ng'ona Philippines akuti ndi kuderako kwa chilumbachi. 1989, chokwawa izi anazindikiritsidwa ndi New Guinea ng'ona (Crocodylus novaeguinae), kaphatikizidwe iwo mu view limodzi, koma pa mphindi ng'ona kuti miyoyo mu Philippines chimatengedwa ngati mitundu wodziimira.
Mwatsoka, mtundu wa Akusowera - malinga ndi akatswiri mu uthunthu wa moyo osapitirira 200 anapulumuka. Chifukwa, monga ambiri nkhani za chisoni - ntchito yogwira anthu. Poaching, maukonde ndi njira ya dynamite nsomba, kuipitsa dziko ndi kuchepetsa malo achilengedwe kuika mitundu ya nyama, kuphatikizapo ng'ona Philippines m'mphepete mwa kulumphira a.
Yofunika kwambiri mu chiwonongeko cha zokwawa sanali waukali ankaimba moyandikana ndi saltwater ng'ona, amadziwika zokonda zake cannibalistic. Zikuonekeratu kuti anzake a ku Philippine sakondwela zokwawa izi, ndi pansi pa dzanja otentha "obwezera" kutenga ng'ona zonse pamalo. Mu chinenero cha Chifilipino mawu "ng'ona kuti" ngakhale ankaona mtundu wa dzina achipongwe.
Panopa, ng'ona izi ndiotetezedwa mwa lamulo, mosamalitsa amaletsa kupha nyama izi. Kulakwila lamulo ladziko lino ndi chilango ndi zabwino kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi US $ 2,500.
The m'chipani yapaderayi Philippines madzi oyera Ng'ona adzaweruzidwa ndi mfundo chidwi - kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, chokwawa katswiri Dr. Brady Barr akhafuna kuona kuti mitundu aliyense wa ng'ona ano. Vuto lalikulu iye anali kupeza Philippines ng'ona - patangotha masabata angapo amafufuza chosasangalatsa pamaso pa wasayansi anaonekera wina zitsanzo achikulire.
mafotokozedwe Scientific wa ng'ona Philippines anali mu 1935 wotchuka American katswiri-herpetologist (T. E. katswiri achule, zokwawa komanso achule) Karl Schmidt Patterson, kuwapatsa iwo dzina binomial Crocodylus mindorensis (Chisumbu cha Mindoro - mmodzi wa Islands Philippines).
Kawirikawiri magwero sayansi amatchula chokwawa uyu akutchedwa "Philippines ng'ona", koma nthawi zina pali maudindo monga "ng'ona chisumbu cha Mindoro" ndi "Philippines madzi oyera ng'ona" (kulekanitsa izo kwa nyanja saltwater ng'ona).
Panopa, ng'ona Philippines angathe kupezeka pa zilumba za zilumba ngati Busuanga, Jolo, chilumba cha Luzon, Masbate, Mindanao, chisumbu cha Mindoro, Negros ndi Samar Koma bola ngati nkhaniyi yosatha, n'zotheka kuti ena mwa zilumba pamwamba Iye anafa chitsanzo otsiriza zapoizoni zimenezi sizichitikachitika kwambiri.
Akupezeka madzi oyera, makamaka - chatsekedwa (nyanja, m'madambo, m'mayiwewa, mitsinje inlets, etc ...). Ine si kale yokutidwa m'dera la Philippines ng'ona zilumba zambiri za Chimaleya Archipelago, koma panopa chokwawa izi anapulumuka okha Philippines. Monga momwe zilili ndi zina zambiri ng'ona Western Pacific, Philippines ng'ona malo overlaps ndi Malo zokwawa lalikulu ndi mwamakani kwambiri - m'madzi (saltwater) ng'ona. Ena maphunziro yomwe ankaona mtundu winawake wa ku Philippines ng'ona saltwater ng'ona, kenako (monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa) - New Guinea, kumadzulo okhala ndi.
Izi ng'ona ochepa, amuna omwe pokha pokha kwapadera kukula yaitali kuposa mamita atatu (mbiri 310 masentimita ndi kulemera pafupifupi 40 kg). Mwachizolowezi wamkulu ng'ona kutalika - mamita 1.5 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 15. Akazi ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuposa amuna.
Mtundu Philippines ng'ona ali ikhale pamphuno ndi yotakata (poyerekeza ndi ng'ona zina zimene zimakhala Western Pacific). ng'ona awa kunja amafanana wamng'ono estuarine ng'ona zimene amachita kusokonezeka maganizo, ndipo chifukwa cha "oipa" zapitazi ulemerero iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito intensively awonongedwe anthu wamba.
Dorsal carapace wamphamvu, fupa mbale molondola kuteteza thupi ku adani yaing'ono chokwawa.
kuwala golide bulauni thupi coloration, mimba mbandakucha. Kudutsa thupi ndi mchira ambiri pano sawona bwinobwino ndi mdima magulu ali specks pafupifupi wakuda. Ndi zaka, mtundu kukuchita mdima ndi wonyong'onya, kupeza brownish mithunzi.
Number mano - 66-68.
Ngati mbali zina zambiri za njira ya moyo zapoizoni zimenezi sizichitikachitika, moyo amayembekezeka ng'ona Philippines molondola kudziwika.
The chakudya zapoizoni izi zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, nyama za m'madzi - nsomba, achule, achule, molluscs, mbalame za m'madzi, nkhanu ndi nyama sing'anga-kakulidwe dziko mosasamala anafika ku malo ambushed ng'ona.
Nthawi kuukira zomwe anthu alibe. Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti chifukwa kukula ka chokwawa uwu si ngozi anthu.
Kubalana anali kuphunzira mu ukapolo. The wamkazi yamanga ochepa chochuluka chisa cha masamba ndi matope (padziko theka mita mu msinkhu ndi 1.5 mamita awiri), ndiye kutchera iye 7 20 mazira yaing'ono.
Makulitsidwe kumatenga zosakwana miyezi itatu, ndiyeno mazira kuwaswa ku ng'ona kakang'ono mozungulira decimeter yaitali.
Alonda wamkazi yopanga dzira, ndipo nthawi zina pamafunika chisamaliro cha ana.
kuyambira mawonekedwe a Crocodylus mindorensis ndi pangozi, anapatsidwa udindo chitetezo CR - ali mwakayakaya.
Zizindikiro kunja kwa ng'ona Philippines
Philippines ng'ona - mtundu ochepa a ng'ona madzi oyera. Iye ali ndi lonse kutsogolo gawo la kuipanikiza ndi zida kwambiri pa nsana wake. Thupi kutalika za 3,02 mamita, koma mitundu yambiri ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Amuna ndi kutalika za 2.1 mamita ndi akazi - mamita 1.3.
Philippines kapena mindorsky ng'ona (Crocodylus mindorensis)
mamba yaitali pa nape osiyanasiyana kuchokera 4 mpaka 6, ndi yopingasa ventral ku 22 kuti 25, pa dorsal m'ma thupi 12 yopingasa mamba. Young ng'ona pamwamba ndi golide bulauni ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa mdima ndi woyera kumbali ventral. Ndi okalamba a khungu la Philippines darkens ng'ona ndipo bulauni.
Kufalitsa ng'ona Philippines
ng'ona Philippines wachita kale anthu Islands Philippines - Dalupiri, chilumba cha Luzon, chisumbu cha Mindoro, Masbat, Samar, Jolo, Mindanao ndi Busuanga. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mtundu uwu wa zokwawa azipereka mu North chilumba cha Luzon ndi Mindanao.
ng'ona Philippines wachita kale anthu Islands Philippines
Philippines malo ng'ona
ng'ona Philippines amakonda madambo kakang'ono, koma anapezeka ku osaya amatunga zachilengedwe ndi m'madambo, Madamu yokumba, osaya zinkapezeka m'madzi yopapatiza, mitsinje komanso nkhalango mitengo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Opezeka madzi a mitsinje yaikulu ndi kudya panopa.
Mu mapiri kuti chimafikira kwa okwera mamita 850.
Anamuona pa Sierra Madre ku mitsinje ndi mathithi ndi maiwe kwambiri kudya loyenda, alimbane ndi ovuta laimu. Rock mapanga ntchito ngati m'misasa. Philippines ng'ona zikopa mu kamakumba una pa mchenga ndi dongo a mtsinjewo.
Kubalana wa ng'ona Philippines
Akazi ndi amuna Philippines ng'ona anayamba chulukanani pamene thupi ali ndi kutalika kwa 1.3 - 2.1 mamita ndi kulemera za makilogalamu 15. Chibwenzi ndi mating chidzachitika youma nyengo kuchokera December kwa May. Oviposition - zambiri kuchokera April kwa August, ndi pachimake pa kuswana pa chiyambi cha mvula mu May kapena June. ng'ona Philippines zowalamulira chachiwiri ikuchitika pambuyo 4 - miyezi 6 itatha yoyamba. Mu zokwawa kungakhale kwa Ba- atatu pachaka. Zowalamulira kukula zimasiyanasiyana mazira 7 mpaka 33. Nthawi makulitsidwe kumatenga m'chilengedwe 65 - 78, 85 - masiku 77 mu ukapolo.
Akazi ndi amuna Philippines ng'ona anayamba chulukanani pamene thupi ali ndi kutalika kwa 1.3 - 2.1 mamita ndi kulemera za makilogalamu 15.
Kawirikawiri, akazi amanga chisa cha ng'ona ku Philippines pa chitunda kapena pa a mtsinjewo, dziwe pa mtunda wa 4 - 21 mamita kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo. Nest inamangidwa mu chirimwe masamba youma, timitengo, masamba nsungwi nthaka. Ilinso ndi kutalika pafupifupi cm 55, kutalika 2 m, m'lifupi 1.7-mita. Pambuyo oviposition, mwamuna ndi mkazi mosinthana kuonera zomangamanga. Komanso, mkazi amakonda kuyendera chisa kapena m'mawa kapena madzulo.
NKHANI wa khalidwe la ng'ona Philippines
ng'ona Philippines zinthu azitengapo kwa wina ndi mnzake. ng'ona Young kuonetsa intraspecific waukali, kulenga malo osiyana pa maziko a mawonetseredwe aukali chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Komabe, intraspecific mokwiya zimawonedwa mwa akuluakulu, ndipo nthawizina awiri akuluakulu ng'ona moyo mu dziwe chomwecho. Ng'ona nawonso mbali zina mitsinje ikuluikulu pa nthawi za chilala, pamene madzi ndi otsika, iwo amasonkhana ku amatunga osaya ndi mitsinje nthawi ya mvula, pamene mitsinje ya mpweya wambiri madzi.
The pazipita tsiku mtunda ulendo mwamuna 4.3 kuchokera patsiku ndi makilomita 4 - kwa akazi.
Yaimuna ikhoza kusunthidwa pa mtunda wautali, koma kamodzikamodzi. Yabwino zosiyanasiyana kwa Philippines ng'ona kumakhala otaya mathamangidwe ndi kuya osachepera ndipo m'lifupi akhale yayikulu. Mtunda pafupifupi pakati pa anthu ndi za mamita 20.
ng'ona Philippines amakonda madambo kakang'ono, koma anapezeka ku osaya amatunga zachilengedwe ndi zithaphwi
Madera okhala ndi zomera pa magombe a ng'ona nyanja amakonda wamng'ono, wamng'ono, pamene madera a madzi poyera ndi zipika lalikulu amasangalala osankhidwa akuluakulu.
Philippines ng'ona khungu mitundu siyana malingana ndi zinthu kapena maganizo zokwawa. Komanso, pamene lonse tsegula nsagwada, yowala chikasu kapena lalanje chenjezo chinenero chizindikiro.
Mphamvu Philippines ng'ona
Young Chifilipino ng'ona chakudya:
- nkhono,
- nkhanu,
- dragonflies,
- yaing'ono nsomba.
zakudya akuluakulu zokwawa ndi:
- Chinsomba,
- nkhumba,
- agalu
- Malaysia kanjedza civet,
- njoka
- mbalame.
Mu ukapolo, zokwawa kudya:
- m'madzi ndi nsomba madzi oyera,
- nkhumba, ng'ombe, nkhuku nyama ndi zinyalala,
- nkhanu, minced ndi mbewa woyera.
Mtengo wamunthu
ng'ona Philippines zili zonse kuwonongedwa kwa nyama ndi khungu, kuyambira 1950s ndipo mpaka 1970 ndi. Mazira ndi anapiye ndi zambiri osatetezeka kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu ng'ona lapansi. Nyerere, abuluzi, nkhumba, agalu, mongooses yochepa tailed, makoswe ndi nyama zina akhoza kudya mazira kuchokera chisa sizikugwiridwa. Ku chiwonongeko sumapulumutsa ngakhale chisa makolo ndi kuteteza mbewu, ndiwo mtundu yofunika kwambiri anatengera zilombo zolusa.
Tsopano mtundu uwu wa zokwawa ndi osowa kuti safuna tinganene kuti kulankhula za ulimi wa nyama khungu wokongola. ng'ona Philippines ndi kuopseza kuthekera kwa ziweto, ngakhale tsopano kawirikawiri anawona pafupi m'midzi kukhale kothandiza kwambiri pa chiwerengero cha nyama, kotero pamaso pawo si kuopseza mwachindunji kwa anthu.
ng'ona Philippines ndi IUCN Red List udindo - pangozi.
Conservation udindo wa ng'ona Philippines
ng'ona Philippines ndi IUCN Red List udindo - pangozi. Ine otchulidwa ZOWONJEZERA I yatchula.
ng'ona Philippines kutetezedwa ndi lamulo la kuthengo kuyambira mu 2001 ndipo Wildlife Bureau (PAWB).
Dipatimenti ya Environment ndi Natural Resources (DENR) ndi thupi udindo chitetezo ndiponso kuteteza ng'ona malo awo. DENR analenga pulogalamu dziko la konzanso a anthu Philippines ng'ona kupulumutsa mtundu chithe.
nazale woyamba pakati chilengedwe University Silliman (CCU), komanso mapulogalamu ena pa kufala kwa mitundu yosowa vuto la reintroduction a mitundu. DENR alinso mapangano ambiri ndi kumalo osungira mu North America, Europe, Australia ndi kukhazikitsa kusunga wapadera chokwawa pulogalamu.
Mabuwaya Foundation akugwira ntchito pa kusamala mitundu yosowa adzakhala kudziŵitsa anthu za sayansi ya C. mindorensis ndipo kumathandiza kuti chitetezo chilichonse mwa chilengedwe cha nkhokwe. Komanso kafukufuku mapulogalamu akuchitiridwa akuyendera molumikizana ndi pulogalamu Cagayan Valley Protection Environmental ndi chitukuko (CVPED). Dutch ndi Chifilipino ophunzira kulenga m'munsi chidziwitso, muli nkhani za ng'ona Philippines.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Makhalidwe
Philippines ng'ona ng'onayo kuderako ku Philippines. Izi ndi ochepa, madzi oyera ng'ona. Iwo ali ikhale pamphuno ndi yotakata ndipo fupa ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa mbale wandiweyani pamsana pake (dorsal lolemera zida). Izi ndi mitundu mwachilungamo yaing'ono kufika kuswana kukhwima 1.5 mamita (4.9 mapazi) ndi 15 makilogalamu (33 mapaundi) mu amuna ndi akazi ndi kukula pazipita za 3.1 mamita (10 mapazi). Akazi ndi pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa amuna. ng'ona Philippines ndi golide-bulauni mtundu, amene darkens akamakula.
Kufalitsa ndi malo
ng'ona Philippines unawonongedwa Samara, Hall, Negros, Masbat ndi Busuanga. Chiwerengero zikupezekabe mpaka ku Northern Sierra - Madre Natural Park mu nkhalango zotentha za chilumba cha Luzon, San - Mariano, Isabela, Dalupiri chilumba Babuyan Islands, Abra (chigawo) mu chilumba cha Luzon ndi Ligawasan Marsh, Lake Cebu City mu South Cotabato, Pulangi mtsinje Bukidnon, ndipo mwina mu Agusan Marsh kusungitsa mu Mindanao. Zinali mbiri m'mayiko a Visayas ndi pamaso manambala anali zikuchepa yafupika, makamaka ndi chiwonongeko malo. ng'ona izi kudya nsomba odwala ndi yaikulu mlingo kuposa nsomba wathanzi, potero chikusintha thanzi akukhudzidwira nsomba. Migodi pa nsomba ambiri, iwo moyenera chiwerengero cha nsomba, mitundu iliyonse kuti mwadzidzidzi lalikulu ndi kuika kumbuyo mu chiwerengero yoyenera. Ng'ona ndowe nsomba thanzi ndipo lili mankhwala yovuta.
Malo osungira
Crocodylus mindorensis ankaona kwambiri kungawononge mitundu ya ng'ona mu dziko, m'gulu zatsala pang'ono kutha ndi IUCN. Chiwerengero cha anthu a anthu 100 popanda nkhawa Chick mitundu yovuta udindo. Ngakhale mitundu anali pamene - opezeka pa zonse za Philippines, tsopano yatsala pang'ono kutha. Komanso, kwenikweni amadziwika za mbiri zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe mitundu, kapena ubwenzi wake ndi Crocodylus porosus Amene osiyanasiyana limafotokoza. kafukufuku zina pamafunika kudziwa osiyanasiyana panopa. Kuchepa koyamba anthu akhala mwa ntchito malonda, ngakhale kuopseza tsopano makamaka kuchotsa malo oyenera ulimi kukumana anthu kukula mofulumira. State thandizo la iliyonse - miyeso aliyense kusamala okha, ndi ng'ona nthawi zambiri anaphedwa ndi anthu akuderalo. Zimenezi ayenera kusinthidwa kudzera mapulogalamu ophunzitsa. kulima yaitali Akuti ndiyo njira yabwino Pa nthawiyo, ngakhale pulogalamu ulamuliro ndi kuvomerezedwa onse a anthu zolusa (ambiri a iwo amakhala chimodzi chokha kutetezedwa m'dera) mu ukapolo ndi kutulutsidwa (kudzera PWRCC, University Silliman ndi malo kuswana mayiko). Mu 1992, nyama zosakwana 1,000 akuti kukhalabe kuthengo. Mu 1995, kafukufuku wakhala ndikusinthidwa kukhala oposa 100 nonhatchlings (anapiye kawirikawiri n'komwe mu kafukufuku, chifukwa mlingo awo kupulumuka ndi otsika). Chinthu choopsa kwa anthu kucheperachepera wa Philippines ng'ona, chifukwa izo ziri zolakwika.Kwenikweni anthu Philippines, ng'ona ndi yoopsa munthu okudya ndi poyerekeza ndi akuluakulu a boma achinyengo ndi akuluakulu yazamalamulo. Amalemekeza nzika, monga kafukufuku pakati pa nzika zosatha za Nyanja Panlabuhan, kazembe wa Agusan Marsh wodziwika bwino, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mamba pakati pa anthuwa ndikwambiri kwambiri, ndipo malingaliro awo owopsa ndi otsika kwambiri. Komabe Ng'ona ali vuto fano akunja. Pakuti ambiri, iwo amatengedwa kuti odya anzawo. M'malo mwake, ng'ona ndi yaying'ono ndipo siziwukira anthu pokhapokha atakwiya.
Kupha ng'ona, zikuoneka kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha kucheperachepera chiwerengero cha mitundu imene. Mu kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa chilumba cha Luzon, njira ya zachilengedwe pa mlingo dera, kuyambira mbali ya ng'ona Kukonza kugwilizana ndi kusunga polojekiti (CRC) Analeredwa ndi cholinga kukwaniritsa zisathe mchitidwe ng'ona ndi anthu am'deralo.
Mu 2007, gulu la akatswiri lidakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu angapo mkati mwa Philippines omwe amatenga nawo gawo pakasamalira mamba. Ng'ona Philippines Society ndi Institute Zoological chitetezo HerpaWorld ntchito pa kuswana kusamala ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mapulogalamu. C. mindorensis yaganiziridwa kuti idzatha m'dera lomwe inali kumpoto kwa Luzon Island mpaka chithunzi chomwe chinapezeka chitangofika ku San Mariano, Isabela, mu 1999. Mwamunayo, yemwe amadziwika kuti "Isabela" ndi omwe adawagwira, adasamalidwa ndi Crocodile. mpaka atamasulidwa mu August 2007, chitsanzo anali 1.6 mamita pa nthawi ya kumasulidwa ake.
ng'ona Philippines wakhala dziko kutetezedwa ndi lamulo mu 2001 ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chilamulo cha 9147, chotchedwa Act Mchipululu. Ndikulangidwa kupha ng'ona, ndikulangidwa kwakukulu ₱ 100,000 (zofanana $ 2500). Philippines Senate safotokoza chikalata palibe. 790 31 May 2012, pofuna kulimbitsa zina ndi kukuza malamulo alipo kutetezela ng'ona Philippines ndi saltwater ng'ona.
Nkhani
ng'ona izi zinakambidwa mu National Geographic Koopsa TINKAKUMANA «m Wochititsidwa ndi Katswiri wa Crocodile Dr. Brady Barr. Nthawi ina, Barr cholinga chake kukhala munthu woyamba muwona mtundu yonse ya ng'ona mu dziko. Mwamwayi, iye anatha kuona ng'ona Philippines kokha pafupi masabata awiri.
Ng'ona zam'madzi zaku Philippines zidalembedwa pa GMA News Born To Be Wild. Analemba kuti nyerere otentha, moto, mitundu olanda, pali unhatched mazira pangozi bukarot. Media timu chinapulumutsa chisa cha moto nyerere kuukira. Anajambulanso ming'alu ya akulu aku Philippines.
Mythology ndi folklore
anthu Tagalog Ancient ankakhulupirira kuti moyo wa munthu wakufa akutsatiridwa pakati pa dziko, kulikonse Poppy (A malo mizimu yabwino) kapena Kasanaan (malowa anali mizimu yoyipa ikubwera) kudzera mu thandizo buwaya Ng'ona chilombo ndi khungu aulesi ndi m'manda Ufumuyo kumbuyo kwake, yokutidwa ndi chikopa. Ngakhale zimawonedwa kuti ndizopatulika, ndiye buwayas komanso adawopa kuti iwonso kuukira anthu, kamodzi iwo mu manda ake, pita kumidima kubweretsa munthu kapena Maca kapena Kasanaan Mogwira kubweretsa moyo yekha mu dziko la akufa, monga thupi wamwalira. Ngakhale zili zopitilira muyeso buwaya Ndi loyera kuti Tagalogs akale kumlingo kuti Mkhristu wina aphedwe (manda kapena ayi) ndi kuphedwa.