Madagascar Hilt | |||||||||||
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Gulu la asayansi | |||||||||||
Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Pamtunda |
Gulu lalikulu: | Euarchonta |
Malo: | Wokhala ngati dzanja (Chiromyiformes Anthony & Coupin, 1931) |
Banja: | Arm (Daubentoniidae Gray, 1863) |
Onani: | Madagascar Hilt |
Dzanja la Madagascar , kapena ah-ah (olemba ena amapeza kuti matchulidwe ndi matchulidwe ake ndi zatha), kapena aye aa , kapena womangidwa (lat. Daubentonia madagascariensis) - mitundu yokhayo yamakono (mtundu wina wofotokozedwa, Daubentonia robusta, wamwalira zaka pafupifupi 1000 zapitazo) za banja mikono (Daubentoniidae), chinyama chokhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira wakuda, mchira wautali komanso zala zazitali kwambiri. Amakhala ndi moyo wosangalala usiku ku nkhalango zamvula za ku Madagascar. Woimira wamkulu wa anyani amasiku. Imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni mu kachidutswa koyera komanso mchira waukulu wa fluffy. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Madagascar. Mitundu yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Mu 1780, wofufuzira uyu, a Pierre Sonner, anapeza kuti mkono wamtunduwu, ndikugwira ntchito pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Madagascar. Pakhala kutsutsana kwakukulu pankhani yokhudza kukhazikika kwa ay-ai - chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mano a nyama izi, zoyambirira zimapangidwa ndi makoswe, koma kenako asayansi adazindikira kuti awa anali mandimu a gulu lapadera lomwe linapatuka pach thunthu wamba. Dzinali limaperekedwa polemekeza wolemba zachilengedwe waku France a Louis Jean-Marie Dobanton (1716-1800).
Gulu la asayansi
Madagascar Hilt (ay-ay) - nyama zachilendo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka khumi zapitazo, ndi anthu 30-40 okha omwe adadziwika kuti alipo. Uyu ndiye woimira yekha wochokera kubanja la alonda okhala ndi zida anyani. Miyoyo musango. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo. Amadzuka yekha usiku, 80% ya nthawi ino amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya.
Zabwino zawo ndi:
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,
- Mtedza
- Mitundu ina,
- Mitengo yambiri.
Ichi ndi nyama yotentha kwambiri, yomwe, ikufuna mphutsi pamitengo yowola, imamveredwa koyamba kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikuwona kugwedezeka kochokera mkati. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti mkono umakutira dzenje mgolo ndipo umaponya chala chake chotalikirapo chapakati.
Masana, ii-a amagona pabowo, ndipo amakonda kugwirira ntchito nyumba imodzi nthawi yayitali. Nyama zam'madzi zimakhala nthawi yayitali, zimakhala ndi zaka 26.
Mbiri yopezeka ya ah-ah
Woyambirira kukumana ndi dzanja laling'ono anali wofufuza malo wachifalansa dzina lake Pierre Sonner. Zinachitika mu 1780. Mikangano yambiri yamenyedwa pa tanthauzo la sayansi pa AI. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mano a kutsogolo, adapatsidwa gawo loyambirira. Pambuyo pake adasankha kugawa nyama ngati mandimu amtundu wapadera.
Mitundu ingapo imadziwika zakomwe dzinali:
- Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo, nyamayo idayitanidwa chifukwa cha chala chachitali chomwe adaikamo mabowo osiyanasiyana.
- Komanso, ataona chilombo kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu am'deralo anachita mantha kwambiri mpaka anayamba kufuula kuti: "Ah-ah!",
- Pali mtundu wachitatu. Akuti kukumana ndi chinyama cham'madzi molingana ndi zizindikiro zakale kumalonjeza mavuto ku Madagascans. Kupatula apo, chilumbachi chimakhulupirira mokhulupirika maulamuliro apamwamba, matsenga ndi milungu. Zachidziwikire, chodabwitsa ichi cha chilengedwe sichitha koma kupangitsa malingaliro oterowo ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Zimakhulupirira kuti ngati ungakumane ndi nyama pafupi ndi mudziwo, aliyense amakumana ndi imfa. Chifukwa chake, anayesa kumupha. Kuwona mwana ah-ah - kwa ana akufa. Pofuna kuvulaza, anthu adaponya manja awo wina ndi mnzake.
Mawonekedwe
Kunja, nyama imawoneka ngati yapamwamba. Kuwona chozizwitsa china kamodzi, simungasokoneze china chilichonse pambuyo pake:
- Ndi yaying'ono kukula, kulemera pafupifupi 3 kg,
- Thupi pafupifupi 40 cm,
- Ali ndi mchira wofiyira
- Pamutu waukulu (poyerekeza ndi thupi), maso oyang'ana mozungulira ndi makutu akulu amaonekera
- Ili ndi mano 18. Zatsogola ndizambiri, zimakula moyo wanga wonse,
- Ziwalo zam'mbuyo ndizitali kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo,
- Chala chimodzi chimakhala chachitali komanso chocheperako kuposa ena onse. Amatumizira chirombo kwa aliyense nthawi imodzi. Ndi iyo, dzanja laling'ono, kuphatikiza zakumwa, kuliyika kaye m'madzi, kenako ndikunyambita.
Ichi ndiye chitengo chachikulu kwambiri chausiku. Nyamazo zimayenda pamiyendo inayi. Ngakhale kuli kwawoko, ah, sakudziwa kukwera thunthu komanso kulumpha.
Moyo ndi kuswana ay-ay
Zinkakhala kuti mikono yaying'ono ija imangokhala yokha. Koma kafukufuku waposachedwa wawonetsa kuti oimira ena amasuntha awiriawiri. Nthawi zambiri uyu amakhala wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, amene pachibwenzi adayamba.
Malingaliro a amayi mmanja amakhala bwino. Kwa mwana wake wamwamuna, mayiyo amakonza chisa chofunda, chogona pansi pansi bedi, udzu, nthenga za mbalame.
Mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, wamkazi amadyetsa ana ndi mkaka. Pambuyo pa izi, mwanawankhosa amayamba kudya yekha. Koma samasiya makolo awo, koma amakhala limodzi ndi mabanja awo. Akazi amakhala atali, mpaka pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, ndipo amuna amakhala ochepera - mpaka chaka chimodzi. Zamoyo zimakhala zachilengedwe kwa zaka pafupifupi 30.
Kuteteza ndi kupulumutsa manja
Chiwerengero chochepa cha manja ang'onoang'ono chimatha. Cholinga chake ndikuti anthu amderalo omwe adadula mitengo - malo achilengedwe. Malo osiyiridwawo amabzalidwa nzimbe, kanjedza zamakoko ndi ma clove.
Panthawi ina, asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti chozizwitsa cha nyamazo chinazimiririka. Koma pambuyo pake adapezeka ndi zidutswa zingapo ndipo adalowa mu Red Book. Chifukwa cha kutaya mtima, ay-ai adabwera kwa munthu ndikuyamba kuvulaza mbewuyo, chifukwa chomwe adalandidwa nyumba yawo. Ndi mano awo, amatafuna coconuts ndikusangalala ndi zomwe zili. Ndipo nyamazo zimasanduza nzimbe kukhala fumbi.
Kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi vuto lalikulu kwa alimi am'deralo. Chifukwa chake, adayamba kusaka ah-ah ndikuwapha. Izi zinapangitsa kuti nyamayi itayike mwachangu. Ndinayenera kuchitapo kanthu mozama kupulumutsa nyani nyani. Chilumba chidawagawira ndipo onse adaletsedwa kuyendera.
Pambuyo pake, ogulitsa enanso 15 adapangidwa kuti apulumutse nyamazo. Kuchuluka kwa nyama pang'onopang'ono kunayamba kukula. Chiwerengero chawo chafika pa anthu 1000. Masiku ano amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama ambiri padziko lapansi.
Takuuzani zonse zomwe tingathe za ay-ay. Nyamayi imapezeka pokhapokha. Ili ku Madagascar, chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake chapadera, nyama zomwe zakhala zikusowa kwina konse kumayiko ena zopangidwa: mileme ndi kafadala, lemurs ndi tenrecs, ufulu wa kangaude ndi mvuu zazifupi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mkono
Dzanja laling'ono (Latin Daubentonia madagascariensis) - nkhokwe yakutsogolo kwa anyani amphongo, amphaka okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lakuda ndi lamtundu wakuda, amakhala ndi mchira wautali wokwanira masentimita 60, mwina wokumbutsa gologolo.
Kukula kwa thupi limodzi ndi mutu kuli pafupifupi masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Kulemera kwa nyamayi pakukula kumakhala pakati pa makilogalamu 3-4, ana amabadwa amakula pansi pa kanjedza ka munthu. Mbali yodziwika kuchokera ku anyani ena ndi yayitali kwambiri ndi zala zazing'ono ndi zala, ndipo pakati ndi pakati mulinso chala.
Pamutu pamphepete pali makutu akuluakulu ozungulira, ooneka ngati supuni, omwe nyamayo imatha kuyendayenda. Zala zamakutu ndi makutu zilibe mbewu chilichonse padziko lapansi. Nkhope yathu ndi yayikuru, yamaso ozungulira komanso kupukutira pang'ono ndi mphuno.
M mbewa iyi ndi mtundu wokhawo wochokera kubanja rukonozhkovye, mayina ake ena wamba: Madagas halle, aye-aye (kapena ay-ay) bowo mkono ndi mkono wopanda m'miyendo.
Miyendo ya nyama ili kumbali za thupi, monga mandimu, nkono ndi mkono ndipo umakutanthawuza mawonekedwe awo osiyana. Zoneneratu zazifupi kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, chifukwa chake, pansi adachita iye-aye amasuntha pang'onopang'ono, koma amakwera mitengo mwanzeru kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mwaluso mapangidwe ake a manja ndi zala kuti akope nthambi ndi mitengo yayikulu. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe nyamayo imawonekera bwino, mutha kuwona ikuwonetsedwa muulemerero wake wonse chithunzi cha mkono wamadagas.
Kodi ah-ah zikuwoneka bwanji? Chithunzi chojambula
Maonekedwe a mikono ndiopadera. Thupi limakutidwa ndi ubweya wa shaggy wa bulauni wakuda kapena mtundu wakuda, tsitsi lalitali lakunja lili ndi malangizo oyera. Kupukutira ndi thupi lotsika ndizopepuka - kirimu kapena imvi. Mchirawo ndiwotalikirapo kuposa thupi, wowonda kwambiri. Mutu umakhala wokulirapo, wozungulira, wokhala ndi makutu akulu achikopa a mawonekedwe. Maso akulu amtundu wowala wa lalanje kapena wachikasu wobiriwira atazunguliridwa ndi mabwalo amdima akuda. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi makoswe: lakuthwa kwambiri, omwe amakula nthawi zonse. Chithunzi cha dzanja laling'onoli chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri.
Dzanja ndiye woimira wamkulu wa anyani amasiku. Thupi limakhala lalitali ndi masentimita 36-44, mchira wa 45-55 cm, ndipo kulemera kwa nyamayi sikumaposa 2,5 kg.
Manja akuthamanga ndikulumpha miyendo inayi. Zala ndi zala zakumaso ndizovala zazitali zokhota, kupatula chala choyamba cha miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe ili ndi msomali weniweni.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri mkono ndi chala chapakati padzanja. Ndiwotalika kwambiri komanso wowonda komanso wopanda minofu yofewa. Chida choterechi, chophatikiza ndi zobiriwira zomwe zimakulirakulira, nyamayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya: imakata mabowo nkhuni zowuma ndikukutulutsa mphutsi (chithunzi pansipa). Chala ichi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chopopera pokoka nkhuni kuti apeze mphutsi. Sayansi imangodziwa nyama imodzi yokha yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira yachilendo yopeza chakudya - iyi ndiye mtundu wawung'ono wa New Guinea, womwe uli wa agologolo a mbalame zina zouluka.
Moyo & Habitat
Nyamayi sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri motero sikuyenda masana. Kuwala kwa dzuwa saona kalikonse. Koma madzulowo, masomphenyawo abwerera kwa iye, ndipo amatha kuona mphutsi zake m'makungwa a mitengo patali mamita khumi.
Masana, nyamayo ili thukuta, ikukwera mumphako kapena kukhala pampanda yolimba ya nthambi. Tsiku lonse limatha kusuntha. Dzanja laphimbidwa ndi mchira wake wamkulu wokongola ndikugona. Munthawi imeneyi, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwona. Pofika usiku, nyamayi imakhala ndi moyo ndikuyamba kusaka mphutsi, mphutsi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kamene timayendetsa usiku.
Chingwe chamoyo kokha m'nkhalango za Madagascar. Kuyesera konse kupeza anthu kunja kwa chilumbacho sikunaphule kanthu. Poyamba anthu ankakhulupirira kuti nyamayo imangokhala kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Madagascar.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zosowa zachilendo zimapezeka kumadzulo kwa chilumbachi. Amakonda kutentha kwambiri ndipo ikagwa mvula, amatha kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikugona tulo, kumamatirana kwambiri.
Nyamayi imakonda kukhala m'malo otentha a bamboo ndi mango, m'malo aang'ono. Kusiya mitengo ndikosowa kwambiri. Khomo limasinthiratu. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati ana ali pachiwopsezo kapena chakudya chikutha m'malo awa.
Mikono ya ku Madagascar ili ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe. Samaopa njoka ndi mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa; Choopsa chachikulu kwa nyama zachilendozi ndi munthu. Kuphatikiza pa chidani chamatsenga, pali kudula mitengo pang'onopang'ono, komwe ndi malo okhala mikono.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Dzanja silipandukira. Amadyanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zawo. Pamakhala mitengo, nyamayi imamva chidwi kwambiri ndi tizilombo touluka touluka, zikwangwani zodzaza ndi makungwa owuma, mbozi kapena mphutsi. Nthawi zina amatha kugwira agulugufe kapena agulugufe. Nyama zokulirapo sizimenyedwa ndipo zimakonda kupitako.
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kamene kamawonekera patsogolo, mkono umagunda mosamala khungwa la mtengo kuti pakhale mphutsi, limapenda mosamala nthambi za mitengo yomwe imakhalamo. Chala chofiirira chapakati chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyamayo ngati chigoli, kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa chakudya.
Kenako mlenje amasaka makungwa ndi mano akuthwa, amatenga mphutsizo ndikugwiritsa ntchito chala chomwe chimalondera. Kukhazikitsidwa mwalamulo kuti nyamayi imatha kugwira kayendedwe ka tizilombo tozama mpaka mamita anayi.
Amakonda mkono ndi zipatso. Atapeza chipatsocho, amatafuna thupi. Amakonda ma coconuts. Amadzipaka, monga khungwa, kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mkaka wa kokonati mkati, ndikungotseka zonona pazakudya zomwe amakonda. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo bamboo ndi ndodo. Monga zipatso zolimba, nyamayo imatafuna kuuma ndipo imasankha zamkati ndi chala chake.
Manja a Ay-ai ali ndi zizindikiro zingapo zomveka. Madzulo, nyama mwachangu zimayamba kuyendayenda pamitengo kukafuna chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, amapanga mawu okweza, ofanana ndi kubangula kwa nkhumba zamtchire.
Pothamangitsa anthu ena kumadera ake, nkono umatha kufuula kwambiri. Amalankhula zaukali, ndibwino osayandikira nyama yotere. Nthawi zina mumatha kumva kulira. Chilombochi chimapanga mawu awa polimbirana magawo omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka.
Nyamayi sichita nawo gawo lalikulu la chakudya ku Madagascar. Samusaka. Komabe, ndi gawo limodzi la chilengedwe cha chilengedwe. Chochititsa chidwi, pachilumbachi mulibe mitengo ndi mbalame zofanana ndi izo. Chifukwa cha makina odyetserako chakudya, nkhuni yam'manja imagwira "ntchito" yamatabwa - imayeretsa mitengo ya tizirombo, tizilombo ndi mphutsi.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Munthu aliyense amakhala mdera lalikulu mokhazikika. Nyama iliyonse imayang'anira malo ake ndipo potero imateteza ku chiwopsezo cha abale ake. Ngakhale kuti mkono umasungidwa padera, chilichonse chimasinthika nyengo yakukhwima.
Kuti akope mnzake, wamkazi amayamba kulira mokweza, kuitana amuna. Ndimagona ndi aliyense amene amabwera kudzamuyitana. Mkazi aliyense amakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Amayi amakonzera chisa chokomera ana.
Pambuyo pobadwa, khanda limakhalamo pafupifupi miyezi iwiri ndipo limadya mkaka wa amayi. Amachita izi kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Ana ocheperako amagwirizana kwambiri ndi amayi awo, ndipo amatha kukhala nawo mpaka chaka chimodzi. Chinyama chachikulu chimapangidwa mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ana amtunduwu amawonekera kamodzi pachaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Pafupifupi, akhanda ana mikono yaying'ono kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 100, lalikulu limatha kulemera mpaka magalamu 150. Nthawi yomwe akukula sikugwira ntchito kwambiri, ana amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi inayi amayamba kulemera - mpaka ma kilogalamu 2.5.
Chiwerengerochi chimasinthasintha, chikazi chimalemera mochepera komanso amuna ambiri. Achichepere amabadwa atakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Utoto wa chovalachi ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi utoto wa achikulire. Mumdima amatha kusokonezeka mosavuta, koma anawo amasiyana ndi makolo awo m'maso. Maso awo ali ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino wobiriwira. Mutha kusiyananso ndi makutu. Zing'ono kwambiri kuposa mutu.
Manja a makanda amabadwa ndi mano awo. Mano ndi akuthwa, owoneka ngati tsamba. Sinthani kukhala kwachilendo pakatha miyezi inayi. Komabe, chakudya cholimba cha anthu achikulire chimasinthidwabe mpaka mano a mkaka.
Kupenda kwaposachedwa kwapanyama kwawonetsa kuti ana amayamba kupanga zisa zawo zoyambira mchisa pafupi miyezi iwiri. Amapita kwakanthawi kochepa osati patali. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatiridwa ndi amayi omwe akuyang'anira mayendedwe onse a anawo ndikuwatsogolera ndi mawu apadera amawu.
Kutalika kwenikweni kwa cholengedwa sikugwidwa sikudziwika kwenikweni. Amadziwika kuti kumalo osungira nyama nyamayo idakhala zaka zoposa 25. Koma izi sizachilendo. Palibenso umboni wina wotsimikizira kuti mikono yayitali ili muukapolo. Mu malo achilengedwe, pansi pazabwino, khalani ndi zaka 30.
Kufotokozera kwa Madagascar Cr Cr
Rukonozhkovy amatchedwanso aye-aye. Mu 1780, nyamazo zidapezeka ndi woyendayenda Pierre Sonner pagombe lakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Madagascar. Panthawi yomwe adapeza nyama yachilendo, adakumana ndi zowawa.Aborigine omwe adamuwona kuthengo nthawi yomweyo adatenga cholengedwa chokoma cha fiend wagahena, choyambitsa mavuto onse, mdierekezi munyama, ndikumusaka.
Zofunika! Tsoka ilo, nkhonya yam'madzi ku Madagascar idakali pangozi yotha kutha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Madagascar ndi kuzunza kwazonse m'chipani chake cha Malagasy monga malo achitetezo.
Lemur yausiku iyi idayamba kutchulidwa kuti ndi makoswe. Dzanja laling'ono limagwiritsa ntchito chala chake chapakati ngati chida chopezera tizilombo. Atasinthana ndi khungwa la mtengo, akumvetsera mwachidwi kuti azindikire ngati pali mphutsi zomwe zimayamwa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti AI (ili ndi dzina lake lina) imatha kudziwa kayendedwe kazilombo mozama mainchesi 3.5.
Mawonekedwe
Maonekedwe apadera a mikono ya Madagascar ndizovuta kuzisokoneza ndi mawonekedwe a chilombo china chilichonse. Thupi lake limakutidwa ndi chovala chofiirira chakuda, pomwe chovalacho ndichitali. M'mimba ndi kupukutira m'maso ndizopepuka, tsitsi m'zigawo izi za thupi limakhala ndi beige hue. Manja ndi akulu. Pamwamba pali makutu akulu amaso, opanda ubweya. Maso ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka amdima, mtundu wa iris ndiwobiliwira kapena wachikasu wobiriwira, ali ozungulira komanso owala.
Mano amafanananso ndi mano a makoswe. Ziwola kwambiri ndipo zimakula mosalekeza. Kukula kwake, nyamayi ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa anyani ena ausiku. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 36-44, mchira ndi masentimita 45-5, ndipo kulemera kwake sikumaposa 4 kg. Kulemera kwa nyamayi pakukula kumakhala pakati pa makilogalamu 3-4, ana amabadwa amakula pansi pa kanjedza ka munthu.
Manja amayenda, kupumula nthawi yomweyo pamiyendo inayi, yomwe ili kumbali za thupi, ngati mandimu. Pa zala ndizovala zazitali zopindika. Zala zoyambirira zamiyendo yakumbuyo zili ndi msomali. Zala zamkati za kutsogolo - pafupifupi zopanda minofu yofewa komanso nthawi imodzi ndi theka kuposa zina zonse. Kapangidwe kameneka, kuphatikizapo mano owola mosalekeza, kamaloleza nyamayo kupanga mabowo mumakungwa a mitengo ndikutulutsa chakudya pamenepo. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyofupikirapo kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe imagwirizanitsa kuyenda kwa nyama pansi. Koma kapangidwe kotere kamamupangitsa kukhala chule wodabwitsa. Amagwira zala zake mwaluso pakhungwa ndi nthambi za mitengo.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ku Madagascar magawo amakhala ndi moyo wamasiku ano. Amakhala ovuta kuwona, ngakhale ndi kufunitsitsa kwakukulu. Choyamba, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimafafanizidwa ndi munthu, ndipo chachiwiri, mikono simalowa. Pazifukwa zomwezi, ndizovuta kwambiri kujambula. Nyama zaku Madagascar pamapeto pake zimakwera mitengo kumtunda, kumayesa kudziteteza ku nyama zamtchire zomwe zifuna kudya nawo.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Aye-aye amakhala m'nkhalango za nsungwi, panthambi zazikulu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu pakati pa nkhalango zamvula za ku Madagascar. Kumanani ndi awiri, pafupipafupi.
Ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, aiye -iye amadzuka ndikuyamba moyo wokangalika, akukwera ndi kudumphira m'mitengo, akufufuza mosamala mabowo onse ndi zibowo mukuyang'ana chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa modandaula. Amalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana. Kufuula kodziwikiratu kumasonyezanso kukhala wankhalwe, ndipo kufuula ndi pakamwa kotsekeka kungatanthauze kuwonetsa. Pang'onopang'ono, kufupikira kumamveka pankhani yampikisano wazakudya.
Phokoso loti "yew" limagwira ntchito poyankha maonekedwe a munthu kapena mandimu, "hi-hai" titha kumveka pomayesera kuthawa kwa adani. Nyama izi ndizovuta kuziyang'anira. Ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri za izi. Ndikosavuta kuyimitsa chakudya chochepa ngati, ndipo ndizosavuta kusankha zakudya zomwe mukudziwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale wokonda kwambiri mwina amakonda kuti chiweto chake sichitha kuoneka.
Malo okhala zankhondo
Kuchulukana kwa anthu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa nyama zam'mawa izi. Chifukwa chake, mpaka posachedwapa, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti malo okhala manja ndi gawo laling'ono chabe lamvula yamvula kugombe lakummawa kwa Madagascar. Posachedwa, AIs yapezeka m'malo ena a nkhalango m'mphepete mwa nyanja yonse yakum'mawa, komanso m'nkhalango zowirira kumpoto chakumadzulo ngakhale m'nkhalango zowuma za gombe lakumadzulo. Dzanja silimangokhala nkhalango zoyambirira. Itha kupezekanso muma mangange komanso m'minda ya kokonati.
Khalidwe ndi Kubereka
Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu ankakhulupirira kuti ai amakhala moyo wawekha ndikusaka chakudya chimodzi. Koma wofufuza Elinor Sterling, yemwe adasanthula moyo wa mandimu awa mwachilengedwe, adapeza kuti nyama zina zimasuntha kukafuna chakudya awiriawiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati m'modzi wa iwo akufuna kusunthira pamtengo wina, apanga nyimbo, ndikulimbikitsa mnzake kuti amutsatire. Zovala zoterezi zimasungidwa ndi mkazi ndi wamwamuna pamasewera akukhwima (akazi amakhala ndi udindo waukulu), komanso mayi wokhala ndi mwana.
Mikono imachulukana pang'onopang'ono. Wamkazi amabweretsa mwana wamphongo kamodzi pakatha masiku pafupifupi atatu ali ndi pakati. Kwa mwana, amakonzera chisa chachikulu chachikulu, chokhala ndi zofunda zofewa. Mkaka wa amayi umadyetsedwa pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Koma ngakhale atatha kudzidyetsa yekha, mwana amakhalabe ndi amayi ake kwakanthawi: amuna - pafupifupi pafupifupi mmodzi, ndipo akazi - mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Kutalika kwa mikono kutchire sikadziwika kwenikweni, koma amakhala m'malo osungira nyama kwakanthawi, mpaka zaka 26.
Moyo wa ay-ay
Dzanja limangokhala usiku. Amakhala tsiku lonse chisa, chomwe amadzipangira yekha kuchokera kumitengo ndi masamba kutalika kwa 10-15 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka. Zimatenga pafupifupi tsiku kuti timange chisa. Nyama iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito zisa zingapo munjira inayake, ndipo anthu osiyanasiyana amapuma mu chisa chimodzi tsiku lililonse. Ai-ai amakonda kuyenda m'mphepete mwa mitengo, koma imatsikira pansi kuti iwoloke kudula mitengo.
Manja amakhala okhaokha. M'malo omwe chakudya chimakhala chambiri, anthu angapo amatha kusonkhana nthawi yomweyo, koma akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala osalolerana.
Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi chiwembu chake, dera lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lopitilira mahekitala 30. Mothandizidwa ndi mafungo, mkodzo ndi kufuula, mikono imaloza gawo lawo. Madera azinyumba zamphongo amakumana ndi malo a akazi.
Chakudya chachikulu chamanja ndi mphutsi komanso zomwe zili pacipatso. Ai-ai ndi mlendo pafupipafupi m'minda ya kokonati. Asanayambe kukukuta chigamba cha kokonati, nyamayo imagunda chipatso kuti mudziwe ngati mulinso mkaka wambiri.
Sizikudziwika ndendende angati manja ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala mwachilengedwe; m'malo osungira nyama, maimidwe awo ndi atali - mpaka zaka 26.
Sankhani Zoo Cub
Kuteteza kwathunthu
International Union for Conservation of Natural yalimbikitsa nyama. Adathandizira zoyesedwa ndi Dr. Jean-Jacques Petter kuti asinthe chisumbu cha Nosy-Mangabe [en] kukhala malo osungirako ay-ay ndikuletsa anthu amderalo kuti asaipeze. Anthu am'derali ankaona chilumbachi kukhala chopanda ntchito, ndipo chifukwa chake zachilengedwe zachilengedwe zomwe zinali mmenemo sizinakhalepobe. Mu 1967, amuna anayi ndi akazi asanu aana-ana adamasulidwa pachilumbachi, chomwe chimamera bwino ndikuyamba kubereka. Pazonse, malo 16 anapangidwa ku Madagascar kuti apulumutse mikono. Ndipo ngakhale kuti apulumutsidwe kwathunthu amafunika kutetezedwa mosamalitsa, kuchuluka kwa nyama kunayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono. Pofika 1994, panali ena pafupifupi 1000. Tsopano Ah, pali malo ambiri osungirako. Pakadali pano (koyambira kwa 2000s), ku malo osungira okhaokha alipo anthu pafupifupi 50.
Dzanja pachikhalidwe cha Madagascar
Dzanja laling'ono limayambitsa mantha mwamphamvu kwambiri ku Malgash. Amakhulupirira kuti munthu amene wapha mfuti adzafa osaposa chaka. Dzinalo lenileni mu chilankhulo cha Malgash sichikudziwika mpaka sayansi, chifukwa akuopa kutchula mokweza. Pazifukwa zomwezo, nyamayo siyinatchulidwe konse mu fuko la Malgash.
Kubwezeretsanso mikono ya Madagascar
Akazi amathanso kubereka kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ndipo nthawi iliyonse, yomwe sizingatheke chifukwa cha mandimu. Mzimayiyu walengeza kukonzekera kwake kutengera mawu ofuula ndi amuna ndi akazi onse amene amabwera kudzamuyitana.
Mimba imatenga masiku 170 mpaka 172, atabadwa mwana m'modzi yekhayo. Yaikazi imakonzera chisa chobiriwira chatsopano, chomwe khandalo silisiya pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Chakudya chaching'ono chimadyetsedwa mkaka wa amayi osachepera miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, koma ngakhale atasinthira kukhala "mkate waulere", umakhala pafupi ndi amayi ake kwa chaka china ndi theka. Nyama zimatha kutha msinkhu mu zaka 2-3.
Kutetezedwa kwa mkono wa Madagascar zachilengedwe
Dzanja lili pachiwopsezo ndipo lidalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Kupulumuka kwa mandimuwa mwachilengedwe kumawopsezedwa, choyambirira, ndi kudula mitengo. Anthu okhulupirira zamatsenga omwe amalingalira za ah-ah zaimfa za kufa ndikuyesera kupha pamsonkhano zimapweteketsanso malingaliro. Amavutikanso ndi alimi, paminda yomwe nyama zake zidzagwirako.
Panthaŵi inayake, dzanja laling'ono ngakhale limawonedwa ngati imodzi mwa zolengedwa zachilendo kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mwamwayi, kafukufuku wazaka zaposachedwa awonetsa kuti mkono ndiwofalikira kwambiri kuposa momwe umaganizira kale, ndipo chiwerengero cha ay-ai ndichulukirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya lemurs. Kuyesetsa kwakukulu koteteza zachilengedwe kumatipatsa chiyembekezo choti nyama yachilendo kwambiri imeneyi ipitirirabe padziko lapansi.
Habitat, malo okhala
Zoogeographically Madagascar mikono ili, pafupifupi, kudera lonse la Africa. Koma amakhala kumpoto kwa Madagascar kokha komwe kuli nkhalango zotentha. Nyama imakhala ndi moyo wosangalala usiku. Sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, motero masana dzanja laling'ono limabisa m'makona a mitengo. Nthawi zambiri masana amagona mwamtendere zisa zawo, kubisala mchira wawo.
Midzi yokhala ndi miyendo yokhala m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Sali okonda kusuntha, ndipo amachoka malo awo "okhazikika", pokhapokha pakufunika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali chiopsezo ku moyo kapena kutha kwa chakudya.
Madagascar Mpunga
Kuti tikwaniritse zosowa zofunika kuti tikule ndikukhala wathanzi, mkono wa Madagascar umafunikira chakudya chamafuta ndi mapuloteni. Kuthengo, pafupifupi ma kilocalories pafupifupi 240-342 omwe amamwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zakudya zokhazikika chaka chonse. Menyu muli ndi zipatso, mtedza ndi chomera exudates. Zipatso za mkate, nthochi, coconuts, ndi mtedza wa ramie amathanso kuchita bizinesi.
Amagwiritsa ntchito zala zawo zapadera podyetsa kubaya chigamba chakunja kwa zipatsozo ndikunyamula zomwe zili. Ma hand amapanga zipatso, kuphatikiza zipatso za mango ndi kanjedza a kokonati, pachimake pa bamboo ndi nzimbe, ndimakondanso kachilomboka. Ndi mano awo akuluakulu akutsogolo, amatafuna dzenje mu nati kapena tsinde la chomera kenako ndikusankha mnofu kapena tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa ndi chala chitalitali chachitatu cha burashi.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimadziwika pobala mikono. Mu malo osungira nyama, ndizosowa kwambiri. Apa amamwetsa mkaka, uchi, zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi mazira a mbalame. Manja ndiwosaloleka kulumikizidwa. Nthawi iliyonse ikamakula, zazikazi zimagonana ndi amuna opitilira amodzi, zomwe zimayimira kukhathamiritsa kwamitundu yambiri. Amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yokwatirana. Kuyang'aniridwa kuthengo kunawonetsa kuti kwa miyezi isanu, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Febere, anali akukhwima, kapena zikuwoneka zazikazi. Mkombero wachizimayi umawonedwa mosiyanasiyana kuyambira masiku 21 mpaka 65 ndipo umadziwika ndi kusintha kwa maliseche akunja. Zomwe, monga lamulo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono nthawi yokhazikika, koma zimakhala zazikulu komanso zofiira nthawi zonse.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Mimba imatenga masiku 152 mpaka 172, ndipo ana nthawi zambiri amabadwa pakati pa February ndi Seputembara. Pakati pa kubadwa pali gawo la zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chakuchepa pang'ono kwa nyama zazing'ono komanso kuchuluka kwakukula kwa makolo.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mikono yatsopano kumachokera ku 90 mpaka 140 g. Pakapita nthawi, imachulukana mpaka 2615 g kwa amuna ndi 2570 g kwa akazi. Makanda amaphimbidwa kale ndi ubweya, womwe ndi wofanana ndi utoto, koma amasiyana maonekedwe ndi makutu awo obiriwira. Makanda amakhalanso ndi mano a masamba, omwe amasintha ali ndi zaka 20 milungu.
Mikono imayenda pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi mamembala ena mkalasi. Kuwona zamtunduwu mchaka choyamba cha chitukuko kunawonetsa kuti achichepere amachoka chisa asanakwanitse milungu isanu ndi itatu. Amasinthana ndi chakudya cholimba pang'onopang'ono pamasabata 20, nthawi yomwe mano amkaka sanathere, ndikupemphabe chakudya kuchokera kwa makolo awo.
Izi zitha kupitiliza kumwa chifukwa mwina chifukwa chakudya kwawo. Ah achichepere, monga lamulo, mukwaniritse luso la achikulire ochita ntchito zamagalimoto pamiyezi 9 ya moyo. Ndipo kutha msinkhu amabwera zaka 2.5.
Adani achilengedwe
Njira yobisika yobisika yamatchire ku Madagascar yokhala ndi miyendo yozungulira imatanthawuza kuti, kwenikweni, ilibe adani ochepa achilengedwe m'malo mwake. Kuphatikiza njoka, mbalame zodyedwa ndi "osaka" ena, omwe nyama zazing'ono komanso zopezeka mosavuta zimakhala nyama, samuopa. M'malo mwake, anthu ndiye chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nyama iyi.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Umboniwo ndi kuchulukitsa kwa mikono chifukwa cha tsankho lopanda tsankho la nzika zomwe akukhulupirira kuti kuwona nyamayi ndi mbiri yoyipa, posachedwa yabweretsa mavuto.
M'madera ena omwe sanachite mantha, nyama izi zinagwidwa ngati chakudya. Choopsa chachikulu pakutha pa nthawi imeneyi ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala miyendo, kulengedwa kwa malo m'malo awa, omwe okhalamo amasaka kwawo kosangalatsa kapena ludzu la phindu. Kutchire, nkhwangwa ya ku Madagascar imatha kukhala zigwiriri za maenjewo, komanso imodzi mwa nyama zazikulu kwambiri ku Madagascar.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Aha-ah nyama zodabwitsa zomwe ndi mamembala ofunika a chilengedwe cha Chimalagasy. Dzanja lidalembedwa ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi kuyambira 1970s. Mu 1992, IUCN ikuyerekeza kuti anthu onse adzakhala pakati pa 1,000 ndi 10,000. Chiwonongeko chachangu cha malo awo achilengedwe chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa anthu ndicho chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mitunduyi.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
Kuphatikiza apo, nyamazo zimasakidwa ndi nzika zakomweko zomwe zimakhala pafupi, pomwe tawonapo tizirombo kapena mauthenga abwinobwino mwa iwo. Pakadali pano, nyamazo zimapezeka m'malo pafupifupi 16 otetezedwa kunja kwa Madagascar. Pakadali pano, akuchitapo kanthu kuti pakhale mtundu wina.
Malo okhala Habitat
Zoogeographic dera la mkono - Dziko la ku Africa. Nyamayi imangokhala m'nkhalango zotentha kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Madagascar. Ndiwokhalamo usiku ndipo sakonda kuwala kadzuwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amabisala paz korona zamitengo masana.
Ndi chifukwa cha moyo wamadzulo kuti mkono umakhala ndi maso akulu kwambiri amitundu yowala yachikaso kapena yobiriwira, yomwe imafanana ndi amphaka. Amagona masana m'maenje a mitengo kapena zisa zomangidwa zokha, zokutira ndi kubisala mchira wawo wautali komanso wosalala.
Amatsika kwambiri kawirikawiri, akumakhala nthawi yayikulu yonse panthambi. Chingwe chamoyo m'malo ochepa kwambiri, kumangosiyira kokha ngati chakudya chatha kapena, ngati m'malo awa, pali chiopsezo ku moyo wa ana ake.
Anthu okhala kuderako pachilumba cha Madagascar, amalagasy amawopa kwambiri mkono wofiirira. Pazikhulupiriro zawo, nyamayi imalumikizidwa ndi mizimu yoipa komanso ziwanda. Kunja, china chake komanso mtundu wa lemur wamtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi ziwanda zomwe zimapangidwa m'makatoni. M'malo amenewo, kuyambira kale kudakhulupirira kuti ngati Malagasy akumana ndi dzanja laling'ono kunkhalango, ndiye kuti patatha chaka chimodzi amwalira ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi ina izi zidapangitsa kuchotsedwa kwa nyama ya nyama iyi. Kuphatikiza apo, anyani olusa osadyedwa ndi nyama zodyedwa, zomwe zimangowona ngati chakudya chaanthu, zimathandizira kuti ziwonongeke. Chifukwa chake, mikono, pakupita nthawi, kumtunda ndi kumtunda kunakweza mitengo, kutali ndi nthaka.
Ndi chifukwa choopa kuunika zithunzi za mikono osati zochulukirapo, chifukwa usiku, zikagwira, muyenera kujambula zithunzi ndi kung'anima, komwe kumangoopseza nyamazo ndipo zimathawira mwachangu kumalo awo obisika.
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mitunduyi, si malo onse osungira nyama omwe ali ndi mkono ngati mkono wawung'ono. Inde, ndipo malo awo okhala ndizovuta kwambiri kuti apange malo osungirako zinyama, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuti muwone, chifukwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, amabisala ndikuwala masana, ndipo malo ambiri osamalira usiku samagwira ntchito usiku.
Kunyumba, kusunga lemur iyi ndizosatheka. Ngakhale zitakhala zovuta kuphunzitsira nyamayo kudya zipatso zosakhala bwino kwambiri ndikusintha kuti idye zakudya wamba wamba, ndiye kuti moyo wake wamadzulo sukopa ngakhale wokonda nyama.