Wachikazi wokongola kuchokera ku banja la ofera zotheka. Iye ndiye kudzikuza kwa dziko la Russia. Kwanthawi yayitali mpaka pano, okonda zokongola zonse asangalala nazo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zamakampani a ubweya ku Russia.
Chisanachitike Mapeto a Okutobala, nyamayi inali pafupi kuphedwa. Koma atatha, akatswiri azachilengedwe aku Russia adachita zonse zomwe adachita osangosunganso, komanso kuwonjezera, ndikukhalanso malo oyenera m'gawo lonse lozungulira kuchokera ku Urals ndi kumadera a Pacific Ocean. Nyama masauzande angapo za nyama yamtunduwu tsopano zimakhala ku Siberia.
M'mbuyomu, kusaka moyenera kunali ngati bizinesi yopindulitsa kwambiri. Anthu amayenda, kupita ku taiga, kukhetsa mafuta ndi kutumizira ubweya wake wamtengo wapatali kumaiko aku Europe ndi America, komwe amakagulitsa pamtengo wambiri.
Sable idafananizidwa ndikufanana mtengo wagolide. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ku Russia adakwanitsa kupanga nazale kuti ikhale yabwino. Kukonda ufulu chinyama chowoneka bwino kwa nthawi yayitali sakanatha kuzika mizu m'ndende, koma pamapeto pake, akatswiriwo adakwanitsa.
Panali ndalama zochulukirapo zamphamvu ndi mphamvu nyama zazing'onozi zisanayambe kubala zipatso muukapolo. Chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwakutali, zonse, akhunguwo adayamba kuwonekera ndipo sanawonekere ngati sable wamkulu.
Zowoneka ndi malo okhalamo
Ngati mukuyang'ana chithunzi cha nyama yosanja titha kuganiza molakwika kuti iye ndi cholengedwa chokongola, chofooka komanso chosateteza. Kufikira pamlingo wotere, iye ndi nyama yokoma komanso yofatsa. M'malo mwake, magawo olimba ndi olimba, othamanga komanso odala.
Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo kumayambira 38 mpaka 56. Imakhala ndi mchira, womwe nthawi zambiri umafikira masentimita 9 mpaka 17. Kutalika ndi kulemera kwa chikazi ndizocheperako. Matako a amuna ndi akazi ndi osiyanasiyana. Ubweya umakula pamiyendo, chomwe chimadziwika ndi nyama zambiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, sable imakhala yowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso yokongola mwapadera. Kumpoto kwa chilimwe, boma la ubweya limasintha pang'ono, nyamayo imakhala yonyowa ndi ubweya wamadzimadzi. Mtundu wa sable ndi wa bulauni, kuchokera pakuwala mpaka kumdima.
M'madera oyandikira Nyanja ya Baikal, Yakutia ndi Kamchatka nthawi zambiri malo okhala ndi chida chakuda. Uwu ndiye malingaliro okwera mtengo kwambiri. Pa khosi la nyamayo pamakhala malo achikuda omwe amafanana ndi tayi. M'chilimwe, chidutswa ichi chimayamba kuonekera.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, sable amakhala kumadera a Far East, Siberia ndi Eurasia. Korea, Mongolia, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China komanso kumpoto kwa Japan ndi malo omwe mungapezenso nyama yofunikayi.
Zoyala, zopindika, malo otchuka kwambiri. Amakhalabe m'malo ano ndipo samapitirira pamenepo. Madambo otentha, owoneka ngati dothi, okhala ndi zokometsera, mtengo wamkungudza ndi mkungudza womera, ndi malo omwe amakonda.
Malo momwe zimavuta kuti wakunja alowemo, ndi mbewa zazikulu, nthambi ndi miyala, zimakopa munthu wokongola. Mwina mwanjira iyi, malingaliro ake odzitchinjiriza amayambitsidwa, ndipo akufuna kudzitchinjiriza kwa adani ake onse omwe angathe kukhala nawo.
Khalidwe losintha ndi moyo
Zomwe zimapangidwira kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe ake akununkhira komanso kumva. Masomphenya amakhalanso abwino, koma osatinso kamvekedwe kabwino. Izi sizivulaza kusaka nyama, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala akuchita kusaka usiku.
Kuweruza malongosoledwe abwino, ndiwodandaula, wolimba mtima komanso wolimbikitsa. Imatha kuyenda makilomita ambiri patsiku, ndikusangalala kwambiri kuti imakonda kukwera mitengo, komabe, mosiyana ndi kufera ngati iyo, imakonda kuyenda pansi kwambiri kuposa kusunthira pamitengo.
Ma Sabata sakonda malo osintha. Izi ndi nyama zangokhala. Ndi malo okhawo omwe amawakakamiza kuchita izi, mwachitsanzo, moto kapena kusowa chakudya kwathunthu.
Nyama zimapanga mawu osangalatsa komanso osiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kung'ung'udza mofatsa, pangozi yodzigumuka, ndipo pamasewera akukhwima phokoso limakhala ngati mphaka wofatsa.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Kuthengo, nkhalangoyi imamva ngati nsomba yamadzi. Palibe amene ayenera kugona. Ichi ndi nyama yopatsa chidwi komanso yonyansa. Amakonda kudya mbewa, makoswe, zomata, ma mbewa komanso ma chipmunks.
Nthawi ndi nthawi pamiyala amatha kupeza ndi kudya pika, nthawi zina agologolo amabwera. Mimbulu imatha kuvutika ndi chimba chachikulu chachimuna. Komanso nyama izi zimakonda mbalame ndi mazira awo.
Wood grouse, Partridge ndi mpheta zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimatsutsidwa ndi iwo. Ngakhale chikhumbochi sichimamera nthawi zambiri. Kuzindikira kwa mphuno kumathandizira kuti msungwiwo azitha kupeza mosavuta kugona kwake mu dzenje la chipale chofewa ndikuchita phwando.
Pakadali pano, zilembo zakuthambo ndizowoneka mozungulira ndi mapiko akuwolokota, koma kukana kwake kulibe ntchito, mwayi wopulumuka mbalame yosauka ndi wopanda ntchito.
Sable sikukana chakudya chomera. Amakonda kusanja zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi mtedza wa paini. M'nyengo yozizira, amapeza zipatso zomwe zidagwa m'chipale chofewa ndikuzidya mosangalala. Wogulitsa amadya nthawi yosakhalitsa, koma zambiri zamafuta ake zimagwa m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Kwa nyengo yakukhwima, nthawi yachilimwe ndiyabwino kwambiri. Kulimbana kwa utsogoleri ndi kukondera wamkazi kapena mayi wina ndi mawonekedwe anyama.
Yaikazi imabadwa kuyambira masiku 245 mpaka 295. Makanda asanabadwe, ndipo izi zimachitika kawirikawiri mu Epulo-Meyi, mayiyo akukonzekera mabowo mumtengo.
Amakonza dzenje, amaphimba ndi masamba, moss ndi udzu wouma. Mimba imatha ndikubadwa kwa ana awiri kapena atatu okongola. Chosowa kwambiri sichomwe chimachitika pamene asanu ndi awiriwo abadwa.
Mu chithunzi, wachinyamata
Amuna amasamalira ana awo ndi akazi ndipo amakhala nawo ngakhale atabadwa. Ntchito zawo zimaphatikizapo kuteteza malowo kwa adani omwe angakhale nawo, ndi kupeza chakudya kwa ana ndi amayi awo.
Makanda amadya mkaka wa amayi pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Ma Sabata omwe ali ndi zaka ziwiri ali okonzeka kubereka. M'malo abwinobwino, nyamazo zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 18.
Imayenda kunyumba amakhalabe ndi zaka 22. Yoyenda ngati chiweto sizichitika kawirikawiri. Ili ndi ntchito yowonetsetsa komanso yodula. Koma zabwino zake sizoyipa.
Mtengo wa nyama kuyambira 80 mpaka 90 madola pakhungu lililonse. Gulani nyama yabwino Mutha kutero, zonse mu nazale komanso mwa anthu wamba. Ngati mungathe kuthana ndi vutoli mosamala, ikhoza kukhala bizinesi yopambana komanso yokhazikika, ndipo koposa zonse ndikupeza ndalama zambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri masiku athu ano.
Choyimira: Kufotokozera
Sable amatchedwanso "mfumu ya ubweya wamtchire" kapena "golide wofewa" chifukwa cha ubweya wabwino wokwanira komanso wofunika kwambiri. Mpaka pano, asayansi adatha kuzindikira mitundu pafupifupi 17 ya ma swap, omwe ali osiyana ndi wina ndi mzake, onse kukula kwake ndi mtundu wa malaya, komanso mtundu wake. Mtundu wa Burguzinsky amadziwika kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri, pomwe umakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Lake Baikal.
Chosangalatsa kudziwa! M'misasa yomwe ikubwera, nyama zosowa - zimakhala zoyera - zomwe zimayimiranso banja la Kunyi.
Mtundu wa Burguzinsky amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mtundu wakuda wowala wa chikhoto chake, chomwe chimakhalanso chofewa komanso chofiyira. Ma subspecies achikuda kwambiri omwe ali ndi tsitsi loyera komanso lalifupi ayenera kukhala:
- Sakhalin.
- Yenisei.
- Sayan subspecies.
Ma Yakut sables alibe ubweya wamtengo wapatali, monga mtundu wa Kamchatka.
Mawonekedwe
Akuluakulu amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi theka la mita, masikweya 0.7 mpaka 1.8, komanso ndi mchira wa kutalika pafupifupi 20 sentimita. Dziwani kuti amuna ndi olemera kuposa akazi.
Mitundu yayitali ya nyama izi ndi zosiyana siyana ndipo ili ndi mayina awo, monga:
- "Mutu", monga wakuda kwambiri, wofanana ndi wakuda.
- "Fur", yomwe imadziwika ndi mtundu wopepuka, woyimira mchenga wachikasu kapena maaso achikasu achikaso.
Mphindi yosangalatsa! Mitundu yayikulu imadalira mitundu yonse ya nyama ndi malo okhala.
Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti pali mitundu yapakatikati, kuphatikiza ya "navy", yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa mithunzi ya bulauni, yomwe ndi Mzere wakuda womwe umayenda kumbuyo kumbuyo ngati lamba. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zotere zimakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino, ndipo malo opepuka amaikidwa pamalo a mmero. Chidyamakoko chimakhala ndi chowongoka, chowoneka ngati mphuno, makutu atatu komanso mbali zazing'ono. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, koma wokutidwa ndi ubweya wofewa komanso wosalala. M'nthawi yozizira, tsitsi limakulanso kumapazi, kuphimba mapepala, komanso zipere. Sables molt kamodzi pachaka.
Zochita ndi moyo
Izi zimagawidwa pafupifupi mu msasa wonse waku Siberia, ngakhale zili zolimba kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo nyama zodetsa nkhawa, ngakhale zili zazing'ono. Nyamayi imakonda kukhala padziko lapansi, ikusankha malo okhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri yomwe ili ndi miyala yayikulu komanso miyala yozikika. Nthawi zambiri nyamayi imatha kuwoneka paz korona zamitengo. Kusuntha kwa predator amadziwika kuti akulumpha, ndipo kutalika kwa kudumpha kumeneku kumakhala pafupifupi theka la mita. Ubweya wa nyama izi umanyowa mwachangu, kotero kuti masupa amapewa madzi.
Ma Sabata amatha kutsimikizika ndi mtundu wamtundu wamanzere, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi wophatikizidwa ndi kukula kuchokera 5x7 mpaka 6x10 sentimita. Nyamayi imangokwera mitengo iliyonse, komanso imamva bwino komanso fungo. Ponena masomphenyawa, sikakonzedwa kwambiri, monganso momwe mawu amawu amathandizira, omwe amatikumbutsa kwambiri za mphaka. Nyama izi mosavuta komanso mwachangu zimasuntha chofunda cha chipale chofewa chilichonse. Nyama imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Chochititsa chidwi! Chisa cha sable chikakhala pansi, nthawi yozizira nyamayo imakumba timiyala tambiri m'chipale chofewa kuti tiwone kulowa ndi kutuluka mwaulere.
Pakupuma, nyama yolusa imagwiritsa ntchito malo okhala, omwe amapeza pansi pa mitengo yakugwa, m'maenje a mitengo osakhala apamwamba pamtunda, komanso pansi pa miyala yayikulu. Malo opumuliramo ali ndi zida zambiri, motero pansi pake pali zinthu zouma monga masamba, masamba, udzu, nthenga, ndi zina. Ngati nyengo ili yoipa, ndiye kuti sable imayesa kuti isachoke m'malo mwake, ikusunga kutentha mkati mwake madigiri 15-23. Pafupi ndi chisa, nyamayo imadzipangira chimbudzi. Zaka zingapo zilizonse, sable imayamba kufunafuna malo atsopano a chisa.
Zochuluka motani?
Pokhala m'chilengedwe, nyama zodyerazi zimatha kukhala pafupifupi zaka 7 ndi theka. Mawuwa amatengera zinthu zambiri zoyipa, monga kupezeka kwa matenda ambiri opha, komanso olimbana ndi ambiri omwe amasaka nyama zamisala. Muukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo wa mdaniyu chikuwonjezeka ka 2.
Chiyambidwe chowonekera ndi kufotokoza
Zomwe zimapezeka posaka kukula kwa mitunduyi ndizochepa. Ku Miocene, mtundu umapezeka, womwe uli woyenera. Panthawiyo, nyama zodyerazi zinkakhala m'malo akulu kumadzulo komanso kumwera kwa Europe, South-West ndi Central Asia, ku North America.
Mitundu yapafupi ndi yamakono ili ku Pliocene. Zotsalazo zidapezeka ku Late Pleistocene ku Urals, Altai, Cisbaikalia, kupita ku Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin. Zinthu zakale zimasungidwa m'chipinda cha Upper Pleistocene chomwe chili kumapeto kwa Eastern Sayans komanso chigwa cha mtsinje. Hangars. Mu nyengo yapamwamba, chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa biocenoses yatsopano, mustine idasiyanitsidwa. Nthawi imeneyo, sable adapeza mawonekedwe omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya banja ili.
Malo okhala nyama
Sable ikhoza kupezeka kuchokera ku mapiri a Ural kupita ku Pacific Ocean. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Far East ndi Siberia yonse ya Russia.
Sable ikhoza kupezeka m'maiko ena:
- Korea
- Mongolia.
- Kumpoto China
- Japan (Hokkaido Island).
Kusodza kwambiri kwadzetsa magawo ochepa. Sable ili ndi gawo lochepera thekapomwe zidagawidwa m'zaka zapitazi.
Nyama imakhala ku coniferous taiga. Kwambiri amakonda fir, mkungudza, spruce. Mu taiga iyi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo ambiri okhala ndi mabango, okhala ndi ma windfalls, onyowa.
Sable akhoza kukhalabe ndi moyo:
- Kuli m'nkhalango zowuma pa mapiri a East Siberian.
- Mwa kurum, ngati amakhala kumapiri moyandikana ndi taiga.
Kurum ndi malo okhala ndi miyala.
Kodi ma sable amadya chiyani?
Sable ndi nyama yolusa. Amakonda kudya:
- makoswe ngati mbewa
- chipmunks
- timadontho
- nsapato
- mbalame (mpheta, magawo, grouse zakuda).
Nyama zimatha kudya mapuloteni. Amuna achikulire amakonda kudya ma hares.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa momwe msingawo amasaka nyama.
Kutengera nyengo nyama yanyama yayikulu ikhoza kukhala chakudya cha nyama iyi. M'chilimwe, nthawi zambiri amadikirira kuti awononge nsomba, ngati amakhala pafupi ndi mtsinje waukulu.
Kuchokera pakuphatikiza nyama, nyama iyi imakonda:
- paini mtedza
- lingonberry ndi zipatso phulusa zamapiri,
- uchi uchi wa njuchi ndi njira yapadera.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti samakonda kuti asatole mtedza yekha, koma amangoba ndalama zomwe amapangira ma voles, agologolo, mtedza wa paini ndi ma chipmunks.
Adani achilengedwe a sable
Nyama ndi mbalame sizisaka nyamayi kuti idye. Koma ermine ndi mizati zimapangitsa mpikisano wovuta pakusaka. Nawonso nyama pa makoswe ngati mbewa. Akakumana ndi m'modzi mwa adani ake, ming'oma imatha kusiya nyama yawo kuti iwononge mdani wake akafuna kudya.
Nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo zimaphatikizanso okalamba omwe asakuyenda mwachangu komanso kuthamanga, komanso nyama zazing'ono. Amatha kupita ku chinyama chilichonse cholusa, chomwe ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Komanso ma sables amatha kuukira uchi ndi kadzidzi kuchokera kumlengalenga. Padziko lapansi, akuwopsezedwa ndi lynxes ndi zimbalangondo. Koma mdani wamkulu wa nyama ndi munthu. Amawononga nyamayi chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola komanso wodula.
Khalidwe la nyama yakutchire
Nyama imatha kusaka nthawi iliyonse masana. Amakonda kuyendayenda padziko lapansi. Amakwera kawirikawiri pamitengo, ndipo amalumphira m'madzi ndi kutsina. Patsiku amatha kuthamanga pafupifupi 3 km. Kutalika kwa kuthamanga ndikutali nthawi yozizira. Pofufuza chakudya, ayenera kukhala ndi moyo wosamukasamuka. M'nyengo yotentha, amachepetsa kuthamanga kwake, chifukwa pali mwayi wopuntha nyama yakufa.
Zotsatira za chilombo mu chisanu zikuwonekera bwino pachithunzichi.
Amakwanitsa kudzigawa gawo lomwe limasakira kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira pamenepo, ndiye Nyamayo imadzipangira dzenje ndi kupondaponda mayendedwe ake kuchokera kumalo okasaka. Pafupifupi nyama zazikulu zophedwa iye amangapo zingwe zosakhalitsa, ndikuchepetsa kuzungulira kwake kuchokera kumkono kupita kumalo odyetsa.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama yamtchire imatha kuyenda pansi pa chisanu. Mwina asadzafike pakatikati pa sabata, atagona matanthwe m'chipale chofewa.
Nyama imatha kukonzera zisa zake m'maenje ndi pansi pa mitengo yayikulu, m'miyala.
Njira zosaka zosaka
Alenje amasaka msampha wa chilombo ichi, koma amatha kusaka ndi agalu. Agalu amangoyendetsa chilombo pamtengo, kumene mlenje amamuwombera. Koma Chilombochi chikabisala mumiyala, sizingatheke kuyipeza. Kenako maukondewo amaikidwa ndipo nyamayo imathamangitsidwa ndi kafukufuku.
Kutentha Kukhazikika komanso Kubwezeretsa Mphamvu
Nyamayi ndiyosavuta kutulutsa. Zofanana kwambiri ndi mphaka mukazisunga kunyumba. Posachedwa kuzolowera banja. Paukapolo, chirombo chimatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 18.. Kusamalira nyama zachilengedwe, zimagawidwa m malo osungirako nyama ndi malo okhala m'nkhalango. Kusodza nyama m'malo amenewa nkoletsedwa kwakanthawi.
Kuti mudziwe malo omasulidwayo, kukhalapo kwa chakudya, malo okhala malo okhala, malo okhala, adani olimbana ndi adani komanso nyama.
Kulera mndende
Ndikosavuta kubereka ana amasuko mu ukapolo. Ili Nyamayo imayenda kwambiri, ndipo amafunika gawo lalikulu lamoyo wonse. Zingwezo zizikhala ndi boti yodalirika, mazenera ayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi mauna achitsulo. Chilombochi ndichachikulu kwambiri ndipo malo otetezeka amatsegulidwa popanda zovuta.
Kuti mukhale ndi malo abwino okhala, mutha kuyika zoseweretsa pulasitiki mu chikole, nyama imakonda kusewera. Mukamaweta mu ndege, yaikazi ikadzala imawonetsa kuchitira nkhaza amuna, nyamazo zimakhala pansi.
Kanema: Yoyesedwa
M'mbiri yakale, malo amenewa adafalikira kuchokera ku Finland yamakono kupita ku Pacific Ocean. Pakati pa Pleistocene ndi Holocene, nyengo yachisanu itatuluka ndikuwoneka nkhalango, chilombo chija chidachoka kudera lamalire ndi madera ozizira ndikukhazikika m'malo abwino. Zaka 20,000 zapitazo, mdani wina adapezeka ku Urals, koma sanafike nthawi yayitali (zaka 8-11 zapitazo).
Mafupa a nyama omwe amapezeka ku Altai ali ndi zaka zoposa 100,000. Ku Zauralie ndi Siberia, palibe zotsalira zomwe zidapezeka zaka zoposa 20, ngakhale izi sizitanthauza kuti zolengedwa sizinapezeke kale. Pachitukuko cha chisinthiko cha banja la ofera, kusiyanako kudakhazikitsidwa pakusiyana kosinthana ndi malo okhala, chakudya ndi njira yosaka.
Chinyama chowoneka bwino. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, njira ndi malo okhala
Nyama zodabwitsa kuchokera kubanja la marten zidakhala golide wofewa wa Russia. Kukongola kwa ubweya wa nyama kunakhala mavuto ake. Pazogulitsa zonse za ubweya, zikopa zimagulitsidwa pansi pa nyundo mpaka mpaka madola chikwi chimodzi. Chifukwa chake chokwanira - nyama adalemba Buku lofiira.
Malo okongola amawonetsedwa m'manja a mizinda ya Siberia, komanso m'manja mwa zigawo za Novosibirsk, Tyumen ndi Sverdlovsk. |
Kodi maselamu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chosungika mu chisanu
Nyama yaubweya imapezeka ku Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Japan ndi North Korea. Amakhala m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino za Siberia komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa, amadutsa mapiri a Ural kumadzulo. Gawoli lili m'mapiri a Altai ndi mapiri akumadzulo a Sayan. Malire akumwera afika 55 ° ku Western Siberia, mpaka 42 ° kum'mawa kwa Siberia.
Dera limafalikira kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Korea Peninsula ndi Hokkaido, nyama yolusa imapezeka ku Sakhalin. Ku Mongolia, imagawidwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo, mozungulira Nyanja. Hubugul. Ku Transbaikalia, komwe kuli nyengo yozizira kwambiri kwampweya, nyama zofunikira kwambiri zamtchire zimakhala m'nkhalango. Kummawa wa Kazakhstan, mumakhala mitsinje ya Uba ndi Bukhtarma. Ku China, kuli kumpoto kumapiri a Southern Altai, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo - m'chigawo cha Heilongjiang, komanso kumapiri a Phiri la Changbai. Malo omwe nyama zodyeramo nkhalangoyi ndi mdera lamamiliyoni 5 m2.
Woimira banja la a Kunih amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango za mkungudza, m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri, pomwe pali phala la mkungudza. Apa ndipamene pali makoswe ambiri omwe amakopeka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya - mtedza wa paini. Munthu wooneka bwino amatha kukhala m'mapiri komanso kumapiri, komwe amakonda kuthyolako mphepo ndikugwa. Nyamayi imakhala, koma imakhala yochepa kwambiri m'nkhalango zazing'ono zazikazi komanso za paini, pamayendedwe ndi kuwotchedwa, komanso m'malo otentha. Pa Peninsula ya Kamchatka, imakhazikika m'miyala yamiyala ya miyala, m'nkhalango zowirira ndi mkungudza. M'mapiri amatha kukwera mpaka m'nkhalango za m'nkhalango zing'onozing'ono.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Zinyama zimatayidwa
Nyamayi ndi yokalamba komanso yamphamvu, yotopa, yokhala ndi makutu abwino komanso luso lotha kusaka bwino. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti agule nyama, kuzindikiritsa chinthucho ndi fungo komanso dzimbiri. Chilombochi chimagwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse masana kapena usiku, zonse zimatengera nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya. Mu chisanu, sichitha kutuluka m'nyumba masiku angapo.
Sable ndi cholowera pamtunda, ngakhale chimatha kukwera mosavuta mumtengo, koma sichitha kudumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi. Imayenda bwino pamtunda wa chipale chofewa ndipo imatha kuthawa kuti isangothamangitsa, koma imangokhala pamtunda, ndipo imakonda kukhala m'malo obisalirako m'malo mongotsatira. Munthu wokongola m'nkhalango amasuntha kudumphadumphana kwa 40-70 cm, koma atachoka kutali ndi kuthamangitsidwa, amatha kuwonjezera kutalika kwawo mpaka 3-4 m.
Nyamayi imakhala ndi malo mpaka 4 km 302, ndipo ilinso ndi magawo angapo osakhalitsa komanso malo osakira. Kukula kwa tsamba ndi ntchito zimatengera zaka, jenda, nyengo ndi nyengo, kuchuluka kwa anthu, kupezeka kwa chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, amayenda pafupifupi 9 km pa tsiku.
Kutsata njira yokhazikika, makulidwe sachoka pagombelo, osapitilira 30 km kuchokera kumalo osungira chizindikiro. Anthu akuluakulu amatha kutenga mtunda wautali mpaka makilomita 150, zomwe zimatenga miyezi yambiri kuti zithe. Sakonda kukondera yekha, koma akufuna malo oyenera kubadwira ndi kulera ana, komanso nthawi yozizira.
Nyumbayo ili ndi udzu wouma, ubweya, nyemba, nthenga, pothawira:
- pansi pa mitengo yakugwa
- Zopumira
- pamtengo wakufa,
- osema miyala
- m'maenje omwe amakhala pansi pamwamba pa nthaka.
Pakanthawi, kuthawa osathamangitsa, amathawira m'miyala yamiyala, m'miyala, m'makona a mitengo kapena m'ming'alu yobisika. M'nyengo yozizira, maribedi pansi pa chisanu. Nyama imawonetsedwa kawiri pachaka: kumapeto kwa chaka, kuyamba kumayambira mu Marichi, ndipo kutha kumakhala mu Meyi, nthawi yophukira nthawi imeneyi imayamba kuyambira mwezi wa Ogasiti mpaka Novembala.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Sable ndi wosungulumwa mwachilengedwe, ali ndi mitala. Zimagwiritsa ntchito zotulutsa zonunkhira zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa pamimba polemba malowa. Mpikisano umayamba mu Julayi ndipo umatha mu Ogasiti. Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku 245 mpaka 297. Kuchokera panthawiyi, miyezi isanu ndi iwiri imagwera gawo lam'mimba, pomwe mazira samakula. Kutenga kwaubwino kumeneku kumachitika mwachilengedwe kuti ana awoneke nthawi yabwino.
Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala obadwa mu Epulo, ndipo amakhala ndi khungu lotuwa. Pakhoza kukhala ana awiri kapena asanu ndi limodzi pa zinyalala zilizonse. Kutalika kwa thupilo ndi 11-12 cm, masekeli 25-30 g. Amayamba kumva patsiku la 22, ndipo pofika mwezi, amadzawoneka, pofika tsiku la 38 ali ndi incisors. Pa miyezi 3-4, mano aana amasintha kuti akhale okhazikika. Pofika miyezi 1.5-2. Ana ayamba kuchoka chisa, nthawi yomweyo amasiya kudya mkaka wa amayi ndi kulemera pafupifupi 600 g, ndipo pofika Seputembala amafikira kukula kwa akulu ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Kutha kubereka moonekera kumawonekera ali ndi zaka ziwiri.
Nyama pa nthawi ya kukonzekera ndi chibwenzi zimapanga mawu ofanana ndi meow, komanso kubuula larynx. Akakhala okondwa kapena osakhutira, amapuntha, ndikuwawopsa, amalankhula mokweza. Kutalika kwa moyo wa chilombo m'chilengedwe ndi zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zitatu, mu ukapolo, pafupifupi, zaka 15-16, koma pakhala zolembedwa zomwe anthu omwe anapulumuka mpaka zaka 18-20, ndipo akazi amabala ana zaka 13 mpaka 14. Nyamayi imalumikizidwa mosiyanasiyana, imadya kapena kudya nyama) Zinyama 36, mbalame 220, mitundu 21 yazomera.
Adani achilengedwe amisala
Chithunzi: Zinyama Zoyenda
Mlenje wathu wachinyengo nthawi zambiri amakhala wogwidwa ndi adani akuluakulu.
Izi ndi mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya zinyama:
Mwa mbalamezo, mitundu isanu ndi itatu imagwiranso nyama zing'onozing'ono:
- chiwombankhanga choyera
- chiwombankhanga chagolide
- khwangwala
- goshawk,
- Sparrowhawk,
- kadzidzi
- hawk owl.
Zomwe zimatha kufa sizingafe ndi mano a zilombo zokha, komanso chifukwa chosowa chakudya, pakakhala mpikisano wowopsa. Amachita ndewu yotereyi malo okhala ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi mitundu 28 ya zinyama ndi mitundu 27 ya mbalame. Mmodzi mwa adani akuluakulu omwe pafupifupi adaononga mtundu wamtunduwu ndi munthu. M'zaka za XVII, Kamodzals anasinthana ndi Cossacks, ndikutukuka kumalire a Russia: zikopa zisanu ndi zitatu zinapatsa mpeni umodzi, ndipo 18 ndi nkhwangwa, osaganizira kuti ubweyawu ndi wofunika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Zithunzi Zosalala
Ubweya wowoneka bwino nthawi zonse umakhala wamtengo wapatali ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndalama. Kuchotsa kwakukulu kwa nyama yodzala ndi ubweya kunayamba m'zaka za zana la 15 - 16, pamene ubale wamayiko aku Russia udayamba kukula. Nzika zakomwepo ubweya usanakhale ndalama, zimasakidwa pang'ono chinyama ichi. Ngati agwera mumsampha, ndiye kuti ma mittens ndi zipewa zimasoka ku ubweya ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati chokongoletsera.
M'zaka za zana la XVIII. ku Europe ku Russia, machitidwe ake abwino atha chifukwa cha kufafaniza. Kupitilira pa Urals, ku Siberia, malo okhala adachepa, ndikugawikana padera. Wosaka m'modzi nthawi imeneyo nthawi yamkaka amatha kupeza zikopa za 100-150. Kuletsa pang'ono komwe kunachitika kale panthawiyo kunali kovuta kugwirira ntchito komanso kusawongolera kwenikweni. Kuletsedwa kwathunthu mu 1913-16. olamulira nawonso sanachite bwino. Pofika zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, nyamayo inali itatsala pang'ono kutha. Anthu ambiri anakhalabe kumadera osowa, ndipo ngakhale panthawiyo chifukwa chosagawika. Mu 1935, kuletsa kusaka kwathunthu kunayambitsidwa. M'mafayilo, migodi yololedwa idaloledwa.
Chofunika kwambiri pakuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu chinali kupangidwa kwa zinthu monga:
- Barguzinsky,
- Kronotsky,
- Kondo-Sosvinsky,
- Altai,
- Pechora-Ilychsky,
- Sikhote-Alin,
- Sayan.
Njira zachitetezo zomwe zidaloledwa kubwezeretsa pang'onopang'ono m'maderawa, kuchokera pamenepo nyama zimakhazikika m'malo oyandikana nawo. Kubwezeretsanso kudachita mbali yabwino, nyamayo idamasulidwa kupita kumalo komwe inkapezeka, koma idawonongedwa kwathunthu. Pakadali pano, kusaka kotseguka kumatsegulidwa. Udindo wapadziko lonse lapansi - amatanthauza mitundu ya zinthu zomwe sizingade nkhawa kwambiri.
Podzafika mu 2013, mu zachilengedwe mu Russian Federation mudali nyama 1346300, ngakhale mu 2009 mudali nyama 1481900. Kutsika pang'ono kudachitika chifukwa kuwerengera kwa ziwerengero mpaka 2010 kudachitika nthawi yokolola isanachitike, poganizira kukula kwachaka, komanso zaka zotsatila, kwa omwe adzakolole. Kuchulukitsa kwa ziweto pachaka ndi 40-60%, panthawi imeneyi pafupifupi theka limakhala ndi ana a chaka. Koma kupulumuka kwawo sikokwanira kwambiri, chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri, ambiri aiwo sapulumuka nthawi yozizira.
Zoyenera - kunyada kwa Russia, ndikofunikira kusamalira kuti malo azikhala mwanjira yake yoyambirira. Sitiyeneranso kulolera kuwonjezeka kosasamala kwa chinyama chodabwala ichi. M'madera omwe chiwerengero chake ndi chaching'ono, ndikofunikira kuletsa kusaka, kuyang'anira kupereka chilolezo, ndikupatsa asodzi ena ziwembu.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupilo kumafika mpaka masentimita 56, mchirawo ndi mpaka 20 cm.
Mtundu wa zikopa umakhala wosiyanasiyana, ndipo mitundu yake imakhala ndi mayina apadera. “Mutu” ndiye wakuda kwambiri (pafupifupi wakuda). "Fur" - mtundu wake ndi wopepuka kwambiri, wachikasu wachikasu kapena fawn. Mitundu yapakatikati: "kolala" - yofiirira yokhala ndi lamba wakuda kumbuyo, mbali zopepuka komanso malo owala kwambiri pakhosi.
Mawu
Nthawi zina amapereka mawu. Monga martens, imalira pakakhala mantha komanso kukwiya, ndipo imangofuula pomenyana ndi mdani. Pakusangalala, imangokhalira kukweza mawu, kukumbukira kukuwa. Masewera a mating amaphatikizidwa ndi kudula, ndikubwereza mwachangu mawu amtundu wamatenda komanso grung.
Kugawa
Pakadali pano, sable imapezeka kudera lonse la Russia kuyambira ku Urals kupita kugombe la Pacific kupita kumpoto mpaka kumalire a mitengo yamitengo. Amakonda taires yofunda yamtundu wakuda, makamaka ngati kedrachi. Zimapezekanso ku Japan, pachilumba cha Hokkaido. Kummawa kwa Urals, wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi marten, wotchedwa kidus, nthawi zina amapezeka.
Mpaka zaka za zana la 17, sable idapezekanso ku Finland, ndipo mpaka zaka za zana la 19, ku Karelia, mayiko a Baltic ndi Western Poland.
Kuchulukitsa
Ponseponse, gululi lili ndi masamba 17 omwe amasiyana kukula ndi mtundu. Nayi ena a iwo:
- Martes zibellina zibellina - Nkhani ya Tobolsk
- Martes zibellina princeps - Barguzinsky sable. Izi zofunikira ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda ndi ubweya wofewa komanso wowoneka bwino.
- Martes zibellina sahalinensis - Sakhalin sable
- Martes zibellina yenisejensis - Yenisei sable
- Martes zibellina sajanensis - Sayan sable
- Martes zibellina jakutensis - Yakut
- Martes zibellina kamtshadalica - Kamchatka sable
- Martes zibellina tomensis - Kuznetsk sable
- Martes zibellina averini - Sayan sable
- Martes zibellina vitimensis - Vitimsky sable
- Martes zibellina arsenjevi - Ussuri sable
- Martes zibellina obscura - chikoysky sable
- Martes zibellina brachyura - Kuril sable, ali pangozi
Kusodza ndi malonda aku Russia ku dera la Mangazeysk (XVII century)
M'zaka za m'ma 1600, ku Western Siberia, anthu aku Russia adakhazikitsa mzinda wa Mangazeya, pomwe ubweya wopangidwa ndi osaka umasambira. Sable inali yofunika kwambiri yamalonda yakunja ku Moscow. Ma furaya odziwika "ochokera ku Muscovy", chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwambiri komanso kufunikira kwakukulu ku Western Europe, adapanga maziko a bajeti ya Moscow Grand Duchy, kenako boma la Russia. Mangazeya yekha ankapereka zikopa zikwizikwi 85 zamafuta apamwamba kwambiri pachaka kuchokera ku Siberia yaku Western. Kusodza kunachitika popanda lamulo lililonse ndipo zaka zopitilira 70 zinapangitsa kutsika kwa magawo m'derali.
Zojambula m'zaka za zana la 20
Chiwerengero chonse cha yophukira mu 1973 chinali pafupifupi mazana awiri, ndipo malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa chaka cha 1961-296. Pofika zaka za m'ma 30 za zana la 20, sable inali itangotsala pang'ono kufalikira konse mu Krasnoyarsk Territory ndipo idatsalira pano ochepa m'malo ochepa. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha njira zodzitetezera, chiwerengerochi chidabwezeretsedwa pamlingo woyambirira, womwe unali m'zaka za XVII. Mu 1961-1963, kuchuluka kwa ma sabro m'chigawo kudafika kwakukulu. Kenako, chifukwa chogwirira nsomba m'malo ambiri, masheya olimba adayamba kuchepa, ndipo mkhalidwe udapangidwa womwe udawopseza chitukuko chokhazikika cha chuma chosaka, chomwe sichinakonzedwe mpaka pano. Chiyerekezo chotsatira chakuyerekeza kwa kuchuluka kwa mapikisidwe adatengedwa: ambiri - ma boti oposa 25 pa 100 km², sing'anga - 12-25, ochepa - osakwana 12, osowa - amodzi. Nthawi zina gradation imawonekera - yochulukirapo - yoposa 50, koma ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kotheka, monga lamulo, amakhala m'malo ena okha, osati malo akulu.
Malo omwe zinthu zofunikira m'derali zikuyendera motere (Numerov, 1958, 1973, Lineytsev ndi Melnikov, 1971, etc.):
Okhazikika amakhala kumapiri a Sayan ndi Kuznetsk Alatau okhala ndi anthu ambiri m'derali. Pafupifupi, pali malo "ambiri" osakanizidwa kulikonse, komanso "ochulukirapo" m'malo ambiri m'nkhalango za mkungudza. Kuchulukana kwa anthu m'nkhalango za pine za udzu ndi mbewa kumafikira 150 komanso 200 pa 100 km². Izi ndizizindikiro zazitali za dziko. Pambuyo pa 1964, manambala ndi kupanga kuno ziyamba kutsika chifukwa chakuwonjeza. Kukolola kwakukulu kwa zikopa kwa 1960-1970. anakwana 18,000, ndipo mu 1973-1974. idatsika mpaka kukhala 5.1 miliyoni. Mugawo lachisanu la chigawocho, malo omwe amagulitsidwako amakhala osakhazikika, ndipo m'chigawo chonse chiwerengerocho ndi theka la malo.
Dera lokhala ndi anthu ambiri lili ndi zigawo zazikuluzikulu za m'nkhalango komanso chigwa cha Chulym. Kuno, m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, zilumba za taiga, komanso m'malo otentha, nthawi zina mitundu yambiri inali yambiri. Kwakukulu, kumayambiriro kwa 60s chiwerengero chawo chinali 20-25,000, ndipo kukolola kwakukulu kwa zikopa kunafika pa 8.5 miliyoni. Chifukwa chakuwedza kosachedwa ndi gulu lalikulu la asaka amateur m'malo ambiri, malo ogulitsawo adachotsedwa. Chiwerengero chake chonse sichidapitilira 4-6,000, komanso kukonza zikopa mu 1973-1974. zidakwana 1 000 zidutswa zokha.
Ku taiga yakumwera, yomwe imaphatikizapo dera la Angara komanso dera lonse la Yenisei, pali "zochuluka" zamasamba omwe ali ndi madera amdima, pakuwala kwawerengera kuchuluka kwake ndi "pafupifupi". Apa, kuyambira mu 1968, kuchepa kwakukulu kukolola kumayambikanso, kenako kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nyama chifukwa chakuwonjeza. M'maboma anayi a Angarsk, kukolola kuchokera kumtunda wambiri mpaka 10,000,5 kutsika mpaka 4,5. Mu taiga yapakati, pali "mapangidwe" ambiri kumadera ena okhala ndi malo amdima (gawo la Baikitsky, Yenisei taiga m'chigawo cha Turukhansky). M'mayiko otsala manambala ndi "pafupifupi", ndipo m'malo akulu "ang'ono".
Munthawi ya kumpoto kwa taiga, manambala amakhala "apakati" komanso "ochepa". Pakati ndi kumpoto kwa taiga kokha ku Evenkia kulibe nsomba zochulukirapo (kutukula kwa nthaka pofika 80%), ndipo kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe kumayandikira kukula kwa chiwonjezeko, ndiko kuti, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwabwinoko. Ku Turukhansk Territory, kupangidwanso kumakhala koyenera, koma kuwedza kwambiri kumawonedwa kale m'malo omwe ali ndi Yenisei ndi Bakhta. Mabillets adachepa, koma osati kwambiri ngati kumwera: ku Evenkia - kuchokera zikopa 26 mpaka 22,000. Kudera lakutali kwambiri kumpoto, malo osungirako sapezeka kulikonse, kupatula malo ena omata, koma malo omwe ali ndi zigawo zabwino za m'misamba sangakhalepo. Ma sables amodzi amakhalanso mu nkhalango-tundra: pa Yenisei kupita ku Potapov ndi Nikolsky, kum'mawa kupita ku Kotuykan pamtsinje. Kotui ndi r. Fomich, kazembe wa Parrot.
Zotsatira zake, kum'mwera kwa dera lomwe kuli madera abwino kwambiri zinthu zofunikira pakulima kosakwanira sizikuyenda bwino. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuchepa. Billets idagwa kwambiri chifukwa chakutopa kwakukulu kwa zikopa ku "msika wakuda", komanso chifukwa chakuchotsa mapasa. Njira yamavuto imayamba. Pankhani yovutayo "lumo" amapezeka: zikopa zikapita kumbali, zimakhala zovuta pakukwaniritsa ntchito zomwe zapezeka m'mafamu, ndipo kulimba kwa asodzi kumakulirakulira.
Posachedwa titha kuyembekezera kuchepa kwachuma ku zigawo zakumpoto komanso kuchepa kwa mabizinesi ambiri. Njira zothanirana ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse kupanga, makamaka kuteteza kutsekemera kwa zikopa, ndiye kuti, kuthana ndi kuba.
Chisanu chakuya chisati chikugwe, mapenga amasakidwa ndi mankhusu. Pambuyo pake adasinthana ndi ndege, makamaka misampha, zina pussi. Nthawi zambiri nsabwe zimakonda kusaka mahatchi pamahatchi. Obmet amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Kukolola mwachisawawa kwausodzi m'minda yabwino ndi masapu 40-50. Ena osaka ena amalandila 70-80 komanso ma saputa a 100-140.
Chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola, wolimba komanso wodula, sugu amatchedwa mfumu ya ubweya wakuthengo - "golide wofewa". Likakhala lakuda kwambiri, khungu limakhala lofunika kwambiri. Barguzinsky sable, yemwe amakhala m'nkhalango za Baikal, ndiye wakuda kwambiri kuposa onse omwe amapezeka ku Siberia motero amayamikiridwa kwambiri pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi a fur. Wofufuza wamkulu kwambiri wa mtundu wa Barguzinsky sable ndi wasayansi waku Russia E. M. Chernikin.
Mitundu yofunikira kwambiri yosaka m'derali ndichikhalidwe cha kusaka kwachuma kwa dera la taiga. The Krasnoyarsk Territory imakhala pafupifupi 33% ya Russia-yonse yopanga ma sables ndipo ili pamalo oyamba pankhaniyi. Sable imapezeka ku Russia kokha, komanso m'maiko oyandikana: North Korea, Mongolia ndi China. Russia itasiya kulamulidwa ndi boma pantchito yokolola ubweya kuyambira 1997, ntchito zamigodi ndi kukolola, nthawi zambiri, zidapitilira m'manja mwa anthu wamba.
Zochitika pakalipano pamsika wogulitsa.
Sable imapangidwa malinga ndi malire opanga, omwe amavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russia.
Kuyerekeza kwa kuchuluka kwa zikopa zovekedwa pamsika wa ubweya wa St. Petersburg wokhala ndi malire pazomwe zimapangidwira zikuwonetsa kusiyana kwawo. Kuyambira 2000, kuchuluka kwa zikopa zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwadutsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mapasa omwe amaloledwa kusaka. Kusiyana kumeneku kukukulira chaka ndi chaka, ndipo mu 2013 kuchuluka kwakukulu pamalonda kunali 193 peresenti. Kusiyana pakati pa malonda ndi kupanga wamba kunali kokulirapo ndipo mu 2013 kunali 323 peresenti. Pambuyo pa izi, chifukwa chakusintha kwa msika wa furs, panali kutsika kowoneka bwino pamitengo ya zikopa zonse ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda. Komabe, mchaka cha 2017, kuchuluka kwa malonda kwakuthupi kudakulanso, zomwe mwina zitha chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa malonda a Baikal apadziko lonse ku Irkutsk. Mu 2017, kugulitsa kupitilira muyeso wopanga ndi nthawi 1.5, ndipo voliyumu yolengezedwayo - nthawi 2.15.
Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, malire okhazikitsidwa, kulengeza ndikupanga ndi kuchuluka kwa chindapusa pochotsa kumbuyo kwa malonda a zikopa zolimba pa msika wa ubweya wa St. Petersburg (2011-2017)
chaka | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
Kuchulukitsa (anthu chikwi) | 1163,8 | 1224,5 | 1299,31 | 1346,3 | 1286,64 | 1309,7 | 1449,95 |
Mulingo wa kupanga (anthu) | 330984 | 356337 | 350041 | 489249 | 368315 | 377062 | 405136 |
Nenani za zopanga (anthu) | 173800 | 208750 | 219967 | 237591 | 250028 | 266919 | 288043 |
Kugulitsidwa
| 519127 | 444123 | 453464 | 579413+39286* |
* Kugulitsa pamsika wa Baikal fur, womwe udayamba ntchito mu 2017 ku Irkutsk
Kugwirizana kwa malire opanga, kupanga magwiridwe antchito ndi malonda a zikopa zosavuta pamisika yamayiko akunja
M'zaka 3-4 zapitazi, makampani aku Russia akuyamba kuchita nawo gawo lochulukirapo pamitengo yamapasho. Chifukwa chake ubweya wabwino kwambiri pamtunda wa Baikal MPA unapezeka ndi wopanga ubweya waku Russia wazopangira ubweya.
Malinga ndi akatswiri VNIIOZ iwo. prof. B.M. Zhitkova, kutulutsa kwamkati kwa zikopa zolimba ndi pafupifupi 25% ya zotuluka. Chifukwa chake, kuti tiyerekeze kuchuluka kochepa kwa ogulitsa enieni, zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamasitomala ziyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi 1.25. Chifukwa chake, kuchotsera, mwachitsanzo, mu 2017 kudaposa mtengo wa anthu 770,000, ndikuganiza zotsogola kwambiri za ubweya wambiri ku China, komanso kugulitsa zinthu zazing'ono koma zodula pamisika yogulitsa Copenhagen ndi Vancouver, titha kulankhula molimba mtima za momwe amapangidwira zopitilira mazana 800,000, zomwe ndizoposa 55% zaanthu olembedwa. Izi zikuchitika mobwerezabwereza ndi kusinthasintha kwazaka zambiri kuyambira chiyambi cha 2000. Izi, zikuchitira umboni kuchuluka kowerengeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu aku Russia Federation.
Komabe, kuwunika kwa kugulitsa kwamphamvu kukusonyeza kuti kupanga kwa sable, kogwirizana ndi kugulitsa kwamalonda pafupifupi 700 zikwi zambiri, mwina kwapitilira kale malire amomwe nsomba zikuyenera kupirira. Mapeto ake amafunsidwa poyerekeza kusinthasintha kwamitengo yamitengo ndi kugulitsa kwamisika pamisika.
Chisamaliro chikuyenera kulipira kuyambira nthawi ya 2010. Kukwera kwamitengo kunapangitsa kuti nsombayi ikhale yowonjezereka komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kupezeka ndi kugulitsa kwa malonda pamsika. Pali kulumikizana kwabwino kwa izi ziwiri. Peak idafikiridwa mu 2013, pomwe mtengo wamba wa pakhungu udali $ 267, ndipo zikopa zikwizikwi 720 zidakhazikitsidwa pamsika (675,000 amagulitsidwa). Mu 2014, alenje adapita kukawedza akuyembekeza mitengo yapamwamba ya ubweya, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zopindulitsa kupanga madera akutali omwe kale sanadziwe, ganyu othandizira, ndi zina. Mu theka loyamba la nyengo, pomwe zochuluka za ubweya zimakololedwa, ziyembekezo izi zidakwaniritsidwa ndipo ogula adagula ubweyawo pamitengo yokwera, kuyang'ana pamitengo yayikulu pamsonkhano wa December 2013 ndi msika wa Januware 2014. Koma ngakhale pansi pa izi, opitilira 520,000 sakanakhoza kuyika nawo malonda .skins. Izi zitha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa malo osungirako ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu. Zaka ziwiri zotsatira zotsika mtengo ndipo, monga chotulukapo, kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha asodzi pa anthu, kudaloleza kuchira, ndipo mchaka cha 2017 618.6 zikopa zodalirika zidagulitsidwa kudzera mumisika iwiri yaku Russia ngakhale poyambira pamitengo yotsika mtengo. Ngati m'zaka zotsatira mtengo wamtengo ukwera kapena ngakhale utsalira, koma motsutsana ndi maziko awa kuchuluka kwa malonda kumatsika, izi zitipangitsa kunena motsimikiza kuti kupanga zinthu, zogwirizana ndi kugulitsa anthu 550-600 zikwi kumigawo, ndiye malire kuchuluka kwa nsomba komwe anthu owoneka bwino akhoza kupirira.