Nyama zokongola izi zimakhala ku Asia Minor, kumapiri a Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus ndi mapiri a Balkan. Amakonda kukwera m'nkhalango, chifukwa chilimwe chimakwera mapiri, pomwe anthu ochepa amawasokoneza, ngati pali chakudya chokwanira.
Kutalika kwa thupi 80 - 100cm, kutalika kufota pafupifupi 70cm, kulemera kwanyama 30 - 50kg. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, 8cm yokha. Thupi limakhala lolimba, miyendo ndi yopyapyala, yotsika, mutu umakhala wocheperako ndi chopumira. Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi nyanga; kutalika kwake sikupita 25cm. Makutu ndi aatali komanso owongoka, maso ndi akulu. Mtundu wozizira ndi wosiyana ndi chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, khungu limakhala lofiirira, m'mimba limakhala loyera (hairline kutalika 10 cm), m'chilimwe kumbuyo kumakhala kofiirira, ndipo m'mimba ndi chikasu-lalanje (hairline kutalika 3 cm). Pakati pawo, amalankhula ndi mawu, amaliza mluzu pangozi. Chamois amalumpha bwino ndikusuntha pamiyala ndi mapiri otsetsereka, othamanga, odala ndi odekha. Nthawi yomweyo, amaiwala za kusamala ndipo nthawi zonse amamvetsera mosamala. Tikuwona kuti kuwona kwawo, kumva ndi kununkhira kumapangidwa bwino.
Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (anthu 10-30), awa ndi akazi okhala ndi nyama zazing'ono mpaka zaka ziwiri. Mtsogoleri ndi wachikazi wodziwa zambiri, aliyense amamumvera. Pomwe aliyense akudyetsa, wina amayang'anira, yemwe amakhala ndi bata. Amuna achikulire amakonda kukhala pawekha, kumangolowetsa ng'ombe pakangotha msambo. Amadya masamba ndi udzu, mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba ndi mitengo. M'chilimwe pali chakudya chambiri kuposa nthawi yozizira. Matalala akakhala mozungulira, muzisangalala ndi chakudya chilichonse, zimatafuna zitsamba zazing'ono ndi kukumba moss ndi lichens, komanso udzu wokalamba. Ndizovuta kwambiri kupulumuka nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri nyama zimagwidwa ndi zilala ndi njala, makamaka ana. Adani omwe amafunanso kudya ndikukhala chaka chonse amasokoneza miyoyo yawo: zimbalangondo, anyani, mimbulu. Monga mukudziwa, oyenera kwambiri amapulumuka.
Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kunyada kumayamba kwakanthawi, ndipo chibwenzi champhongo zazimayi chimayamba. Koma sikuti zonse ndizophweka, kuti mukwaniritse chikazi, mukufunikirabe kumenya nkhondo ndi mdani - wamwamuna wina. Wopambana amapita kwa akazi onse akuluakulu agululo. Mimba imakhala nthawi yonse yozizira komanso yophukira (masiku 150 - 200). Mu Juni, ana amabadwa, pakhoza kukhala 1 mpaka 3. Atatha kuyanika ndikupeza mphamvu pang'ono, kumwa mkaka wa amayi, amamutsatira. Ana amatetezedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa, posakhalitsa amayamba kudumphadumpha. Amadyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere kwa miyezi itatu.
Mawonekedwe
Kutalika, oimira ma bovidwawa amafikira masentimita 70-80. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 107-135. Kulemera kwa amuna kumafikira 30-60 kg, mwa akazi ndi 25-25. Mchira wake ndi wafupi. Imakhala yosaoneka, ndipo ndiyotheka kupanga ndi matumbo okha. Zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zili ndi nyanga zazifupi, zakugwada kumbuyo. Amuna ndi akulu. Tizilomboti tifupikitsa, makutu ndi akuthwa, miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yochepa thupi.
Mtundu wa ubweya umasiyanasiyana nthawi yotentha komanso yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, pomwe m'mimba imakhala yopepuka. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu wa ubweya umakhala imvi. Pali mikwingwirima yakuda pafupi ndi maso. Mzere wakuda udzafika kumbuyo. Mkati mwa miyendoyo ndi yoyera. Mutu uli ndi mtundu wonyezimira.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mimba imatenga masiku 170. Monga lamulo, mwana mmodzi amabadwa mu Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Julayi. Nthawi zambiri mapasa, ndipo nthawi zina maulendo atatu. Kulemera kwa zatsopano ndi 2-3 kg. Nthawi yomweyo amayamba kutsatira amayi ake kulikonse. Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga miyezi 6. Mayiyo akamwalira, azimayi enawo amasamalira khandalo.
Amuna achichepere amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka zaka zitatu, kenako nkumalumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Amakhala mwa iwo mpaka zaka 8, mpaka atakhwima, ndipo aliyense wa iwo samakhala gawo lina. Kukula mwakugonana mwa akazi kumachitika zaka zakubadwa za 2,5, ndipo mwa amuna a zaka zapakati pa 3.5 mpaka 4. Kutchire, chamois amakhala zaka 15-17, ali mu ukapolo, amakhala zaka 22.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino
Akazi okhala ndi ana aang'ono amakhala mu gulu la anthu, omwe chiwerengero chawo ndi 15-100 payokha. Amuna akuluakulu amakhala moyo wopanda wokha kwa chaka zambiri. Nthawi ya rutoyi, yomwe imayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa Novembala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Disembala, amakhala mwamwano ndipo amachita nawo nkhondo yomenyera akazi. Kulimbana kotereku kumatha kutha pa imfa ya m'modzi mwa anyamatawo.
Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera. M'chilimwe ndimakhala udzu womwe umamera mumatanthwe otsetsereka, ndipo nthawi yozizira umadyedwa ndi singano. Chamois amapumula pakati pa tsiku ndipo amatha kukhala otakataka pausiku wapadera. Nyama izi zimawonongeka chifukwa cha miyala, miliri ndi zilombo. Kuthawa kuthamangitsidwa, amatha kufikira liwiro la 50 km / h. Amalumphira 2 metres, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 6 mita. Adani akuluakulu ndi a Iberian lynx ndi nkhandwe. Chiwerengero cha mitundu iyi ku Europe ndi anthu 400,000.
Mutu
Chamois - kuchokera ku Proto-Slavic * sьrna * ḱerh₂- "nyanga", ndiye kuti, kwenikweni "ndi nyanga". Komabe, Pre-Slavic ndi Prabaltoslavian mawu ofananawo sanatanthauze chamois, koma roe dees. Tanthauzo la "chamois" ndizokhazokha pazilankhulo za East Slavic. Mwachitsanzo, bolg. syrna ndi lit. stirna amatanthauza roe agulu. Mawu okhudzana - lat. cerva "nguluwe" ndipo ng'ombe, yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndibwereke kuchokera ku chilankhulo china cha Celtic.
Liwu Lachilatini la chamois rupicapra kwenikweni limatanthawuza "mbuzi yamwala", ngakhale kuti mu Latin chamois amatchedwa mbuzi (capra), doe (kuwononga) kapena deer (cervula).
Kufotokozera
Kukula kwa chamois ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi kutalika ndi 75 cm kufota. Mchirawo ndi waufupi kwambiri, kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 8. Kulemera kwa chamois kumayambira 30 mpaka 50 kg. Ali ndi thupi lolimba komanso lolimba ndi khosi lofiirira, chifupi chachifupi, makutu akuthwa, omwe kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi theka kutalika kwa mutu. Ma Chamois ali ndi miyendo yayitali yothina ndi ziboda zopyapyala, komanso nyanga zomwe zimafika 25 cm zomwe zimapindika kumbuyo, mwachilengedwe amuna ndi akazi. Kumbuyo kwawo kuli dzenje lomwe chibisika chomwe chimayamba kufinya chimasungidwa nthawi yakukhwima.
M'nyengo yotentha, ma chamois amakhala amtundu wofiirira; utoto pamimba wake ndi wachikasu. Kumbuyo kwake amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yofiirira, khosi lake ndi loyera. Kumbuyo kwa miyendo ndikuyera, mchira kumunsi ndi wakuda pamphepete. Chingwe chakuda chimachokera kumakutu mpaka kumaso. M'nyengo yozizira, ma chamois amakhala a bulauni pamwamba komanso oyera pansipa. Miyendo ndi mutu ndizoyera.
Kufalitsa
Chamois amakhala kumapiri a Alps ndipo amapezeka kuchokera ku French Savoy kupita ku Dalmatia, komanso ku Pyrenees, Vosges, Mapiri a Balkan ndi Carpathians. Mitundu yawo ilinso ndi Caucasus Yaikulu ndi Yocheperako, Mapiri a Pontic ndi Asia Minor. Ku Russia, ma chamois amakhala mu Greater Caucasus Range. A Chamois amakhala m'mapiri okhala m'nkhalangozi, nthawi yotentha nthawi zambiri amakwera m'mapiri. Ngati ali wokwiya pansi, amakwera m'miyala, komwe sikungatheke kwa munthu, komwe, m'mawa kwambiri, amapanga zimbudzi pamiyala yamapiri pakati pa miyala. M'nyengo yozizira, amatsikira m'nkhalango.
Adani ndi Zoopsa
Adani achilengedwe a chamois ndi lynxes, mimbulu ndi zimbalangondo. Nthawi zina achinyamata a chamois amagwidwa ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Chiwopsezo cha chamois chimayimiridwanso ndi miyala ikugudubuka ndi zidutswa zamiyala, komanso ma avalo omwe ana amodzi amayamba kufa. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, ma chamois ambiri amagwa ndi njala.
Habitat
Kuwona momwe magawidwe a chamois amakhudzira mapiri a ku Europe ndi Caucasus. Nyama zimakhala kumapiri a Alps ndi Pyrenees, Carpathians, mapiri a Balkan, a Greater ndi pafupifupi onse a Lesser Caucasus, ku Asia Minor. Ku Russia, chamois amakhala ku Greater Caucasus Mountain Range.
Malo okondedwa omwe akukhalamo ndi m'matanthwe ndi m'mapiri yokutidwa ndi nkhalango. Amatha kupezeka mu nkhalango iliyonse - birch, fir, osakanizidwa, koma amakonda coniferous. M'nthawi yachilimwe, amakwera m'miyala yamiyala yambiri, pomwe amadumphira mwaluso m'miyala ndi m'miyala. M'nyengo yozizira, kuzizira kumakakamizidwa kutsikira kunkhalango yamtchire.
Masanjidwe
Gawani mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya ma chamois:
- Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra — Chamois wamba , magulu osankhidwa, amakhala kumapiri a Alps,
- Rupicapra rupicapra asiatica — Anatolian chamois , kapena Turkish chamois , kum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Turkey, ofufuza ena ali odziimira pawokha Rupicapra asiatica ,
- Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica — Balkan Chamois , mapiri a Chigawo cha Balkan,
- Rupicapra rupicapra carpatica — Carpathian chamois , wokhala Carpathians, imadziwika ngati akatswiri ena ochita kafukufuku Rupicapra carpatica ,
- Rupicapra rupicapra cartusiana — Chartres Chamois , Mapiri a Chartreuse kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa French Alps,
- Rupicapra rupicapra Caucasica — Caucasian chamois Mapiri a Caucasus,
- Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica - Matrasti.
Chamois moyo komanso zakudya
Ponena za moyo wa chamois, amakhala m'gulu la anthu 20 mpaka 100. Pakati pa ng'ombe simudzakumana ndi amuna, akazi okhaokha ndi ana amuna. Amuna amakhala mosiyana, akukhala ndi moyo pachaka. Nthawi ikakwana yoti aberekane, ndipo izi zatsala kumapeto kwa Novembala - kuyambira kwa Disembala, amuna amakhala okwiya komanso kumenyera akazi. Kulimbana kumakhala kowopsa, ndipo nthawi zina kumatha mu imfa ya m'modzi wa omenyayo.
Chamois amadya zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimapezeka kwa iwo. M'chilimwe, izi ndizitsamba zambiri ndi mphukira zazing'ono. M'nyengo yozizira - singano ndi makungwa a mitengo yaying'ono. Masana, nyama izi zimapuma nthawi zambiri, koma tsiku lokhala ndi mwezi zimayamba kugwira ntchito. Kuthawa nyama yolusa, chamois imatha kuthamanga mpaka 50 km / h.
Komanso, kuti asiyane ndi kuthamangitsa, amatha kudumpha mamita 6 kutalika, ndikudumphira zopinga mpaka mita 2 kutalika. Chidani chachikulu chomwe chimasaka chamois ndi phyrenan lynx, komanso nkhandwe yanthawi zonse. Ku Europe, pali ziweto pafupifupi 400,000 za ma chamois.
Mtsogoleri wa gululi ndi wachikazi wodziwa zambiri, ndipo amuna achikulire omwe amakhala okhaokha amangoyendera ng'ombe kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Kubereka kwa chamois
Nthawi ya chaka imayamba mu Disembala, kapena kutha kwa Novembala. Nthawi zambiri, mayi amakhala ndi pakati pafupifupi masiku zana ndi atatu, kenako amabala mwana mbuzi imodzi, ndipo kawirikawiri, amphongo awiri kapena atatu. Kulemera kwambiri kwa khanda kumakhala pafupifupi kilogalamu 2-3, ndipo nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse amatsatira amayi ake.
Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake, pakudya mkaka, ma chamois ang'ono amayamba kudya zakudya zamtundu uliwonse. Mayiyo akamwalira osadyetsa mwana wake, sadzatayidwa - akazi ena a mkhola azimuyang'anira.
Amphongo amayenda ndi amayi awo mpaka zaka 2-3, kenako amasokera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo amakhala ngati izi mpaka atatha msinkhu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi zaka 8. Pambuyo pake, aliyense wamwamuna amalowa m'gawolo, lomwe amalilankhula modzipereka kwambiri komanso mosamala.
Chakudya cha Chamois chimakhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono za zitsamba za mitengo ya alpine ndi mitengo, komanso udzu ndi masamba.
Akazi amakula pofika zaka za pakati pa 2 ndi 2 mpaka 3, ndipo pa msinkhu uwu amakhala okonzeka kubereka.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nyama za nyanga iyi pafupifupi zaka 15-17. Ku ukapolo, ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso zakudya, chamois amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka 22-23.
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Zojambula ndi malo a chamois
Chamois chinyama ndi oimira gulu la anyani, kukula kwawo sikoposa 75 cm, ndipo kulemera kwawo ndi 50 kg. Ma Chamois ndi nyama zokongola kwambiri, torso wawo ndi waufupi, ndipo miyendo yawo ndi yayitali, m'malo mwake, ndi yayitali, imatha kufika mita imodzi, ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyitali kuposa yakutsogolo. Mutu wa chamois ndi wamtundu wautali, wokhala ndi nyanga mkati mwake: molunjika kumunsi, kumapeto kwawo amakhala ndi kuwerama.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa chamois umatengera nyengo: nthawi yozizira imakhala chokoleti chakuda, m'mimba mumakhala ofiira, pansi pamizere ndi mmero ndi ofiira. M'nyengo yotentha, chamois chimakhala ndi ubweya wamfupi, ofiira ndi tint wofiira, m'mimba ndichopepuka, mutu ndiwofanana ndi thupi.
Zovala za Chamois ndi zazitali pang'ono poyerekeza ndi ziwalo zina za mbuzi. A Chamois amakhala kumapiri a Carpathian, Pontic ndi Caucasian, Pyrenees, Alps ndi mapiri a Asia Minor.
Ma Chamois omwe amakhala m'mapiri a Caucasus ali osiyana pang'ono ndi Western Western Europe omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a chigaza, motero amawatumiza ku subspecies ina.
Malo omwe Chamois amakonda amakhala ndi miyala komanso miyala m'mphepete mwa mitengo ina, m'nkhalango zowirira komanso malo obiriwira, ndi m'nkhokwe zomwe zimamva bwino kwambiri. Pofufuza chakudya, chamois amatsikira m'matchire.
Pofunafuna malo okhalamo abwino, ma chamois amatha kukwera makilomita atatu, koma malo okhala ndi chipale chofewa ndi chipale chofewa amapewa. Nyamazi zimakonda kwambiri malo okhala ndipo zimawonekera pamalo otsetsereka nthawi yomweyo, sizimachita mantha ndi kukhalapo kwa osaka, kapena abusa okhala ndi ziweto.
Chamois chikhalidwe ndi moyo
Mountain chamois Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi zina amagwirizana m'magulu angapo, ngati gulu lotere lasonkhanitsidwa, mtsogoleri ndiye wamkazi wachikulire wodziwa zambiri.
Monga lamulo, ndi zazikazi zomwe zimapezeka m'gulululi, zazimuna sizilowa m'gululo ndipo zimangokhala payokha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono amphongo, ndipo zimangofanana ndi gulu la nkhuku nthawi yakukhwima.
M'nyengo yotentha, ma chamois amakhala m'mapiri, ndipo amasunthira pansi nthawi yozizira, ndiye nthawi yozizira yomwe ili nthawi yovuta kwambiri kuzinyama izi chifukwa chisanu chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kupeza chakudya, komanso chimadumpha mwachangu ndikusunthika, chifukwa chake mbuzi chamois imatha kukhala osavuta yosaka alenje.
Ngakhale chidwi chachilengedwe cha chamois, ndizamantha. Masana, nyama zimapumira, ndipo usiku, zimasankha malo otseguka. Ma Chamois ndi achangu kuposa nsanja zonse kuti alumphe ndikukwera mapiri, pomwe akuthamanga amatha kudumpha mpaka mamita asanu ndi awiri.
Chamois wodyetsa
Phiri chamois Ndi herbivore, nthawi yachilimwe amadya masamba obiriwira bwino kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira amayenera kudya udzu wina wonse, kutuluka pansi pa chipale chofewa, moss ndi nyemba.
Mu chithunzi, chamois msipu, idyani udzu
Amalekerera kusowa kwa madzi, kukhala okhutira ndi mame anyambalala ochokera masamba. Ngati chipale chofewa chili chakuya kwambiri, ndiye kuti kwa milungu ingapo amatha kudya zoperewera kuchokera kumitengo, ndipo pofunafuna chakudya, ma chamois amatha kukwera kumafesi otsalira m'miyala.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya nthawi yozizira, ma chamois ambiri amafa. Ma chamois amafunikira mchere, motero amayendera nthambi za mchere nthawi zonse.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Amakhulupirira kuti monga mtundu wa chamois unachokera ku 250,000 mpaka 400,000 zapitazo. Palibe yankho lenileni lokhudza chamois. Pali malingaliro akuti magawo omwe pakadali pano a ma chamois ndi omwe ali obisalirako m'dera lopitilira kugawa nyama izi m'mbuyomu. Zotsatira zonse zopezeka ndizotsalira za nthawi ya Pleistocene.
Pali ma subspecies angapo a chamois, amasiyana maonekedwe ndi matupi awo. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti mabanjawa ali ndi chiyambi chosiyana. Subspecies amakhala m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo pachifukwa ichi sindimagwirizana. Ponseponse, ma subspecies asanu ndi awiri a chamois amadziwika. Awiri mwa iwo, Anatolian ndi Carpathian chamois, malinga ndi magulu ena, atha kukhala amitundu yosiyana. Mayina amtunduwu ndiwogwirizana ndi malo omwe amakhala, kupatulapo chamois wamba omwe amakhala wamba.
Kodi chamois amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Animal phiri chamois
A Chamois amakhala kumapiri komwe kumapezeka miyala ndi nkhalango. Zonsezi ndi zina ndizofunikira kuti zikhalepo, chifukwa chake zitha kunenedwa: kuti chamois ndi nyama wamba yamapiri. Ma chamois amagawidwa gawo lalikulu kuyambira kummawa kupita kumadzulo, kuchokera ku Spain kupita ku Georgia, komanso kuchokera ku Turkey ndi Greece kumwera kupita ku Russia kumpoto, ma chamois amakhala kumapiri onse. Chiwerengerochi chimapezekanso m'malo abwino kwambiri a Alps ndi Caucasus.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti asanu ndi amodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya chamois adatenga mayina malinga ndi malo awo:
- Chamois wamba
- Anatolian
- Balkan
- Carpathian
- Tchati
- Caucasus,
- Tatra.
Mwachitsanzo, ma Anatolian (kapena Turkey) chamois amakhala kum'mawa kwa dziko la Turkey komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo, Balkan chamois amapezeka ku Balkan Peninsula, ndi Carpathian chamois - ku Carpathians. Ma chartres chamois amagawidwa kumadzulo kwa French Alps (dzinali limachokera ku Chartreuse misaif). Caucasian chamois, motero, amakhala ku Caucasus, ndi Tatransky - a ku Chitras. Chamois wamba ndimasamba ambiri, motero amasankha. Ma chamois oterewa ndiofala ku mapiri a Alps.
M'nyengo yotentha, ma chamois amakwera kumtunda wamiyala pamalo okwera pafupifupi mamitala 3600 pamwamba pa nyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, amatsika mamita 800 ndikuyesera kukhala pafupi ndi nkhalango, makamaka kwa conifers, kuti athe kupeza chakudya mosavuta. Koma ma chamois samanenapo kusuntha kwakanthawi, mosafanana ndi ena ambiri osazindikira. Akazi obadwa kumene amakonda kukonda kukhala ndi ana awo m'nkhalango kumapeto kwa mapiri ndikuchita manyazi kupita kutali. Koma mwana wang'ombe akangokhala wamphamvu, amapita limodzi kumapiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1900s, ma chamois adabwera ku New Zealand ngati mphatso ndipo kwa zaka zana limodzi adatha kufalikira kwambiri ku gawo la South Island. Tsopano mdziko muno ngakhale kusaka kwa chamois kumalimbikitsidwa. Anthu okhala ku New Zealand siwosiyana ndi achibale aku Europe, koma aliyense payekha amalemera 20% kuposa European. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti panali kuyesa kawiri kukhazikitsa ma chamois kumapiri a Norway, koma onse awiri adatha polephera - nyamazo zidafa pazifukwa zosadziwika.
Kodi chamois amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Zinyama chamois
Chamois ndimtendere, zitsamba. Amadyetsa msipu, makamaka udzu.
M'chilimwe muzidyanso:
- chimanga,
- masamba amtengo
- maluwa
- mphukira zazing'ono zachitsamba ndi mitengo ina.
M'nyengo yotentha, ma chamois samakhala ndi mavuto ndi chakudya, chifukwa amapeza masamba ambiri m'malo awo. Komabe, amazigawa mosavuta ndi madzi. Mame am'mawa komanso mvula yachilendo ndizokwanira iwo. M'nyengo yozizira, zitsamba zomwezo, masamba, mbewu monga chimanga imagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kale mawonekedwe owuma komanso ochepa. Chakudya chimayenera kukumbidwa pansi pa chisanu.
Chifukwa chakusowa kwa chakudya chobiriwira, ma chamois amadya ma mosses ndi masamba a mitengo, nthambi zazing'ono zazitsamba, makungwa a mitengo ina yomwe imatha kutafuna, msondodzi kapena phulusa lamapiri. Komanso nthawi yozizira, masamba obiriwira amapezeka, singano za spruce ndi paini, timitengo ting'onoting'ono ta fir timakhala chakudya. Pakakhala vuto lalikulu la chakudya, ma chamois ambiri amafa. Izi zimachitika pafupipafupi nyengo iliyonse yozizira.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Chamois m'mapiri
Monga ambiri osazindikira, chamois ng'ombe. Ali amantha ndikuzunzidwa, ndi malingaliro pang'ono owopsa amathawira kunkhalango kapena kubisala m'mapiri. Chamois kudumpha bwino komanso kukwera, malo oterewa ndi oyenera kwambiri - mudzathamanga kwambiri kuchokera kwa adani ndi nyengo yoyipa. Ndi mafunde amphamvu, mvula yamphamvu ndi ma cataclysms ena, ma chamois amabisala m'makomo ndi m'misewu yamapiri.
A Chamois amakhala olimba mtima, osonkhana, osachepera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu awiri kapena atatu. Chiwerengero chokwanira kwambiri cha anthuwa chimafikira mazana, m'malo omwe amagawika kwambiri kapena kuyesayesa kudzipatula ku ziweto zina pagawo. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, ma chamois amasonkhana makamaka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndikosavuta kupeza chakudya ndikupulumuka kuzizira. Pofika chilimwe, kuchuluka kwawo kumaberekana, ndipo ma chamois amakhala pansi ndikudyetsa gulu limodzi lalikulu.
Chamois amatha kulankhulana. Kuti athe kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, amagwiritsa ntchito kakulidwe, malo owongolera ndi kugonjera, komanso malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Akuluakulu samakonda kudzipatula kwa ana, nthawi zambiri ng'ombe zimasakanikirana. M'mawa, chakudya chambiri chimachitika; Ndipo amachita imodzi imodzi, wina ayenera kuona chilengedwe ndipo, m'malo mwake, amakweza phokoso. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimakakamizidwa kusuntha mosalekeza kukafunafuna chakudya ndi pogona. Nthawi zambiri zimatsikira pafupi ndi nkhalango, komwe kuli mphepo zochepa ndipo kumakhala zinyalala za chakudya.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chamois ndi Cub
Mu nthawi yophukira, kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala, nyengo ya matimu a chamois ikudutsa. Akazi amatsimikizira chinsinsi chapadera chomwe amuna amalabadira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ali okonzeka kukhwima. Mu Novembala ndi Disembala amakhala ndi nthawi ya mating. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu 23 kapena 24 (m'mabuku ena, mimba imatenga milungu 21), mwana amabadwa. Chiwerengero cha kubadwa chiri pakati pa Meyi ndi theka loyamba la Juni.
Nthawi zambiri, wamkazi mmodzi amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, koma nthawi zina pamakhala awiri. Maola ochepa atabadwa, ng'ombe imatha kuyendayenda payokha. Amayi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi itatu. Chamois imatha kuonedwa ngati nyama zapakhomo: za ana, pomwe, zazikazi zina zazikazi zimatha kusamalira.
Miyezi iwiri yoyambirira khosalo likuyenera kukhala pafupi ndi nkhalangoyi. Ndikosavuta kuti ana azungulira pomwepo ndikubisala. Poyera, amakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri. Ana akupanga msanga. Pofika miyezi iwiri amakhala atalumpha kale ndipo ali okonzeka kupita kumapiri makolo awo atawalera. Pakatha miyezi makumi awiri, ma chamois amafika msinkhu, ndipo pazaka zitatu ali ndi ana awo oyamba.
Ma chamois achichepere, ana amuna ndi akazi amakhala limodzi. Mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo ndi wachikulire wachikulire. Amuna nthawi zambiri samakhala m'magulu, amakonda kulowa nawo nthawi yakukhwima kuti akwaniritse ntchito yachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala abambo amodzi akamayendayenda m'makomo mwawo.
Adani achilengedwe a chamois
Nyama zokhala nazo zowopsa ndi zoopsa ku chamois, makamaka ngati zokulirapo. Kuthengo amatha kudikira mimbulu ndi zimbalangondo. Chimais chowopsa kwambiri chimakhala chokha, chitha kulumwa ngakhale ndi adani ochepa monga nkhandwe kapena lynx. Ngakhale kuli ndi nyanga zomwe zingathe kudziteteza, chamois samakonda kudziteteza ku adani, koma kuthawa.
Nthawi zambiri olusa amadyera anthu akuluakulu, koma ana awo, popeza ndi ofooka komanso osatetezeka. Popeza atasochera ndi ng'ombe, mwana akhoza kufa: akuyenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo alibe luso lokwanira kuzungulira miyala, samadziwa kuopsa konse. Itha kugwa pansi pamtunda kapena kugwa, kugwera pathanthwe. Popeza idakali yaying'ono ndipo sikhala yolemera pang'ono, kuwonjezera pa zinyama, mbalame zodyedwa zimakhalanso ndi ngozi yake. Mwachitsanzo, chiwombankhanga chagolide, chomwe chitha kugwira mwana mwachindunji pa ntchentche, kapena chiwombankhanga chagolide, amakhala ku France.
Zingwe zazingwe ndi miyala yamiyala ndizowopsa kwa akuluakulu. Pali nthawi zina pomwe, pofunafuna pobisalira, chamois adathawira kumapiri, koma nthawi yomweyo adamwalira ndi zinyalala. Ngozi ina yachilengedwe ndi njala, makamaka nyengo yachisanu. Chifukwa chakuti ma chamois ndi nyama zoweta, amatha kutengeka mosavuta ndi matenda akulu. Matenda ena, monga mphere, amatha kuwononga ambiri am'khola.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Mountain Chamois
Kuchulukitsa kwa Chamois kuli ambiri komanso kubereka bwino. Chiwerengero chonse cha mitunduyi ndi pafupifupi anthu 400,000. Kupatula chilombo cha Caucasian chamois, chomwe chili “chovuta” ndipo changokhala ndi anthu oposa 4,000. Chifukwa cha chitetezo pazaka zingapo zapitazi, pakhala pakuchitika komanso kuchuluka kwawo. Chartres chamois ili pachiwopsezo cha kutha, koma kuyera kwa magazi ake ndikosakayikitsa pakati pa asayansi. Mitundu isanu mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri iyi ndiomwe imakhala "yodetsa nkhawa" pang'ono.
Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti zikhalidwe zamtchire ndizofunikira kuti chiberekero chiziwonekanso komanso kubadwa kwa chamois. Ng'ombe zodyera kumapiri zomwe zimapanikizana ndi ma chamois, ndipo zimakakamizidwa kuti zizisuntha kukafunafuna malo obisika. Ndikotheka kuti ndi chitukuko cha kuweta ng'ombe, kuchuluka kwa ma chamois kunachepa. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kufalikira kwa zokopa alendo, malo okhala m'mapiri, malo opumira m'malo awo.
Madera akumpoto, chakudya chikhoza kukhala chosowa nthawi yozizira ndipo, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa anthu a mtundu wa Tatra chamois okhala kumpoto kwa Europe kungawopseze kuchepa kwa anthu. Chiwerengero cha anthu aku Balkan chamois ndi anthu pafupifupi 29,000. Lamuloli limalola ngakhale kuwasaka, koma osati ku Greece ndi Albania. Kumalo amenewo, masamba ake adasakidwa mokongola ndipo tsopano akutetezedwa. Kusaka kumaloledwa pa Carpathian chamois. Nyanga zake zimafika 30 cm ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi chiphokoso. Ambiri mwa anthu okhala kum'mwera kwa Carpathians, m'malo ozizira samakhala osowa.
Chiwerengero cha Chartres chamois tsopano chatsika mpaka anthu 200, zalembedwa mu IUCN Red Book, koma mtundu uwu wa chamois sunatetezedwe kwambiri. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti ma subspecies amawunikira pachabe. Mwa mawonekedwe amtundu, ndianthu wamba okha a chamois Ordinary kapena sanathenso kuyeretsedwa.
Alonda a Chamois
Chithunzi: Zinyama chamois
Zolemba zokhazokha zokhazokha za ku Caucasian ndizomwe zidateteza. Amalembedwa m'mabuku a Red m'magawo angapo komanso ma republic a Caucasus ndi Southern Federal District. Zoyambitsa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa anthu nthawi imodzi zinali zinthu za anthropogenic, mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa nkhalango. Nthawi yomweyo, migodi yosavomerezeka mwanjira imeneyi imapangitsa kuti palibe phindu logwira.
Anthu ambiri amakhala m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe, pomwe amasamala za moyo wawo. Amakhala ndi mwayi wocheza ndi alendo, komanso amachepetsa kuwonongeka pazinthu zovulaza. Kubisika kwa mitengo m'malo osungirako nkoletsedwa. Munthu aliyense mderalo amayang'aniridwa. Tithokoze Caucasian chamois Kwazaka 15 zapitazi, lakhala likuwonjezera chiwerengero cha anthu nthawi imodzi ndi theka.