Gulani kuvina - kuvina komwe kumagonjetsa America

"Music of the mapazi" - kwenikweni, mutha kufotokozera kuvina kwapampopi. Kwa kuvinaku sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo - nyimboyo imamenyedwa ndi nsapato zapadera zokhala ndi mbale zachitsulo zokhazokha. Uwu ndiye mwayi waukulu wamtunduwu: njira yovina yapadera imapezeka ngakhale kwa anthu akhungu. Kupatula apo, amamva iye. Ndani adayamba kumenya kuvina kwapampopi, tikupereka lingaliro kuchokera pa nkhani yathu.

Dinani Dance Mbiri

Mwanjira ina, kuvina kumeneku kumatchedwa gawo la America, chifukwa ndi United States yomwe imawerengera mtundu wa mtundu. Kuwongolera uku kwasandulika kwambiri pa Broadway, kenako Hollywood. Kukhazikika mobwerezabwereza ndi kuyimbirana kwa nsapato zokhala ndi zidendene zachitsulo kunakopa malingaliro a anthu aku America, ngakhale kuli Kuponderezedwa Kwakukulu komwe kunasesa dzikolo kumapeto kwa 1920s komanso koyambirira kwa 1930s. Anthu ankakonda kupita kumayimbidwe azanyimbo kuti azisangalala ndi zisangalalo zomwe amakonda. Kodi ndani anali woyenera 'kuvomerezedwa' chifukwa cha chipwirikiticho?

Zoyambira tsambali zimachitika muzochitika zamasewera azikhalidwe zodziwika bwino za ku America - Amwenye. Kuyenda kwawo pa miyambo kumafanana kwenikweni ndi chinthu ngati kuvina kwa bomba. Koma "makolo" owona pazomwezi ndi zikadali chikhalidwe cha Negroes ndi Irish, omwe adakhazikitsa mayiko a New World kale m'zaka za zana la 18. Achikuni amabweretsa mitsempha ya ku America ku America, ndipo aku Iran amabweretsa gig. M'masewera otukuka omwe anthu osamukira kudziko lina amasankha, mafuko ena ndi ena omwe adasungunuka adasungunuka kumenyera kovina kovina bwino kopanda zidindo zamatabwa. Mpikisano wachilendo unakhalabe pamthunzi wa anthu wamba mpaka 1830, womwe umawerengedwa ngati chaka chobadwira tsatanetsatane.

Mu 1830, wovina wodziwika ku Ireland, yemwe adasewera pansi pa Papa Rice, adawonetsa anthu kuvina kwatsopano. Adaphatikizanso jig ndi zinthu zina zamtundu waku Africa, makamaka, adabwereka miyendo, mapewa ndi manja. Papa Rice adalandilidwa mokweza kwambiri - Umu ndi momwe matepi opopera anaonekera, omwe anasangalatsa America.

Mpaka zaka 20 zapitazo, sitimayo idalumikizidwa ndi Broadway komanso akatswiri ojambula ovina bwino. M'modzi mwa omwe anangotsala pang'ono kulowa m'bwalo la masewera anali a Robert-American Bill Robinson. Wovina adakwanitsa kukwaniritsa zodabwitsa panthawiyo - kupambana pagulu loyera. Zowonadi, molingana ndi malamulo a tsankho la nthawi imeneyo, akuda amayenera kuvalira azungu okha, ndi azungu - azungu. A Robinson asintha miyambo imeneyi. Koma sikuti izi ndizodabwitsa kwa chithunzi chake pakukula kwa gawo. Kumenya jombo, kumenyetsa, kuvina masitepe - zonsezi ndi bizinesi yake "yamanja", yomwe mafani amakono ovina matepi amati zikomo.

Ndi chitukuko cha makampani opanga mafilimu, kuvina kwatsatanetsatane kumapeza mwayi wina. Tsopano kalembedwe kakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera oyang'anira makanema. Mafano atsopano a sitepe amawonekera. Frederic Austerlitz kapena Fred Astaire adakhala woyamba kuimba nyimbo zaku Hollywood, ngakhale poyamba anali wokayikira kuti ali ndi ufulu wotani: wosewera wolimbitsa thupi, sadziwa kusewera, pokhapokha akavina pang'ono. Koma mnyamatayo adakwanitsa kukopa wopanga mafilimu David Selznik ndikuwonetsa dziko lapansi talente yake. Ubwino wa Aster ndikuti sanangochita sitepe. Adawaphatikiza mwaluso ndi nyimbo zovina zachikale, popanga makondedwe apadera.

Ndani ku Hollywood amene adagwira chikhato pakati pa oyendetsa akuda omwe akukoka? Anali Sammy Davis Junior, yemwe adayamba ntchito yake ali ndi zaka 3. Wa ku Africa kuno waluso anapambana chikondi ndi anthu ndipo adapita naye ndi mayendedwe abwino kwambiri.

Nthawi ya pambuyo pa nkhondo imawerengedwa ngati golide pakukhazikitsa gawo. Nkhondo ili kumbuyo - mutha kumasuka ndikusangalala ndi masewera a oyimba nyimbo akuchita sitepe. Mayina a Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly, Ginder Rogers sasiya zikwangwani, ndipo omenyera ufuluwo sanasiye kumenya nyimbo yabwino, kusinthiratu kuvina.

Mu ma 50s oyambilira, mtunduwu unkadutsa nthawi yayitali. Boma lidakhazikitsa msonkho wamagulu akuluakulu, nyimbo zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zovina. Nyimbo zamagetsi zimasiya kukhala zopindulitsa - opanga akufuna malingaliro atsopano a zolemba. Chifukwa chake, sitepeyo ikadali pambali ya makampani opanga mafilimu, omwe adakwanitsa kuyipanga, ndikupereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka 60, Broadway idalamulidwa ndi zochitika zazikulu zovina: owongolera adayamba kutsitsimutsa nyimbo zakale, kuphatikiza ndi ziwerengero. Nthawi yomweyo, mapulogalamu angapo onena za steppe amayambitsidwa pawailesi yakanema. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kutsitsimutsidwa kwa kalembedwe, funde latsopano la kutchuka kwake. Nthawi yomweyo, sitepeyo imasiya kuzindikirika monga zosangalatsa chabe. Kutumphuka kwa Virtuoso ndi nsapato kunakhala chinthu chojambulajambula - mafani amtunduwo adayamba kutsegulira masukulu akuvina, miyambo ndi mpikisano pakati pa steppes zidakonzedwa kuzungulira dzikolo.

Pakadali pano, chidwi m'mawonekedwe sichinathe. Inde, sitepeyo yasiyira zowonera zazikulu. Kodi "adakhazikika" kuti? M'magulu ang'onoang'ono, komwe ovina amakono akupitilizabe kumenya mpikisano poyeserera kuti akhale wojambula waluso kwambiri.

Zosangalatsa

• Nsapato zokhala ndi zidendene zachitsulo zimawonekera m'masiku a jazi zokha. Poyamba, sitepe idavina mu zovala ndi nsapato zokhala ndimatanda amatabwa.
• Kuyambira 1989, kila Meyi 25, ovina onse amakondwerera tsiku la masitepe. Tsiku silinasankhidwe mwamwayi. Lero mtsogoleri wama gule wa nyimbo Bill Robinson adabadwa. Ku USA, tchuthi chinalandira udindo.
• Mu 1935 Little Colonel, Bill Robinson amachita "sitepe yake" yodziwika bwino pamodzi ndi katswiri wa kanema Shirley Temple, wopambana wa Academy Award. Iyi inali kanema woyamba pomwe nthumwi za mitundu yakuda ndi yoyera zinavina. Pachifukwa ichi, kanemayo adaletsedwa kuti aziwonetsa kumayiko akumwera.
• Pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, Fred Astaire adalimbikitsa asitikali aku America kuti azoseweretsa kuvina kwamakono. Anasamukira ku London kuti akalimbikitse azinzake asanafike ku Normandy.
• Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XIX, sitepeyi idawonedwa ngativina ngati anthu akuda ku United States, chifukwa idalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha jazi. Zinali ngati nyimbo za jazi zidapangidwira kuvina kwa bomba, chifukwa chake kuvina mu 1920s kumatchedwa "jazi" ndipo palibe china.
• Mu 1920, sitimayo idasangalatsa kwa omwe kale anali okonda kumwa mowa kwambiri. Kuletsedwa ku United States chaka chimenecho kuyika lamulo loletsa kupanga ndi kugulitsa mowa. Pofuna kusangalatsa omvera, eni malo omwe amamwa adayitanitsa mapiri akuda.
• Mu 2000, Guinness Book of Record adapezeka pa steppe Jerry Adams. Wovina adatalikirana kuchokera ku Washington kupita ku New York mu maola 6. Chodabwitsa ndi chiani apa? Zakuti adachita izi, akumenya chidutswa chavina. Mwa njira - mtunda pakati pamalo omaliza anali 328 km.
• Pali malo ena mu Bukhu la Mbiri, nthawi ino odzipereka kwa othamanga. Kumenyedwa 28 pamphindi - izi ndi zotsatira za Michael Raine Flatley, wojambula wolemba zochokera ku Ireland. Nyimbozo zinajambulidwa mu 1989. Pafupifupi zaka 9 pambuyo pake, wovinayo adatulutsa mbiri yake, nkumayika batani yatsopano ya 35 hits. Koma a Michael Flatley siotchuka pamenepa. Zovina zake zazikulu, makamaka "Lord of thevina" ndi "Feet of Flames", zidapambana chikondi cha mafani akuvina padziko lonse lapansi.

• Malinga ndi akatswiri, oyambira komanso othamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi mkazi. Udindo uwu unaperekedwa kwa Elinor Powell, yemwe ntchito yake idachitika mu 30s ndi 40s.
• Sitepe ya ku Ireland ndi yochititsa chidwi ndi mphamvu komanso mtundu wake. Mtunduwu ndi wovuta kuphedwa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mikwingwirima ndi mwendo umodzi kumasiyana kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 6. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi limasunthasuntha, miyendo yokha ndi yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kuvina. Amayiimba nyimbo, nyimbo za Celtic.
• Kuvina kwapampopi sikunathere ku Russia. Kuvina kwathu kumatchedwa crushers. Mosiyana ndi ovina akunja, Russian idasiya nsapato zokhala ndi mbale zachitsulo. M'malo mwake, nsapato zokhala ndi miyendo iwiri zidagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Boma la Soviet Union pambuyo pa nkhondoyo lidatsutsana molakwika ndi izi - chitukuko cha mtunduwu chidalepheretsedwa ndi Iron Curtain. Ngakhale izi, miyambo yaku America idapangidwa modzipereka ndi abale a Gusakov.
• Mutha kusilira zochitika zapamwamba osati pazoyimba zakale zaku America zokha. Amapezekanso m'mafilimu aku Soviet Union. Chifukwa chake, Lyubov Orlova adawonetsa talente yake pochita gawo mu filimu "Circus".
• Pali nthano kuti sitepeyo idabadwa pa sitima yonyamula anthu osamuka ku Europe. Mukamapita kumadera akutali, nthumwi za mayiko osiyanasiyana zinkayenda bwino ndipo zinali zomenyetsa. Ovina aku Europe sanali otsika kuposa oyendetsa sitimawo, omwe pomveka bwino amapanga ndalama zazing'ono zaku England - ma pennies - mpaka kumapeto.

Nyimbo zabwino kwambiri mumtundu wa sitepe

Monga tidanenera kale, mbiri yovina kwa tapapa ilumikizidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi nyimbo za jazi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazoyimba. Chifukwa chake, zida zabwino kwambiri zimawonetsedwa mu nyimbo zachikale za Hollywood.

«Chattanooga Chu Chu"Imamveka mu filimu" Serenade of the Sun Valley ". Mu 1941, mbiri yokhala ndi izi idakhala mtsogoleri wa ma chart aku America. Ndipo nkhani yanyimboyo idayamba pa sitima yomwe idakwera pa Southern Railway kudutsa tawuni ya Chattanooga. Lyricist wolemba a Mark Gordon, ndi nyimbo zolemba Harry Warren. Panyimbo, nyimboyi imachitidwa ndi Glenn Miller Jaz Orchestra.

«Singin 'Mumvula". Nyimbozi zidatulutsidwa mu 1929, ndipo adatchuka mu 1952 atamasula nthano ya "Kuimba Mvula" pa TV. Gene Kelly, yemwe adachita gawo loyimbira nyimbo zovuta, ndizogwirizana ndi kutchuka kwake. Poterepa, wochita sewerayo adakhazikitsa choreography iye mwini. Kumayambiriro kwa 2000s, nyimboyi idatenga malo achitatu pamndandanda wa nyimbo zodziwika bwino kwambiri pama malingaliro a otsutsa mafilimu aku America.

«Kontinenti"- nyimbo yayikulu ya mu kanema" Chehluk Divorce "ya 1934. Nyimbo yotchuka ya Fred Aster ndi Ginger Rogers ikuvina pansi pake pamnyimbo. Patatha chaka chimodzi, nyimboyi idapambana Oscar munyumba yotchedwa "Nyimbo Yabwino Kwambiri" ndipo idakhala nyimbo yoyamba kupambana m'gululi. Mpaka 1935 kusankhidwa kumeneku kunalibe.

Akatswiri opeza amaonetsetsa kuti povina masitepe palibe choletsa chokhudza nyimbo. Uwu ndi mtundu waulere womwe ungathe kuseweredwa zonse zamakono ndi zamakono. Zilibe kanthu kuti ndi ovala angati omwe adzaphatikizidwe - m'modzi, awiri kapena onse a corps de ballet. Mulimonsemo, kuvina kwa bomba kumawoneka kosangalatsa komanso kowoneka bwino.

Kodi mumakonda tsambalo? Gawanani ndi anzanu:

Nkhani

Kuvina kwa bomba kumachokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka kuvina kwa ku Ireland komanso miyambo yovina ya ku America. Idakhala yotchuka kwambiri ku USA, komwe miyambo yambiri yazikhalidwe idasanjidwa, ndipo chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi 1900 kuvina kwatsopano kunayamba.

Mu 1930s ndi 1940s, sitepeyo idatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha zojambula za nyimbo za Hollywood. Fred Astaire, Paul Draper, Ray Bolger adalemba zosewerera zamakono ndi kuvina kuchokera pamabati a classical, kusiyanitsa ndikupangitsa chidwi cha kuvinaku. Mwachilengedwe, fashoni ya jazi yatchukitsa kuvina kwa mpopi, ndikupatsanso chithunzi chatsopano komanso zovuta komanso zamtopoma.

Mu 1970s, chidwi pa steppe chidatsitsimuka, chifukwa chakuti nyimbo zakale zidabwezeretsedwa ku USA, masukulu akuvina adayambanso. Chimodzi mwamagulu omwe ali odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe amasewera magawo osiyanasiyana a Irish (nsapato zolimba za ku Ireland) ndi gulu "Riverdance".

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 komanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, malo ovinirawa adadzakhalanso USA, pomwe a Gregory Hines, Savion Glover, Jason Samuels-Smith ndi ena amagwira ntchito.apa bomba likuwonetsa kuti a Tag Dogs adadziwonetsa okha, omwe amayesera kugwiritsa ntchito gule lachiwonetsero pofotokozera mtundu wa mafakitale amakono mzinda.

Ku USSR, kuvina sikunakondwere kuvomerezedwa, koma kuvina kwa bomba kumakhalapo m'mafilimu: Carnival Night, Night Nighting ku Gagra, Tachokera Ku Jazz. Ngakhale panali kuvina kosakwanira ku USSR, akatswiri aku Soviet Dance a Gusakova abale adakonda kutchuka.

Pamalo a Soviet Union, sitepeyo ikukula bwino. Odziwika otchuka a ku Moscow a Vyacheslav Yankovsky, Konstantin Nevretdinov (wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi), Vladimir Kirsanov, Oleg Fedotkin, ku Rostov-on-Don Pyotr Kovalev, ku Kiev - Vladimir Shpudeyko, Odessa okhala - Alexey Gilko, Sergey Ostapenko.

Kodi mbalame zakuvina zamtopola zimakhala kuti kuthengo?

• Kodi mbalame zovina za bomba zimakhala kuti? Dinani malo okhala kuthengo ndikokwanira. Amakhala m'maiko osiyanasiyana (makamaka kumpoto kwa Europe, North America, Greenland).
• Funso limakonda kumuka - bomba kuvina wosamukasamuka mbalame kapena ayi? Kutengera mtunda, mbalamezi zimatha kusamuka komanso kukhazikika.
• Pa gawo la Russian Federation mutha kuwona zolengedwa izi mu tundra ndi nkhalango tundra (Transbaikalia, Ussuri Territory), ku Crimea ndi Caucasus. Pakati pa Russia, mbalamezi zimawuluka nthawi yozizira.

• Ma Tapta - mbalame zomwe zimakonda zikhalidweChifukwa chake, amayendayenda m'malo oterera, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo onyowa, otuwa ndi udzu wawutali.
• Dinani kuvina osati mawonekedwe okha zolengedwa zokakamiza, koma, kwenikweni, ngakhale asayansi sangathe kuneneratu zaulendo wawo ndi momwe awonekera.

Zojambula za kuvina kwa bomba mwa chilengedwe

• Monga tanena kale, kuvina kwa bomba - gulu la mbalame, okangalika kwambiri komanso okakamiza. Onse pamodzi amafulumira kufunafuna chakudya, osasamala kwambiri zakunja ndi zoopsa zake. Nthawi zina zochuluka anthu omwe ali mu pack akhoza kukhala masauzande.
• Amakonda kuzolowera anthu ndipo amayesera kuti apeze phindu lochuluka mwa mitundu yonse ya "zinthu zabwino".
• Tapeza mtengo kapena chitsamba chokhala ndi zipatso zoyenera kudya (zipatso, zipatso, ma acorn kapena ma cones), bomba -mapulogalamu limamatira ku nthambi zake, ndikupanga mbewa yowala kwambiri ya polyphonic. Amatha kuyamwa chakudya popachika pansi! "Tizilombo tambiri" tomwe tili pamtengowo, mbalame zambiri zimapachikika.

• Dinani mbalame zovina ndipo amakhala ndi chidwi chabwino, chomwe chimawathandiza kuti azitha kupeza chakudya kuthengo. Kuchokera pagawo la mbewuyo, amakonda mitundu yonse ya mbewu monga chimanga, zipatso zazing'ono zam'mera ndi zipatso zamtchire, zipatso ndi njere za mitengo ndi zitsamba, amakonda kudya makondoni amtundu winawake ngakhale Heather.
• Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timayambitsa protein ya nyama kuvina kwa bomba, ndipo amakonda kudyetsa nsabwe za m'masamba kwa nyama zazing'ono.
• Kusamalira tsogolo la ana awo, mavinidwe apapa amaphunzira moyenera amabisa zisa zawo m'nthaka zazitali koma zowuma ndi mitengo yaying'ono. Kwambiri amakonda khalani m'malo obisalirapo kapena ochepa.

Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndipo mbalame za tapdup zimaswana bwanji?

• Zingawonekere kuvina kwa tap amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku mpaka kungowonjezera zomwe zikuchitika. Koma nthawi yakubzala, zachabe zawo zimachuluka kwambiri!
• Amuna ayamba kusalongosoka kuzungulira gululo, kuyesayesa kukopa chidwi chachikazi, mawanga a rasipibulo mumwambiri wawo amakhala owala kwambiri ndikuwotcha mwachindunji padzuwa.
• Kovina kwa mpopi wachikazi khalani okangalika ndi "kuyankhula", ndikusankha bwenzi lometa.

• M'nyengo yachilimwe, ma tapas awiri amatha kubala ana kamodzi kapena kawiri, ndikupanga chisa m'matchire kapena pamtengo wotsika mawonekedwe ambale yamiyala yomangidwa ndi miyala yopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zotukuka - udzu, masamba a udzu, nthambi, pansi, nthenga ndi ubweya.
• Mwaukhondo chisa chopindika kuchedwa ndi mazira asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri okhala ndi mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira zipolopolo zokhala ndi zojambula zovuta kuzimata. Kubwatula kumatenga mpaka milungu iwiri, pomwe yamphongo imadzipezera chakudya ndi mayi wotsatira.
• Makanda omangidwa Amakhala chisa chawo kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri, pomwe bambo ndi mayi amawasinthira chakudya.
• Ndipo kenako amayamba kupanga ndege zoyesa posaka tizilombo ndi chakudya cham'madzi, ndikusochera kukhala magulu ang'onoang'ono.

• Dinani kuvina kukhala kuthengo mpaka zaka 8, ndipo kunyumba amatha kuchita chikondwerero cha khumi. Komanso, machitidwe a ukalamba samakhudza.

Dansi wakale wapampopi wokhala ndi zaka zosasinthika adatha kupulumuka tsiku lobadwa 12th kwa miyezi iwiri.