Squirrel ndi nyama yokongola yotentha, wakhalidwe labwino mu nthano zachabe ndi mabuku a ana. Koma ngakhale nyama yokonda mtendere poyang'ana koyamba ili ndi mbali yamdima ...
Agologolo ndiwo mtundu wa makoswe a banja la agologolo. Monga makoswe ambiri, nyamazo ndizitsamba. Amadyera masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono za mitengo, zipatso, bowa. Ambiri mwa agologolo amakonda kudya mtedza ndi mbewu za conifers. Koma nthawi zina nyama zokongola zamtunduwu zimasanduka zankhanza mwankhanza ndipo ngakhale zimasanduka nkhwawa ...
Wotsogola squirrel
Akatswiri a zaulimi komanso ongodziwa zachilengedwe sangakuloleni kunama: nthawi ndi nthawi gologolo amasaka ndikudya nyama zina. Ozunzidwa ndi chilombo chothamanga amatha kukhala makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbalame zokhala ndi anapiye, repitili.
Nthawi zopitilira kamodzi, zinajambulidwa pamene gologolo adapeza mpheta yokhetsedwa, kapena, monga mphaka weniweni, akusaka mbewa zakuthengo. Nthawi zina njoka zapoizoni mpaka zidakumana nawo! Komanso, nyama nthawi zambiri samadya nyama yonse, koma ndi ubongo wokha womwe umadya. Monga zombie.
Nchiyani chimayendetsa makoswe kuti asaka? Ingoganizirani munthu wamasamba. Adadzipatsa yekha lumbiro la kudya yekha katsitsumzukwa ndi kabichi. Koma nthawi ndi nthawi, thupi limafunikira mavitamini ndi michere ena omwe samapezeka m'zakudya. Ndipo munthu wokhulupirira zamasamba amachotsa ndodo yofunikayo kuchokera ku nkhokwe za firiji :)
Zomwezi zimachitikanso ndi gologolo. Sikuti nthawi zonse amatha kupeza zakudya zoyenera kuchokera ku mankhwala azitsamba. Kapena pabwalo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pomwe mabatani akale atatha, ndipo palibe chakudya. Kenako makoswewo amakakamizidwa kuti azidya nyama.
Mudanyoza mosamala, tayang'anani pa gologolo kusewera mu paki yamzinda? Ndithamangira kutsimikizira :) Nthawi zambiri, makoswewo amagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo. Mbalame, mbewa, ndi njoka zambiri nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zodyedwa ndi gologolo.
Squirrel amathetsa mpikisano
Nthawi zina, makoswe amapha nyama ina, koma osati kuti adye, koma kuti achotse wopikisana nawo pazakudya. Monga mkango umawononga mafisi, nkhandwe ya nkhandwe kapena orca yoyera yoyera, momwemonso gologolo amachotsa mpikisano: mbalame, mileme ndi makoswe ena.
Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zikuchitika ku Tanzania ndizodziwika bwino. Katswiri wazanyama wam'deralo adawona kuwukira kwa gologolo wamtchire kumapiko a Valberg. Nyamayo inkaluma nthawi zingapo, kenako ndikuponyera pansi. Kusamvana kunayambitsidwa ndi zipatso zomwe nyama sizigawana.
Komanso, chomwe chimayambitsa kukwiya kwa mapuloteni poyerekeza ndi nyama zina chitha kukhala chitetezo cha m'gawo lake. Makoswewo amagwira mlendoyo ndipo nthawi zina sawerengera mphamvu zake. Vuto linanso lomwe lingakhale lovutitsa - mayi wa gologolo amateteza ana ake.
Agologolo amadya zovalazo
Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, pomwe zakudya zakale zimadyedwa, ndipo pazifukwa zodziwikiratu palibe chakudya chatsopano kapena zochepa, mapuloteniwo amasinthidwanso ndikukonzanso. Amakonda kudya nyama zotsalira zomwe sizinapulumuke nthawi yozizira kapena kudyedwa ndi adani. Momwemo, momwemonso maunyolo adagwidwa. Omwe amanjenjemera nthawi zina amadyera pamoto.
Ndipo agologolo amakata pa nyanga za agwape ndi agwada. Ndipo amachita izi chaka chonse, osati mchaka chokha. Nyanga ndi gwero la michere yofunika kwa iwo.
Mawonekedwe
Nyama iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yamagologolo maonekedwe, yaying'ono, yokhala ndi mchira wamtali wautali. Agologolo achi Persia ndiocheperako kuposa wamba, ndipo chovala chake ndi chachifupi. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi 20-25,5 masentimita, mchira wake ndi 13- 17cm, kulemera kwa 332- 732 g.Makutu ake ndi aafupi (23-31 mm), opanda malaya. Mtundu wake ndi wowala, wogwirizana. Mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi ndi yaimvi, yodera patali, mbali yakuda yakuda kapena yakuda. Belly ndi chifuwa - kuyambira dzimbiri wowala mpaka pafupi zoyera. Mchira kuchokera ku chestnut mpaka bulauni. M'nyengo yozizira, mtunduwo sukusintha, umangokhala wamdima kumbuyo ndi wotumbululuka pamimba. Agologolo achi Persia amaweta kawiri pachaka: kumapeto kwa Marichi - Epulo komanso kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Okutobala.
Ntchito Zogawa ndi Magulu Aang'ono
Agologolo aku Persian - akupezeka ku Middle East ndi ku Caucasus isthmus. Amakhala ku Transcaucasia, Asia Minor ndi Western Asia komanso ku Iran, komanso kuzisumbu za Lesbos ndi Gokcheada (Nyanja ya Aegean). Chifukwa chakudula mitengo komanso kusowa kwa nyengo, nyengo yake m'mbiri idasungidwa m'magulu anayi omwe siogwirizana:
- S. a. anomalus - Transcaucasia (Abkhazia, Georgia, kumpoto kwa Armenia ndi Azerbaijan) ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Turkey,
- S. a. Syriacus - gombe la Mediterranean la Turkey, Syria, Israel, Lebanon ndi kumpoto kwa Yordano,
- S. a. Persino - Kurdistan Range (kumpoto kwa Iraq ndi kumadzulo kwa Iran),
- S. a. fulvus - kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Iran ku Persian Gulf (Shiraz).
Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Marten ndi nthumwi ya banja lalikulu la marten.Ndi nyama yolusa komanso yovuta, yomwe imatha kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana poyesa kulanda, ikukwera kumtondo wamtchire ndikukwera mitengo ikuluikulu. * Nyama ndi nyama yofunika kubala ndipo imakhala ndi ubweya wokongola wochokera kumdima mfuwa kuti chikasu chikasu.
Tiyeni tiwone zambiri za nyama yonyamula ubweyayi ...
Chithunzi 2.
Marten ndi nyama yokhala ndi ubweya wonenepa komanso wofewa, womwe umatha kupakidwa utoto wamtundu wakuda (wodera wakuda, wamatumbo, wachikasu). Pakhosi, marten amakhala ndi kamvekedwe ka kamvekedwe ka chikasu, mozungulira mawonekedwe. Matata aafupi, achidule. Pamakhala zala pazala. Chizindikiro ndi chakuthwa. Makutu ndi afupiafupi, atatu, ndipo ndimtambo wachikaso m'mphepete. Thupi limakhala loonda, squat, lokwera pang'ono (kuchokera masentimita 45 mpaka 58). Mchira wake ndiwofewetsa, wautali, womwe umafikira hafu ya thupi la omfera (kuyambira 16 cm mpaka 28 cm). Kulemera kwa thupi - kuchokera 800 g mpaka 1.8 kg. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala opepuka kuposa amuna. Ubweya wa marten wozizira umakhala wowoneka bwino komanso wautali kuposa ubweya wa chilimwe, ndipo ubweya wa chilimwe umakhala wolimba komanso wamfupi kuposa ubweya wozizira.
Chithunzi 3.
M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya ma martens, omwe aliyense amakhala m'malo awo okhala ndi nyengo, akumafalikira kwambiri momwe amakhala.
- Martes americana - marten waku America amaphatikizidwa m'gulu la nyama zosowa; zikuwoneka ngati nyama yophedwa, nyama yolusa usiku.
- Martes pennanti - ilka mumakhala mitengo yopanda pake, amakonda kutsatira malo obzala nkhalango.
- Martes foina - miyala yamwala imakhala m'dera lalikulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuposa mitundu ina yomwe imakhala ngati yosaka ubweya.
- Martes martes - ma pine marten ndiofala kwambiri ku Europe ndi Europe, ndi gwero lopeza ubweya wapamwamba kwambiri.
- Martes gwatkinsii - Nilgirian marten ndi nyama yapadera yomwe imakhala kumadera akumwera.
- Martes zibellina - sable ndi chinthu chokhalitsa chosaka; nthawi zina amapanga mtundu wosakanizidwa wotchedwa kidus (osakaniza marten ndi sable).
- Martes flavigula - harza ndi m'gulu la anthu aku Asia, okhala m'malo ambiri kumeneko.
- Martes melampus - Marten waku Japan ndiye gwero la ubweya m'gawo la zilumba zazikulu za Japan.
Chithunzi 4.
Marten waku America amapezeka ku America konse.
Ilka amakhala niche m'nkhalango za North America, amachokera ku Appalachians (West Virginia) kupita ku Sierra Nevada (California).
Chithunzi 12.
Ilka - woimira wamkulu wa marten
Pine marten imakhudza pafupifupi mayiko onse aku Europe: imapezeka ku Western Siberia kupita ku British Isles kumpoto komanso kuchokera ku Elbrus ndi Caucasus kupita ku Mediterranean kumwera.
Chithunzi 9.
Achinyamata a ku Nilgirian amakhala kumwera kwa India, amakhala ku Western Ghat komanso ku Nilgiri Upland. Sable ndi wokhala ku taiga yaku Russia, yomwe imakhala m'dera lochokera ku Pacific Ocean kupita ku Urals.
Chithunzi 5.
Chithunzi 6.
Chithunzi 8.
Marten wachikasu oyamwa, kapena harza, amakonda mayiko otentha a East ndi Southeast Asia, koma amathanso kupezeka ku Russia - ku Far East. Ubweya wa Ussuri marten ulibe phindu lililonse, koma nyamayo idawopsezedwa kuti idzatha. Mtundu wa charza ndi wocheperako chifukwa cha zochita za anthu - anthu amasintha malo okhala. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Yuri Kotyukov.
Chithunzi 7.
Harza amapezeka ku Peninsula ya Korea, ku China, Turkey, Iran, kumapiri a Himalayan, ku Indochina, Hindustan, ku Peninsula ya Malawi ndi ku Great Sund Islands. Zikuyimiridwanso kwambiri ku Pakistan, Nepal, Georgia, Afghanistan. Zimapezekanso kudera la Russia, ndikumakhala m'mizinda ya Khabarovsk ndi Primorsky, Sikhote-Alin, beseni la mitsinje ya Ussuri ndi Amurye. Marten waku Japan poyamba amakhala pamilumba yayikulu 3 ya Japan - Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu. Amakhala ku Tsushima, ku Korea, kuzilumba za Sado ndi Hokkaido.
Ku Russia, palinso mitundu ya martens yotere, ma pine marten, marten yamwala ndi charza.
Pini marten amadya zonse za nyama ndi zakudya. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala makoswe osiyanasiyana (mbewa ndi ma voles). Yemwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto chifukwa cha squirrel. Mbola imadyanso ndi ma hares. M'nyengo yozizira, khola nthawi zambiri limakhala nyama yomwe amadana nayo. Nyama nazonso zimagwira agogo. Izi ndi zabwino makamaka kwa ofera, pomwe nthawi yozizira grouse imalowa mu chipale chofewa. Mwa izi, mbalame zimapulumutsidwa ku chisanu champhamvu. Pakadali pano, ophedwa awagwira. Chilombochi chimasaka grouse nthawi zambiri. Izi zimachitika ngati wolakwirayo akuzunzidwa kwambiri ndi njala. Mbalame zotsala zomwe zikukhala m'malo ophera nyama sizikufuna chidwi ndi nyama yomwe imakhala. Wofera amakonda kudya njuchi, njuchi, mavu. Mphutsi za tizilombo ndi uchi wawo. Marten amadya zakudya zam'mera, kuphatikiza zipatso zingapo: lingonberries, phulusa lamapiri, viburnum, blueberries, hawthorn, rose rose, bird Cher. Pakakhala zipatso zambiri m'nkhalangomo ndipo zipatso zake sizikuntha kwa nthawi yayitali, wopandawo amangodya zokha ndipo samakonda kusaka nyama zina.
Thupi la marten limakhudza mwachindunji zizolowezi zake: nyamayi imangoyenda mwadzidzidzi kapena modzidzimutsa (panthawi yothamanga) Thupi losinthika limagwira ngati kasupe wopendekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama yomwe ikuthawa ikhale yokhota kwa kamphindi kakang'ono m'mitsempha ya ma conifers. Wofesayo amakonda kukhala pakati ndi mitengo yamitengo yayitali. Mosamala amakwera mitengo, ndikutsitsa mitengo ingapo yowongoka yomwe imamupatsa mwayi wopanga zibowo zakuthwa.
Pini marten amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kusaka pansi ndikuwononga nthawi yayitali pamitengo. Wofesayo amakonza zogona m'mayenje amitengo mpaka 16 metre kapena mwachindunji korona wawo. Wofera samangopewera munthu, koma amabisala. Amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, osasintha malo omwe amakonda, ngakhale kuperewera kwa chakudya. Koma nthawi zina, amatha kuyendayenda ndimapuloteni omwe nthawi zambiri amasuntha maulendo ataliatali.
Chithunzi 11.
M'malo omwe nkhalango zimakhazikitsidwa ndi martens, mitundu iwiri yamasamba imasiyanitsidwa: mayendedwe, komwe nthawi zina kumachitika, ndi kusaka tsiku ndi tsiku, kumene martens amakhala nthawi yayitali. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yophukira, martens amapanga gawo laling'ono kwambiri la malo awo osaka, akukhala nthawi yayitali m'malo omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, malirewa amakula kwambiri chifukwa chosowa chakudya, ndipo marten amakhala ndimayendedwe amafuta oyenda. Nthawi zambiri amayendera malo monga malo okhala ndi malo odyetserako, akumayika chizindikiro nawo mkodzo.
Chithunzi 13.
Dasyurus viverrinus - Spotted Marten
Chithunzi 14.
Dasyurus viverrinus - Spotted Marten
Chithunzi 15.
Dasyurus viverrinus - Spotted Marten
Chithunzi 16.
Ndi moyo wake wonse, marten ndi wolumikizidwa ndi nkhalango. Imapezeka m'malo ambiri okhala m'nkhalango momwe mitengo yosiyanasiyana imamera, koma koposa zonse imakonda spruce, nkhalango za paini ndi mbewu zodziyandikana nazo pafupi. Madera akumpoto, ndi spruce-fir, kum'mwera - spruce-deciduous, m'chigawo cha Caucasus - nkhalango za fir-beech.
Pokhala amoyo wokhazikika, marten amasankha madera okhala m'nkhalango zazikulu ndi mitengo yayitali, nkhalango zakale, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi malo ang'onoang'ono achichepere, okhala ndi mmbali zazitali, komanso malo a nkhalango omwe ali ndi malo komanso malo owombapo. Koma imathanso kukhazikika kumadera athyathyathya, m'nkhalango zamapiri, komwe imapezeka m'mipata ya mitsinje yayikulu ndi mitsinje. Mitundu ina ya marten sapewa miyala yamiyala, yoyikiratu. Malo okhala anthu amayesera kuti asakhale patali, kulowa malo osungirako malo okha kudzera m'mapaki. Kupatula kokha ndi kuphedwa kwa miyala, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhazikika m'mizinda ndi m'midzi.
Chithunzi 17.
Nyama ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi, koma nthawi zambiri amadya nyama zazing'ono (monga, mwachitsanzo, mbewa zam'munda ndi agologolo), mbalame, ndi kuyikira mazira. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chidwi chakuti amakonda makoswe, ngati nkhani yosaka, yomwe amphaka amayesa kudutsa chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu. Osanyoza martens ndi carrion, tizilombo, nkhono, achule, zokwawa. Mukugwa, martens amadya mtedza, zipatso ndi zipatso mosavuta. Pamapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yonse yophukira, martens amagona chakudya mosungirako, chomwe ndi chofunikira kwa iwo nthawi yozizira.
Chithunzi 18.
Chimwala chamwala kapena chinsomba choyera ndizocheperako (kutalika kwa masentimita 46, mchira 24 cm.). Miyendo yake ndi yaifupi, makutu ake ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi ofera wamba. Chilombocho chili ndi mutu wokwezeka wokhala ndi chisafu chachifupi. Mtundu wa nyama yolusa ndi yofiirira komanso yoyera yamkati komanso malo oyera pachifuwa pamalo pomwe pine marten amakhala ndi chikasu. Kutalika kwa m'mphepete mwa dzino lakumaso ndilokulirapo kuposa kupindika kwa tubercle yapamwamba, yomwe ili kunja kotchedwa bilobate.
Stone marten amapezeka pakatikati pa Europe, Italy kupatula Sardinia, ku England, Sweden ndi ku Western Asia (makamaka ku Palestine, Syria ndi Asia Minor), imapezekanso ku Afghanistan ndi Himalayas (osachepera 1600 metres pamtunda wa nyanja). Ku Russia, chilombochi chimakhala ku Central Russia, ku Siberia. Marten amapezekanso ku Caucasus.
Chilombo chimasungidwa pafupi ndi malo okhalamo anthu pamulu wa miyala, nyumba zakale, nkhokwe ndi nkhokwe. Nyumbu zimakwera moyenera ndikuvulaza nkhuku ndi mazira awo. Monga martie wina, nthawi zambiri amapha nyama zambiri kuposa zomwe angadye.
Chithunzi 20.
Stone marten amasakidwa kumpoto kwa Russia ndi ku Siberia ndi galu yemwe, atagunda njira yozizira nyengo yozizira, amayiyendetsa ndi kubowola pansi choyamba, kenako, chilombocho chikakwera mtengo, galu amayang'anira mayendedwe ake. Wogulitsa mafakitale, atayandikira "galu wokuwa" kupita pamalo pomwe mabowo amayimapo, amawapukutira, koma ngati abisala, amatera pansi mtengowo ndikuchotsa chiweto. Marten, akathawa kuti asawatsatire, akwera milu yamkokomo, yophimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa, pomwepo malowa amakumbidwa mu dzenje ndipo mbali yakumbuyo imakutidwa ndi ukonde, pomwe marten amagwera. Ku Siberia, martens amagwidwa ndi misampha komanso msampha wapadera - mkamwa, womwe umakhala ndi mtengo womwe ukugwera nyama panthawi yomwe, ikuyenda pansi pa msampha, imagwira sim yomwe yatambasulidwa (chingwe chopyapyala, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chopangidwa ndi mahatchi oyera). Milomo ikukhazikika pamayendedwe ophedwa.
Nthawi zina martens amakodwa mu msampha mwa kudya, ndiye kuti, phindu mwanjira ya hazel grouse kapena mbalame yaying'ono. Usodzi wa Kuniy umapangidwa kwambiri kudera la Kuban, komwe mitundu yamapiri imachitidwa: Karachais, Kabardins, makamaka Abazins. Pophera nsomba, okwera mapiri amachoka kwawo mu Okutobala kapena Novembala, pomwe chipale chofewa sichimasokoneza mayendedwe ake. Pofika, amagawika m'magulu a anthu 4 mpaka 6 ndikusaka mpaka kumapeto kwa February kapena March. Misampha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati bolodi, mbali imodzi yopapatiza yomwe imayikidwira mu poyambira idayikidwa mu mtengo. Mbali inayi ili pamtengo. Ndi kachitidwe kamodzi, nyambo (nyama ya nkhumba) imayikidwa pa bolodi, ndipo marten amafa chifukwa cha mphamvu ya bolodi ina, yomwe imayikidwa pakona mpaka yoyamba, m'matumbo omwewo. M'misampha ina, nyambo imamangidwa pansi pa bolodi, ndipo marten imaphwanyidwa ndi mtanda wolemera, womwe ungasinthidwe ndi mitengo yomweyo yomwe board imayikidwapo.
Chithunzi 21.
Gulu la osaka 2040 limatulutsa m 500 mpaka 500 nyengo yachisanu. Kusaka marten ku Caucasus kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi misampha. Momwe mumadzola mafuta ndi kuyika pansi. Mukununkhira nyama yankhumba, ma martens amakumba pansi ndikugwera mumsampha ndi mutu kapena phazi lawo.Pafupi ndi malo okhala nyambo mumsampha, onjezani mazira atsopano. Kuti marten apambane, muyenera kupita kukasaka ndi galu wophunzitsidwa bwino, kulowa kunkhalango nthawi yozizira ndikukonzekera kugona usiku wonse kunkhalango. Marten amatha kuyenda pamtunda wamakilomita ambiri, chifukwa chake mlenje ayenera kukhala wolimba. Akatswiri odziwa kusaka m'tinjira amatha kudziwa zambiri za kukula ndi gawo la marten.
Chithunzi 22.
Chithunzi 23.
Chithunzi 24.
Chithunzi 25.
Chithunzi 26.
Moyo
Imakhala m'munda wamapiri kumapiri ake. Imakhala m'nkhalango za oak-beech, walnut ndi chestnut. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda. Pewani nkhalango zam'madzi zokhala ndi udzu wambiri, chivundikiro chakufa, nkhalango zazitali za mitengo ya beech. Mu zaka zolephera mbewu, chakudya chachikulu chimapita kunkhalango zosakanikirana. Komabe, kuchokera pano gologolo waku Perisiya amasinthidwa ndi mnzake - gologolo wamba, yemwe adayambitsidwa ku Caucasus m'ma 30-50 a m'zaka za XX. Munkhalango zowola, mpikisano umakhala wopanda mphamvu, popeza gologolo wamba amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira.
Agologolo achi Persia amakhala okha komanso awiriawiri. Yogwira masana, ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimachitika m'mawa kwambiri ndi nthawi yamadzulo. Kuthengo ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa mawu ake, ofanana ndi chitsulo chobera - chinyengo. Khalidwe limakhala losasinthika, ngakhale nthawi zambiri (pafupipafupi kuposa agologolo wamba) limatsikira pansi. Ikuuluka kuchoka kunthambi kupita kunthambi, imalumphira mita 3-5. Ikakhala pangozi, imabisala mu korona wamtengo kapena kugundana, ndikugwirana ndi thunthu. Amasambira bwino, koma mosazengereza amalowa m'madzi. Zikuwoneka kuti samapanga maulendo ambiri osunthika; mayendedwe ake amakhala achilengedwe - pamene mtedza ndi zipatso zimacha, mapuloteni amawuka potsetsereka. Samagwa.
Agologolo achi Persia amasakidwa ndi nkhalango ndi miyala ya m'miyala, agologolo ongobadwa kumene amaphedwa mwaunyinji. Agologolo aku Persia samalolera kuti akhale akapolo ngakhale atakhala achichepere.
Ziwawa
Zokhazikika mumabowo omwe ali pamtunda wa 5-14 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka kapena pansi, m'mizu yopanda mizu. Guyna wochokera ku nthambi zamasamba ndi masamba samakonda kupanga. Amakonda kukhazikika pachilumba, m'ngalande, mapu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Zingwe za chisa m'dzenje ndizosanjikiza zitatu: zoyambirira, zosanjikiza zakunja zimakhala ndi fumbi louma, lachiwiri - kuchokera masamba osweka, lachitatu, lamkati - kuchokera masamba onse ndi moss.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Amadyetsa njere za mitengo, mtedza, ma chestnuts, ma acorn, zipatso, zipatso, bowa, masamba ndi mphukira za mitengo yamitchi ndi zitsamba. Ku Caucasus, amakonda walnuts ndi hazel. Ku Lebanon ndi Israel, amadyera makamaka nthanga za mkungudza, mitengo ya paini ndi ma acorn. Kwa munthu amene amadyetsa mapuloteni amatha kudya mpaka 30 g wa makoko a mtedza. Nthawi zambiri amadya chakudya cha nyama (ma invertebrates, mazira a mbalame, abuluzi).
Pazakudya, kudalira nyengo kumawonedwa. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika, maziko azakudya ndi mbewu za mitengo. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, gawo la chakudya chobiriwira limachuluka ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha nyama kumachuluka. Kwa nthawi yozizira, gologolo amapanga masheya, mtedza, ma acorn, bowa, kuwabisa m'malo osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri m'miyala yamtengo wokalamba, ndipo makoswe ena amagwiritsanso ntchito masheya ake.
Kuswana
Biology ya kubereka kwake yaphunziridwa moyipa kwambiri kuposa puloteni wamba. Ku Transcaucasia, gologolo wa ku Persia amabereka chaka chonse, ndi nsonga zitatu: kumapeto kwa Januware - koyambirira kwa February, kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Zinyalala pachaka 2, mwa akazi ena - 3. Mimba mpaka masiku 30, mu maliseche 2-4 wamaliseche, wakhungu wakhungu. Kudyetsa kumatenga mpaka milungu 6. Mapuloteni achichepere amafikira kukhwima ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi isanu ndi umodzi.
Mkhalidwe Wosamalira ndi Kuchulukitsa
Chiwerengero cha agologolo aku Persia ndi chocheperako ndipo amatha kusinthasintha kwakukulu kutengera biotope. Imakonda kwambiri m'nkhalango zachikulire, m'mabowo, komanso m'nkhalango. Ku Georgia, chifukwa cha kuyambitsa gologolo wamba, yemwe adalowa m'malo agologolo aku Persia kuchokera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, kuchuluka kwake ndi madera awo adatsika ndi 20%. Zowonongeka zazikulu kwambiri kwa anthu ake zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa nkhalango ndi anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo awo achilengedwe azitha komanso magawikidwe a magawo azinthu zina.
Agologolo a ku Persia alibe mtengo uliwonse wogulitsa chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi ubweya wawo. Zimawononga zina pakudya walnuts.
Kodi chovala cha ubweya chotentha chilimwe ndi chiyani?
Nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka, nyama izi zimakhala ndi mtundu wina wa malaya. Kawiri pachaka, amamira pamutu, thunthu ndi miyendo, koma mchira umasungunuka nthawi zambiri.
Agologolo m'chilimwe amavala malaya ofiira kapena ofiira. Ndi anthu amaso ofiira omwe amakonda kuwona kukongola kwa nkhalangoyi. Mutha kuwona agologolo m'chilimwe mu chithunzi. Ku Germany mutha kukumana ndi zokongoletsa mutavala ubweya wakuda. Tummy imakhala yopentedwa nthawi zonse.
Buku. Nyamayi imakhulupirira kwambiri ndipo imakonda kuzolowera anthu.
Kutha kwa nyama izi kudabwitsidwa ndi ambiri, chifukwa amatha kukwera mitengo yayitali ndi liwiro la mphezi ndikulumpha kuchokera ku nthambi imodzi kupita ku ina, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo sungakhale wocheperako. Omuthandizira ake ndizovala zowongoka zala zake ndipo, mwachidziwikire, mchira wabwino kwambiri, womwe umafunika osati kukongola kokha, komanso kuuluka.
Buku. Kukwera pamwamba pa mtengo, gologolo amasunthira mowonekera, kodi udazindikira izi?
Kuswana
M'nyengo yotentha, nyama izi zimayamba kubereka. Amasankha mnzake pokhapokha nyengo yakukhwima, nyama zimakonda kukhala zokha.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti nyamazi ndizitali ndipo zimatha kubweretsa malita atatu munthawi imodzi. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi:
- malo
- kuchuluka kwa anthu
- kuchuluka kwa chakudya chopezeka mdera lakhanu.
Pa nthawi ya msambo, abambo pafupifupi 3-6 amasonkhana mozungulira mkazi. Ndiwopikisana pakati pawo ndipo amatha kuchita mwamtopola wina ndi mnzake. Izi zitha kuwonetsedwa ngati kungokangana, kuthamangitsa, ndewu. Pakakhala wopambana m'modzi, nyama zimatha kupitilira umuna.
Kwa achichepere, amayi amtsogolo amapanga chisa china. Ndi yayikulu komanso yolondola kwambiri kuposa zisa zachilengedwe za nyama izi.
Chochititsa chidwi. Amayi amtsogolo amapangira chisa chopitilira chimodzi kwa ana awo amtsogolo. Izi ndikuteteza zinyenyeswazi. Pakakhala zoopsa, amayi amatha kusamutsa ana ake kuchokera pachisa, komwe amakhala pangozi kupita kumalo otetezeka.
Kulera ana kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 35- 388, ndipo makanda mu litala limodzi akhoza kukhala wani mpaka khumi.
Kodi amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Chiyembekezo chamoyo cha nyama izi ndi zaka 12, osatinso, ndipo apa ndi pomwe amasungidwa. Mukakhala kuthengo, kukongola kotentha sikungakhale zaka zopitilira 4, izi ndizobisala.
Nyama monga marten, kadzidzi, nkhandwe ngakhale amphaka zimawopseza nyama zazinyama. Munkhalangomo, puloteni imatha kufa chifukwa chosowa chakudya, ndipo nkhupakupa, utitiri ndi majeru ena, omwe amanyamula matenda osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza matenda a chiwewe, amathanso kufa. Chifukwa cha matenda a nyama izi, kuchuluka kwa moyo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.