Chilichonse chakhazikika mu mtundu uwu - mawonekedwe okoma, othamanga, mphamvu zobisika, kupirira kopambana, luso lodabwitsa lautumiki, mantha komanso kulimba mtima. Zonsezi ndi Doberman.
Pomwepo panali amisonkho. Ntchito, moona, siyabwino kwambiri. Maulendo pafupipafupi, okhometsa misonkho okwiya, kutumiza ndalama zambiri - zonsezi ankayenda ndi ntchito yake.
Kuda nkhawa za miyoyo yawo komanso chitetezo cha misonkho yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa, zikuwoneka kuti ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agalu akwiya okwiya achotse. Kuteteza ndikanakhoza, ndipo sikudafuna chisamaliro chambiri, ndipo nthawi idathandizira kupatula nthawi.
Zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito sizinali pachabe. Kulimbikira ndi kutsimikiza kwa obereketsa ophunzira omwe ali ndi luso anapatsa zotsatira. Mtundu wokhala ndi dzina loyambirira la Thuringian Pinscher wabadwa.
Anakwaniritsa cholinga chake. Kutchuka kwa agalu oopsa, olimba mtima kudutsa mzinda wawung'ono waku Germany wa Apold.
Izi ndizodabwitsa: dzina la mtunduwo limaperekedwa polemekeza munthu wapadera Friedrich Luis Dobermann. Amadziwika kuti adabzala mtundu uwu wa agalu, koma sizikudziwika kuti anali mitundu iti. Palibe zolemba zotsalira.
M'mawonekedwe, a Dobermans akhoza kulingaliridwa kuti magazi akumenya, kusaka, kuweta ndi agalu a ntchito akutuluka m'mitsempha yawo. Mitundu yomwe akuba yomwe idatenga nawo mbali pakusankhaku: German Pinscher, Weimaraner, Rottweiler, German Shepherd, Kurzhaar ngakhalenso Greyhound.
Zachidziwikire kuti magazi a pabowo adawonjezeredwa, monga kununkhira kwapadera kwa Doberman. Zotsatira za ntchito yokweza inali galu woyang'anira wabwino - mnzake yemwe amaphatikiza mphamvu, malingaliro, mantha komanso kukhulupirika.
Wopanga mtundu wa Doberman sanakhalepo ndi moyo kuti awone kuvomerezeka kwa mbuye wake. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Otto Geler adabweretsa mtunduwo kukhala wangwiro. Anapitiliza kulimbana ndi ntchito yobereketsa, kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa kukalipa ndi kusangalala kwa agalu.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mtundu wa mtundu, wotchedwa Doberman Pinscher, udavomerezedwa. Pambuyo pake, mu 1949 dzina Pincher adachotsedwa ndipo kuyambira pamenepo mtunduwo umangotchedwa Doberman. Ku United States of America, dzinali likadali chimodzimodzi mpaka pano, mtunduwu umatchedwa Doberman Pinscher.
Mitundu ya Doberman mwachangu adadziwika kuti anali wosadalirika pantchito yopanga.
Agalu adatengedwa kupita ku "service" mwa apolisi ndi asirikali onse. Adziwonetsa bwino ngati magazi, chifukwa cha makolo a osaka. Adagwira ntchito yayikulu ndi alonda. Adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oyang'anira.
Mbiri ya mtundu wofalitsayo wafalikira mpaka ku Germany. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito pafupifupi zamphamvu zonse zapadziko lapansi.
Lero mutha kumva malingaliro awiri za mtundu uwu. Kumbali imodzi - galu wokwiya, wankhanza, wosagwirizana. Komabe, galu womvera, wokwanira, komanso wochezeka yemwe saopa kusiya mwana.
Zonse zimatengera maphunziro. Zowonadi, mtunduwo uli ndi mkhalidwe wamakani. Koma uyu ndi galu, makolo ake ndi olusa, kuti akhale ndi moyo, amakakamizidwa kuwonetsa ukali. Ndipo pogwira ntchito ya munthu, ayenera kuwonetsa mawonekedwe awa posamala chinthu, ndipo amachigwiritsa ntchito pamenepa.
Ma Dobermans samangokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, amakhalanso anzeru kwambiri. Mwana wam'ng'ono nthawi yomweyo akufunika kuwonetsedwa yemwe mtsogoleri ali mgulupo, apo ayi iye atenga malo ake. Anthu opusa sayenera kutenga galu wotere, a Doberman amangophwanya ndi nzeru.
Kufotokozera za mikhalidwe ya kubereka
- Kunja - galu wokongola kwambiri wokhala ndi minofu yotchulidwa. Kutalika kwamphongo kwa amuna kumakhala kuyambira masentimita 68 mpaka 72, kulemera kwake ndi mpaka 45 makilogalamu, kulumikizana kumakhala kotsika: kuchokera pa 63 mpaka 68 cm, masekeli mpaka 35.
- Makutu okhazikika. Makutu ndi mchira wa agalu.
- Chingwe chokwanira mokwanira, chakuya mozama, chooneka, chokhala ndi kusintha pang'ono mpaka kupukutira kuchokera pamphumi.
- Maso owala pakatikati pafupi ndi mtundu wakuda.
- Chifuwa ndi chakuya komanso chachikulu.
- Mimba yayitali.
- Wamphamvu ngakhale kumbuyo.
- Mtundu wa thupi ndiwofanana.
- Mitundu yowuma kwambiri.
- Chophimbacho ndichachikulu, chachifupi, chosalala, chopanda undercoat.
Mtundu wa mtundu wa Doberman ndi wofiirira kapena wakuda wokhala ndi tan. Komanso, mawanga amtunduwu amapezeka m'malo ena a thupi la nyama. Koma, agalu amtundu wa chokoleti amakumana nthawi zambiri. Agalu amthunzi wamtambo, amakumbukiranso za mtundu wa weimaraner ndi albino, ndizosowa kwambiri.
Agalu amakhala zaka 16. Pali ana mpaka 12 kapena kupitirira apo mu zinyalala. Mwachilengedwe, galu nthawi zambiri amakhala wochezeka, koma salekerera alendo, amakhala wokayikira. Mwambiri, mokulira, kwa Doberman palibe wina koma banja lake. Amadzipereka mbuye wake mosasamala. Amakonda komanso amadziwa momwe angagwirire ntchito.
Kulera mwana wakhanda kuyenera kuyamba mofulumira. Galu amafuna kuyenda kwambiri. Timafunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mozama komanso kulimbitsa thupi pophunzitsa. Pakadali pano, a Dobermans amagwiritsidwabe ntchito onse m'magulu ankhondo apadziko lonse komanso magulu apolisi. Amagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri.
Masiku ano, mtundu wa Doberman ndi wothamanga bwino kwambiri. Mipikisano ya agalu monga agility yakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Uku ndikugonjetsa njira yolepheretsa. Ma Dobermans adziwonetsa okha pamasewera awa.
Obereketsa onse adziko lapansi amavomereza kuti palibenso mitundu ina yolimbana ndi chitetezo chamunthu kuposa Doberman. Mitundu ndi yodziwikiratu padziko lonse lapansi yothandiza anthu.
Pali mphekesera zambiri komanso nthano zambiri za agalu amtunduwu. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani yoti uyu ndiye galu wolusa kwambiri. Izi sizowona. Mphekesera zoterezi zimafaliridwa ndi anthu omwe samadziwa za mtundu uwu. Ndipo galu aliyense yemwe sanaleredwe bwino amatha kukhala galu wankhanza. Nthawi zambiri, mwiniwakeyo ndi amene amayambitsa izi.
Doberman galu wolondera komanso wolondera, koma galu wodziyendera bwino amateteza dera lake popanda kuvulaza alendo a mwini wake kapena mphaka yemwe mwangozi adalowa.
Pazaka khumi zapitazi, obereketsa asankha agalu kuti azisamba kokha ndi psyche yokhazikika. Galu wogulidwa kwa obereketsa osamala, oleredwa moyenera, wophunzitsidwa kuyambira mwana mpaka ana ndi nyama zina zazing'ono amakhala woteteza komanso wodalirika.
Onerani kanema wamtundu wanji wa "agalu" oyipa ", kusiya zomwe mukumva.
Kufotokozera za mtundu wa Doberman
Banja: Zabwino kwambiri.
Malo Oyambirira: Germany
Zinthu za mtundu: imagwira ntchito yaoteteza, yoteteza.
Kukula kwa amuna: Masentimita 68.5. Kupatuka mozama kuchokera pamitundu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa kudzatengedwa ngati kubwezera.
Kukula kwa akazi: 65 cm.
Mtengo wa mwana wamkazi: Mtengo umasiyanasiyana ma ruble 15 mpaka 40, chifukwa ma pedigree kwambiri amatha kufikira ma ruble 70-90,000.
Mayina ena: Doberman Pinscher.
Agalu okhudzana ndi mtundu wa Doberman: M'busa wa Anatolian, Galu Wam'makomo wa Bernese, Boxer, ng'ombe zam'madzi, chimbudzi chachikulu, galu wamkulu waku Swiss, agulugufe, newfoundland, rottweiler, bernard Woyera.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Ubwino wa mtundu:
- Mopanda mantha.
- Kuyang'anira.
- Woperekedwa.
- Anzeru.
- Mlonda wangwiro.
- Galu ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso okongola kwambiri.
- Tsitsi lalifupi silibweretsa mavuto akulu ndikusiya kwake.
Mavuto:
- Ozizira komanso opanda chidwi kwa onse koma eni ake.
- Pankhondo pafupifupi amapambana.
- Galu amawopa nyengo yozizira; akasungidwa kunja, chipinda chofunda ndi chotenthetsera chimafunika.
Mulingo wakubala
Mphamvu
Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
Kusewera
Kukonda
Ubwenzi wa galu
Ubwenzi wa ziweto zina
Ubwenzi kwa alendo
Kuchepetsa kuphunzira
Mwayi wowonera
Kuteteza
Chisamaliro
Kulekerera kwazovuta
Kulekerera kwambiri kutentha
Makhalidwe a Doberman
Doberman ndi mlonda watcheru komanso wamphamvu, ngakhale amakonda kulawirira kutentha pafupi ndi poyatsira moto kapena chotenthetsera, ali wokonzeka kupereka moyo wake chifukwa cha eni. Doberman amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa agalu olondera ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuthana ndi aliyense wotsutsana naye.
Amadzikuza, chifukwa amakhala ndi chisomo komanso mawonekedwe, koma amatenga ntchito yake mokwanira ndipo atha kugwiranso galu wosaka bwino.
Mitundu yotsatirayi imakhala alonda abwino:
Izi agalu sangateteze gawo lokhalo, komanso mwiniwake ndi abale ake. Mbusayo amaonedwa kuti ndi mtundu wa padziko lonse lapansi.
Kubadwira agalu akulu akulu. Nyama izi ndi zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu. Zoyenera kwambiri kutetezedwa pabwalo, koma ndi maphunziro oyenera, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwenzi la munthu.
Alabai adzakhala anzanu pokhapokha ndi omwe amawalemekeza komanso kuwakonda. Izi zimakonda kubwezera ndipo sizilekerera ziwawa zamthupi.
Mitunduyo ili maso komanso itcheru. Mitundu imakhala yomvera, yopanda chidwi. Kulera mnzanu wamiyendo inayi muyenera kuthana ndi mwana wamkazi. Rottweiler amalakalaka utsogoleri. Rottweiler wophunzitsidwa bwino amakhala chitetezo chokwanira cha mwini ndi banja lake.
Agalu a mtundu uwu sakonda alendo, amawakwiyira. Kwa eni ake komanso anthu omwe amamuzungulira ndikumusamalira, Moscow ikhoza kukhala bwenzi labwino.
Ndiopanda mantha, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali pachiwopsezo chopha anthu, amathamangira kukateteza mwiniyo ndi banja lake.
Ndi kukula kwake kokha, a Bern Bernards amalimbikitsa mantha akuba, koma, ngakhale kukula kwake, agalu awa ali ndi mtima wokoma mtima kwambiri. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo ndi chikondi chawo chopanda malire. Ali ndi mawonekedwe odekha. Galu samagwira ntchito kwambiri, koyenera okalamba ndikukhala m'nyumba.
Mtunduwu sulekerera kutentha ndipo umakonda kuchita mantha. Ndikofunikira kuti St. Bernard avomerezedwe ngati membala wabanja.
Mtundu womwe umaphunzira mwachangu kwambiri. Wokhulupirika Dobermans amapitilira. Ngati mwini wake amakonda kwambiri chiweto chake, sayenera kuda nkhawa za kukhulupirika kwa galu.
Dobermans ndi ochezeka, koma samalani osawadziwa. Osalolera kusungulumwa. Chifukwa cha chidwi chawo, samateteza, komanso amawonanso zochitika zowopsa.
Mitundu yonse yomwe amasankha, agalu onse popanda zosowa zina kukonda ndi ulemu .
Kuti muyambe kulera nyama muyenera kuyambira wachinyamata kuti mupewe vuto lomwe ziweto zimatsogolera mwini. Izi zimatha kubweretsa zochitika zosasangalatsa komanso zowopsa. Galu ndi udindo, koma bwenzi lokhulupirika komanso chitetezo chabwino.
Samalani bwino
Ndili ndi Doberman wazaka 4, adakali wamng'ono kwambiri, mwana wanga wamkazi amafunitsitsadi Doberman, anali ambuye wake, koma tsopano adapita kukaphunzira mumzinda wina. Galu wathu adakhala ndi ine. Tili ndi Dobermanchik pazaka 1 zakubadwa, tili osakonzeka, makamaka osagwirizana ndi malamulo akuti "khalani kunama pafupi ndi ine". Koma mikhalidwe yamkati ya mlonda ilipo. Posachedwa ndidayandikira kutsinje la mtsinje kuti ndipumule, kugona pansi chopukutira, kotero galu wanga wachichepere amayenda mozungulira pamayendedwe a mamita 3-4 ndipo sindinalole aliyense kulowa, akumangokhala chete osadziwa alendo akamayandikira, ndinangogona. Palibe amene anaphunzitsa izi. chowonadi chakhazikika kunyumba ndekha ndikakhala kuntchito, koma sizimawononga chilichonse, ali mwana, wawononga chitseko, chifukwa sitingakhale ndekha, sanadziwe zovuta za kuchimbudzi, zikuwoneka kuti tinamuthamangitsa kuchokera kumzinda wina pagalimoto, ndipo atangosuntha ndikutembenuka tidayimilira ndikumutulutsa mumsewu, atafika adapempha kuti atuluke kunja, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira idali yovuta usiku nyamuka ndi kupita kunja nthawi zambiri, pang'onopang'ono nthawi ikukulira. koma sipanakhalepo "momwe" kapena "pis". Wokhulupirika kwambiri kwa eni ake, komanso pali zovuta pagalu lathu
1. ngati munthu wina akuyesa, popanda chilolezo, kuti alowe m'gawo lanu, galu wathu pokhapokha osachenjeza amangokhalira kulowerera. Pankhaniyi, ndimayambitsa munthu watsopano, kenako ndikubweretsa galu ndikuwonetsa munthu, Artusha akuwombera, ndiye kuti adzakondwera ndi munthu watsopano ndikukhala ngati mphaka. zazikulu kwambiri
2 mumsewu, samawombera anthu, pokhapokha ngati munthuyu saletsa njira yanga komanso osagwedeza manja ake, kuyesera kundipweteketsa, akuyenera kuwongolera timagulu nthawi zonse, kutsatira malamulo a Artusha samalabadira agalu ena kapena amphaka kapena anthu. Chifukwa chake, kuthamangitsa pang'ono muyenera kupita kunja kwa mzinda kupita kuminda
3 owopa kwambiri kuyendetsa galimoto, palibe chomwe chimathandiza, ndipo amayenera kukwera galu m'malo oyaka
ndiye, ndakhala ndikuwopa kwambiri mtundu uwu, koma pakali pano ndikusangalala kwambiri, sikungokhala pachabe, woteteza kubadwayo popanda maphunziro apadera.
panali milandu ndikalowa mchipinda, ndikumanga galu pakhomo lolowera muzzle, kotero adayambitsa munthu wachilendo. koma sanamulole kupita mpaka ndinayamba kuwawa, ngakhale bamboyo adayesetsa kumumenya ndikumumenya (pambuyo pake, adapeza kuti galuyo anali ndi ululu wam'mbali) adadziponya osamuleka
Khadi lazokolola
- Mayina odziwika bwino: Dobermann Pinscher, Thuringian Pinscher, Dobermann
- Nambala ya mtundu wa FCI: 143
- Zoyenera patsamba la FCI: cholumikizira
- Kukula kufota: amuna - mpaka 72 cm, chachikazi - mpaka 68 cm
- Kulemera kwa galu wamkulu: Amuna - mpaka makilogalamu 45, mabatani - mpaka 35 makilogalamu
- Zosankha zamitundu: chakuda kapena chofiirira
- Kutalika kwa moyo: mpaka zaka 12-15
- Mtengo wa mwana wamkazi: kuchokera 250 mpaka 750 dollars
- Kukula: 4 mwa 5
- Kuphunzira: 5 mwa 5
- Maganizo a ana: 5 mwa 5
- Molting mwamphamvu: 2 mwa 5
- Makhalidwe oteteza komanso owonera: 5 mwa 5
Makhalidwe obadwa
Dzina loyambirira la mtunduwu ndi Zitsamba za Thuringian . Ndi dzina la boma ku Germany, komwe amachokera. Pambuyo pake - Doberman Pinscher. Masiku ano, mayina awa sagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa amatha ntchito. Amitundu adalandira dzina lake lamakono kuchokera kwa dzina la obereketsa woyamba.
FCI mtundu wamba: Nambala 143
Mtundu wa Doberman umatanthawuza nyama yolimba komanso yolimba, yochepa thupi, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe onyada, tsitsi lalifupi komanso ntchito yabwino. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, muyezo wasintha pang'ono pang'ono ndi nthawi. Poyamba, agalu awa anali ndi zinthu zambiri zama minofu komanso zolemera Rottweilers. Koma zokongola zokongoletsa zidasintha, ndipo pang'onopang'ono adapeza mawonekedwe okongola, ozindikirika omwe timawadziwa. Nthawi yomweyo, nzeru za nyama nthawi zonse zimaperekedwa chidwi.
Doberman ndi chisankho chabwino ngati mukufuna bwenzi lodalirika komanso lanzeru, osati galu woseweretsa.
Chiyambi, mbiri yakale, chilengedwe
Agalu Doberman ngati mtundu adapangidwa ku Germany kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX. Koma pamenepo amatchedwa bati la Thuringian, lotchedwa malo a Thuringia, pomwe Frederick Louis Dobermann anali kuchita nawo ntchito yoswana.
Ngakhale kuti mapangidwe amtunduwu ndi aposachedwa, zambiri zolondola zakomwe zimaswana. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kubereka kwa Doberman sizinalembedwe kwina kulikonse, ndiye kuti galuyo adakhazikitsidwa pakuyerekeza ndi kufanana kwake ndi mitundu ina.
Lingaliro lobweretsa galu wogwira ntchito yoyenera adabwera kwa Doberman pomwe iye, akugwira ntchito ngati wapolisi usiku komanso wokhometsa msonkho, adazindikira kuti palibe mtundu umodzi womwe umakwaniritsa zofuna zake. Adalota galu wolimba, wanzeru, komanso wanzeru wautali komanso wokhala ndi tsitsi losalala.
Fryrich Louis Doberman anali wokhazikika pamawonetsero agalu, pomwe amafunafuna nyama zomwe zingakhale chiyambi cha mtundu wa maloto ake. Amaganiziridwa kuti koyambirira, agalu abusa monga agalu abusa - makolo a Beaucerons, Old Germany Pinschers, agalu ophwanya - makolo a a Rottweilers, adagwiritsidwa ntchito powoloka. Koma iyi si mndandanda wonse. Ofufuzawo akuphatikizapo Great Dane, mastiff achingerezi, Pointer, Greyhound, Gordon Setter. Mpikisano wotsutsana kuti ndani ndi kholo la mtundu wabwinobwino waubwino sunayime mpaka pano.
Doberman ndiye gawo la zabwino zomwe amabadwa nazo mu mitundu yambiri:
- utoto ndi kutalika kwa tsambalo mwina ndi zochokera kuchitsulo chosalala.
- pentotype ndi mkhondo omenyera - ochokera kwa Rottweiler,
- machitidwe abusa - kuchokera kwa agalu abusa,
- chikondi cha kusaka ndi chibadidwe chimachokera ku kusaka nyama.
Dongosolo loyambirira la mtunduwu mu 1894 lidasinthidwa kukhala "Doberman Pinscher," ndipo mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20 mtundu wotsiriza wa Doberman unadziwika.
Kukula kukula, kulemera ndi kutalika
Doberman imatha kutengedwa ngati muyeso wa galu wolimbitsa thupi. Kukula kwapakatikati, kotakata, ndi minofu yotchulidwa, yofotokozedwa bwino, akudzala monyadira mutu wake pakhosi lalitali. Nyama zamtunduwu zomwe zimawoneka bwino zimawoneka bwino kwambiri mawonekedwe, kuthamanga komanso kukhala maso.
Muyezo umaganiza kuti mu amuna kutalika kwa kufota kumayambira 68 mpaka 72 cm, mwa atsikana - kuchokera pa 63 mpaka 68. Kulemera kwake ndi 40-45 ndipo pafupifupi 32-35 mwa amuna ndi mphaka, motsatana. Kumanga kuli pafupifupi.
Mitundu yotheka
Poyamba, mtundu wa ma Dobermans amayenera kukhala amodzi okha - wakuda ndi tani. Koma lero, muyezo umaphatikizapo mitundu inayi ya utoto.
Mitundu wamba ya Doberman:
- Blue Doberman yokhala ndi tan
Kusintha monga: Doberman albino (oyera Doberman) ndizothekanso.
Kulemera kwa mwana wamkazi pachaka
Ana agalu amakula msanga. Pakutha kwa mwezi, mwanayo akulemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu anayi.
- pa miyezi iwiri - 8,7 kg.
- pa miyezi 3 - 14 makilogalamu.
- pa miyezi 4 - 18,5 makilogalamu.
- pa miyezi isanu - 22,5 kg.
- pa miyezi 6 - 26 kg.
- pa miyezi 7 - 27,8 kg.
- pa miyezi 8 - 29,5 kg.
- pa miyezi 9 - 31.2 kg.
- pa miyezi 10 - 33 kg.
- pa miyezi 11 - 34 makilogalamu.
- Dobermans wazaka chimodzi amapeza 35 kg.
Mabatani ndi ochepa. Pofika mwezi woyamba, kulemera kwawo kumayenera kukhala 3.5 kg. Pambuyo pake, amakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa anyamata, ndipo galu wazaka chimodzi amalemera pafupifupi 29-30 kg.
Kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi zambiri, oimira mtunduwu amakhala pazabwino zaka 12, oleza - 15. Koma zambiri zimatengera cholowa cha chiwetocho komanso momwe angamangidwire.
Amakhulupirira kuti onse a Dobermans popanda kupatula ali ndi matenda amtima ndipo samakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuposa zaka 8-9. Izi ndizolakwika kwathunthu. Kudyetsa moyenera, chisamaliro chokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndiko kupewa bwino kwambiri kwa matenda aliwonse komanso kumatsimikizira kuti moyo wanu wautali ndi wabwino.
Mbiri yakubadwa
Matendawa adawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 900, ku Germany. Woweta woyamba anali Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, mbadwa ya ku Thuringia. Woweta sanatchulepo polemba mbiri yakale ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, tsopano titha kungoganiza kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe idatenga nawo gawo pakubadwa kwa Thuringian Pinscher.
Fryrich Dobermann anali wokhometsa msonkho, amagwira ntchito apolisi. Ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti mikhalidwe yomwe amafuna kuti adzaone mu galu wogwira ntchito yekha anali luntha, kupirira, kukhala tcheru, kupirira komanso kuthekera kwabwino koteteza. Anayamba kugwira ntchito yopanga mtundu watsopano mu 1880.
Pambuyo pakufa kwa woyamba kubzala, woperekera zitsamba za Thuringian adamupatsa dzina. Tsopano amatchedwa Doberman Pinscher.
Pali lingaliro loti agalu ngati a Dobermans analipo kale mu 1880, koma samadziwika pang'ono kunja kwa Thuringia. Mulimonsemo, anali Karl Dobermann amene amachotsa khola ndi kulemekeza mtunduwo, ndikuyika mikhalidwe yonse yapadera yomwe imasiyanitsa agalu awa ndi abale awo.
Otto Geller adalandila mpikisano wosankha mtundu. Kupereka kwake kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito pa ziweto ndikusintha kwa mawonekedwe awo. Poyamba anali wankhanza komanso wankhanza - Ma Dobermans-zikhomo adakhala odekha komanso omvera. Mukukhalabe wokhoza kuphunzitsa, kulimba mtima ndikudzipereka. Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe iyi, mtundu omwe ali pagululi tsopano watchuka kwambiri ku Germany.
Pa Ogasiti 27, 1899, mtunduwu udadziwika kuti ndi boma ndipo gulu lapa mzinda lokonda nyama izi lidatsegulidwa, lomwe patapita chaka lidakhala ladziko lonse. Mu 1949, a Doberman sanatchulidwenso kuti ndi pincher, ndipo dzina lamakono linakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pake.
Khalidwe
Doberman amasiyanitsidwa ndi nzeru zapamwamba komanso kudzipereka kopanda malire kwa mbuye wake, nyumba ndi banja, alinso woteteza kwambiri. Izi ndi nyama zochezeka komanso zamphamvu.
Nyama izi zimayenderana ndi ana ndi ziweto zina. Chofunika kwambiri pamakhalidwe awo ndikukhazikitsa malire a "bwenzi kapena mdani". Ozungulira "abwenzi" ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo galuyo amamuchenjeza mlendo aliyense kuchokera kumbali, osataya nthawi yachiwiri. Kuwonetsedwa pang'ono kwaukali "mlendo" - ndipo Doberman adzathamangira kumtetezi.
Ziweto zamtunduwu siziyenera kuyambitsidwa ngati simukutsimikiza zaukadaulo wanu, wamakhalidwe olimba. Nyama ndizovuta. Nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukondweretsa mwini, koma amafunika kuwongoleredwa ndi dzanja lolimba. Nthawi yomweyo, a Dobermans akuyembekezera ulemu, chidwi, kudalirika kwa munthu wawo. Monga lamulo, agalu achimuna amakhala ouma khosi ndipo amakonda kuyesa kutchuka kuposa atsikana.
Kuphunzira
Doberman idaweta ngati galu wothandizira, kotero kuti luso la kuphunzira lidayikidwa mu mtundu poyamba. Anzeru komanso oganiza bwino, poyankha mwachangu, agaluwa amangopangidwira kuphunzitsidwa.
Kuthekera kwakukulu kumalola agalu kuti aphunzire magulu atsopano nthawi zambiri kuchokera gawo loyamba lophunzitsira. Kuzindikira kwa maluso a luntha kungatchulidwe kofunikira kwa Doberman, popanda iwo kuphonya, mikhalidwe yake imayipa.
Kutha kuphunzira bwino kumakuthandizani kuti muwatsogolere iwo mwapadera, komwe ndiko cholinga chanu. Galu amatha kukhala wotetezeka kwambiri, komanso galu wothandizira komanso wachibale.
Maganizo a ana
Doberman, wophunzitsidwa bwino komanso maphunziro, ndi galu wabwino kwambiri wabanja. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi wosewera naye (makamaka, timatanthawuza ana okalamba). Doberman ndi mwana adzakhala abwenzi abwino.
Galuyo ndiwofunikiranso mabanja omwe ali ndi ana - kukhulupirika kwake kopanda "paketi" yake sikungalole kuvulaza mwana. Koma - nyama iyenera kuphunzira, kuphunzitsa ndikumva dzanja la mbuye wake, chisamaliro ndi ulemu kwa mamembala. Ngati simungathe kupereka chisamaliro cha chiweto chomwe chikufunika, ndibwino kuyembekezera kukhazikitsa kunyumba.
Makhalidwe oteteza komanso owonera
Chinyama ichi ndi walonda wobadwa. Kukhulupirika kopanda malire, luntha, kuwunika mwachangu komanso kusawopa kumamulola kuti athe kuyang'ana momwe zinthu ziliri ndikuchitapo kanthu. Agaluwa amakhala okonzeka kuteteza ndi kuteteza “gulu” lake ndi gawo lake. Makhalidwewa amakonzedwa makamaka mwa zingwe.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti oimira ichi chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuwunika machitidwe ake, mayendedwe ake, mayendedwe ake - pafupifupi malingaliro a anthu.
Amatha kuzindikira zomwe zikuwopseza ndikukweza alamu. Chodziwikiratu kwa iwo ndi lingaliro kuti munthu aliyense yemwe sakhala wabanja akhoza kukhala mdani. Chifukwa chake, a Dobermans amayang'anira aliyense amene akuwoneka mnyumba yawo, mozungulira kulumikizana kwa eni ake, ndipo ali okonzeka kuyankha kuwonetseredwa kulikonse
Panyengo yathu, kuli bwino kusunga nyama ya shorthair, mwachidziwikire, m'nyumba. Pakuyenda kuzizira, angafune zovala.
Doberman mu nyumba sangachititse kuwomba, malinga ngati zolimbitsa thupi zimakwaniritsidwa bwino pakuyenda. Koma, zowona, simuyenera kusiya agalu awa okha kwa nthawi yayitali ndikukhala opanda ntchito - kuchokera ku kusungulumwa komanso kufunika kosuntha, amatha kuyambitsa mavuto kunyumba.
Kufunika kolimbitsa thupi
Ma Dobermans amagwira ntchito kwambiri. Kufunika koyenda - osachepera kawiri pa tsiku, komanso pafupifupi ola limodzi. Mwambiri, nthawi zambiri mukamayenda, kusewera ndi kuthamanga, zimakhala moyenera komanso zosavuta kuphunzitsa chikhalidwe cha chilombo. Dobermans sayenera wotopetsa.
Doberman sangakhale pachiwopsezo cha mipando ndi zinthu m'nyumba yanu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti azichita zolimbitsa thupi mokwanira.
Nthawi yapakati, kuyamwa kumafunika kuyenda nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi kawiri. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyenera kuwerengedwa malinga ndi thanzi la chiweto chanu. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa katundu wambiri, koma kuyenda ndikuyenda mokwanira ndikofunikira kuti iye akule bwino. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ma licking lactating, ngakhale kwa iwo, kuyenda kwakutali sikofunikira kwambiri - mayi adzafunitsitsa ana. Ndikwabwino kuti achepetse nthawi yoyenda, ndikuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwawo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Choyamba, muyenera kukonza malo osungirako chakudya. Mbale ziwiri za enamelling kapena nickel, imodzi mwa iyo (pafupipafupi!) Ili ndi madzi. Mbale zimayikidwa pachimake - izi zimatsimikizira kukula koyenera kwa msana, kukhazikika, minofu yakhosi. Utali umasintha galu akamakula.
Ana agalu amadyetsedwa katatu pa tsiku kwa miyezi iwiri, ndiye mwezi uliwonse kuchuluka kwa zakudya kumatsika, ndipo pakatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu, chakudya chimakhala chambiri. Gawo liyenera kudyedwa mu kotala la ora - siliyenera kuthana ndi agalu ocheperawa, oyenda. Momwe mungadyetsere Doberman ndi funso losavuta - maziko a chakudya ndi mapuloteni. Nyama - pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse. Ndikwabwino kupatsa nyama yambewu yodula, kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndi tchizi chokoleti, chimanga, masamba (makamaka komanso zosaphika), nsomba yophika. Kuti mukule ndikuyeretsa mano, mafupa amafunikira - cartilage kapena shuga, koma osati tubular.
Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu ndizotheka, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zotupa pachimake. Komabe, sizikhala choncho nthawi zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amatanthauza zinthu zamtundu wa zipatso monga zipatso.
Matenda a mtundu uwu
Kwa thanzi la galu, cholowa m'malo mwake komanso chisamaliro choyenera ndikuchisamalira ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Matenda ofala kwambiri a Dobermans:
- dysplasia m'chiuno,
- kupindika m'matumbo
- ellen dysplasia,
- cardiomyopathy
- kukakamira kwa khomo lachiberekero,
- melanoma
- hypothyroidism
- matenda a Willebrand
- lipoma
- cutaneous histiocytoma,
- mphira
- fibrosarcoma
- cholowa
- kuwonongeka kwa tsitsi
- matenda ashuga
- aakulu a chiwindi.
Kugula mwana wa ana
Mtengo wa ana agalu a Doberman umachokera ku 250 mpaka 750 dollars. Popanda zikwatu zonse, mutha kuzigula ndi manja anu kuti muchepetse ndalama zochepa, koma ndizochulukirapo chiopsezo chotenga nyama yosakhala yodetsedwa yokhala ndi chikhalidwe chosasinthika, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta pakukweza mwana wa Doberman.
Pogula mwana wa ana, samalani kwambiri ndi iye, mkhalidwe waumoyo wa makolo, matenda awo. Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kofalitsa matenda ena ndikuwakonda kulandira.
Zovuta komanso mawonekedwe amtunduwo
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa makutu a Doberman ndikofunikira kwambiri komanso kovuta mu moyo wa galu ndi mwini wake, munthawi imeneyi kusamaliridwa kwa Doberman kudzakhala kofunikira, makutu okhazikika kapena otsegulidwa kungayambitse kuti mtsogolomo zingathe kuwononga mawonekedwe onse agalu. Kupangitsa moyo wanu kukhala wosavuta, ndibwino kutembenukira kwa munthu yemwe adzakuthandizirani ndi funso la momwe mungatseke makutu a Doberman ndikugula chimango cha makutu, kukhazikikanso komweku ndikulongosola momwe makutu angakhalire bwino pakagwiritsidwe kake ntchito.
Matenda
Matenda a Dobermans amayamba chifukwa cha kupunduka kwa majini. Galu wathanzi amatha kukhala ndi zaka 16. Ntchito ya mwini wake ndikubweretsa pafupipafupi kwa veterinarian. Galu angapezeke ndi:
- Ziwengo fumbi, mungu, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zilonda pakhungu.
- Matenda a mtima dongosolo: tachycardia, arrhythmia, mtima kulephera, mtima matenda. Ngati galu amavutika kupuma, mavuto ndi moyenera, ngakhale kugwa poyenda, ndiye muyenera kuwonetsa kwa veterinarian, izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda amtima.
- Matendawa. Pakati pawo - kupweteka m'mimbaKhalidwe la agalu onse okhala ndi mawere onse. Zakudya zopanda thanzi zimangoyambitsa vuto. Ngati matendawa achitika, ndiye kuti a Doberman amayamba kuchita mantha, amakhala atatupa ndi kusanza, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba.
- Natcolepsy yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi chisokonezo cha kugona, kuchepa kwa minofu kamvekedwe pambuyo pakuyenda kathanzi kapena masewera akunja.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Doberman yaying'ono ikawonekera mnyumba, kusamalira ana agalu kumatenga nthawi yochulukirapo ndi mwiniwake komanso abale ake. Ngati m'nyumba muli ana aang'ono, ayenera kuchotsedwa kwa ana kuti asamuvulaze. Ngakhale akulu ayenera kukweza Doberman, osati ndi dzanja limodzi, koma ndi awiri: pansi pa chifuwa ndi kumbuyo kwamiyendo yakumaso. Izi zimuteteza ku kugwa mwangozi.
Atakhala m'malo osazolowereka, olekanitsidwa ndi amayi ake, mwana wa galu amalira mausiku angapo. Akatswiri amalangizira ngakhale pamkhalidwe wotere kuti amugone, chifukwa ndiye zimakhala zovuta kusiya kuyamwa. Pali njira yochotsera izi: Ndikofunika kuyika botolo lamadzi otentha lomwe lakulungidwa mu bulangeti la ubweya kuchokera kumphepete mwa mwana wa mwana. Chotupa chotentha ichi chidzakumbutsa Doberman chisangalalo cha amayi ake.
Galuyo ndiwofunikira bwino kuti azikhala mu nyumba komanso nyumba, ndipo ngakhale anali kuchita "zinthu zambiri" zomwe makolo akale adachita, a Doberman ndi galu wabwino kwambiri.
Kusamalira munthu wamkulu wa Doberman kumafuna kosavuta. Galu wokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi amafunika kumametedwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi burashi wapadera kapena chotupa cha mphira kuti achotse tsitsi lakufa. Agalu ayenera kumatsuka miyezi itatu iliyonse, kupukuta tsitsi lawo ndi thaulo.
Njira zaukhondo pafupipafupi zimaphatikizapo kudula, kusanthula, ndi kutsuka makutu, maso, ndi mano. Nthawi zambiri makutu ndi mchira umayimitsidwa ku Dobermans, zomwe zimapangitsa chisamaliro chambiri.
Doberman amafunikira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono sikuli kwa iye, masewera okha akunja, maphunziro omwe angakwaniritse chosowa chake pakuyenda. Galu akuopa chisanu champhamvu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti galuyo, makamaka ali mwana, sagona pansi ozizira. Ngati Doberman imasungidwa mu aviary, ndiye kuti iyenera kukhala mumthunzi. Kuyenda mukutentha kwambiri kuyeneranso kutsutsidwa.
Kulera ndi kuphunzitsa
Kulera Doberman ndi njira yofunikira yomwe iyenera kulumikizidwa kwambiri ndi socialization. Popeza kuwoneka kwa mwana wogalu mnyumbamo, muyenera kumuthandiza mosalekeza kwa achibale, alendo, alendo. Galu ayenera kulumikizana ndi nyama ndi agalu ena akuyenda. Mwini wa Doberman ayenera kumulimbikitsa kumadera osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, zoyendera pagulu, gulu la anthu. Umu ndi momwe galu amaphunzirira kucheza modekha ndi ena, osawonetsa mkwiyo.
Ma Dobermans ali ndi luntha lophunzitsidwa bwino, kotero ndikosavuta kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzitsa. Pokambirana ndi galu, chilango, kupsa mtima, ndi mkwiyo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa zimatha kusiyanitsa chiweto ndi mwiniwake ndikuyambitsa chidaliro.
Kwa eni osadziwa zambiri, kuphunzitsa agalu kumakhala kovuta, chifukwa chake ndibwino kutembenukira ku thandizo la akatswiri, chifukwa zolakwitsa zamaphunziro zingayambitse galu wosalamulirika, wankhanza kuti awonekere mnyumba, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwa ena.
Kwa mtundu wa Doberman, kuphunzitsidwa ndikofunikira kuti kukhale kopindulitsa. Pokhala galu wothandizira, wozolowera kugwira ntchito zovuta pamodzi ndi munthu, amafunika kuwongolera mwaluso ndi kuwongolera kwa eni ake omwe ali ndi udindo.
Akatswiri amapereka malamulo angapo omwe angakupatseni mwayi wolera galu m'njira yoyenera:
- Ngati ogona a Doberman ali pamalo pafupi ndi bedi la master, ndiye izi ndizodabwitsa. Izi zimabweretsa pafupi ndi mwini wake ndi chiweto, koma simuyenera kumulola kupita pakama kapena pa sofa.
- Simungadyetse galu kuchokera pagome, izi zidzatsogolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa chikhalidwe choyipa. Pali lingaliro limodzi linanso: galu amayenera kuchita modekha kuti mwininyumbayo atenga mbale ya chakudya nthawi iliyonse.
- Mu maphunziro a Doberman, kusinthana ndikofunikira. Onse m'banjamo ayenera kutsatira malamulo amodzi ndi zomwe amafunika kuchita agalu. "Miyezo iwiri" ikhoza kuwononga mawonekedwe a chiweto.
Mmanja mwa mwini waluso, a Doberman amaphunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino komanso ochitapo kanthu mwachangu.
Ana
Ana agalu a Doberman amapezeka akugulitsa kuyambira wazaka 1.5 kapena 2,5, kutengera malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu kennel. Poyambirira, mavuto onse okhala ndi kuletsa kwa khutu komanso chisamaliro cha opaleshoni yotsala pambuyo pake amagwera mwiniwake watsopanoyo. Muyenera kudziwa kuti kuyimilira si njira yovomerezeka, popeza muyezo watsopanowo umawonetsetsa kuti makutu autali ndi mchira ndi chizolowezi. Koma kuyambira pachikumbukiro, kufupikitsa mchira ndi makutu kumapereka galu chisomo chapadera.
Pogula mwana, muziganizira za maonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe chake. Little Doberman ayenera kukhala wogwira ntchito, woipa. Ili ndi thupi lalikulu pafupifupi lalikulu, khosi lofotokozedwa bwino, chibwano ndi kupukutira komwe kuli nsagwada zazikulu, maso akuda, kuzungulira ndi ma tambo otambalala.
M'masiku oyamba osasiya mwana wa galu yekha, zimamupsinjitsa. Nyamula ku nazale sabata isanathe - yangwiro. Galuyo azigwirizana kwambiri ndi mwiniwakeyo kwa masiku angapo, azolowere zatsopano zomwe amayang'aniridwa. Kuti mwana wa Doberman asatope, muyenera kutola kena kake ku nazale ndi kununkhira kwa amayi ake.
Thanzi lam'maganizo la mwana wa galu ndiye chinsinsi chamakhalidwe abwino komanso chikhalidwe chabwino. Kuti galu akule bwino, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chikhalidwe chake posachedwa. Ana agalu amayenera kukumana ndi anthu atsopano ndi nyama, adzipeza nthawi yachilendo. Ofufuza a Dobermann adawona kuti masabata asanu oyamba a ana agalu akukulira kwambiri, ndi munthawi imeneyi pomwe maziko a mawonekedwe amayalidwa. Ngati munthu samalumikizana ndi ana agalu panthawiyi, galu amakhala wamantha komanso wamantha m'tsogolo, ndipo kuwongolera machitidwe ndi machitidwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Kodi mtengo wa doberman umawononga ndalama zingati? Mtengo wa ana agalu umadalira kalasi yawo, mtengo wamtundu wa tsambalo ndi malo omwe obereketsa amakhalira. Malinga ndi zolengeza zachinsinsi, mutha kugula Doberman pafupifupi ma ruble 8,000, mwachidziwikire, palibe chifukwa chazomwe zimapezekera zikalata za galu.
Ngakhale chiwerengero chachikulu cha nazale ndi kutchuka kwa mtundu wa Doberman, mtengo kwa iwo ndiwokwera kwambiri. Ngati mungaganize zogula mwana wa galu ndimalemba onse ofunikira, muyenera kuyang'ana pamtengo wamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku ruble 15 mpaka 50,000.
Ana agalu oweta nyama, osaloledwa kubereka, pazifukwa zina osakhala ndi mwayi wochita nawo ziwonetsero, mtengo kuchokera pa ruble 15 mpaka 23,000.
Oimira kalasi ya brid, omwe akuwonetsedweratu kuswana ndikuwonetsa mtsogolo, mtengo kuchokera ku ruble 24 mpaka 35,000. Gulu lowonetsa lingagulidwe pamtengo wa ma rubles oposa 35,000.
Kumanani ndi mtundu wa Doberman, zithunzi zomwe zimawonetsedwa pazithunzi pamwambapa. Palibe chithunzi chimodzi cha galu chomwe sichinachite bwino. Zili ngati Doberman adaphunzira luso la zolemba moyo wake wonse, chifukwa pachithunzi chilichonse amawoneka wokongola, wolemekezeka komanso wokongola.
Ku Russia, Doberman anali wotchuka kwambiri mu 20-40s, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati olondera, kuwononga, sapper, reconissance, and paratrooper. Pang'onopang'ono, galuyo adalephera kukhala m'busa waku Germany, ndipo onse chifukwa dzikolo lidalibe zida zokwanira agalu ophunzitsira mtundu wapaderawu.
Mu Guinness Book of Record, osati Greyhound, St. Bernard, Husky, masisitere achi Tibet, Afghan Hound, komanso Doberman adawonekeranso. Amadziwika kuti ndi malo abwino kwambiri okhetsa magazi, chifukwa galu wotchedwa Sauer wochokera ku South Africa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 anali wokhoza kutsatira wakuba ngakhale anali mtunda wa makilomita 160.