse ndi amuna, komabe, nsomba zimasinthitsa kugonana pamoyo wawo wonse. Zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kugonana ndi kufa kwa mkazi.
Mtundu wa nsombazi umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku utoto wonenepa mpaka lalanje wamoto, wofiira ndi wachikasu.
Kodi nsomba ndi chiyani
Nsomba zodziwombera, kapena monga zimatchulidwanso, the clown-tapered clown ocellaris (Amphiprion ocellaris), ndi amtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zochokera ku banja la pomacenter - nsomba zowala za utoto wonyezimira kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a perciform. Pakadali pano, mitundu 26 ya nsomba iyi imadziwika kuti ilipo - pafupifupi onse ndi amtundu wa Amphiprion, ndipo ndi imodzi yokha yomwe imayimira Premnas Lankteantus.
Oimira Amphiprion ocellaris amakhala m'madzi am'madzi a Indian ndi Pacific Oceans, pamtunda wosapitirira 15, kutali ndi miyala yam'madzi ndi zilumba. Amagawidwa gawo lalikulupo - kuchokera ku Africa kudzafika kuzilumba za French Polynesia, komanso kuchokera kuzilumba za Japan kupita kugombe la Australia.
Nsomba zodziwikiratu zidatchedwa chifukwa cha mtundu wake - mizere yakuda yakuda yosakanikirana ndi yoyera ndi lalanje (mwa mitundu ina - yofiirira kapena yachikasu). Iris mu amphiprions wa mtundu wowala wa lalanje.
Amphiprion ocellaris ndi ochepa: akulu kwambiri amafikira 11 cm, pomwe kutalika kwa oimira otsalira pagulu kumakhala pafupifupi 7 cm (pomwe achikazi ndi sentimita yayitali kuposa amuna). Thupi la amphiprion limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a torpedo, mbali zake ndizofinya, kumbuyo ndikokwera, mutu ndi waufupi, wonyezimira, wofanana ndi chule.
Ocellaris ali ndi dorsal fin imodzi, utoto wakuda m'mphepete ndipo wagawika m'magawo awiri: kumaso kumakhala kowuma, ndikotomola kolimba, kumakhala timiyala khumi ndipo kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofewa ndipo kumakhala ndi mawilo khumi ndi anayi mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri.
Nsomba zowoneka bwino. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, chikhalidwe ndi malo okhala nsomba zam'madzi
Nsomba zodziphimba zidatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha utoto woyambirira, womwe umafanana ndi mawonekedwe a nthabwala. Kutchuka kwake kunayamba kukulira atatulutsidwa mu katuni ya Disney "Kupeza Nemo", momwe anthu okongola a munyanja adasewera protagonist.
Dzina lasayansi la mitunduyo ndi amphiprion ocellaris. Ma Aquarists samayamikira osati mawonekedwe ake okongola, komanso mawonekedwe ena. Zili choncho nsomba zowola amadziwa kusintha mtundu wanu komanso kupanga mawu ofanana ndi kumadina. Koma chomwe chikuchititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi momwe limalumikizirana ndi ma anemones a nyanja, oopsa omwe amakhala mkati mwa kuya.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Ocellaris-watatu watatu ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi za gulu la percform, banja la pomacenter. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 28 ya amphiprion padziko lapansi. Onyamula nsomba mu chithunzi chowonetsedwa muulemerero wake wonse, kuphunzira momwe malongosoledwe amtunduwu, kuyang'ana chithunzicho, ndikwabwino kwambiri.
Ocellaris amakhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono - kutalika kwa wamkulu kwambiri amafika 11 cm, ndipo kukula kwa thupi kwa wokhala m'madzi akuya kumasiyana pakati pa 6-8 cm. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi.
Thupi la nsomba yansomba imakhala yopangidwa ndi torpedo, yopindika pang'ono m'mbali, ndi mchira wozungulira. Kumbuyo ndikokwera kwambiri. Mutu umafupikitsidwa, kuwala, ndi maso akulu a lalanje.
Kumbuyo kuli ndalama imodzi yopangidwa ndi bedi imodzi. Mbali yake yakutsogolo ndiyokhazikika, yokhala ndi ma spikes akuthwa ndipo imakhala ndi timiyala 10. Kumbuyo, gawo lofewa la kumapeto kwa dorsal, pali ma ray 14 14.
Oimira mtundu wa Amphiprion ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yosaiwalika. Mtundu wawukulu wa mtunduwo ndi wachikasu-lalanje. Pathupi, ndikufananiza mikwingwirima yoyera ndikumenyetsa kwakanthawi.
Malire ofanana omwe amakongoletsa malekezero a zipsepse zamkati, zamkati ndi pectoral. Zotsirizirazi zimapangidwa bwino ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Gawo ili la thupi m'makutu limakhala lowala kwambiri mumithunzi yayikulu.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za mtundu wa Ocellaris:
- Amalumikizana kwambiri ndi ma polyps am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, omwe mahema ake amakhala ndi maselo oluma omwe amapanga poyizoni wakupha,
- onse achangu obadwa kumene ndi amuna, koma pa nthawi yoyenera amatha kukhala akazi,
- m'malo ochezeka, zaka pafupifupi 20,
- amphiprion imatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana, monga kumadina,
- oyimilira amtunduwu safuna chisamaliro chachikulu, ndiosavuta kuwasamalira.
Mitundu yambiri yachilengedwe yazovala za ocellaris imakhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje. Komabe, kumayiko aku Australia kuli mtundu wina wa nsomba wokhala ndi thupi lakuda. Poyerekeza ndi maziko akulu, mikwingwirima 3 yoyera imakonzedwa. Zotere nsomba zowoneka bwino amatchedwa woyimbira.
Mitundu yodziwika ya nsomba zansomba:
- Perkula. Imapezeka m'madzi a Indian Ocean komanso kumpoto kwa Pacific. Odziwika mozungulira ku US boma la Florida. Mtundu waukulu wa oimira zamtunduwu ndi lalanje wowala. Mizere itatu yoyera chipale chofewa imakhala kumbuyo kwa mutu, kumbali komanso kumunsi kwa mchira. Iliyonse ya malongosoledwe ndi kusinthika kwakuda kwamdima.
- Anemone Ocellaris - nsomba zodyera ana, ana amamukonda kwambiri, chifukwa ndi mitundu iyi yomwe idawonekera mu katuni yotchuka. Ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba - mizere yoyera pa thupi la lalanje imakonzedwa kotero kuti amapanga magawo angapo owala ofanana. Pa nsonga za zipsepse zonse kupatula cham'mimba, pamakhala kumenyedwa kwakuda. Chosiyanitsa ndi ma anemone clown ndikuti amapanga mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anemones ya nyanja, osati ndi iliyonse.
- Chocolate. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa zolengedwa ndi zomwe zimapezekazo ndi mthunzi wachikaso wa ndalama za caudal ndi kamvekedwe ka bulauni. Chocolate amphiprions amakhala ankhondo.
- Tomato (wofiyira). Zosiyanasiyana zimafika 14 cm kutalika. Mtundu wawukulu wa thupi ndi wofiyira ndi kusintha kosalala kukhala burgundy komanso ngakhale zipsepi zakuda, zamoto. Chodabwitsa cha nsomba izi ndi kukhalapo kwa mzere umodzi yoyera, yomwe ili m'munsi mwa mutu.
Ogulitsa makamaka Ocellaris omwe amapezeka mu ukapolo amapezeka, amasiyana mitundu iliyonse ndi mitundu. Ndikofunika kuti aliyense waku aquarist adziwe zomwe zili mu izi:
- Chipale chofewa. Uku ndi nsomba yokhala ndi lalanje, pomwe pali mizere yoyera kwambiri. Sayenera kuphatikiza. Pakakhala gawo lalikulu la thupi lokhala ndi toni yoyera, munthu amakhala wamtengo wapatali.
- Choyambirira chipale chofewa. M'malingaliro oterowo, magulu awiri oyamba amalumikizana, ndikupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a malo oyera oyera kumutu ndi kumbuyo. Mulingo wakuda wakuda umayalaza dongosolo ndi nsonga za zipsepse.
- Chipale chakuda. Mumtunduwu, zipsepse ndi lalanje pokhapokha, ndipo gawo lawo lalikulu limakhala lakuda. Pa utoto wa thupi la tangerine peel pali magawo atatu a utoto woyera, wolongosoledwa ndi malire akuda. Malo omwe ali pamutu ndi kumbuyo kwake alumikizidwa kumtambo wakumtunda.
- Pakati pausiku Ocellaris ndiye mwiniwake wa thupi lofiirira. Mutu wake wokha utapakidwa utoto wamoto.
- Opanda ntchito. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje.
- Ma Dominoes ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongola kwambiri. Kunja, nsombayo imawoneka ngati chowala pakati pausiku, koma imasiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa malo oyera oyera oyera m'chigawo cha gill.
- Wamizere wakuda kwambiri. Mwini uyu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amatha kudzitama thupi lakuda ndi mphete yoyera kuzungulira mutu wake. Zingwe zakumbuyo kumbuyo ndi pafupi mchira ndichifupi kwambiri.
- Milozo yabodza. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mikwingwirima yoyera. Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi korali.
Sea anemones m'moyo wa ocellaris
Chosangalatsa: Nsomba za Ocellaris zimakonda kukhala pakati pama anemones a nyanja - nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimachokera ku gulu la matanthwe a coral, omwe amapha anthu omwe amakhala m'madzi am'madzi omwe ali ndi chisamaliro kuti asamire pafupi kwambiri ndikuwakhudza (poizoni wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono'yi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti imatha kuyambitsa kupsa kwambiri kwa anthu) .
Kuti athe kukhala pafupi ndi zolengedwa zowopsa izi (pakati pawo, nsomba izi zimatetezedwa ku zilombo zazikulupo), nsomba zam'madzi zodetsa nkhuku zimayambitsa chitetezo m'njira yosangalatsa:
- atapeza mbale yoyenerera, ma tambala atatuwo amamugwira pang'ono pang'ono kuti amulume.
- Tilandira gawo la poizoni, chamoyo cha amphiprion chimatulutsa ntchofu, zomwe zimapangitsa nsomba kukhala zopanda chidwi ndi poizoni yemwe amadya.
Chochititsa chidwi pankhaniyi chimagwiranso ntchito kuti nsomba iliyonse imakhala ndi vuto lotchedwa sea anemone - ndipo pafupi ndi pamenepo nsomba zam'madzi zimagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha: anyani amuna amathamangitsa amuna kuti azikula, komanso azimayi - azimayi (ngakhale anali ochepa nsomba izi ndi zankhondo kwambiri).
Ngati pali ma anemones am'nyanja ambiri ndipo alipo okwanira aliyense, idyll ikulamulira. Ngati alipo ochepa, ndiye kuti nkhondo yeniyeni imayamba. Zikuwoneka kuti ndiamene adakhala chifukwa chakuwoneka bwino mu nsomba izi: safunikanso kudzipulumutsa okha kwa adani, popeza ndi anthu ochepa omwe amakwera m'manda omwe amapezeka kuti ndi olusa (ndipo ngati achita izi, ndi bwino kwa iye sichitha), koma muyenera kuchenjeza anu: malowa akutengedwa.
Kugwirizana kopindulitsa
Oimira onse a nyama, zonse zokhala ngati nsomba komanso ma anemones am'nyanja, amapindula ndi dera lino. Ngati ndichowona kuti ma anemones am'nyanja amateteza anzawo ang'onoang'ono kuchokera kwa omwe amadyera mosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti kusokonekera kwa ma ocellaris ndi kofunikira chifukwa, ngakhale ali ndi vuto, amakhala osathandiza.
Anthu okhala munyanja yakuzama sakutidwa ndi mafupa am'madzi ndipo, atakhazikika pansi panthaka yolimba, samachisiyanso, chifukwa chake sangathe kudzisamalira - amachitidwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono: amatsuka anthu amene ali dothi komanso zinyalala, amalowetsa madzi pakati Zakudya zonyansa, zotsalazo zosadulidwa.
Ma anemones am'nyanja amadya zokhazo zomwe zimabweretsa mwangozi ndi zomwe zilipo, kapena zomwe zitha kudutsa, kapena omwe amphiprions amadzinamiza ndi mtundu wawo wowala (mwachitsanzo, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zofunafuna nsomba yaying'ono yokongola nthawi zambiri zimagwera mumsampha). Pogwira nyama yomwe imagwada kuti ikweramire, nsomba zowala zazing'ono zimadzidyetsa.
Choyamba, ma anemones am'nyanja mothandizidwa ndi maselo awo olimba amapha ndikuwumitsa nyama. Zoti sangathe kugaya ma anemones a mnyanja, amadya matepi atatu a latellaris. Popeza nsomba izi sizimakonda kuchoka komwe amakhala, zakudya zawo zimaphatikizaponso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapulogalamu, yomwe algae yatsopano komanso yaying'ono imabweretsa kwa iwo.
Nsomba zansomba ndizokhoza kukhala popanda ma anemones am'nyanja, ngati palibe magulu owerengera pagulu, amakhala pakati pa miyala kapena pansi pa miyala yamiyala.
Kuswana
Izi nsomba zimapanga timagulu tating'ono timabanja momwe mayi m'modzi amakhala ndi amuna ambiri, ndipo ndiye nsomba yayikulu kwambiri komanso yakale kwambiri m'banja. Ndizosangalatsa kuti zimatha kutulutsa mpaka kufa (m'chilengedwe, ma amphiprion amakhala zaka pafupifupi khumi, mu aquarium - kawiri kuposa). Yaikazi imakonda kuchita izi mwezi wathunthu, osati patali ndi zokwawa zake, ndipo ngati sichoncho, ndiye pathanthwe kapena pansi pa mwala.
Chosangalatsa, samataya mazira awo pachisoni: anyani amateteza khola lonse nthawi yonse yosasitsa (imatenga masiku asanu ndi limodzi mpaka khumi).
Patatha sabata limodzi, mwachangu amatuluka mazira, omwe amakwera kumalo ophatikizika ndi plankton, komwe amadyetsa ndikumakula (ana ambiri amafa nthawi imeneyi), ndipo akadzakula, amapita kukafufuza ma anemones a nyanja ndikulowa gulu.
Zoona zake: amphiprion ndiwokongola kwambiri, wosangalatsa komanso wosakwiya kwambiri kotero kuti ndi wotchuka kwambiri, kotero kuti akatswiri ambiri azam'madzi akufuna kuziwona m'madzi awo (zidatchuka kwambiri atawonetsa zojambula za ku America zotchuka "Kupeza Nemo").
Kufunikira kwa nsomba za Ocellaris ndikokulira kotero kuti amphiprions omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu ukapolo theka lokhalo amakhutitsa. Kuperewera kwawo kumalipidwa ndi nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa munyanja, chifukwa cha momwe anthu ake asinthira posachedwa, ndipo akatswiri azachilengedwe amafuna kuti aboma azilamulira izi.
Kufunikira kwa ocellaris ndikosatheka kutha kuchepa, chifukwa nsomba izi ndizosangalatsa ndi zina zawo - sizimakhala mwakachetechete mu aquarium: amangokhalira kung'ung'udza, kudina, ndikupanga mawu osawomba. Ndizabwino kwa okonda novice omwe amafuna kukhala ndi nsomba zam'nyanja kunyumba (ndipo zomwe zili mkati mwake ndizovuta kuposa abale awo amadzi amchere) - chinthu chachikulu ndikudziwa mfundo zazikulu ndipo musaiwale kufunsa akatswiri.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti amphiprion si nsomba zamadzi zatsopano ndipo amafunika madzi oyenera. Pa nsomba imodzi yokha yamadzi amadzimadzi, kuchokera ku malita 50 mpaka 100 amadzi amchere amchere kwambiri ndikokwanira (apo ayi nsomba imatha kudwala ndikufa).
Magawo a malo am'madzi azikhala motere:
- Kutentha kwamadzi - kuchokera 25 mpaka 27 ° С,
- Chinyezi - pafupifupi 8 pH,
- Kachulukidwe - kuyambira 1.02 mpaka 1.025.
Zadziwika kale kuti ukhondo wa m'madzi uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwambiri. Choyamba, madzi amafunika kusinthidwa kanayi pamwezi - ngati amasinthidwa ndi khumi ndi kawiri pamwezi - ngati ali makumi awiri.
Pansi pa aquarium, ndikofunikira kuyika ma corals, grottoes ndi miyala ingapo yosiyanasiyana, ndipo ma anemones ayenera kukhazikitsidwa asanawonekere. Aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi zosefera zamadzi, zopatuka ndi thovu, komanso mapampu okhala ndi ntchito yopangira mpweya.
Nsomba zovala pamafunika kuwala kowala (makamaka ngati anemone amakhalanso mumadzi). Izi nsomba chosasamala mu chakudya - zimadyetsedwa katatu patsiku ndi shrimp, nsomba, squid, pansi zamadzi zamchere, phala louma komanso nyama.
Maonekedwe odabwitsa
Clownfish, kapena Amphiprion, ndi wa mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zam'banja la pomsteer. Pakadali pano mitundu pafupifupi 30 imadziwika, iliyonse imasiyana mitundu ndi malo okhalamo.
Amphiprion ndi mmodzi mwa oimira osaiwalika a nyanja yakuya. Mikwingwirima yoyera ikuluikulu yophatikizika ndi mithunzi yowala ndi kutalika kwakuda kwa zipsepocho zimawonekeradi mochititsa chidwi. Mitundu ya nsomba imasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku lalanje yowala kupita kumtambo wamtambo wakuda, ochepa omwe amakhala ofiira komanso achikaso a chikasu.
Ngakhale nsomba zowoneka ngati zowala zimawoneka zowala, kukula kwake sikuti ndizogulitsa konse. Mu chilengedwe, amphiprion samakula kupitilira 20 cm, mu aquarium kukula kwake kumakhala kocheperako: 10 cm kale ndikochita. Mutu wa nsomba ndi wocheperako, thupi limasungunuka, ndipo mtengo wapamwamba umagawika, ndichifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti pali awiriwo.
Habitat
Nsomba zowola zimakhala, komwe kumakhala kotentha - m'madzi a Indian ndi Pacific Oceans pakuya. Australia imadziwika kuti kwawo ndi kwawo, kugombe komwe adadziwika ndi koyamba kufotokozedwa m'mabuku ake ndi Georges Cuvier wachilengedwe. Zitatha izi, nsomba yokongola idagwidwa nthawi zambiri chifukwa chozolowera madzi am'madzi, ndipo zoyesazo zidachita bwino - posamalira, madziwo amafunikira, pafupi kwambiri ndi komwe kunali malo achilengedwe.
Osaneneka zokwanira, koma m'malo am'madzi, nsomba zowoneka bwino zimakhala nthawi yokwanira 1.5−2 kuposa m'nyanja. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wake pazachilengedwe ili pafupifupi zaka 10. Izi ndichifukwa cha adani ambiri ozungulira, mwanjira ina, kusankha kwachilengedwe.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Mathanthwe a Coral - ndipamene nsomba zansomba zimakhala. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kukhala ndi zoweta zazitali m'nkhalango za anemones ya nyanja. Amphiprions ali ndi Symbiosis wodabwitsa ndi omaliza. Kodi ndimotani momwe nsomba zazikulu zimadutsa anemones, ndipo fidgeti yaying'ono "imasamba" m'mawu awo oyipa?
M'malo mwake, chinsinsi chake ndichosavuta: nsomba zam'mbali zam'madzi zimasambira kumadzi am'madzi ndikuwapatsa "mbola" kuti adziwe momwe nyambo ikusokonekera. Kenako matupi awo amatulutsa ntchofu womwewo womwe umaphimba thupi lawo lonse ndikuteteza motsutsana ndi kuzunza kwa maselo. Chifukwa chake, amphiprions amatha kuyenda mosavuta ndikukhala mkati mwa nyanja anemone.
Mgwirizano woterewu ndiwothandiza mbali zonse ziwiri: nsomba zowala zimadya zotsalira mkati mwa anemone, kuzitsuka kuchokera mkati, ndipo chomaliza, chimapatsa msodziyo chitetezo ndi chitetezo kwa adani. "Nemo" samasambira kwawo ndipo, ngakhale ali ochepa, amateteza mwamphamvu - amadziponya okha kwa adani ndikuwatsina ngati ayandikira nyanja ya anemone.
Mkati mwa anemone iliyonse mumakhala gulu limodzi - wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Ndizosangalatsa kuti nsomba zonse zimachokera kubadwa kwamphongo, koma zimatha kuzisintha mosavuta kuti nsomba iliyonse imakhala ndi awiri kapena ikamwalira mkazi.
Pali malo ena olowera nsomba. "Nemo" yaying'ono imakhala m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono, iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi akazi otchuka, wamwamuna (panjira, iwo ndi okulirapo kuposa enawo kukula) ndi amuna ena onse. Amuna okhaokha amatuluka mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo, ndipo panthawi yomwe amatha kubereka mazira chikwi! Munthawi ya kusasamba kwa ana, "abambo" samamusiyira gawo limodzi: amakwaniritsa mazira ndi mpweya ndikuwateteza molimba mtima kwa adani.
"Nemo" samasambira kwawo ndipo, ngakhale ali ochepa, amateteza mwamphamvu
Kubala nsomba ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosinthira chiweto, makamaka ngati ndichinthu choyamba cha mwana ndipo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa udindo. Ndipo poganizira kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe tsopano ali ndi ziwengo, koma okonda amoyo, ndiye nsomba ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri.
Ndikothekanso kumvetsetsa anthu omwe chisankho chawo chidagwera nsomba zowola. Malongosoledwewo samapereka tanthauzo la momwe angakhalire akoma ndi okhudza mtima. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba izi zimatha kuyankhula. Inde Inde chimodzimodzi! Amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana, monga kuwomba m'manja, kudina komanso ngakhale kukuwa, zomwe zimakopa anthu am'madzi.
Choyipa chokha ndichakuti amatha kukhala ankhanza nthawi zina:
- ndi kuperewera kwa chakudya,
- ngati Nemo alibe pobisalira, nyumba,
- munthu akakhala m'misili,
- ngati pali akazi angapo (adzamenya nkhondo mpaka mmodzi wawo akhale wamkulu),
- amasunga malo okhala bwino ndikuwedza nsomba iliyonse yomwe ikubwera, chifukwa chake, ndikosayenera kubzala mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'madzi, ngakhale zovulaza.
Koma, makamaka, kuwasamalira sikovuta. Miyezo yayikulu ndi:
- kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse
- kusefedwa kwabwino
- Madzi amayenera kutsatira zofunika m'madzi amchere amchere: kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala madigiri 22-27 Celsius, ph - 8-8.4,
- 10 l pa munthu aliyense ndi wokwanira.
Ndikofunika kugula zokongoletsera momwe nsomba zam'madzi zimabisala (kugula anemone kudzakhala mphatso yeniyeni ya Nemo).
Ndikofunika kudyetsa kamodzi patsiku, apo ayi madziwo amasokonezedwa mwachangu. Zakudya zilizonse ndizoyenera nsomba zowoneka bwino komanso zopatsa chidwi, ngati ndizosiyanasiyana, "pet" amangosangalala.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mutsatira malamulo osavuta akukonza ndi kusamalira, mutha kukhala nthawi yayitali kukhala woyang'anira Nemo yanu.
Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Clownfish yatenga dzinali chifukwa cha utoto, kukumbukira mtundu wa Clown komanso chifukwa imakhala yosangalatsa pamiyala.
Dzinali limatchedwa Amphiprion percula, nsomba yomwe ndi imodzi mwa mitundu 30 yotchedwa Amphiprion, ndipo imakhala pakati pa ziphepo zam'madzi za Anemones.
Malo okhala nsomba za Nemo ali m'madzi ofunda, osaya nyanja ya Indian ndi Pacific Oceans kuyambira pagombe lakummawa kwa Africa kupita ku Hawaii.
Anemones a ku Nyanja ndi zomera zapoizoni zomwe zimapha munthu aliyense wokhala pansi pamadzi yemwe adayendayenda m'matumba awo, koma Amphiprions sakutenga poizoni wawo. Ma Clown amaphimbidwa ndi ntchofu zopangidwa ndi Anemones ndikukhala amodzi ndi "nyumba" yawo.
M'mphepete mwa Papua New Guinea muli miyala yambiri ya Coral ndi Anemones, yomwe ili ponseponse ndi moyo. M'm nyanjayi muli mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamitundu yonse, nthawi zambiri ngakhale mitundu ingapo ya m'matanthwe omwewo.
Wojambulidwa ndi nsomba yofiyira mu anemones
Mu aquarium, nsomba zansomba sizimagwira. Popeza izi, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizisungidwa pamodzi ndi nsomba zamtopola komanso zodyedwa.
Kuti mukhale mu ukapolo ndikukhala athanzi, safuna ma Anemones, koma kupezeka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti azitha kuwona zosangalatsa za nsomba.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zimakhala pakati pa Anemones, kusinthana kotereku kumapereka phindu pakati pa nsomba ndi ma coral oopsa.
Anemani amateteza nsomba za m'nyumba zawo kwa adani, palibe amene angayesetse kuthamangitsa Nemo mnyumba mwake poyizoni. Msodzi, umathandizanso Anemones, nsomba ikafa, pambuyo pake kwakanthawi ambiri omwe amadyawo adya nyumba yake, mukachotsa nsomba, Anemone ali pachiwopsezo chopha.
Zovala nsomba zam'madzi
Tinsomba tating'onoting'ono, koma tomweti timathamangitsa iwo omwe alibe chidwi chodya ma Anemones, wina sangakhale ndi moyo popanda winayo.
Okhazikika okhala ndi nsomba zansomba ndi akambuku ndi mbewa, amasankhanso kutetezedwa ndi poyizoni wazomera. Ma Shrimp amakhala oyera nthawi zonse ndikusamalira nyumba zansomba ndikumakhala nawo mwamtendere.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za moyo wa ngwazi yankhaniyi m'madzi. Amphiprion amasungidwa mu habariamu ngati pali anthu ambiri, kuukira koopsa kudzachitika motsutsana mpaka mtsogoleri m'modzi yekha atsala.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, nsomba imakhala membala wa banja, popeza imatha kukhala ndi zaka eyiti kapena kupitirira apo. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito malo ofanana ndi nsomba kukongoletsa malo am'madzi, ndiye kuti madzi ambiri sofunikira, malita khumi okha paokha.
Asodzi a nsomba a Nemo amakonda kukhala malo amodzi m'madzi am'nyanja kapena matanthwe, oyandama kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo. Vuto lokhalo losunga nsomba m'madzi ochepa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali kuipitsidwa kwakanthawi ndi poizoni ndi ma nitrate.
Kusamalira Kansomba mu akasinja otsekedwa, ayenera kumathandizidwa ndi kusefa bwino komanso kusintha kwa madzi.
Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala kuchokera pa 22 ° C mpaka 27 ° C, ph kuyenera kuchokera pa 8.0 mpaka 8.4. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madziwo akukwanira malire am'madzi am'madzi omwe amavomerezedwa kwambiri ndikuwunika kuyatsa ndi kuyenda kwamadzi kokwanira.
Chakudya chowoneka bwino
Ma Clown ali okondwa kulandira zopangidwa zosiyanasiyana. Ma flakes aliwonse azakudya kapena granules zomwe zimapangidwira carnivores kapena omnivores ndizoyenera kudya.
Zakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi madzi oundana, zakudya zokhala ndi moyo komanso zouma zimakondweretsa chiweto chanu kwa zaka zambiri.
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti simukupatsa chakudya kuposa momwe nsomba zimatha kudya, kukhala ndi madzi oyera, kamodzi kapena kawiri kokwanira. Kupezeka kwa nkhono, nkhanu kapena nkhanu m'madzi zimathetsa vuto lodana ndi madzi kuchokera ku zinyalala za chakudya.
Mukamaweta nsomba, Nemo amadyetsedwa pafupipafupi, pafupifupi katatu patsiku, ndimitundu yambiri yazakudya. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, chomera cha phytoplankton ndi crustaceans chimakhala chakudya.
Moyo & Habitat
Kwa nthawi yoyamba nsomba zam'madzi Adafotokozedwa mu 1830. Mitundu ya nsomba zam'madzi zomwe ikukambidwa ndi zofala. Mitundu ina imapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pacific, ndipo ina kum'mawa kwa India.
Chifukwa chake, mutha kukumana ndi ocellaris pagombe la Polynesia, Japan, Africa ndi Australia. Oimira olowa muufumu wanyanja amakonda kukhazikika m'madzi osaya, pomwe kuya sikumapitilira 15, ndipo kulibe mafunde amphamvu.
Zovala zam'madzi zimakhala m'malo obiriwira komanso m'malo ochapira. Amabisala m'nkhalango za ma anemones a nyanja - awa ndi misempha yam'nyanja, yomwe ili m'gulu la matanthwe a coral. Ndizowopsa kuyandikira kwa iwo - invertebrates secrete poyizoni, yomwe imapweteka wovulalayo, pambuyo pake imakhala katundu. Amphiprion ocellaris amalumikizana ndi ma invertebrates - yeretsani mahema awo, amadya zotsalira za chakudya.
Yang'anani! Wosaka sachita mantha ndi ma sea anemones, poizoni wa oyang'anira sikumukhudza. Nsomba zinaphunzira kudzitchinjiriza ku zoopsa zakupha. Ocellaris imakupatsani mwayi wodzivulira pang'ono pokhudza ma tententi. Kenako thupi lake limatulutsa chobisalira cham'mimba, chofanana ndi chipangidwe chake ndi chomwe chimakutidwa ndi anemone ya mnyanja. Pambuyo pake, palibe chomwe chikuwopseza nsomba. Imakhazikika mumtundu wa ma coral polyps.
Symbiosis yokhala ndi kuwerama ndilothandiza kwa chojambula. Poison wa m'madzi oopsa omwe amateteza nyanjayi amateteza anthu okhala munyanja kuti asadye komanso amathandizanso kupeza chakudya. Kenako, nsombayo imathandizira kunyengerera munthu amene wakhudzidwayo kuti akole mumsampha wakufa mothandizidwa ndi mtundu wowala. Ngati sichinali cha zigamba, omenyawo amayembekeza nthawi yayitali kuti awabweretse ziwopsezo, chifukwa sangathe kusuntha.
Munthawi zachilengedwe, ocellaris-riboni atatu amatha kukhala popanda anemones. Ngati chomerachi sichikwanira mabanja onse a nsomba, ndiye kuti zikhomo pakati pamiyala yam'nyanja, m'matanthwe pansi pamadzi ndi grottoes.
Nsomba za Aquarium Clown sizikusowa kwambiri m'mbali mwa uta. Ngati anthu ena okhala m'madzi amakhala mu aquarium ndi iyo, ndiye kuti ocellaris amakhala omasuka kwambiri pakufanizira ndi anemone ya nyanja. Banja la lalanje likamapanda kugawana malo ake ndi madzi ena am'madzi, limakhala lotetezeka pakati pa miyala ndi miyala.
Ozungulira nsomba zansomba, akatswiri odziwa zansomba, achenjeza - Petu wokongola wa lalanje ndiwankhanza, kuteteza anemone momwe amakhalamo. Muyenera kusamala mukamayeretsa aquarium - pamakhala nthawi zina nsomba zikaluma magazi a eni ake. Sachita mantha akaopa kutaya nyumba yawoyabwino.
M'malo okhala m'madzi, banja lokalamba limakhala ndi anemone imodzi. Akazi samavomereza nthumwi zina zamtundu wawo kumalo awo okhala, ndipo amuna amathamangitsa amuna. Banjali limayesetsa kuti lisachoke mnyumbayo, ndipo ngati linganyamuke kuchoka pamenepo, ndiye mtunda wosapitirira 30. Mtundu wowala umathandiza kuchenjeza abale awo kuti gawo lawolowa.
Yang'anani! Ndikofunikira kuti Clown ikhale yolumikizana pafupipafupi ndi anemone yake yam'nyanja, apo ayi nkhosayo imadzitsuka pang'onopang'ono. Poterepa, amphiprion imakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala mnzake wothandizirana naye.
Nsomba za nsomba za Aquarium yogwirizana ndi mitundu yonse yamtundu wawo, kupatula omwe amadyera. Alendo ochokera kumalo otentha sangathe kuyimirira malo oyandikira komanso kuyandikana ndi oyimira amtundu wawo. Zikatero, mpikisano umayamba pakati pa anthu okhala mdera lamadzi. Mkulu aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi malita osachepera 50. madzi kuti masiketi ake akhale abwino.