Brachiosaurus (Brachiosaurus) * Vertebrates

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• Nthawi Ya Habitat: Late Jurassic (zaka 156 mpaka 145 zapitazo)
• Gulu: lizopharyngeal
• Chakudya: zopatsa chidwi
• Kutalika: 13 mita
•Kutalika: 22,5 - 26 metres
• Kulemera: pafupifupi 50 matani
• Tazindikira: mu 1900 m'chigawo cha Colorado, USA
• Otchedwa: Elmer Riggs

Brachiosaurus - (lat. Brachiosaurus, kuchokera ku Greek "buluzi wamaso") - dinosaur wapamwamba kwambiri.
Dinosaur wa herbivorous kuchokera ku gulu la sauropod-macronaria.
Mutu wocheperako kumapeto kwa khosi lamamita asanu ndi atatu anali wamtunda wa 13 mita.

Mphuno za brachiosaurus zinali pachinthu chachilendo cha mafupa pamwamba pa maso. Mwinanso mphuno zolumikizana ndi ma mpweya, monga m'mazenera ena ovuta kukamwa.
Panali malingaliro omwe makhwalidwe amphuno anali ngati maziko a thunthu.

Miyendo yakutsogolo ya brachiosaurus ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, powoneka kuti buluziyo akufanana ndi mzera waukulu. Komabe, khosi lake silinalunjikitsidwe mmwamba, koma kutsogolo pamlingo wa madigiri 45.
Mano ali ndi mphamvu, amawoneka ngati supuni.
Zipatso mwina zimadyetsedwa masamba a mitengo. Anayenera kudya chakudya chochuluka kuti apatse mphamvu zofunika kwa matupi awo opambana.
Brachiosaurus amakhala ku North America ndi Africa (Tanzania).
Chitupa cha Tendagur brachiosaurus cha mamita 12 (Mount Tendagur ku Tanzania) chikuwonetsedwa ku Museum wa Humboldt ku Berlin.

Masamba anali kutalika kwamamita 5 kuchokera pansi.
American Brachiosaurus (B. altitorax) - imodzi mwasuropod yayikulu kwambiri, mpaka mita 27 kutalika ndi kulemera pafupifupi matani 50.
Kutengera zaka zambiri za brachiosaurus, akatswiri a zamalonda anthanthi amati brachiosaurus amakhala m'mabanja kapena m'magulu a anthu 20.
Brachiosaurus wachichepere mwina adatenga zaka zosachepera 10 kuti afike kukula kwa munthu wamkulu, mwina amakhala zaka 70.

Onse achi brachiosaurs adakhala kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Jurassic, koma abuluzi ofanana nawo (mwachitsanzo, sauroposeidon) adapulumuka mpaka pakati pa Cretaceous ku North America ndipo adafika zokulirapo kuposa ma brachiosaurs.

Zambiri:
1. Bailey J., Seddon T. "Prehistoric World"
2. "Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs"
3. Tsamba la Wikipedia

Mudadya chiyani komanso moyo wanji

Gawo - Lero Africa ndi North America. Brachiosaurus anali azitsamba ndipo ankadya chakudya chambiri (pafupifupi 1 toni yamafuta patsiku), chifukwa ndi mphamvu zazikuru zotere thupi limatha kudya.

Pakakhala ngozi, amatha kuthana ndi chilala ndi mchira wake kapena ndi mawondo ake akutsogolo (adayesetsa kugwetsa pansi, kuthyola vertebrae, kuphwanya womenyedwayo).

Kukutenga kuchokera ku mazira, ma dinosaurs ang'ono analibe khungu lakuda ngati makolo awo achikulire, ndipo khosi, mosiyana ndi achikulire, lidalinso lofooka.

Zambiri zamapangidwe amthupi

Inali ndi kukula kochititsa chidwi, ambiri amafanizira ndi miyala. Mtheradi mafupa onse (ma vertebrae, nthiti, ndi ena) anali achilendo komanso amphamvu kwambiri, izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa misa yamtunduwu inkayenera kugwidwa mwamphamvu. Ziwalo zamkati zinalinso zazikulu.

Pezani Mbiri

Mafupa oyamba a Brachiosaurus adapezeka ndi paleontologist Elmer Riggs mu 1900 ku Tanzania. Zotsalira zomwe adakumana nazo kale anali ndi kutsogolo kwakanthawi, pomwe ku Brachiosaurus iwo, m'malo mwake, anali atali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Chifukwa chake, a Riggs adatcha choyimira cha Brachiosaurus, chomwe potanthauzira chimatanthawuza "chopanda."
Pambuyo pake, zotsalira za oimira ena amtunduwu adapezeka ku Asia ndi North America. Brachiosaurus woyamba yemwe adapezedwa ndi "giraffatitan" wa genus. Mkati mwa zaka zapitazi, chithunzi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana chinapezeka, chomwe chimadziwika ndi Brachiosaurus nougaredi. Mu 2003, paleontologists anapeza mtundu watsopano - Abdallahsaurus.

Kutanthauza

Brachiosaurus (lat.Brachiosaurus- - nthumwi yayikulu ya brachiosauridae, dongosolo la abuluzi.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 kunadziwika ndi zopatsa chidwi: ku United States, ku Grand Canyon, mafupa angapo ophatikizika adalipo omwe anali achidziwikire a dinosaurs. Mafupawo anali akulu kwambiri - kutalika kwake kufikira 2 metres. Ngakhale pamenepo, zinaonekeratu kuti dinosaur yotseguka ikhoza kukhala yopambana zonse, ndipo mu 1903 chimphona ichi chinatchedwa mayina brachiosaurus, zomwe zikutanthauza>.

Zosangalatsa pamenepa brachiosaurus adaphunzira m'mabowo ochepa, momwe mafupa akulu amatchulapo, ma vertebrae ochepa ndi nthiti, ndi zigawo ziwiri. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri a paleont akukangana kwazaka zambiri za kukula komanso kukula kwa chimphona, ngakhale palibe amene akukayikira kuti chinali chachikulu. Koma kukula bwanji?

Brachiosaurus ndi buluzi wamkulu wazitsamba zoyenda miyendo inayi, kutanthauza sauropod. Komabe brachiosaurus ili ndi mawonekedwe - miyendo yake yakutsogolo ndiyitali kuposa miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ngakhale ma dinosaurs ambiri ali ndi zosiyana. Zochitika izi zinasiya chizindikiro chake pankhope. brachiosaurus: Ali ngati fira, koma khosi lake silimatha kutuluka. Nthawi zambiri brachiosaurus adayandikira mtundu wamtundu wa ana: khosi lamamita 8, lolovekedwa mutu yaying'ono, lidayenda bwino kulowa m thupi loterera, ndipo ilo - limapita mchira.

Amakhulupirira kuti brachiosaurus imatha kufikira masamba okula kutalika kwa pafupifupi 9 metres, kapena ngakhale mamitala 13 onse. Zonsezi zidatheka chifukwa cha khosi lalitali, komabe, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za thupi: chifuwa cha dinosaur ichi chidayamba kutalika kwa mamitala atatu, kotero kuti munthu wamba wamkulu samatha kukwapula m'mimba mwa chimphona ichi.

Ponena za kukula, kuyerekezera koyenera kwambiri ndiko kutalika brachiosaurus Mita 26, ndi masikono - osaposa matani 30. Mwinanso mu brachiosaurus anali otsika> - olemera pang'ono kuposa omwe angaweruzidwe ndi kukula kwake. Zonse zili za kapangidwe kapadera ka mafupawo - zomwe zimatchedwa ma air sacs zimakhalapo mu vertebrae ndi nthiti, chifukwa chomwe fupa lidali lotseguka, lopepuka, koma lamphamvu.

Unyinji wotere ndiwovuta kunyamula pamiyendo, chifukwa chake minofu brachiosaurus anali amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo mwambiri mwina sanawerama miyendo akuyenda - izi zimatha kudzetsa mafupa osweka. Ndi khosi lalitali, osati zonse zomwe zikuwoneka bwino: ngati mungakweze kwambiri, ubongo umasiyidwa wopanda magazi (ndizovuta kuti mtima ukhale magazi okwanira mita 8), ndipo ngati utatsitsidwa pansi, umaphulika kwenikweni kuchokera m'magazi omwe anathamangirako. Dinowa mwina anali ndi njira zodzitetezera, koma sitidziwika. Kupatula apo, chilengedwe chinapereka brachiosaurus khosi lotero siligwiritsa ntchito.

Akatswiri azachilengedwe amakangana pazinthu zambiri za physiology brachiosaurus. Amatha kukhala ndi magazi ofunda, ndipo kwa moyo wabwinobwino, pafupifupi makilogalamu 120 a chakudya patsiku zinali zokwanira kwa iye. Ndizotheka kuti mphuno zake zinali pamphumi pake ndikulankhulana ndi ma sacs am'mweya m'mafupa. Chimphona ichi mwina chinali ndi ubongo wawung'ono, chifukwa chake dinosaur yokha inali yopusa.

Brachiosaurus chikadali chinsinsi chifukwa zotsalira zake ndizochepa zomwe zimapezeka. Kupatula apo, zinaoneka kuti zina mwazinthu zakale sizili zake, koma za zokhudzana ndi mitundu - giraffotitan. Koma palibe kukaikira kuti brachiosaurus inali imodzi mwa ma dinosaurs akuluakulu omwe adakhalapo padziko lapansi.

Kapangidwe ka mafupa

Mapewa a Brachiosaurus anali pamtunda wamamita 5 kuchokera pansi. M'chiberekero cha oyimilira amtunduwu, pali mafupa 14 osiyana. Khosi limatha kufika 10 metres, koma linali loonda. Khosi lidagwidwa pachiwombero cha S ndipo lidali pakona pa madigiri 45 pansi. Maonekedwe a mafupa kunjaku amagwirizana kwambiri ndi miliri. Mphuno za Brachiosaurus zinali pamwamba pamaso pa fupa ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi ma secs amlengalenga. A brachiosaurus anali ndi mchira wolimba, womwe unkateteza ku adani.

Nyali

Woyimirayo anali ndi thupi lopadera kwa abale ake: kutsogolo kunali kutalika kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo.Kumiyendo kumapazi a nyama, khungu limakhala lolimba kuteteza miyendo kuti isavulale. Zofananazi zitha kuonedwa ndi njovu. Kutsogolo kwa Brachiosaurus kunali pafupifupi mita imodzi kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo (4 - kutsogolo, 3 - kumbuyo). Kafukufuku wokhudza mafupa omwe adapezeka adawonetsa kuti nyamayo imangoyenda ndi miyendo yowongoka, chifukwa ikapindika, mafupawo amatha kuthyooka.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mtunduwu ndi wa herbivores. Kuti azidzipatsa mphamvu, Brachiosaurus amafunika kudya makilogalamu 200 a chakudya tsiku lililonse. Adagwiritsa ntchito masamba osasiya.

Kukhazikika kwa mphuno kunathandizira kuti chakudya chizipitirirabe, popeza zimayikidwa pafupi pamphumi. Khosi lalitali lidathandizira nyamayo kufika pamasamba pamitengo. Mano a Brachiosaurus anali ooneka ngati supuni (awiriawiri 15-16). Sanamalire mbewu zomwe zadyedwa.

Dokotalayo anayenera kumeza miyala ing'onoing'ono yomwe imathandizira kupera chakudya m'mimba. Maziko a nyama zapakhomo anali mahatchi komanso ma conifere. Amamwa pafupifupi matani 1 a mbewu tsiku lililonse.

Chitetezo cha predator

Brachiosaurus anali odekha. Zitsamba zamtendere zamtendere sizinayambirepo kuyimilira ena oimira. Dinosaurs imatha kulowa chisawawa pokhapokha adani akamazunza banja. Nthawi zambiri, olosera omwe amadana ndi ana amakhala akutsutsana ndi ana am'banja. Makolo osamala adawasungira zaka zoyambirira za moyo. Podzitchinjiriza, a Brachiosaurus adagwiritsa ntchito mchira wamphamvu. Pokhala ndi zochitika zambiri, herbivores amatha kudodometsa kapena kutaya omwe akuukira.

Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale aku Brachiosaurus

Mafupa obwezeretsedwa a mita 14 amaperekedwa ku Humboldt Museum ku Berlin.
Reptile Sude - chiwonetsero ku Denver Museum of Natural.
Mafupa okonzedwanso ali ku Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, USA).

Achibale apamtundu wamtunduwu ndi:

Nenani za makanema

"Jurassic Park." Kanemayo adawonetsa molakwika kuti Brachiosaurus imayimilira miyendo yake yakumbuyo, koma zomwe thupi silimamuwona, chifukwa miyendo ikadangophwanyidwa ndi kulemera kwa thupi la chimphona.
"Dziko la Jurassic"
"Kuyenda ndi zimphona: moyo pamaso pa ma dinosaurs",
Theodore Rex
Kuukira kwa Jurassic
"Dinosaur Island" yotulutsidwa mu 2014
"Nthawi ya ma dinosaurs"
"King Kong" ya 1933 ndi 2005 komanso mu tepi "Mwana wa King Kong".

Buku Mabuku

The Encyclopedia in Augmented Reality "Dinosaurs: From Contsognath to Ramforinh"
“Chiyani? Kuti? Liti? Mafunso ndi Mayankho
"Dinosaurs - buku lonse"
"Phunziro la dinosaur. Pofunafuna dziko lotayika "
"Chinsinsi Cha Nthawi: Zolemba Zosakira Dinosa"
"Atlas of dinosaurs ndi nyama zina zakale"
"Zinsinsi za plasticine - ma dinosaurs"
Mbiri Yapadziko Lapansi
«Ndi chiyani? - ma dinosaurs»
«Dinosaurs - buku lowonetsa»
«Kulamulira dziko lapansi»
«Onani dziko: ma dinosaurs»
Kuyang'ana ma dinosaurs
Dinosaurs - buku lotchulidwa
Momwe dziko limagwirira ntchito
Dziwani dziko - ma dinosaurs
Dinosaurs ndi pulaneti lapansi
Ensaikulopediya yamakono ya atsikana ndi anyamata

Kufotokozera

Brachiosaurus wakhala akudziwika mu sayansi kuyambira 1903, mafupa a nyama izi amapezeka mu malo a Jurassic nthawi zambiri. Asayansi atazindikira kukula kwa cholengedwa chomwe adakumba, nthawi yomweyo adayesa kuti chikwaniritse malo omwe ali ndi Aquaman, koma malingaliro, komabe, adapambana.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, asayansi a nyama zamtundu womwewo adalowetsedwa mu stupor, popeza palibe owerengera pazambiri za chamoyo, komabe, oimira anzeru aku yunivesite, popanda iwo, komabe, adazindikira kuti kukakamira pamadzi sikungalole kuti dinosaur ipume.

Mwambiri, brachiosaurus anali ofanana ndi chifuwa chowerama chachikulu ((mnyamatayo yekha samangokhala khosi osati mowongoka, koma mbali ya madigiri 45). Zinali dinosaur wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi khosi lalitali kwambiri, kumapeto kwake komwe mutu wochepa kwambiri unagududwa, womwe umanena kale zambiri za kuthamanga kwa chimphona. Kutalika kwa kufota kwa wamkulu kwambiri kumatha kutalika mpaka mita 14, kutalika kuyambira kumutu mpaka kummawa kukafika pachimake chodabwitsa kwambiri. Mwambiri, ngati mnyamatayo angafune, amatha kukhala wojambula wofunikira kwambiri wanyumba zazitali kwambiri, ngakhale popanda ma drone. Chinyama chaching'ono chotere chimatha kulemera pafupifupi matani 50.

Miyendo yakutsogolo ya brachiosaurus inali yotalikirapo kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe inapatsa buluzi mawonekedwe oyenerera kuti khosi likhale pamwamba kwambiri pansi ndikuyang'ana nyenyezi. Mwendo umodzi ngati womwewo umatha kutalika mamita 4, womwe ungafanane ndi kutalika kwa nyamayi ikudutsa nthawi yovuta yaunyamata. Mimba inali yayikulu kwambiri kotero kuti ofufuza ambiri amachirikiza lingaliro loti brachiosaurus pafupifupi sanagwade mawondo, apo ayi moyo wake unakhala wotakataka kwambiri, ndipo mavitamini opatsika mafupa sanasungidwebe. Mwa njira, nyamayo inali kwa nthawi yayitali imaganiziridwa ngati dinosaur yayitali kwambiri komanso yayikulu kwambiri. mpaka giraffatitan ndi zavroposeidon atalowa m'bwaloli, koma tidzakambirananso za nthawi ina.

Khalidwe

Mwachiwonekere, chimphona cha kukula kotere chimafuna chakudya chodabwitsa patsiku, kuti thupi lake lamphamvu lisathe kufo ndikufa. Omwe amavutika ndi vegan yopanda nkhondoyi nthawi zambiri amakhala mphukira zazing'ono zamitengo italiitali, komwe zimphona zazitali zimafikira popanda mavuto, koma kanthu kakang'ono kokhazikika ngati diplodocus kamatha kungoyala pansi pachitsamba. Mitundu yambiri ya nyamazo idapezekanso, pamaziko omwe asayansi adaganiza kuti brachiosaurus imayendayenda m'gulu la ng'ombe.

Ponena za maubale ndi mafia olusa, apa brachiosaurus anali ndi kukambirana kwakanthawi. Kukulira kulemera konse pa iye wokuvutitsani, monga wokwera pang'onopang'ono, mwana wathu sakanakhoza bwino, koma chibadwa cha amayi sichinasiye mwana wawo wamaubongo popanda njira yodzitetezera. Mwamwayi, brachiosaurus inali ndi mchira wolimba kwambiri, womwe nyamayo imatha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati kalabu. Mwambiri, kuwomba kwa mchira ngati kumeneku kunaphetsa anthu ambiri omwe amadyera, ndipo wina amangokhulupirira kuti anyamata akuluakuluwo amadziwa momwe angakwaniritsire bwino. Khungu la wamkulu wamkazi, ochepa amatha kungang'amba osavulala, koma brachiosaurus ang'onoang'ono ankasakidwa nthawi zonse, kotero akuluakulu amayenera kuyimira ana awo.

Ponena za zaka zachichepere zomwe brachiosaurus wokwiya adadutsamo, apa tidzapeza mantha owonjezera, phobias ndi maofesi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amabuluzi amabisala ang'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makolo awo, ndipo amayenera kusunga makutu awo kuti awononge osagwirizana ndi ana ena. Zaka zosachepera 10 zidadutsa ana amphaka atadzaza gulu lonse la ng'ombe, ndipo amambowo akhoza kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 70, mokhazikika.

Nkhani yabwino yamtendere lero. Ndikukhulupirira kuti aliyense pano amalemekeza ng'ombe, chifukwa mtundu wawo wakale ndi woyenera. Mwa njira, ngati pali chilichonse, ndiye kuti mchitidwe udayamba, kotero zolembazo sizingakhale motalika ngati kale, komanso osati pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake ndikhulupilira kuti mumvetsetsa. Ndipo tsopano mutha kulembetsa ku njira yathu yophunzitsira kuti musaphonye zolemba zokhudzana ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri, muuzenso anzanu za ife ndikuwonjezera ndemanga, ndimakhala ndi chidwi ndimalingaliro anu. Pakadali pano - bye, tionana nonse!

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