Piranha zitha kutanthauza:
- Piranha ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la nyama zomwe zimadyedwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya banja la ma piranha omwe amakhala m'malo otsalira ku South America.
- Piranhas ndi mtundu wina wa nsomba zam'madzi otentha zobiriwira zochokera ku banja la piranha.
- Piranhas ndi banja la nsomba zoyera-zamafuta zochokera kumiyala yamtundu wamchere.
- "Piranha" - chithunzi chimodzi mwazinthu zankhondo zapansi pamadzi a Soviet Navy.
- Piranha (filimu 1978) ndi filimu ya 1978.
- Piranha (filimu 1995) ndi filimu ya 1995.
- Piranha 3D - kanema wa 2010.
- Piranha 3DD - filimu ya 2012.
- Piranhas (albino) - nyimbo yoyamba ya gulu la The Godfather Family.
Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Ndidakumana ndi zinthu zotere: Piranha wakuda ndiye cholengedwa choyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ofufuzawo awerengetsa kuti minofu ya nsagwada yake imakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu zofanana ndi zolemetsa za 30 anthu asodzi a nsomba iyi. Palibe cholengedwa chilichonse chodziwika bwino padziko lapansi chomwe chili ndi talente chotere.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu, ng'ona kapena fisi imaluma kwambiri, koma mukayerekezera kuluma kwawo molingana ndi kukula kwathunthu ndi kulemera, ma piranhas akuda amawasiya kumbuyo: mu chikhalidwe ichi, nsomba zimaposa ngakhale zouluka zokhala ndi mbiri yakale monga wankhanza komanso chinsomba chakale- "Kutafuna."
Tiyeni tiwone zambiri za nsomba'zi.
Mawu oti "piranha" adachokera kwa amwenye a Tupi, amachokera ku mawu oti "pira" (nsomba) ndi "oyambirira" (saw). (malinga ndi mtundu wina, liwu loti "piranha" limabwerekedwa kwa Amwenye aku South America ndipo limatanthawuza "toothyimoni."
) Ndipo podziwa pang'ono za momwe nsomba zimakhalira, mumavomereza mosakayikira kuti adamupatsa dzina.
Piranhas ndi nsomba zochokera ku banja la haracin, lomwe ndi lofanana ndi cyprinids. M'malo awo achilengedwe, ma piranha amakhala m'madzi ambiri aku South America. Mosakayikira, malo odziwika kwambiri a ma piranhas ndi Mtsinje wa Amazon.
Piranha "adalemekeza" machitidwe awo ankhanza kwambiri, ngakhale kuti malinga ndi kuyang'ana koyamba kwa iwo, munthu samamvetsetsa kuti akukumana ndi mdani woopsa. Thupi la piranhas ndilokwera, kukakamizidwa pambuyo pake, mtundu wamtundu umasiyana kuchokera ku siliva-buluu wokhala ndi madontho amdima kupita kumutu wakuda wokhala ndi kunyezimira. M'mapiranhas achichepere, nsonga ya mchira ndi malo omwe thupi limadutsa mchira umadutsana ndi chingwe chakuda. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa akuluakulu kumafika masentimita 30.
Piranhas ali ndi mano otsuka ndi malezala. Mano a ma piranas amapangidwa mwanjira yoti pamene nsagwada imapanikizika, palibe kusiyana pang'ono pakati pawo. Nsagwada za ma piranamu zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri kuti ndikaluma kamodzi munthu wamkulu akhoza kuluma ndodo ndikulimba kwa chala cha munthu.
Masiku ano, piranhas nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka m'mizinda yaokonda. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti m'madzimo, ma piranas amataya mkwiyo wawo, koma osataya mawonekedwe awo owoneka, omwe amawapatsa maso otayika komanso pamphumi. Mu aquarium yokhala ndi piranha yathunthu, mutha kutsitsa dzanja lanu bwinobwino. Koma palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kuchita izi ngati mwaduladula dzanja lanu kapena ngakhale dontho la magazi. M'masisitala am'madzi, ma piranas amakonda kukhala m'malo obisalamo amdima. Piranhas amakhala bwino mu aquarium yomweyi ndi ena oimilira a haracinov.
Modabwitsa, ma piranhas, pokhala amodzi mwa oopsa kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo amachita manyazi mosaneneka! Ndikofunika kuti asunge malo okhala momwe ma piranhas amakhalamo, kutali ndi magwero amkokomo ndi mithunzi, apo ayi ziweto zanu zitha kukhala kuti zatsala pang'ono kukomoka! Chodziwika bwino pakati pa asitikali am'madzi ndichakuti kungodinanso pagalasi kapena poyenda pafupi ndi aquarium ndikokwanira kuti ma piran angakomoke. Komanso, nthawi zambiri amakomoka panthawi ya mayendedwe kuchokera kumalo agula kupita kunyumba yamtsogolo.
Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona mphindi yodyetsa ma piranhas mu aquarium. Yazizira komanso nsomba zokoma (inde, wamva bwino!) Nthawi yomweyo khalani zilombo zolusa ndikuthamangira chakudya. Ndipo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona momwe ma piran adalumphira m'madzi kuti atenge chidutswa cha zinthu zomwe mudataya! Mukamadyetsa ma piranhas, ndikofunikira kuti usaiwale kuti amadya ndendende momwe angafunikire ndipo, mosiyana ndi nsomba zodulira, osasanthula pansi kuti chakudya chatsika.
Piranhas ndi nsomba zomwe zimadzipweteka zokha. Ndikukwanira kusilira nsomba izi kwa mphindi zingapo, kotero kuti muli ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuwabweretsa iwo m'madzi anu!
Abusa omwe amayendetsa ziweto kudutsa mitsinje kumene ma piranas amapezeka akuyenera kupereka imodzi mwazinyama. Ndipo pamene zilombozo zikugwira nyama, pokhapokha kuchokera pamalo ano, gulu lonse limangotengedwa kupita kwina. Nyama zakuthengo sizinali zanzeru kuposa anthu. Kuti adwe madzi kapena awoloke mtsinje, kumene ma piranhas amakhala, amayamba kukopa chidwi cha omwe amadyera ndi phokoso kapena madzi ambiri. Ndipo ma piranas atasinthana ndi phokoso, nyama zomwe zimakhala m'mbali mwa nyanjayo zimapita kumalo otetezeka, zimamwa mwachangu kapena kuwoloka mtsinje.
Kukula kwa piranhas nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti azikangana ndikuwombana. Koma akatswiri ena am'madzi am'madzi, ngakhale zili zonse, amatha kuwononga nsombazi kunyumba.
Piranhas amagwirira chamoyo chilichonse chomwe angathe: nsomba zazikulu, zoweta ndi nyama zakuthengo, anthu. Alligator - ndipo amayesera kuti atuluke.
Chosadabwitsa kuti, ma piran ndi makolo osamala ndipo amathamangitsa aliyense kunyumba kwawo.
Banja la piranha limaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo ya carnivores, komanso mitundu yambiri ya herbivorous. Chofala kwambiri ndicofala kapena, monga chimatchulidwanso kuti, piranha wofiira. Chimakhala chodziwika bwino m'matupi amadzi ku South America, pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kumapezeka ku Amazon, Orinoco ndi La Plata. Itha kupezekanso kumapeto akum'mawa kwa Andes ndi Colombia, kudera lonse la Amazon, ku Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina. Kuchulukana kwa ma piranhas kumapezekanso ku USA ndi Mexico, ku Europe, ku Spain ndi maiko ena kumene anachokera ku ma amariam amataur.
Piranhas nawonso amadzionetsa ngati ziphuphu: amatha kudya piranha ina yomwe yakodwa pa mbedza. Piranhas zazing'ono zimatha kutenga gawo la ndalama kuchokera kwa anansi awo podyetsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndizovuta kwambiri kukumana ndi nsomba zomwe sizinalembe - pafupifupi onse ali mabala ndi mabala.
Palibe mlandu uliwonse womwe umadziwika kuti piranha imadya munthu. Komabe, chaka chilichonse anthu pafupifupi 80 amavutika ndi chilombochi. Mabala omwe adatsalira pambuyo pake mano ake ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo samachira kwathunthu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndikatha kukumana ndi ma piranhas ndiye kansalu kotsalira. Pali zochitika zambiri pamene, chifukwa cha piranhas, munthu adataya mbali yake ina ya thupi - chala, kapena mkono wake wonse kapena mwendo.
M'mayiko ena, adayesetsa kuti awonongeratu zipirazi. Ku Brazil, adayesa kumuwopseza ndi ziphe, koma ma piran ndi olimba. Zotsatira zake, ma piranas sanadzivulaze, ndipo anthu ena okhala m'madzimo adavutika. Koma ndizosatheka kuwononga ma pirananso chifukwa chilengedwe chimawafunikira. Piranhas, ngati mimbulu, ali mndandanda - amapha ofooka, achikulire ndi odwala. Chifukwa chake, amathandizira anthu owazunzidwa. Ndipo ngati simukufuna kudwala ma piranhas, ndiye kuti musalowe m'madzi ngati mukudziwa kuti amapezeka.
Asayansi aku USA, Egypt ndi Brazil kwa nthawi yoyamba anayeza mphamvu yoluma ya piranha yooneka ngati diamondi (Serrasalmus rhombeus) Uyu ndiye woimira wamkulu wamakono wa piranha subfamily. Nsomba zachikulire zimafikira masentimita 40 ndipo zimalemera kuposa kilogalamu.
Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe yatulutsidwa mu magazini yotchedwa Science Science Reports, ofufuza adagwira nsomba 15 ku Amazon kuyambira masentimita 20 mpaka 37 kutalika kwa Amazon ndipo, poyika zala zawozo, adaziseka ndikuyenda nazo. Piranhas adachita nawo zoyesayesa ndikulimbikira chida chomwe chafunsidwa.
Zotsatira zake zinawonetsa kuti kulimba kwa kuluma kwamphamvu kwambiri kunali 320 Newtons. Kumbukirani kuti kwa Newton imodzi amatengedwa mphamvu yofunikira kusuntha thupi lolemera kilogalamu imodzi pa sekondi imodzi.
Pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi, mphamvu yokoka ya 10 Newtons imagwira thupi lolemera kilogalamu imodzi. Chifukwa chake, nsagwada ya nsomba imapanikizika koposa 30 kulemera kwake. Izi zimapangitsa piranha kukhala wothamanga kwathunthu kulumikizana molingana ndi kulemera kwa thupi, onse pakati pa okhalanso masiku ano a dziko lapansi komanso mwa omwe amadya kwambiri.
Asayansi anayerekezera kapangidwe ka mafupa amakono a ma piranhas amakono ndi kholo lawo lalikulu Megapiranha paranensis. Kuwerengetsa kunawonetsa kuti nsomba yoluma ya nsomba iyi, yomwe imatenga kutalika kwa 1.5 metres ndi kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 72, inafika ku 4840 Newtons, yomwe ndi ofanana ndi ma kilogalamu 480.
Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wasonyeza kuti zibwano zikuluzikulu za tyrannosaurus zimangokhala zolimba katatu kokha ngakhale kuti kulemera kwa imodzi mwazokulirapo za Cretaceous kunafika matani khumi.
Ngati tiwonjezeranso nsagwada zamphamvu za piranha ya mano, mano okhala ndi mizu yakuda ndi seva, ngati mpeni wosakira, chithunzi cha cholengedwa chopanda vuto chilichonse chimatuluka. Ofufuzawo akukhulupirira kuti pogwiritsa ntchito zideru zoterezi zimatha kuphwanya zigamba za nkhanu ndikuluma pogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zamakedzana.
Nsagwada za piranha zamankhwala
Ndipo apa mwina ambiri akuimira Piranhas :-)