Johnson's melanacet - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. mdierekezi wakuda, mdierekezi wakuda wamba, nsomba zamkati mwakuya, humpback anglerfish rus. Johnson's melanacet, wakuda ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

Johnson angler - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. mdierekezi wakuda, mdierekezi wakuda wamba, nsomba zamkati mwakuya, humpback anglerfish rus. Johnson's melanacet, wakuda ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

Melanocetus johnsoni - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. mdierekezi wakuda, mdierekezi wakuda wamba, nsomba zamkati mwakuya, humpback anglerfish rus. Johnson's melanacet, wakuda ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

mdierekezi wakuda - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. mdierekezi wakuda, mdierekezi wakuda wamba, nsomba zamkati mwakuya, humpback anglerfish rus. Johnson's melanacet, wakuda ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

mdierekezi wakuda wamba - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. mdierekezi wakuda, mdierekezi wakuda wamba, nsomba zamkati mwakuya, humpback anglerfish rus. Johnson's melanacet, wakuda ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

nsomba zakuya kwambiri - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. mdierekezi wakuda, mdierekezi wakuda wamba, nsomba zamkati mwakuya, humpback anglerfish rus. Johnson's melanacet, wakuda ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

humpback anglerfish - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. mdierekezi wakuda, mdierekezi wakuda wamba, nsomba zamkati mwakuya, humpback anglerfish rus. Johnson's melanacet, wakuda ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas - maudindo T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. mdierekezi wakuda, mdierekezi wakuda wamba, nsomba zamkati mwakuya, humpback anglerfish rus. Johnson's melanacet, Johnson's black anglerfish ryšiai: platesnis ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

Ceratiform -? Deep Sea Anglerfish Johnson's Melanacet ... Wikipedia

Maonekedwe a Johnson's melanocetus

Maonekedwe a melanocyte ndiwodziwika bwino, ngati alibe chidwi, chomwe ndichachilengedwe, podziwika kuti ndi gawo la gulu la anglerfish, omwe dzina lawo ndi "ziwanda zam'nyanja".

Johnson's Melanocet (Melanocetus johnsonii).

Inde, monga ma khwangwala ena, melanocyte ili ndi zithunzi zopezeka kumapeto kwa njira zomwe zimakongoletsa mutu wake.

Monga oimira ena mwa izi, Johnson's melanacet ali ndi zipsepse zolimba kwambiri za pectoral, zomwe zimathandizira. Izi zipsepse zimathandizidwa ndi gawo la mafupa.

Monga msodzi wokola nyama, melanocet imagwiritsa ntchito kupepuka kwakukulu pa nsonga za mitu pamutu.

Gill slits ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi m'munsi mwa zipsepse zamakutu. Vesi loyamba limalumikizana ndi chigaza. Thupi la chikwangwani chakuda Johnson ndi maliseche ndipo silimata mamba.

Chimodzi mwazomwe chimapangitsa Johnson kuti angler'sler ndi kuti kutalika kwa melanocyte wamwamuna sikudutsa 3 cm, pomwe wamkazi amatha kukula mpaka 18 cm, omwe amapitilizika katatu.

Ndodo "imapangidwa" ndi mabakiteriya apadera omwe amakhala ndi melanocyte a Johnson mu Symbiosis.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya anthu wamba, amuna a Johnson a melanocetus samatengera kwa akazi, amakonda kukhala payokha.

Moyo wa Johnson wa Melanocyte

Pofuna kukopa nyama yake, a melanacet a Johnson amagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ili pamutu pake yofanana ndi ndodo yosodza. Kumapeto kwa njirazi ndi zithunzi zowala kwambiri.

Mabakiteriya apadera omwe amakhala ndi vuto la Johnson's melanocyte amatsogolera kuwala kwa ndodo yodziwikirayi.

Ndi zithunzi zake, wakuda Johnson angler amakopa gonostomous, myctophous and crayfish yaying'ono. Chifukwa choti m'mimba mwa melanocyte pamatambasuka bwino, imatha kumeza nyama, yomwe imakhala yayikulupo kuposa momwe imayendera yokha. Mwachitsanzo, m'mimba mwa m'modzi mwa a Johnson omwe adagwidwa ndi ma melanocyte, omwe kutalika kwake kudali mamilimita sikisite zisanu ndi chimodzi, nsomba idapezeka yomwe inali ya mnyumba ya a Howlioids, omwe kutalika kwake kudali pafupifupi mamilimita mazana awiri ndi makumi anayi, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi kanayi kutalika kwa anglerfish yokha.

Johnson angler

Ziwombankhangazi zimatha kutchedwa "zokongola kwambiri" mwa anthu okhala m'malo ozama. Amakopa nyama ndi "ndodo", pamapeto pake pali chiwalo chowala chodzaza ndi mabakiteriya oyimira. Chachikazi chikuwonetsedwa m'chithunzichi - amuna a nsomba izi ndi ochepa kangapo. M'mitundu yambiri yofanana, amasinthana timagulu tating'onoting'ono ndikugwiritsitsa mkaziyo, ndikumalandira zonse zofunikira. Komabe, a Johnson anglerfish amadzisankhira pawokha ndipo amatha kukhala pawokha.

Pacific howliode

Okonda mdima amadzuka usiku okha, amakhala nthawi yayitali pamtunda wamakilomita angapo. Ziwalo zawo zowunikira zimakokedwa ndi mikanda yowala pamodzi ndi thupi. Amakhulupirira kuti mawonekedwe owala amathandizira ma haulodi pakusaka omwe akukwatirana nawo ndipo limakhala chenjezo kwa omwe amadyera ena: ndibwino osasokoneza mdani wako.

Batisaur wankhondo

Ma Batisaurs ("abuluzi akuya") adadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha mutu wowongoka wofanana ndi chigaza choyala. Awa, adakhala okonda ndewu chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo: kuzama kwa makilomita 1-3, nsomba zamfupa sizikudziwa mdani wamkulu ndipo ali okonzeka kugunda pafupifupi chilichonse chosunthira.

Longhorn Saber

Sabretooth ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Titha kumvetsetsa izi: mutu wawukulu wopanda malire komanso wamaso ochepa ali ndi zida zambiri zowopsa. Fry wophika wamafuta amakhala pafupi ndi mwamba ndipo ali wosiyana kwambiri ndi makolo awo owopsa kotero kuti kwa zaka zopitilira 100 adawerengedwa kuti ndi mtundu wina wa nsomba. Komabe, mkati mwa zaka zapitazi zidapezeka kuti ndi zaka kuti zimafika mwakuya ndikupanga zilombo zankhondo zomwe zimawukira magulu ang'onoang'ono opanda nkhanza.

Howliode vulgaris

Izi nsomba sizingadzitame chifukwa cha kukula kochititsa chidwi, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita angapo. Komabe, mano awo ndi okulirapo. Makamaka lakuthwa komanso lalitali lakutsogolo pamwamba pa nsagwada yakumtunda limatha kupirira ngakhale ndi mdani wamkulu, ndikupereka zolimba zamphamvu. Amakhala okhazikika m'malo mwake, kuti athe kumeza kukula koyenera, ma howlioids ayenera kutsegula pakamwa pawo mpaka madigiri 90.

"Nsomba Anglerfish"

Kunena zowona, kwa miyezi ingapo tsopano ndakhala ndikuyesera kupweteketsa nthawi kuti ndikoke kujambula zojambula zagolide. China chake sichikuyenda. Koma "zoopsa "zi ndizosavuta).

"Nsomba Anglerfish"

Ngale ngale yakuda wa Nickel.

Zikomo powerenga.

Ndikali ndi zambiri zoti ndiziwonetse)

Shaki wamutu wakuda

Kutalika kwake, ndikuwoneka ngati njoka yam'nyanja, nsomba zam'madzi zodziwikirazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyambi chodabwitsa kwambiri choyambira. Shaki za Placid zimadziwika kuti ndi mzere womwe udayambika zaka 95 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo mwina kale kwambiri, ngakhale mu nthawi ya Jurassic. Mano ake amakula m'mizere ya zidutswa 20-30, ndipo chilichonse chimatha ndi nsonga zitatu zakuthwa. Komabe, nsagwada yayitali, yomwe imayang'ana kutsogolo, salola kuluma kwakukulu, komwe "mitundu yamakono" ya shaki yomwe imakhala pafupi ndi pamwamba imatha.

Pelican eel

Nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zimafikira kutalika kwa theka la mita, ndipo pafupifupi theka la theka limagwera pamutu waukulu ndi kamwa yotambalala, yomwe imatha kulola nyama yayikulu. Kuti akope nyama, kuwala kofiyira kumawunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kumapeto kwa mchira wosinthika wa nsomba. Koma mano a "pelican" ndi ochepa ndipo, mwachiwonekere, amalola kuti adye cephalopods zokhazokha.

Seahorses

Sindikudziwa ngakhale kuyika sitiroberi, chithunzicho ndichabwino kwambiri

Mwa njira, seahorses ndi nsomba. "Mtundu wa nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi zam'madzi za banja la singano zotsekeka ndi mawonekedwe," akutero Wikipedia.

M'madzimo, zazikazi zimapatsira mazira kwa amphongo, ndipo zimayambitsa chilichonse kwina. Chifukwa chake tili ndi abambo achichepere okhala ndi ana a skate yaying'ono.

Anthu okhala munyanja pazithunzi za Roman Fedortsov

Pazaka pafupifupi 20, nzika yaku Murmansk, a Roman Fedortsov, akhala akulima ma nyanja aku nyanja kuti akapeze nsomba. Wophunzira ku MSTU amagwira ntchito pa sitima yophera nsomba ndikujambula zithunzi zodabwitsa paukonde mwachidwi.

Bukuli likuti adawona nyengo zambiri zam'madzi, monga zimachitikira pakusambira kosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri, wogulitsa mgodi, pomwe Roman amagwira ntchito, amapita kunyanja ya Barents, kuya kwake komwe sikupitilira 600 metres.

Mwachitsanzo, kumadzulo kwa Africa, nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimapezeka. Ndipo pali zoopsa kwambiri - zitsanzo za poizoni. Ndipo pachithunzichi - cham'madzi chakuya kwambiri.

Catfish wokhala ndi isopod.

Makanda awa, amakumbukira zokongoletsa zakale za mtengo wa Khrisimasi, ndi ma pinagors.

Pama dzanja oyendetsa ngalawa pali ma anemones, zolengedwa zapamadzi zapamwamba zomwe sizimatha kumapeto kwake.

Nyanja pike - nyama yolusa yomwe imakula mpaka mamita awiri m'litali!

Holothuria: zidutswa zitatu.

Catfish kachiwiri. Mlandu pamene dzina la nsomba - makamaka pamutu!

Brownie Shark

Zotengera zimawala kudzera pakhungu lowala kwambiri la shaki-domovoy yakuya, ndikupatsa thupi lake mtundu wopanda pake wa pinki. Koma nsagwada za nsomba zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri: zimatha kutulutsidwa, mpaka kufika kumapeto kwenikweni kwa "mphuno" yayitali yothina, kenako zimawonjeza kwambiri, ndikujambula m'madzi ndi chilichonse chomwe chimakumana nacho.

Chithunzi: IMAGEBROKER / LEGION-MEDIA, DIOMEDIA, MINDEN (X3) / FOTODOM. RU, BIOS / EAST News, NATURE PL (X5) / LEGION-MEDIA, NOAA

Ziwopsezo, zida zankhondo, cannibalism ndi zinsinsi zina zazing'ono za "agulugufe am'nyanja"

"Mwa amoyo onse apamadzi, awa ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba." Umu ndi momwe wojambula wotchuka wa National Geographic, David Dubilet kamodzi adafotokozera zolengedwa izi. Apambana mamiliyoni a mafani padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo ojambula pamtunda wa scuba amakhala ndi chiyembekezo choti ali ndi mwayi ndipo adzakumana ndi omwe sanawaonepo kapena kujambulapo kale.

Kumanani: "agulugufe am'nyanja" kapena "utawaleza wam'madzi" - kotero olemba achikondi za zolembedwa zanyama zam'nyanja amatcha zolengedwa izi.

Kutengera mtundu, kukula kwawo kumasiyana kuyambira 2cm mpaka 15-30 cm. Komanso, zazikuluzikulu pazifukwa zina zimakhala makamaka ku Britain.

Akatswiri osakhala achikondi amawatcha kuti nudibranch (lat. Nudibranchia) - gulu la ma gastropods am'madzi kuchokera kumalire a Heterobranchia. Kukongola uku ndi abale apachibale a nkhono zam'nyanja.

Nthawi zingapo, kumapeto kwa Paleozoic - chiyambi cha Mesozoic (zinali zaka 200-250 miliyoni zapitazo, kenako ma dinosaurs adangoyamba kuyendayenda Padziko Lapansi) makolo awo amayenda .. ndi conch. Zotsatira zake, ma nudibranch adasowa njira zosiyanasiyana kuti adziteteze ndikukhala ndi moyo.

Nudibranchia anali amisili anzeru komanso osangalala. Sanachedwe kufa, ndipo posintha, anasintha njira zambiri zopulumutsira khungu lawo.

Wina anaphunzira kubisala pang'onopang'ono pojambula zachilengedwe

Wina amakula kunja kwa thupi ndikumayesa ngati ma korali, masiponji, timiyala, mbewu, ndi zina zambiri.

Wina yemwe akuchita masewera amtopoma - ngati abuluzi, amataya ziwalo zathupi.

Wina amakoka onse omwe amalankhula akakhala mwamantha.

Wina akugwiritsa ntchito ziphe. Kuphatikiza apo, ma boti oopsa amakhala ndi chidwi ndi thanzi la omwe amakhala nawo ndikuwachenjeza za zoopsa zomwe zili kutali: ndikakhala ndi sumu yayikulu, imawala kwambiri.

Ma Shellfish amapeza ziphe m'njira ziwiri:

Mitundu ina imabweretsa ziphe zawo zokha. Matupi awo ndi oopsa komanso osakhazikika, kapena opakidwa ndi poizoni wambiri komanso osadyanso.

Ena adaganiza kuti kuba ndikosavuta kuposa kupanga poyizoni wawo. Chifukwa chake, amadya masiponji owopsa ndi ascidia, ndikugwiritsa ntchito poizoni. Kuphatikiza apo, poizoni wakuba imagwira ntchito bwino. Ndipo akuti katundu wobedwa mtsogolo siabwino. Akunama! Zikuyenda bwanji!

Iwo amene akhulupirira kuti njira ya poyizoni si yawo - amatenga m'manja .. (cholakwika) zida ndikakumana ndi mdani kumaso. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zida ndi yosavuta - muyenera kudya kena kake kokhala ndi ziwalo zoluma: ma coral oyaka, ma anemones kapena ma hydras osiyanasiyana.

Kodi munayamba mwadwalapo nsomba za jellyfish? Kapena mwayi kuti mulowe mu zingwe? Izi ndi izi - kuluma maselo kuti agwire ntchito.

Chida ichi chimagwira ntchito pa mfundo - musakhudze, ipha. M'maselo oluma mumakhala ulusi wopindika-wamtondo wokhala ndi malekezero ake owupuka omwe adaphimbidwa ndi poyizoni. Maselo akakhudzidwa, kasupe amayamba ndi zotsatira zake.

Koma kodi kudya zakudya zowopsa ndikupulumuka bwanji? Mollusks adathetsa vutoli mosavuta: limapezeka kuti amateurs amadya zinyalala zonse, pali chitin pakhungu (chinthu cholimba chomwe ndi zipolopolo za nkhanu, nkhanu ndi mafupa akunja a tizilombo). Chifukwa chake ulusi wosokosera womwe mbola imadikirira. M'mawu enieni a mawu.

Chifukwa chake cholengedwa cholasa chija chimabowoledwa. Ndipo zida zankhondo zimasungidwa m'matumba pa nsonga za protrusions kumbuyo ndi m'mbali mwa gastropod.

Ndipo mdani amathawa, amathawa, amathawa. Chifukwa chokoma chotere, koma chowopsa sichikhala momwe zilili - ndizowopsa kukhudza.

Mitundu ina ya Nudibranchia idapita mosiyana. Sadziteteza ndi poizoni, samadya eni omwe amasokoneza maselo. Koma ali ndi ma spicule - singano yaying'ono ndi timiniti tachinisi titagona pansi pa khungu. Ma mollusks ena amakhala ndi zochuluka kwambiri mwakuti zimawoneka ngati ma hedgehogs ang'onoang'ono.

Chikopa cha spicular titha kuchiona ngati chopondera cha chipolopolo: chimathandizira minofu yofewa, ndikuchitchinjiriza kwa omwe amadyera pang'ono - kumeza china chake chaubweya komanso choyipa "chosayankhula".

Nyanja zam'madzi za gastropod zilibe zipolopolo zokha. Zinthu zoyipa sizikhala ndi zotumphukira mkati, monga zolengedwa zonse.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa kupuma, Nudibranchia imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: aeolides ndi dorids.

Eolides amapuma (amatenga mpweya) kudzera pakhungu. Kupumira mosavuta, adakulitsa dera la khungu: pamtundu wa eolide pali mitundu yambiri yosanjidwa-komanso nyanga-ma-proterion-cerata.

Ma Dorids ndiwo mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa nudibranch. Amakhala ndi mitolo imodzi kapena zingapo zapakanja zakunja zamipini. Pakakhala zoopsa makilogalamu amakokedwa. Zapulogalamu za Nudibranch zimabwera mumitundu yambiri, kukula kwake ndi mitundu.

Nudibranch ndizovuta kuwona. Koma amangokhala ndi ndulu zapakhonde pamutu. Amatha kuvuta, kulawa chakudya kapena kumva zomwe mukufuna. Ndiye kuti, zinthu izi, monga ogulitsa amalemba "atatu m'modzi" - fungo la fungo, kukhudza ndi kukoma.

Mtundu uliwonse wa gastropod uli ndi chakudya chake. Wina ndi wadyera, wina ndi wadyera. Wopatsa chidwi. Ndipo ma korali ena akudya. Monga akunenera mu kukoma ndi maonekedwe ..

Koma banjali limakhala lopanda mawu. Pakati pa mitengo ya Nudibranchia imapezeka - imaphwanya abale awo a mitundu ina. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe okongolawa amawonjezeredwa nthawi ya chikondi.

Pali Nudibranchia yokhala ndi zokonda zachilendo kwambiri. Iwo sayembekeza kukomera mtima zachilengedwe. Kufa chifukwa choti china chake sichinagwidwe kapena sichikukula?

Uku ndiko kutalika kwa idiocy, adasankha Elysia chlorotica. Mollusk ndi "wotsogolera wawo": amatulutsa chlorophyll ndipo amadya ngati mbewu - pogwiritsa ntchito photosynthesis.

Ma Nudibranch alibe tsankho pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Vutoli lidathetsedwa mosavuta - onse a hermaphrodites. Ndipo ALIYENSE amatha kukonda ndi kukondedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina nthawi yomweyo: Pakulimbana, amatha kupatsana umuna wawo ndikuvomera wina.

Koma nthawi zonse muyenera kulipira kuti musangalale. Pambuyo pakugonana, zolembera za zolengedwa izi zimakoka eni ake, ndipo patatha mphindi 20 zimangotsika.

Kenako olemba amayamba kuzindikira zomwe ataya, ndipo kwa maola 24 otsatira abwezeretsa mwamphamvu zogonana ndikukula mosamala maliseche amuna.

Mazira omwe amatengedwa pa tepi ya duct amawoneka ngati duwa. Mu clutch pamakhala mazira 2 mpaka 25 miliyoni.

Ana amabadwa mokwanira-zokwanira. Amawoneka ngati kope laling'ono la akulu. Ndipo kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira za moyo safuna chisamaliro cha aliyense.

Mutha kukumana ndi amuna okongola awa munyanja kuzungulira dziko lapansi, kuchokera ku madera ozizira kwambiri, otentha komanso otentha, kupita ku Southern Ocean mozungulira Antarctica. Ndi kuya kuchokera kumadzi osaya mpaka 700 m ndi zina.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya Nudibranchia imakhala m'madzi amchere. Pali ochepa okha omwe amatha kulekerera mchere wamchere ochepa.

Tizilombo timene timakhala kuthengo pang'ono kwambiri - kuyambira milungu ingapo mpaka chaka.

Sevorse.

Masana abwino
Apanso, Dmitry Mitrofanov, ndipo nthawi ino posimba za chosema cha seahorse.
Kusala kudya, kungosala kudya.
zithunzi. wopanda kanema.
Sketi imapangidwa mwachizolowezi kuchokera pazitsulo zopanda pake ndi zopumira.

Thupi la chingwe chotengera, cholumikiza ndodo Moskvich, chingwe cholumikizira, kukonza magiya, ma camshaft cam okhala nacho, spacer ya VAZ 2101, basket basket yosadziwika, nsonga yoyendetsera, maunyolo, akasupe, gawo la Subaru rack ndi pinion windows.

Mwachidule, izi zonse ndi zankhuni, zophika ndipo bambo wokongola 85cm adatuluka.

Pa chiwonetsero cha Weldex, poyimirira kampani imodzi yokhala ndi zida zofiira, skate idalandira mphotho, ndipo chigoba chonyowa chowotcha chidaperekedwa.

Zikomo chifukwa chondisamalira!

Ndipo amene ali ndi chidwi ndi ntchito yanga, nayi cholumikizira ku akaunti yanga, ndi chilolezo cha oyang'anira:

Choponya chowawa chomwe chimakonda kuyenda.

Chifukwa chake, adalemba za njoka zam'nyanja zapoizoni, ndipo adalemba za nkhono zapoizoni. Nayi malo ena m'banki ya nkhumba za phobias yanu.

Ndipo ndani ali pano wokongola kwambiri? Ndipo ndi ndani ali ndi ife okongola kwambiri pansi pa phazi. igh, zipsepse zosanja?

Inde, ndi ndani yemwe kuti ndife oopsa kwambiri?

Mu kanemayo, a Devil Scorpion (Scorpaenopsis Diabolus) amasangalala pansi. Amadziwikanso kuti mwala wonama.

Ndimakhala wosazindikira ndikayang'ana nsomba zomwe zimachita bizinesi yawo.

Zosadabwitsa, koma nsomba zingapo pansi zimakonda kuyenda momasuka. Chifukwa chiyani zili zosamveka. Monga nsomba zosambira ziyenera kukhala zosavuta.

Ngwazi ya kanemayo amachokera ku banja lodziwika bwino la poyizoni: Scorpaenidae (nsomba za zinkhanira). Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya poizoni padziko lapansi.

Banja la Scorpaenidae ndilokulirapo - lili ndi mitundu mazana ambiri. Onsewa amawoneka mosiyanasiyana. Koma aliyense ali ndi mkhalidwe wokongola wabanja: spikes lakuthwa ndi ntchofu wakupha. Pansi pa msana uliwonse pali chindapusa chapadera chomwe chimatulutsa poyizoni.

Choponya cha Mdyerekezi chimakula mpaka masentimita 30. Zikuwoneka komanso osati zochuluka. Ndipo iye samazunza anthu. Koma ndi bwino kuti asamupondereze, osangokhala pansi osachita chipongwe. Mafuta oopsa kwa anthu sakupha, koma "zosangalatsa" zokumbutsirazi zamsonkhanowu zidzakhala nanu mpaka kalekale.

Mdyerekezi olusa. Koma odana ndi aulesi chifukwa chake ndi anzeru. Samathamangitsa chakudya chamadzulo mwachangu kwambiri, monga ena. Ndipo mwanzeru khalani ngati miyala. Amadziponyanso ndi mchenga kuti adalirika.

Awa ndi akatswiri apamwamba achinsinsi. Ngati simukudziwa komwe mungayang'ane, simudziwa.

Chakudya chikamalowa, amakhala ngati akunena kuti: ndikadzalumpha, ndikalumpha, misewu imapita m'misewu yakumbuyo.

Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, pamwala uwu mungathe kuwona bwino.

Mafuta a poizoni awa ali ndi katundu wina wodabwitsa .. Kuwala kwa nsomba kumawala ndi kuwala kwamtambo kapena kwa ultraviolet. Pakadali pano palibe amene akudziwa chifukwa chake komanso momwe biofluorescence imagwirira ntchito nsomba izi. Amalimbikitsa kuti azilankhulana ndi abale awo.

Ngati mukufuna kukumana nawo - palibe vuto! Ndikokwanira kulowa pansi pamtunda wa mamita 70 mu Indian kapena Pacific Ocean: kuchokera ku South ndi East Africa ndi Nyanja Yofiira kupita ku Japan, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Australia ndi New Caledonia.

Zithunzi, kukhala owona mtima.

Anthu omwe amalankhula Chingerezi amatcha izi ndizokongola "wolf eel," kapena, "eel-wolf." Mu mtundu wa Chirasha, mphira wa nsomba. Sindikudziwa zomwe zili m'mimba mwake, ndipo ndi ndani yemwe ali ndi dzina lotere. Mwapadera, ndi nsomba yowoneka ngati nyanja, ya banja la catfish, yekhayo woyimira mtundu wa Anarrhichthys.

Mtundu wina wa ma erysipelas mwa iye amakayikira - samalimbikitsa chidaliro. Kuchokera pamawu onse. Koma kuchokera kumaso, monga akunena, "osamwa madzi."

Choyipa chachikulu pa mimbulu ya eel ndi dzina. Iwo si zolengedwa zankhanza. Sathamangira anthu. Koma ndi achidwi kwambiri ndipo amakonda zochitika zatsopano.

Zowona, ngati muwapeza kwambiri, ndiye kuti sangakulume mofooka. Monga, komabe, aliyense yemweyo.

Mu chithunzi, yekhayo wosangalala mu malingaliro anga. Ma pegas samawoneka wokonda kwambiri.

Mtundu wa imvi wotchuka umakhala pakati pa amuna. Amayi amavala zofiirira.

Ndipo achinyamata opita patsogolo amakonda mawonekedwe okongola a lalanje.

Amakhala (ndi mwayi, ndipo palibe amene adzadye), pafupifupi zaka 25.

Amasankha wawo (kapena yekhayo), ndipo amakhala mchikondi ndi chiyanjano kufikira imfa itawagawanitsa. (Izi ndi monga umboni wa anthu angapo omwe adawona momwe maanjawo adasamukira malo ena kangapo. Sindikudziwa momwe operekawo adawazindikirira powona, kwa ine onse ali ofanana.)

M'mabanja, nkhandwe za mimbulu zimakhala ndi ufulu wofanana: makolo onse awiri amateteza mazira mpaka ana awaswa. Ndipo amayi ake nawonso amamulekerera nthawi ndi nthawi: amasamalira kuti ana ake asadwale.

Zokondweretsa, kamodzi anthu angapo adawona banja la anthu atatu ... nsomba. Omwe anali ndani kwa wina ndi mnzake pamenepo - dziyerekezere nokha.

Izi nsomba ndi zomwe zimakupatsirani chakudya chamagulu: palibe cola, burger yoyipa ndi ma frie owopsa a French! Ndi crustaceans, urchins zam'nyanja, mussels, clams, ndipo nthawi zina nsomba. Chifukwa chake, samadwala kunenepa kwambiri ndipo amalemera pang'ono - pafupifupi 18 kg. Ndi kukula, (pepani), kutalika kwa 2.4 metres - uku ndi mafashoni, mawonekedwe amakono.

Ngati mumakonda chithunzi ndi chithunzi, ndikukuuzani komwe mungawonane: mutha kupanga msonkhano kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean kuchokera ku zilumba za Aleutian komanso kugombe lakumwera kwa Alaska. Wopanga kwambiri adapita kukakhala ndi moyo wabwino ku California. Ndipo, zikuwoneka kuti, sanafike kumeneko molakwika. Koma palibe amuna ambiri olimba mtima chotere.

Khalani ndi tsiku labwino !! Ndipatseni moni kuchokera kwa ine.

Matalala akuya panyanja, phwando la mitembo yakuya

Kodi mudaganizapo zomwe zimachitika ndi mitembo yam'nyanja? Kodi mukuganiza kuti aliyense amadya, ndipo zotsalazo zimawola mwakachetechete komanso mwamtendere kufikira zitatheratu? Hehe, mukulakwitsa kwambiri. Zinthu zamasiku ano zidzakhala zosasangalatsa, koma kulodzedwa. Tilankhula za chisanu chozama cha kunyanja.

Pakuya kwamamita 3000, Chaka Chatsopano chimachitika tsiku lililonse!

Chipale Eya, chipale chofewa chomwe chili pansi pa madzi, wolemba, ndiwe wopusa? - Wowerenga aliyense amene akufuna atero. Inde, ndichoncho, mawu oti "chipale chofewa" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mophiphiritsa. Zomwe zimatchedwa chipale chofewa, pamenepa pamakhala zidutswa za nyama zikwizikwi zomwe zinafa pamwambapa. Ndi chipale chofewa chakufa.

Chonde dziwani kuti pazithunzi zam'nyanja mwakuya kwakukulu nthawi zambiri pamakhala zoyera.

Ingoganizirani kuti tili mumsasa wapansi ndipo tatsikira kuphompho. Ine ndi iwe titha kuwona bwino chodabwitsa ichi, kuyambira pa 1000 mita yomilizidwa mkati mwamadzi. Poyamba zidzakhala zosavomerezeka. Tikutembenukira pamalo owoneka amdima, tikupeza kuti madziwo ndi fumbi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachilengedwe, ngati chakudya cham'madzi chotchedwa dandelion, timadutsa mosiyanasiyana. Muli zidutswa za mitembo, zimbudzi, caviar ndi zotsalira za algae. Kuphatikiza pazachilengedwe, tinthu timeneti timakhala ndi mchenga, soot ndi zinthu zina zopanda zinthu.

Pakumaso kosazama kwamadzi abata, izi zitha kufotokozedwa mofooka.

"Mvula" yotereyi ndiye njira yokhayo yopezera chakudya kwa anthu ambiri okhala pansi. Ma arthropod, mphutsi, nsomba zakuya panyanja ndi echinoderm zimangopanga kusefa zochulukazo. Koma tiyeni tibwerere mwakuya kwambiri!

Ichi ndi chimphona chachikulu. M'malo mwake, nsabwe zazikuru kwambiri zamatabwa (osati pafupi mwadongosolo). M'moyo wake wonse, chilombochi chimasefa zotsalira pansi.

2000-3000 mita pansi pamadzi. Tsopano tili mumdima wathunthu. Ngakhale kuyang'ana m'mwamba, sitingaone lingaliro kuti pali kuwala kokulirapo. Kupanikizika pano ndi kopambana ndipo ndi zolengedwa zamphamvu kwambiri zokha zomwe zingakhale ndi moyo pano. Nanga bwanji chisanu? Chipale chakuzama kwambiri chimaululidwa muulemerero wake wonse! Pansi pa kupsinjika kotere, kugwa kwake kumachepera, ndipo tating'onoting'ono timakhala tomwe timatalikirana. Imapitilira komanso pang'onopang'ono. "Chipale chofewa" chimodzi chitha kugwera milungu yonse, chifukwa moyo pansi ndi wopanda pake.

Gawo la "chipale chofewa" m'masentimita angapo

Chipale chofewa cham'nyanja ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikufotokozera zochitikazi. zolimba zam'nyanja. Mukukumbukira? Pomwe timalowa pansi, zolengedwa zimakula. Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kumapangitsa phwando lonse, chifukwa mvula ndi chakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu yambiri yomwe imakhalamo imatchedwa "oyeretsa." Ndi mabastards owopsa omwe amadya chipale chofewa. Isopods, pantopods, chimphona chachikulu nsomba, nsomba zakuda pansi.

Pantopod, koyera koyera kangaude

M'madera ena, tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tofika pamtunda wamtunda, mwina sitingayerekeze n'komwe zolengedwa zomwe zingapezeke. Madzi akuzama sanaphunziridwe konse, sitikudziwa kuti amakhala ndani. Maulendo akuzama am'nyanja ndi osowa kwambiri. Pafupifupi deta yonse yokhudza nyama zomwe zimakhala mozama zimapezeka ndi asodzi omwe adazigwira mwangozi.

Kuzindikira kwam'nyanja. Dziwani kuti zithunzi zonse zenizeni za m'nyanja yakuya nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chipale chofewa.

Kuzindikira. Wina wokhala kudziko lina.

Madzi akuya ndi malo ovuta kukhalamo, koma pali chakudya chochuluka pamenepo. Ndipo komwe kuli zakudya zambiri - pali nyama zambiri ndipo, nthawi zambiri, zazikulu kwambiri. Kodi pulaneti yathuyi idatikonzera chiyani? Chabwino, dikirani ndipo muwone.

Mamitala 2000 pansi pa nyanja

Zikomo chifukwa chondisamalira :)

Amuna amakonda kukhala ndi pakati kuchokera ku akazi okongola

Kwa asodzi a nsomba ndi seahorses, kusamalira ana ndi ntchito yaumuna chabe. Amuna a nsomba zamtunduwu ali ndi thumba lapadera lonyamula mazira ndipo amapereka mazira ndi mpweya ndi michere. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nsomba yamphongo ya Syngnathus scovelli imasamala za mkazi uti akhale ndi pakati. Kukopa kwa mkazi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwake. Mwana wamkazi akakhala wamkulu, amakhala mwamunayo mwakufuna kwawo ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pochulukitsa ana.

Wamkazi Syngnathus scovelli wokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa abwino komanso wamphongo wokhala ndi thumba la ana pamimba pake. Chithunzi kuchokera gwsphotos.com

Monga lamulo, akazi amagwiritsa ntchito chuma chawo chochuluka mwa ana kuposa amuna. Chifukwa chake, "kubereka" kwamamuna nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochuluka, ndipo chachikazi - posachedwa. Izi zimabweretsa kusamvana pazokonda kusinthika pakati pa amuna ndi akazi (onani: mikangano yogonana mosinthika, mikangano yogonana). Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri pamachitika zinthu zina pomwe kusankha kumakhala koyenera kwa amuna omwe amatha kukhala ndi amuna ambiri momwe angathere ndi akazi ambiri momwe angathere, komanso kwa azimayi omwe amasankha kwambiri posankha bwenzi.
Kusamvana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumatha kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu. (Onani, mwachitsanzo: P. N. Peterv. Zingakhudze osati kukhwima pamakhalidwe ndi kusankha kwa wokondedwa, komanso ubale pakati pa makolo ndi ana, kuphatikizapo physiology yokhala ndi pakati. Mwachitsanzo, mbewa zazimayi zokhala ndi pakati zimatha "kusintha malingaliro" ndikuyambanso mazira awo ngati samanunkhiza abambo amtsogolo, koma wamphongo wina (wotchedwa "Bruce athari", onani: Bruce athari). Tanthauzo la kusinthaku ndikuti fungo lalikulu mwina ndi la wamwamuna wamkulu, yemwe ndi mnzake kwambiri wamatendawa (wonyamula mitundu yapamwamba) kuposa woluza wina yemwe samanunulanso.

Masewera a mating ku Syngnathus nigra. Chithunzi chochokera kwa bio.research.ucsc.edu

Kukula kwa kusinthaku kukufotokozedwa ndi lingaliro lakusankha kugonana. Kuti muwone zamangamanga, chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi mitundu yocheperako yomwe maudindo ogonana adatsegulidwa, ngati nsomba zina ndi mbalame (onani: Kusamalira makolo kwa ana omwe adabadwa ndi nthiwatiwa kuchokera kwa ma dinosaurs, "Elements", Disembala 23, 2008). Chiphunzitsochi chimaneneratu kuti ngati katundu wamkulu wosamalira mwana atengedwa ndi wamwamuna, ndiye kuti kuchepera sikungakhale kwa mkazi, koma kubereka kwa amuna. Malingaliro osankha zakugonana akuyenera kusintha. Zotsatira zake, akazi amayenera kukhala ngati "amuna", monga kuvala zovala zowoneka bwino ndikuchepetsa kusankha posankha bwenzi, ndipo amuna azikhala osasamala komanso osankha. Zambiri nthawi zambiri zimatsimikizira izi. Komabe, mpaka pano, kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, chodabwitsa chapadera cha "pakati wamwamuna" mu nsomba za banja la Syngnathidae sichinaphunzire konse. Amuna ambiri am'banja lino sanangokhala ndi vuto losamalira caviar - amakhala ndi pakati posenza mazimba m'chikwama chapadera, ndipo thupi limasinthanitsa ndi thupi la abambo ndi mazira.
Akatswiri azachilengedwe aku University of Texas adaganiza zofufuza ngati nsomba yamphongo ya Syngnathus scovelli ili ndi chilichonse chofanana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi "Bruce". Kuyesa kwawo kunawonetsa kuti amuna amtunduwu amatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimabadwa mwa mbadwa, kutengera mtundu wa mnzake.
Kuyesaku kunachitika ndi amuna 22. Mwamuna aliyense wamwamuna amakhala ndi akazi awiriawiri. Wamunayo sanapatsidwe ufulu (wamphongo adayikidwa mu samariyo ndi mkazi wosankhidwa mosasankhika), komabe, oyeserawo amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti wamkazi wapatsidwa nthawi yomwe angafune kunyengerera mnzake.
Amuna onse amakonda abwenzi akuluakulu: zazikuluzikulu zazikazi, mwamunayo zimamulola kuyikira mazira m'chikwama chake. Nthawi yomweyo, abambo akulu anali ndi mawonekedwe opusa kuposa abambo ang'ono. Kusankha koteroko posankha bwenzi kumakhala ngati nsomba zambiri (onani: Chifukwa chiyani nsomba zimapewa maukwati osakwanira, Ma Elements, 12.06.2009).
Pambuyo pa kukhwima, kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe agwidwa muchikwama chaimuna amawerengedwa. Pakatha masiku asanu ndi awiri (ndiye kuti pakati pakubala, komwe kumakhala pafupifupi sabata ziwiri zamtunduwu), ofufuzawo adayikanso zamunayo pansi pa microscope ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amakhala amapanga. Patatha tsiku limodzi pambuyo pobadwa, mwamunayo adabzalidwa ndi mkazi wina wosankhidwa mosadukiza, ndipo njirayi idabwerezedwanso.

Kumanzere: mazira ali m'thumba la mayi wapakati. Kumanja: Maikolofoni ya elekitoni yowonetsa ubale wapakati pa abambo ndi mwana wosabadwayo. Y ndiye yolk, E ndiye mluza, C ndiye chorion (chipolopolo cha mazira), YA ndiye khoma lakunja la thumba. Chithunzi cholemba kuchokera patsamba

Zinapezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amambawo amaloleza mkazi kuyala thumba lake moyenerera ndi kukula kwa chikazi. Kuchuluka kumeneku kuyesa kunachokera pa 4 mpaka 42 (avareji ya 22,5). Kupulumuka kwa ana kumachokera pa 0 mpaka 100% (avareji ya 71%) komanso zimatengera kukula kwa chikazi: chokulirapo mayi, ndikuthekera kwa mwana aliyense wosabadwa kuti abadwe bwino.
Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti yamphongo imatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe thupi lake limagwiritsa ntchito kubala, kutengera kukopa kwa mkazi. Mwa "kukopa" pankhaniyi timatanthawuza kukula, koma olemba akunena kuti zazikulu zazikazi komanso zachiwiri zogonana zimakonda kutchulidwa kuposa zazing'ono.

a, b - kudalira nthawi yofunikira kuti mkazi anyenge amuna, pa kukula kwa chikazi (a) komanso kusiyana pamlingo wamphongo ndi wamwamuna (b). c, d ndikutengera kwa kukula kwa akazi pa kuchuluka kwa mazira aikidwa mu thumba lamphongo (c), komanso pofanana ndi mazira omwe apulumuka (d). Kwa aliyense wamwamuna, zotsatira za yachiwiri ya mimba ziwiri zimawonetsedwa. Mkuyu. kuchokera pankhani yomwe ikukambidwa ku Nature

Zojambula zonyansa zazinyama.

Mwambiri, mwachidziwikire, "hema" monga liwu lachi Russian ndi kubwereketsa, ndipo mukatha kuwerenga "tententi", mungaganizire za tent tent. Koma zonse ndizovuta: liwu la Chingerezi limachokera ku lat. "Tentaculum", yomwe, imatitumizira kusewera kuti "tisiye" kapena "kuyesa", motero, kumatanthauza "kuyesa", "kumva". Chifukwa chake, ichi sichiri mtundu wina wamabodza onyentchera, choyambirira chazinthu zamalingaliro - uku ndi kulawa, uku ndiko kukhudza ndi malingaliro a dziko lapansi.

Polankhula za ma tententi okongola, akatswiri azachilengedwe omwe awonongedwa ndi chikhalidwe chotchuka nthawi zambiri amayimira ma octopus, kwambiri hydra, komanso Cthulhu woipitsitsa, kunyalanyaza mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa.

Mwachitsanzo, Erpeton tentaculatum, kapena njoka yachihemaAmadziwikanso kuti herpetone. Uwu ndi mtundu wokhawo komanso njoka yokhayo yokhala ndi ma tentpentachilengedwe. China chake. inde, mahema ali ndi mahema. Njokayo imakhala yocheperako kukula - sikutheka kutambasulira mbewuzo mpaka mita imodzi - imakhala m'madzi amatope aku Indochina. Ndiw poizoni, koma chifukwa cha kupendekera kwapadera sikowopsa kwa anthu. Poizoni amadziwika ndi nsomba, mano ndi ochepa, ndipo ma sumu oopsawa amakhazikika pakamwa.

Mukapanda kumunyengerera ndi ziwalo zathanzi komanso zofewa thupi, sizibweretsa mavuto. Moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa nyama imakhala yobisalira. Njokayo imakulungitsa mchira wawo kuzungulira phiko lalifupi ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofowoka. Njira yosaka ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo amaphunzira ndi chidwi ndi asayansi. Poona momwe nsomba zimayandikira ndi maula, njokayo imazizira ndi thupi lake lakumunsi, ndikuwopseza nsomba, ndiye ikayamba kayendedwe kuti ipulumutse, imagwera.

Mosiyana ndi njoka zambiri zomwe zimazinga nsomba zokha ndipo zimadalira modzizwa, herpiton imagwira danga lakutsogolo kwa chinsombacho, poganizira kuti ikasunthira komwe ikasweko. Asanafike kuukira, herpon uja amakoka mahema mumutu mdzina la chitetezo ichi.

Mwambiri, mwachidziwikire, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya eni masisitenti ndi yayikulu payokha.Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutayamba kukumba ma amphibians opanda miyendo, mwanjira yeniyeni komanso yofananira, mudzadabwitsidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu. Ngati ena atha kusokonezeka ndi ma nyongolomera, ena amatha kudzisamalira okha. Mwachitsanzo, nyongolotsi yochokera ku mtundu wa mphutsi zowona, Caecilia abitaguae:

Nyongolotsi, yomwe ndi vuto ku Ecuador, imayikira mazira ndipo imakhala pakati pa miyala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo. Ndi zonsezi, ku Ecuador, adapezeka m'malo awiri okha pamtunda wapakati wa Andes.

Timakumba nyongolotsiyo m'masamba ndikupita kukawafunafuna mahema. Pakati pa mphutsi, ambiri amakhala nawo mokwanira, makamaka pakati pa oimira genus Ichthyophis. Ndipo ndekha, ndimakonda kwambiri khumhzi, kapena, mosavuta, ntchentche zamtambo wopanda miyendo. Mwamuna wokongola amakula mpaka 40 cm, wogawidwa m'magawo 127. Amakhala pafupi ndi mtsinje wokha wa Agoh ku Manipur, India. Makhoza kubisala. Amadya chilichonse chomwe chimatha kusuntha komanso kulowera. Alinso ndi zomata zazing'ono kwambiri. Inde, ndi Mzere umodzi. Ndizachilendo.

Njoka za nsomba ndi nyama zoyambiriratu, ngakhale mikhalidwe ya nyongolotsi. Asayansi amaziyika pochepetsa kwambiri chifukwa cha pakamwa, zonse zili nazo kale kuti zipange kukhala zosavuta, koma izi zidakali ndi achule omwe ali ndi mamba achindunji, otsalira komanso kutsitsa kwa mchira.

"Aa, kodi ndiye chihema?" - mukuti - "Ndi ang'ono kwambiri!" Mukufuna chiyani? Thupi? Thunthu lake ndi corny. Simungathe kunyalanyaza nyenyezi ya intaneti komanso mfumu yamatenti ang'onoang'ono. Stargazer, kapena nyenyezi ikubwera. Wokhala ku North America. Amatchedwa kuti asterisk pamaso pa 22 akutuluka. Ngati lero simungadabwe aliyense ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi moyo wamadontho, ndiye kuti malingaliro awo akuphunziridwabe.

Nyenyezi yam nyenyezi yophimbidwa mu ziwalo za Eimer's. Pamaso pa nyamayi pali mitundu yoposa 20,000 ya nyamayi.Ikakulitsidwa, imawoneka ngati timiyala tating'onoting'ono, tambirimbiri tomwe ndi sangweji yopangidwa kuchokera ku khungu la Merkel kapena mechanoreceptor. Kuphatikiza pa mechanoreceptor, ma nipples amakhala ndi ma receptors a ululu komanso kugwedezeka. Chifukwa chake, chilombocho chili kale ndi misasa 22 pankhope pake yokutidwa ndi ma nipples, ndipo yonse ili ndi masensa a ululu, kukhudza komanso kugwedezeka.

Kutembenukira kwa okhala padziko lapansi lakumadzi, ndikufuna kuchoka pazinthu zosowa kwambiri ndikuyamba ndi nsomba zam'madzi zapafupi kwambiri. Zili pafupi, choyambirira, chifukwa ndi nsomba zam'madzi, osati chifukwa zimatha kugwidwa munyanja yapafupi. Mwakasinthika, chihema ngati chiwalo champhamvu chakhazikitsidwa komwe kulibe china chothandiza - komwe kulibe kanthu koyang'ana, kopanda kunyoza kapena kumvetsera, ndipo mutha kungogwira ndi luso lanu pang'onopang'ono.

Kwenikweni, inu nonse mumadziwa kuti nsomba za mphaka ndizofunikira. Koma ena, omwe ndi Somiki-Antsistra, adapita patali. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi Ancistrus hoplogenys, kapena nyenyezi nyota. Nsombazo ndizabwino kuzungulira mbali zonse. Choyamba, awa ndi banja la ma chain a catfish, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amaponyedwa zida. Mwanjira yeniyeni. M'malo mamba, ali ndi mafupa omwe amapanga zida zankhondo. Titha kuyerekezera ndi sturgeon kapena sterlet, koma omalizawo amakhala ndi mbale ziwiri zankhondo. Ndipo Antsistrus, monga knight chakale, amamangidwa kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi.

Kachiwiri, ili ndi mtundu wosatheka: nyenyezi zakuthambo kudzera m'maso mwa woledzera. Mdima wakuda kwathunthu wa khungu lalikulu umalowa m'matumba oyera. Mukayang'anitsitsa izi, ndikuyandama m'madzi, mutha kuwona maso awiri akuthwa osakhala mbali, koma pamwamba pamutu - iwo amakuyang'anirani, ndipo mumayang'ana. Ndipo kokha pakona kwa diso lanu, osasokoneza kuyang'anana ndi wina ndi mnzake, mumazindikira kuchokera pansipa. ambiri mahema.

Kukula kwa tenti ndi chida chapadera cha amuna. Sakonda kukula mpaka 10 cm.Chilengedwe chake, amakhala m'matope am'madzi a Amazon, mitsinje ya Paraguay ndi Essekibo, ndipo amadya algae. Koma mukayamba kupita ku zithunzi za google za Antsistrus pa intaneti, mudzadabwa kuti muwapeza akudya zukini ndi nkhaka zikagonera m'mizinda.

Star Antsistrus ali ndi m'bale amapasa - Star Antsistrus (Ancistrus hoplogenys). Kunja, sangathe kusiyanitsidwa. Koma stelar ndi yayikulu pang'ono, yopepuka pang'ono ndipo imakhala patali pang'ono, m'mapiri a Amazon. Koma tanthauzo lake ndi lomweli. Zilonda zamaso.

Timakwawa! Mwambiri, ngati tiyamba kufunafuna ma tententi otizungulira, timangofunika kupeza nkhono kapena ulesi. Koma kumbukirani kuti onse awiri amangokhala dzina wamba la moyo wa gastropod. Ngati mungapeze imodzi yamoyo, momwe mungathere: mahema awiri apamwamba ndi mahema am'maso ndi kununkhira, ndipo otsika amakoma ndi kukhudza. Chifukwa chake, ngati mutakweza chala chanu ndipo chikukukhudzani ndi m'munsi - sichabwino, ngati mumayang'ana ndi omwe ali pamwamba - ndiye kuti zonse zili bwino.

Nkhono yozizira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - Crysomallon squamiferum. Amakhala pafupi ndi akasupe amadzi amadzimadzi ambiri. Kuzama pafupifupi 2 km. Kuphatikiza pa nkhanu zachinyengo palibe aliyense kumeneko. Ndipo kutentha kumasintha madigiri makumi mkati mwa mita imodzi. Pafupifupi palibe chakudya. Ndipo khandalo - ndipo silikulira kupitirira 5 cm - walowa mu gehena wakuya mailosi zana. Anachepetsa kukula kwa chimbudzi ndi ma 10, ndikubweretsa mabakiteriya ofunikira kugaya sulfide, ndikuwonjezera zida zake. Zotsatira zake zinali mwendo wokhala ndi ma spikes azitsulo, kuthekera kudya chitsulo, chipolopolo chosagwirizana ndi kukakamizidwa ndi kutentha, kotha kupirira kuthana ndi nkhanu zomwe sizikuchitika nthawi zonse. Sinki, panjira, ilinso ndi mankhwala ena azitsulo.

Monga malo oyamba, mfumu ya mahema onse ndi cthulhu wosalankhula, ndikadasankha Nautilus pompilius. O okondedwa, ma octopus, cuttlefish, octopus ndi squid ali kuti? Choyamba, mumadziwa bwino za iwo popanda ine. Kachiwiri, nautilus imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri. Iye ndi wamkulu kuposa octopus ndipo amakhala padziko lapansi kuyambira ku Cambria, pomwe chikwama choyamba cha inki, kusindikiza kwa maso ndi makapu awiri oyamwa kuchokera pa octopus adabadwa zaka 296 miliyoni zapitazo. Katswiriyu anali wa Polsepia.

Kuphatikiza apo, natiulas nafe kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchokera ku cephalopods osavulaza, kapena makamaka zipolopolo zawo, tapanga coasters, matebulo, ma jugs ndi zinthu zina zirizonse kuyambira nthawi zakale. Choonadi sichidziwika ngati tikadachita izi tikadadziwa momwe amagwirira ntchito pomira. Mwachidule, awa ndi fanizo la m'madzi apamadzi, pomwe kumbuyo kwa chipolopolo kumakhala gawo la ballast ndi mpweya chipinda. Kodi pompilius amapeza kuti gasi, mumafunsa? Chabwino. ndizachilengedwe, ndipo chifukwa cha kachitidwe kamtunduwu, kotengeka, izi ndizowonjezera zake.

Mwendo wake wanthawi zonse wa nkhono unakhazikika pakapangidwe kovuta: apa mupeza chubu chamoto chotsogolera chovala, ndi chokhacho chakukwawa pansi ndikudzaza zinthu zokoma. Ponena za mahema, sizinapite pachabe kuti ndinamucha iye mfumu ya izi. Nautilus amakula mpaka mahema a mahema 90, omwe amatha kugwira chakudya, kumamatira kuzungulira malo ndi zosangalatsa kusunthira mbali zonse, akuyenda ndi mafunde aku nyanja.

Kaya adanyamuka, kapena tili pansi.

Zithunzi ndi zithunzi zanga zina pagulu https://vk.com/endofcolor

Anthu okhala munyanja yakuzama.

Zimphona zazikulu zam'nyanja, zenizeni, ngati mamilimita 12 a squid architeutis ndi zigamba zazikulu za umuna, kapena "njoka zam'madzi", nthawi zonse zimakondweretsa malingaliro a anthu. Chifukwa, mwanjira, chimphona? Pano pali lamulo lina lazachilengedwe - kukhazikitsidwa kwa gigantism yakuzama panyanja. Chifukwa chake zolengedwa zambiri zam'nyanja zomwe zimakhala m'madzi akuya mozama kwambiri ndizokulirapo sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Chomwe chimagwira ntchito yayikulu apa: kukakamizidwa, chakudya chochepa (pakakhala chakudya chochepa, chamoyo chimakula kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo chimatha kukhala chokulirapo) kapena choonjezera? Zowonadi, kuya kuya kwamadzi, madzi nthawi zonse kumakhala ozizira kuposa pamtunda, ndipo munyanja zam'madzi zotere mulinso zimphona zambiri. Kuchuluka kwa thupi, kumachepetsa mawonekedwe ake, motero, kusuntha pang'ono. Ndipo izi sizikugwira ntchito pazamoyo zam'madzi zokha: mwachitsanzo, chimbalangondo cha polar ndichachikulupo poyerekeza ndi anzawo akuda, okhala kumwera.

Khalidwe la nyanja yam'madzi, yowopsa anthu, ndi squid wamkulu yemwe akuyenera kukoka chombo chonse pansi pamadzi. Nthano za izi zidakhalapo kuyambira nthawi zakale, ndipo m'nthawi yathu ino, a Peter Benchley, wolemba buku lotchedwa "The Beast" komanso cholembedwa cha filimu yotchulidwa, adayesera kuchita ziwanda, monga momwe zimachitira ndi shaki yoyera. Aristotle adalembanso za nyama zazikulu zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mahema ambiri okhala ndi makapu oyamwa. Anthu omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Europe anali ndi nthano za zimphona zazikulu zam'nyanja - zodumphira, zomwe zinaukira zombo. Mwinanso kutchulidwa koyamba kwa nyama zam'nyanja zodabwitsazi kudayamba mu 1555. Mu 1582, Bishop wa Bergen, Eric Ludwigsen Pontoppidan, adasindikiza The Natural History of Norway. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ake, krvet ndi chilombo: "yayikulu, yosalala komanso mikono yambiri kapena nthambi." Kusunthira kumbuyo kwa cholengedwa ichi "... mozungulira panali mamailosi angapo a Chingerezi ndipo poyang'ana koyamba kumawoneka ngati zilumba zingapo zosiyana, ndipo mahema ake amafikira kukula kwa kukula kwa kukula kwa chombo." Chilombochi chimati chikhoza kumira sitima zazikulu. Mwachidziwikire, zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri zakale kwambiri kuti omwe adapanga filimu "Pirates of the Caribbean" amakhala ndi moyo weniweni.

Mu 1861, nthanozi zidakhala ndi moyo: Corvette "Alekton" wa ku France adagundana ndi chimtengo chachikulu, chomwe chidapangidwa ndi mahema. Gulu lonse linatenga nawo mbali pomenya nkhondoyi. Nyamayo idawomberedwa, ziwiya zankhondo adaponyedwa ndikuyesera kuzikoka ndi madzi ndi zibowo. Lipoti la Captain Corvette pankhani iyi lidawerengedwa pamsonkhano wa French Academy of Science ndi kunyozedwa ndi akatswiri ophunzira. Mwa 70s okha. XIX century zidutswa za thupi la cephalopod wamkuluyu zidagwera m'manja mwa asayansi, ndipo zidafotokozedwa: dzina lasayansi ndi squid wamkulu, kapena architeuthis (Architeuthis). Nthawi zambiri mitembo ya zimphona zazikulu ndi ziwalo za matupi awo zimapezeka zimatsukidwa kumtunda, komanso m'mimba mwa mauna owala omwe amakhala. Omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "owona" adachita chidwi ndi "nkhonya" za ziboda zam'muna zomwe zimakhala ndi cephalopods yayikulu, koma zenizeni kuti kuchuluka kwawo ndi mphamvu zake sizingafanane, izi ndizofanana ndikulemba za nkhondo ya mphaka ndi mbewa. Zoyimira zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zidapezeka zinali 18 m, koma zambiri (12 m) zidagwera pamatende. Malingaliro omwe architeutises amatha kutalika kwa 30 m amachokera pa kuyeza zikuluzikulu zozungulira kuchokera ku makapu oyamwa pakhungu la umuna wokhala ndi minyewa, koma ndizosavuta kuganiza kuti mabala awa amasiyidwa ndi magulu wamba achikazi pamatupi a ana achule aang'ono, omwe pambuyo pake amakula, ndikutsatira makapu oyamwa otambasuka pamodzi ndi khungu. Architeutises amakhala m'malo amtunda kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri ndipo akuya ma kilomita angapo ndipo samapezeka pamtunda, nthawi zambiri awa ndi nyama odwala kapena akufa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kujambula squid wamkulu wokhala kumalo ake achilengedwe kunali kotheka m'zaka zathu zino - izi zidachitika ndi asayansi aku Japan.

Kodi ma squid akuluakulu ndi oopsa kwa zombo? Mwina, koma zazing'ono chabe. M'mphepete mwa Newfoundland mu 1873, squid wamkulu adatchinga bwato losodza ndi mahema ndikuwakweza pansi, asodziwo adasowa, koma mwana wazaka 12 yemwe adawonekera m'bwatomo adapulumutsa izi: iye adatenga mpeni ndikudula chihema kupita kwa chinsomba, kenako adamasula bwatolo ndikuthawira kuzama. . Mu 30s. Zaka zana zapitazi, woyendetsa thanki waku Norwe Brunswick yemwe adasamukira ku matani 15,000 adawukiridwa katatu ndi squid wamkulu. Nthawi iliyonse, squid amabwera kumbali ya thankiyo, mwadzidzidzi amatembenuka, amagundana ndi chotengera ndikuyesera kuzungulira khoma lake ndi ma tent tent. Kodi anafunika chiyani? Kodi adatengera chombo kuti chikhale chinsomba? Nthawi ndi nthawi, milandu yofananayi imachitika, koma popanda zotsatira zake zombo ndi anthu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zaposachedwa kudachitika mu Januware 2003 pa nthawi yoyendetsa ndege. Nyama yayikulu pafupifupi mamita 8 itagunda othamanga wa ku France dzina lake Olivier de Curzon pachilumba cha Madeira. Anazungulira bwatolo ndi matenti, ndipo ma tententi awiri adatseka chiwongolero. "Ndidaona chihema kudzera pakhonde, chinali chokulirapo kuposa mwendo wanga, ndipo chilombo ichi chidayesetsa kuyendetsa kanyumba kanga," watero bambo wachaka. Bwato lidatayika, ndipo m'mene adaimilira, gologolo adatsegula mikono yake ndikupita kunyanja.

Komabe, monga momwe zimakhalira, zimphona zazikulu sindiyo wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa cephalopods. Mu 2004, malo otchedwa Mesosschoteuthis hamiltoni woyamba adagwidwa amoyo mu madzi a Antarctic, wopatsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ma cephalopod omwe akudziwika tsopano, akufika mpaka 14m kutalika komanso "odya" kwambiri, mosiyana ndi "architeutis" wocheperako, yemwe salinso ikhoza kuonedwa ngati ngwazi. Nyama yayikulayi, mwinanso - squid wamkulu wa ku Antarctic, kapena kuti nyanja ya Antarctic, yakhala ikudziwika kuyambira 1925, koma sikuti imagwera m'manja mwa anthu - kwenikweni sinali nyamayi yokha, koma zidutswa zake. Mu 2007, mu Ross Nyanja, asodzi aku New Zealand ovuta kwambiri adatuluka m'madzi natumiza kudziko lakwawo kuti akaphunzire chidole chachikulu chonse chomwe chidagwa m'manja mwa munthu wolemera makilogalamu 450.

Nthawi zina squid wamkulu amatchedwa Humboldt squid, zomwe sizowona. Ma squumb a Humboldt amasiyana kwambiri kukula kwakukulu - mpaka 1.9 mamita m'litali ndi chovala mpaka 50 makilogalamu (nthawi zina zochulukirapo). Amakhala kudera lonse la Humboldt pagombe la Pacific ku America. Izi ndi mitundu yamalonda. Mobwerezabwereza panali mbiri yokhudza kuwukira kwa squid awa kwa asodzi ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, koma izi zonse zidakwiyitsa anthu. Nyama ya Humboldt imatha kukoka munthu mwakuya, koma ma cephalopods amenewa amawoneka pokhapokha mumdima. Ponena za ma octopus, wamkulu kwambiri mwa iwo - octopus wa Doflein, kapena wamkulu - si wamkulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri samalemera kupitirira 10 kg. Anthu akuluakulu olemera 30 kg wolemera mpaka 1.5 m, koma nthawi zina zitsanzo zazikulu zimapezekanso. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, ku Asia ndi America, komanso ku zilumba za Kuril ndi Commander. Octopus wamkulu kwambiri wa Doflein angachite ndikuyesa kutenga kamera kutali ndi diver.

Komabe, nyanja imadzibisa yokha osati zodabwitsa zazikulu, komanso nyama zambiri, zomwe sizikudziwika sayansi - mwinanso sizodziwika bwino, koma modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2006, akatswiri azomera zam'madzi atapeza mitundu 80 yazamoyo zomwe sizinadziwikepo, kuphatikizapo nkhanu zikuluzikulu zolemera mpaka 4 kg ndi shrimp, zomwe sizinasinthebe kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ya Jurassic.

Buku "Anthu ndi nyama. Zabodza ndi zenizeni ”Olga Arnold.

Johnson's Melanocetus Habitat

Ma melanocyte a Johnson amakhala m'madzi am'madzi otentha kwambiri.

Mphutsi ndi achikulire amakhala pamtunda wamadzi apamwamba kwambiri.

Kuya komwe oyimilira amtunduwu amatha kuwonekera kuchokera pamamita zana mpaka makilomita anayi. Chifukwa chake, ma melanocyte a Johnson adatha kudziwa bwino madera am'nyanja ndi nyanja.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mphutsi za pelagic zimakonda kukhala m'madzi apamwamba kwambiri amtali, komwe amakula mpaka kukhala munthu wamkulu.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.