Popeza tinayang'ana ngakhale kamodzi pa chithunzi cha nyama yokongola'yi, sitingathe kuyang'ana kumbali yathu. Ngakhale zili choncho nyama yolusa yamphaka zazing'ono, anthu okhala m'chipululumo.

Zojambula ndi malo a mphaka wa velvet

Dune kapena mphaka wamchenga atchedwa General of France Margueritte, yemwe anatsogolera kuthamangitsidwa kwa Algeria mu 1950. Paulendo wathu, bambo wokongola uyu adapezeka (kuchokera ku Lat. Felis margarita).

Zodabwitsa zake ndizakuti zimadya nyama zakutchire zazing'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwa nyama yachikulire kumangofika masentimita 66-90 okha, 40% yaiwo amapatsidwa mchira. Kunenepa Mphaka wamchenga kuchokera 2 mpaka 3.5 kg.

Imakhala ndi mtundu wamchenga woyenera, womwe umalola kuti ubwerere kwa iwo omwe alibe nzeru zopanda pake. Kufotokozera kwa Mphaka wa Dune ndibwino kuyambira pamutu, ali ndi yayikulu yomwe ili ndi "ndevu" zofukiza, makutu ake adayikidwa mbali kuti alepheretse mchenga kuti usasefukira mwa iwo, kuphatikiza, amatithandizanso monga opeza kuti amve bwino ngozi ndikuyandikira, komanso, akutentha ngati kutentha. .

Ming'aluyo ndiyifupi, koma yolimba, kuti izingothamangira mumchenga pomanga mabowo kapena kuthyola chobisalira mumchenga. Ngakhale amphaka amchenga amakhala ndi chizolowezi chophika chakudya chake ngati sichidadyedwe, ndikusiyira mawa.

Mapazi ophimbidwa ndi ubweya wolimba amateteza chilombo ku mchenga wotentha, misomali si lakuthwa kwambiri, imawolidwa makamaka ndikakumba mchenga kapena chifukwa chokwera pamiyala. Ubweya wa amphaka umakhala ndi mchenga kapena utoto wamchenga.

Pali mikwingwirima yakuda pamutu ndi kumbuyo. Maso amakongoleredwa ndikufupikitsidwa ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala. Matanga ndi mchira wautali amakongoletsedwanso ndi mikwingwirima, nthawi zina nsonga ya mchira imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda.

Mphaka wa Velvet amakhala m'malo opanda madzi okhala ndi mchenga wamchenga ndi m'malo amiyala m'chipululu, komwe kutentha kumafika madigiri 55 Celsius nthawi yachilimwe komanso nthawi yozizira mpaka madigiri 25. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa mchenga tsiku ndi tsiku ku Sahara kumafika madigiri 120, mutha kulingalira momwe nyama izi zimalolera kutentha popanda madzi.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wa mphaka wa mchenga

Izi zodya usiku. Ndi mdera wokha pomwe amatha kulowa mumdima wawo ndikusaka chakudya, nthawi zina amakhala wamtali kwambiri, mpaka 10 km, chifukwa gawo la amphaka amchenga limatha kufikira 15 km.

Nthawi zina amasamukira kumadera oyandikana ndi abale awo, omwe nyama zimawadziwa modekha. Akasaka, amphaka amathamangira kumalo awo okhalamo, awa amatha kukhala mabowo obisidwa ndi nkhandwe, mink porcup, corsacos, ndi makoswe.

Nthawi zina amangobisala m'miyala yamapiri. Nthawi zina, m'malo mokhalamo kwakanthawi, amadzimangira nyumba zawo zogona pansi panthaka. Mawamba olimba amathandizira kwambiri kufikira kuya kwakuzama kwa mink.

Asanachoke mink, amphaka amauma kwa kanthawi, akumvera chilengedwe, kuwerenga phokoso, potero kupewa ngozi. Atabwerako kukasaka, anangoyimilira kutsogolo kwa mink, kumvetsera ngati wina alimo.

Amphaka amasamala kwambiri kugwa kwamvula ndipo amayesetsa kuti asasiye malo awo mumvula. Amathamanga kwambiri, amagwada pansi, amasintha makina oyendetsa, kuthamanga komanso ngakhale kulumpha, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafulumira kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Mphaka wamchenga amadya usiku uliwonse. Nyama ikhoza kukhala cholengedwa chilichonse chomwe chabwera munjira yake. Ikhoza kukhala makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mavu, miyala yamchenga, jerboas.

Amphaka sakusankha zakudya, ndipo amatha kukhala okhutitsidwa ndi tizilombo, mbalame, abuluzi, zonse zomwe zimayenda. Amphaka a Velvet amadziwikanso kuti ndi omwe amasaka njoka zabwino kwambiri.

Amagwetsedwa mochenjera kwambiri, potero amadzidzimuka ndi njokayo ndipo imakupha mwachangu ndi kuluma. Kutali ndi madzi, amphaka sangamamwe madzi, koma amamwa ngati gawo la chakudya ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali akhoza kukhala opanda madzi.

Mbiri yakale ya mphaka ndi zinthu zosangalatsa

Mphaka wa Dune (aka sandy) ali ndi dzina lachi Latin loti Felis margarita. Nyamayo idalandira dzina lachikondi chotere osati chifukwa cha dzina lachikazi, koma polemekeza mkulu wa French J. O. Marguerite omwe adamupeza pakati pa chaka chatha chaka chatha ku Africa kumalire a Algeria ndi Libya.

Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, munthu wina wa ku France, wofufuza chilengedwe, Lauch, adafotokoza mphaka wa mchenga. Mu 20s ya zaka zapitazi, Muscovite S. Ognev adafotokozera amphaka amtchire omwe adakhala m'mapululu a Karakum ndi Kyzylkum.

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti feline yaying'ono iyi imatha kupirira ndi njoka yapoizoni, ngakhale ndi njoka yamchenga yolira. Mphaka imamenya njoka pamutu, kenako nkuipha, ndikumangirira mano kukhosi.

Chinthu chinanso chapadera ndi mphaka wamchenga ndi kuthekera kozizira koopsa. Amaponya miyala, pomwe amatha kukhudzidwa komanso kusunthidwa - amakhalabe chimodzimodzi.

Amphaka angati m'chipululu masiku ano sakudziwika. Njira ya nyama imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzisunga ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwake. Chiwerengero chawo sichikhudzidwa ndikusintha kwachilengedwe chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, komanso momwe amagulitsira.

Kubala ndi kutalikitsa kwa mphaka wazungu

Nthawi yakukhwima kwa amphaka osiyanasiyana siyiyambira mwanjira imodzimodzi, zimatengera malo ndi nyengo. Amanyamula miyezi iwiri yaing'ono, zinyalala zimakhala ndi 4-5 kittens, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi ana 7-8.

Amabadwa m'minyewa, ngati ana amphaka wamba. Amalemera pafupifupi 30 g ndipo amasintha msanga kulemera kwa 7 g tsiku lililonse kwa masabata atatu. Patatha milungu iwiri, maso awo abuluu amatseguka. Kittens amadya mkaka wa m'mawere.

Amakula msanga, ndipo atafika milungu isanu, ayesa kale kusaka ndi kukumba mabowo. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ana amphaka amayang'aniridwa ndi amayi awo ndipo ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi itatu amasiya amayi awo, kudzipatula palokha.

Njira zoberekera zimachitika kamodzi pachaka, koma nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Mu nyengo yakukhwima, anyani amatulutsa mokweza, monga nkhandwe, phokoso laphokoso, motero kukopa chidwi cha akazi. Ndipo m'moyo wamba, iwo, monga amphaka wamba wamba, amatha kudula, kulira, kulira ndi kulira.

Kuyang'anira ndi kufufuza amphaka amchenga sikophweka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala pogona. Koma chifukwa cha asayansi komanso kupita patsogolo kwamakono, pali mwayi wophunzira za chithunzi cha mphaka wa dune ndi kujambula momwe ndingathere.

Mwachitsanzo, tikudziwa kuti amphaka amchenga ndi asaka abwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti ma pallet amatumba awo amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya, mapazi awo amakhala osawoneka ndipo samasiya ma denti mumchenga.

Popita kusaka, pakakhala mwezi wabwino, amakhala pansi ndikujambulitsa maso kuti asawonongeke ndi maso awo. Komanso, pofuna kuti asadziwe ndi fungo, amphaka amatsitsa chimbudzi chawo mumchenga, zomwe zimalepheretsa asayansi kuti apange zakudya zawo molondola. zakudya.

Kuphatikiza apo, utoto wamtambo wa chovalacho umapangitsa amphaka kukhala osawoneka kutengera mawonekedwe akumaloko ndipo, motero, osatetezeka. Kuchepera chovala kumathandizira kuti nyamayo ikhale yonyowa, yofunika kwambiri m'chipululu komanso kutentha nthawi yozizira.

Mphaka wamchenga amalembedwa mu International Red Book kukhala "pafupi ndi malo osatetezeka," komabe anthuwa amafikira anthu 50,000 ndipo akadali pamalopo, mwina chifukwa chobisalira kwa zolengedwa zokondazi.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa mphaka kunyumba ndi zaka 13, zomwe sitinganene za nthawi yomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali. Ana amakhala ochepera, popeza ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa amphaka achikulire chifukwa chakuchepera, ndipo kufa kwawo kumafika 40%.

Amphaka achikulire nawonso ali pachiwopsezo, monga mbalame za nyama, agalu amtchire, ndi njoka. Ndipo, mwatsoka, chowopsa choopsa komanso chopanda pake ndi munthu wokhala ndi chida. Kusintha kwanyengo ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe kumakhudzanso mitundu ya nyama yodabwitsayi.

Kumene, kunyumba mphaka wamchenga kumva otetezeka. Samafunika kusaka, kupeza chakudya ndikuyika moyo wake pachiwopsezo, amamuyang'anira, kumudyetsa, kumuthandiza ndikupanga zinthu zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, koma izi zimayenderana ndi obereketsa amphaka wamba, osati ogulitsa ndi ozunza.

Kupatula apo, palibe kugulitsa kwapadera kwamphaka zamchenga, ndipo palibiretu mtengo uliwonse wamphaka, koma mobisa mtengo wamphaka wamchenga pamayiko akunja amafikira $ 6000. Ndipo ndikukhala ndi chikhumbo chachikulu pachokha, mwachidziwikire, mutha kutero gulani nsalumphakakoma ndalama zambiri.

Mutha kuwonanso zinyama zokongola modabwitsa m'malo ena osungira nyama. Chifukwa cha malonda ndi kubedwa kwa amphaka am'chipululu chifukwa cha ubweya wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa izi ndipo nyama zosowa kwambiri zikuvutika.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Pakistan, atsala pang'ono kutha. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti umbombo waumunthu umatsogolera ku kufa kwa mitundu yonse yazinyama zodabwitsa monga mchenga wamchenga.

Mawonekedwe

Mphaka wa Dune ndiwochepera kwambiri pa mnzake wakuthengo. Ili ndi kutalika kwa 24-30 cm, imalemera kuchokera ku 1.6 (zazikazi) mpaka 3.4 (amuna) kg, ndiye kuti, malinga ndi kukula kwake, si yayikulu kuposa ziweto zambiri komanso zazing'ono kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, Britain.

Zina zakunja:

• mutu waukulu, wotambalala, phokoso lalitali, phazi lopindika,
• Maso owoneka bwino, achikasu, achikasu,
• makutu akulu okhala otakata ndi otsika, ophimbidwa ndi ubweya kuchokera mkati (malo awa ndi "m'mphepete" amalepheretsa mchenga kulowa m'makutu ndikukulolani kuti mumve mawu ambiri),
• thupi ndi yaying'ono, yopanda minyewa,
• miyendo yofupikitsidwa, yolimba,
• Tambo takutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, wowuma kuti muteteze pamchenga wotentha, zibwano zimakhala zazikulu komanso zolimba,
• Chovala ndi chowala, chofunda, chofewa, choteteza kuzizira kwa chipululu komanso kutentha kwamasana, chimapanga ndevu pamphuno.
• utoto wokutira - mtundu wa mchenga wokhala ndi mikwingwirima ya mthunzi wambiri kutalika kumbuyo, mchira ndi malekezero, komanso chizungulire (kutsika pansi kuchokera kumakona akunja amaso), nsonga ya mchirayo ndi yakuda kapena yakuda.

Kodi mphaka wotere amakhala kuti?

Mphaka wam'madzi amchenga amakhala kumphepete kwa North Africa (Sahara), Iran, Peninsula ya Arabia, Pakistan, Central ndi Central Asia. Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, iwo amagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, osiyana mitundu. Oyimira ku Central Asia amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa malaya kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira ndi utoto wamchenga wowala ndi utoto wonyezimira.

Dane Cat Moyo

Amphaka amayembekeza m'makola nthawi yotentha masana. Atha kukhala malo otetezedwa ndi nkhandwe, mapiko kapena zimbudzi, kapena zopindika zomwe zimbidwa ndi nyamayo. Kanyumba kanyumba kamakhala ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo, monga lamulo, ili ndi mayendedwe awiri. Ngati sizinali zotheka kupeza kapena kukumba dzenje, nyamayo imabisala pamatenthedwe ndi dzuwa lotentha pakati pa miyala.

Kutentha kukangotha, mphaka wa mchenga uja amasaka. Asanachoke pabowo kapena chifukwa chamiyala, amawuma ndikudikirira kwa kotala la ola lomwe likuchitika kunja kuti asawonane ndi zilombo. Adani achilengedwe amphaka wa mchenga ndi mimbulu, mimbulu, amayang'anira abuluzi, njoka zazikulu ndi mbalame zodyedwa. Imasaka nyama ndi anthu, koma osati kuti aphe, koma kuti agulitse.

Malo osakira a munthu m'modzi amakhala mita 15-16. km Usiku, nyama imayenda mtunda wopitilira 10 km, kukafunafuna chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, njira zawo zoyendera ndizosiyana ndi chizolowezi cha feline. Chifukwa cha kufupikitsa, nyamayo imangotuluka, ngati kuti imafalikira. Izi sizimamulepheretsa kusuntha mwachangu, ngakhale pang'ono. Amphaka a tsitsi lalifupi amafupikira kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h pamtunda wautali.

Makutu akuluakulu okhala ndi phande laling'ono amatenga ngati amtundu wa amphaka - amakulolani kuti mugwire phokoso la buluzi lomwe limadutsa pamchenga, kapena kufinya kwa mbewa. Atazindikira kulanda, mphaka imuthamangira mwachangu ndi liwiro la mphezi. Ngati chakudya chitha kubisala m khola, mphaka wa mchenga amang'amba ndi miyendo yake yolimba ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu mumasekondi ochepa ndikupeza nyama.

Amphaka am'chipululu aku Arabia sakhala tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo popha nyama yayikulu, mdani wina wamng'ono amakumba mu mchenga kuti abwerere ndikumaliza kudya.

M'nyengo yozizira, amphaka a dune amapita kukakhala kwa anthu, koma osasaka ziweto. Mwachiwonekere, chidwi chawo pa nyumba za anthu chimachitika chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa makoswe, komwe akufunafunanso chakudya kumeneko.

Zachilengedwe zinkasamalira kuphimba mphaka wa mchenga: chifukwa cha mtundu wake, umaphatikizika ndi malo owoneka achipululu. Komabe, banja lachi Arabia lolimira limabisala yekha kwa adani: mwachitsanzo, limatseka maso ake m'mene amawunikira kuti kuwala kowala kusawone komwe kuli. Monga amphaka ena, mphaka wa dune amabisa chimbudzi chake pokumbira mumchenga kuti nyama zina zodya nyama zomwe zikudyedwa ndi zomwe zitha kugwiranso zisamve fungo lake.

Amphaka a Dune amatha kumeza, kukokosera, komanso kung'ung'udza ndi kubuula. Kuti akope akazi, amuna amapanga mawu ofanana ndi kubangula kwambiri.

Kodi mphaka amadya chiyani?

Amphaka amtundu wa dune ndi adani zana limodzi, chifukwa masamba omwe amapezeka ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti adye. Awa ndi azisamba omwe amadya masewera onse omwe angapeze. Mokulira amapeza majeremusi, ma jerboas, abuluzi. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, kalulu wamtokoma amasakazidwa ndi mphaka wamchenga, wocheperako pang'ono kuposa “msaki” yemwe. Kuphatikiza apo, amphaka a dune amawononga zisa za mbalame, ndipo osanyalanyaza mbalame zomwe. Mwamwayi utatembenuka, nyama yolusa siitha kunyansidwa ndi njoka, tizilombo komanso akangaude.

Mphaka amateteza wovutikayo, kubisala m'khonde. Ataganiza nthawi yoyenera, amathamangira, ndikukakumbira cholowera kukhosi ndikuchigwedeza mwamphamvu. Mimba ya nyama yogwidwa imasweka, ndipo imalephera kukana. Kenako nyama yolusa imang'amba thupi la womenyedwayo ndi mano ndikuwaphwanya, kenako amadya.

Atapeza nyama yayikulu kapena mbalame, nyama yodabwitsayo imatha kubisala china mwa mtembowo kapena kuikoka m'dzenje lake. Zikatere, mphaka sanyamuka usiku wotsatira, atadzipangira "phwando".

Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwakutheka kwa thupi kudziunjikira chinyezi mu mawonekedwe amkati mwa thupi, mphaka kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kukhutira ndi madzi okha omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku chakudya. Palibe chifukwa chochezera pafupipafupi ndi dzenje la ndowe.

Kutha msinkhu, kubereka, kubereka komanso kubereka

Amphaka a Barkhan amafika kutha msinkhu pa miyezi 9-14 (amphaka kale, amphaka - pambuyo pake). Amabereka ana kamodzi pachaka (mu ukapolo - mpaka kawiri), ndipo nthawi yobereka imadalira gawo lomwe amakhala:

• ku Sahara - kuyambira Januware mpaka Epulo,
• ku Turkmenistan - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni,
• ku Pakistan ndi Iran - kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala.

Amphaka ndi amphaka sakhala awiriawiri ndipo amangopezeka nyengo yakukhwima, kokha chifukwa chokhwima. Mimba ya mphaka imakhala pafupi miyezi iwiri. Pafupifupi, kuyambira pakati pa ana awiri mpaka asanu pakubadwa, ana okwanira 8. Kubadwa kumachitika mdzenje kapena pogona pena. Mwana wobadwa kumene amakhala wolemera 35-80 g yekha. Mwanayo amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lowoneka wachikasu kapena lofiirira. Kittens amawonjezera 7-8 g patsiku.

Ana amatsegula maso awo pakatha masabata awiri atabadwa. Diso lawo limapaka utoto, ndipo pamapeto pake limadzakhala chikasu. Pakatha milungu yina 3, ana amphaka amasankhidwa kale pobisalira ndikuyamba kusaka ndi amayi awo.

Amphaka ndi amphaka a miyezi 6 mpaka kale amadziwika kuti ndi achikulire komanso odziimira pawokha. Amatha kusaka okha.

Utali wamoyo

Kutalika kwa moyo wa nyama zodya ziwonetsero zazing'onozi m'malo awo achilengedwe sizinakhazikitsidwebe.Ndizodziwika chabe kuti ana anayi mwa ana 10 aliwonse amwalira asanafike paunyamata. Ali mu ukapolo - m'malo osungira nyama kapena kunyumba - amphaka a dune amakhala zaka 13 mpaka 13. Palibe matenda amtunduwu omwe adadziwika mu nyama izi.

Kodi ndizotheka kusunga mphaka wamchenga kunyumba?

Chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo, ambiri amawona kuti ndizotheka kusunga amphaka a dune kunyumba. Komabe, posankha kupeza chiweto chotere, muyenera kuganizira zofunikira zake. Gawo lomwe nyamayo ingaganizire moyenera payekha liyenera kukhala lofunika. Nyumba yaying'ono siyingafanane ndi izi.

Nyama zimafunikira kutentha kosalekeza, sizizolowera kuzizira, ngakhale kuti chovala chapamwamba chimathandizira kuti chizolowere. Kuphatikiza apo, chinyezi chambiri chamkati kapena chakunja ndilinso chachilendo kwa amphaka awa. Kupezeka kwa ziweto zotere mnyumbamo ngati khoswe wokongoletsera, nkhumba ya guine, hamster kapena parrot kudzapangitsanso mavuto ambiri - wolimbana ndi mayendedwe achinyamatawa ayamba kuwasaka nthawi yomweyo.

Mphaka wa chipululu uyenera kudyedwa nyama. Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa ng'ombe ndi nkhuku; mapiko a nkhuku ndi mapiko a zinziri, khosi ndi ntchafu ndizoyenereradi. Takonzeka kudyetsa mphaka wamtchire osavomerezeka.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amphaka a ndowe nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi. Amayenera kupatsidwa katemera nthawi zonse mogwirizana ndi dongosolo lomwe amakhala nalo. Komanso, kusenda kwamadzi ndi chithandizo chothana ndi utitiri ndi nkhupakupa kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi.

Ziweto zoterezi ndizofunikira ma ruble 200,000. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zonse pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga mphaka wamba wamba ndi makutu akulu. Ku Russia pali zibalo zingapo zomwe zimathandizira kuweta nyama zotere, ndibwino kuti mupite kumeneko.

Ndani amphaka wamchenga

Dune, kapena mchenga, mphaka (Felis margarita) ndi nyama yaying'ono yolusa ya banja la amphaka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zinayamba kuoneka ndi anthu mu 1858. Mtsogoleri wa gulu lachifalansa la ku France dzina lake Marguerite adadutsa m'chipululu cha Algeria. Pakati pa mapiri osatha, iye anawona nyama yachilendo, yomwe poyamba sinadziwike za sayansi. Ulendo wawo wotsogozedwa ndi mkulu wanthawi zonse umakhala ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe yemwe adapatsa amphaka wa Dune dzina lachi Latin kuti Felis margarita (wophatikizira dzina la mkulu).

Mu 1926, mphaka wa mchenga adapezekanso, nthawi iyi kudzanso lina la dziko lapansi - chipululu cha Kara-Kum. Lero ndi amodzi mwa oimira ochepa a banja latsamba lomwe limakhala kuthengo.

Nyama imatsogolera njira yotsekedwa, chifukwa chake zochuluka zamtunduwu sizidziwika. Akuyerekezeredwa kuti ndi akuluakulu a 50 miliyoni.

Nyama izi zimagwidwa ndicholinga chofuna kuchulukitsa, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuti kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera.

Habitat

Mphaka wamchenga ndiwotsimikizika kwenikweni komanso wokhoza kupulumuka. Malo ake ndi malo owuma kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyamayi imakonda kukhazikika m'malo okhala ndi mapiri, tchire louma, mapiri. Nthawi zambiri, mphaka imatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi:

• Chipululu cha Arabia
• Central Asia
• Pakistan
• Shuga.

Kuzolowera zovuta zoterezi, amphaka amakhala ndi moyo wosakhazikika. Amayendayenda mchipululu kufunafuna chakudya. Ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza mphaka, imayenda mosavuta kuti isasunthe. Zochita za nyama izi zimawonedwa makamaka usiku, popeza kumatentha kwambiri masana, ndipo nyama yomwe imabisala mumiyala imabisala.

Amphaka awa amagwira ntchito mwaluso, apo ayi sangathe kukhalabe munkhalango zowuma. Amasaka kubisalira. Mphaka imalumphira wogwidwayo, ndikumugwira pakhosi ndikuigwedeza mwamphamvu (pamwambapo pamakhala kuthyoka kwa msana, ndipo imalephera).

Ngati nyamayo ili yayikulupo, ndiye kuti mphaka siyingasiye malo okhala masana kwa masiku ena ambiri, chifukwa chapita kukasaka, pokhapokha zinthuzo zitatha. Nthawi zambiri malo osakira amakhala akulu kwambiri, gawo nthawi zina limaposa 15 kilomita. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimapita kumidzi ya anthu, koma nthawi yomweyo sizimakumana ndi amphaka am'nyumba.

Ziwonetsero zowoneka bwino zili ndi adani achilengedwe. Awa ndi njoka, mbalame zazikulu za kudya ndi mimbulu. Kukhazikika kwachilengedwe ndi kusamala zimawapulumutsa ku chiwonongeko, kuthekera kubisala ndikubisala bwino.

Mphaka wamchenga

Potengera mtundu wa amphaka a dune, kutengera magawo ndi mtundu, magawo angapo aphatikizidwa:

• Félis margarita margarita ndiye tating'ono kwambiri, timitundu tating'ono kwambiri, tokhala ndi mphete zakuda ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi pamchira wake,
• Felis margarita thinobia ndiye wamkulu kwambiri, utoto wonyezimira, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofooka, pamchira pomwe pali mphete ziwiri kapena zitatu zokha,
• Félis margarita schéfféli - utoto uli ngati masamba am'mbuyomu, koma ndi mawonekedwe otchulidwa mwamphamvu ndi mphete zingapo pamchira,
• Felis margarita harrisoni - ali ndi malo kumbuyo kwa khutu, ndipo achikulire amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mphete zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pamchira.

Ntchito Zogawa ndi Magulu Aang'ono

Ma subspecies odziwika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• F. m. margarita - ku Sahara,
• F. m. airensis
• F. m. harrisoni - pa Chigawo cha Arabia,
• F. m. meinertzhageni
• F. m. scheffeli - anthu ochepa ku Pakistan,
• F. m. nyemba — Mphaka wa Trans-Caspian Dune , kudera la Nyanja ya Caspian (Iran, Turkmenistan).

Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi

Mphaka wa Dune amakhala m'malo otentha okhaokha. Malo ake amakhala osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kumchenga wamchenga, lopanda zomera, kupita kumiyala yamiyala yokhala ndi zitsamba. Nthawi zina, imapezeka m'chipululu komanso m'mbali mwa miyala.

Amphaka a Dune amakhala usiku. Nyumba zokhazokha za Pakistan nthawi yozizira komanso yoyambilira masika ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito makamaka nthawi yamadzulo. Amathawa kutentha kwa tsiku m'misasamu - m'makola akale a nkhandwe, makhola, zimbudzi, komanso kulumikizana kwa agologolo pansi ndi majeremusi. Nthawi zina amakumba mabowo osaya kapena kuti maenje okha, komwe amabisala pakagwa ngozi. Magulu azimuna ndi achikazi omwe amakhala pafupifupi 16 km² ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana; pofunafuna chakudya, nthawi zina amayenda pafupifupi 8-10 km.

Amphaka a Dune ndi carnivores, zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo pafupifupi masewera onse omwe angapeze. Zimakhazikika pa ma gerbils, jerboas ndi makoswe ena ang'ono, abuluzi, akangaude ndi tizilombo. Nthawi zina Tolai amalanda ndi mbalame zomwe zisa zawo zimawonongeka. Mphaka wa Dune amadziwikanso chifukwa chosaka njoka zapoizoni (njoka zamanjoka ndi zina). M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zina amayandikira m'midzi, koma samazunza amphaka ndi mbalame. Amphaka amtundu wa dune amalandira chinyezi chawo kuchokera ku chakudya ndipo amatha kupita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali.

Adani achilengedwe a amphaka aune amapezeka njoka zikuluzikulu, amayang'anira abuluzi, mbalame zodyedwa ndi mimbulu.

Mkhalidwe Wopezekera ndi Chitetezo

Mphaka wamchenga wamchenga walembedwa mu Zakumapeto II ku CITES Convention (masanjidwe Felis m. scheffeli) Komabe, kukula kwathunthu kwa anthu ake sikudziwika chifukwa chazovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wawo wobisika. Pafupifupi anthu pafupifupi 100,000 (1996). Amphaka a Dune samasakidwa, koma amagwidwa kuti agulitse. Amavutikanso ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, mphaka wa mchenga ndimtundu “wolemera” kwambiri pakati pa amphaka.

Mbiri yopezeka pamtundu wamtundu wa mphaka wa mchenga

Mphaka wamchenga ndi nyama yaying'ono yolusa yochokera ku mphaka wakuthengo. Amatchedwanso mphaka wa ku Arab kapena sand. Mtunduwu udadziwika mu 1858. French General Margaret adapita ku North Africa. Ali mkati mwa chipululu cha Algeria, adapeza nyama yamtchire yomwe imawoneka ngati mphaka. Kutuluka kwawo kunali wasayansi wazachilengedwe, adafotokoza kuti nyamazo sizidafotokozedwe kale. Amutcha mphaka wa Dune Felis margarita (polemekeza wamkulu amene adamuwona).

amphaka a Dune amadziwika kuyambira 19 century

Anthu ena amatcha amphaka am'chipululu. Koma izi sizowona, chifukwa dzina lachi Russia la mphaka limalumikizidwa ndi mapiri, osati ndi velvet. Ndipo zolengedwa monga katemera wa velvet kulibe.

Asayansi atayamba kufotokoza za chirombo, anali atazolowera kale kukhala malo otentha kwambiri. Palibe amene angalongosole momwe mphaka udawonekera ku Africa (ndi momwe zimachitikira pamikhalidweyi). Pambuyo pake, oimira amtunduwu adapezeka ku Eurasia (Central Asia). Nyama zakuthengo zimakonda kwambiri anthu kotero kuti amalemba nyimbo ndi nthano za izo.

Pafupifupi zaka 4,000 zapitazo, fuko linkakhala m'chipululu. Mwana wa mtsogoleri wa fuko adapaka chilichonse chomwe akuwona pamiyala. Pomwe khomalo lidawukiridwa, koma aphunzitsi a mnyamatayo adatha kusintha mwana wawo kuti akhale mphaka wamchenga (chilombochi chili ndi zilembo zakuthwa, koma palibe ma track). Mnyamatayo amayenera kupita kufuko loyandikana ndi kupempha thandizo kwa m'bale wa mtsogoleri. Pomwe thandizo lidabwera kuti mnyamatayo akhazikike, padachedwa. Mchimwene wa mtsogoleri wakufayo adawona zojambula za phanga ndikuzimvetsetsa zonse. Ankafuna kubwezeranso mphaka, koma sanasowenso kwina. Mwanayo adaganizabe kukhalabe mphaka wothawidwa mpaka atapeza makolo. Amati mnyamatayo akufunabe makolo ake, koma sizinathandize. Nthawi ndi nthawi mungaone m'chipululu momwemo mphaka wina wazungu yemwe amayang'ana modabwitsa.

Kufotokozera kwa Mphaka wa Dune

Mphaka wa m'chipululu ndi amodzi mwa oimira zachilendo kwambiri pabanja la amphaka. Ali ndi maonekedwe osiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe achilendo.

amphaka amchenga amatha kuphatikiza kwathunthu ndi chilengedwe

Mphaka wamphongo bwanji

Mphaka wamchenga ndi amodzi mwa ang'ono kwambiri pabanja la amphaka. Kutalika kwake pakufota kumangokhala 25-30 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 90. Potere, mchira umakhala pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa thupi. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazimuna imalemera mpaka 3.5 kg, ndipo zazikazi ndizopepuka. Mutu wa nyama yolusa ndi yayikulu. Zikuwoneka zokulirapo chifukwa cha ndevu. Chodabwitsa cha mawonekedwe a mutu chiri mwachisawawa. Makutu amphaka wa mchenga ndi akulu, otambalala. Amapezeka pang'onopang'ono kuposa amphaka ena. Ma auricles amawongolera kutsogolo, izi zimawathandiza kuti amve bwino omwe akuponderezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, maonekedwe a auricles amawateteza kumchenga panthawi yamkuntho.

Matako a mphaka waku Arabia ndifupikitsa koma amphamvu. Nyama yolusa imatha kugwada ndi phazi limodzi phazi. Zovala zakuthwa zimakupatsani mwayi wokumba mwachangu bowo kapena nyama zazing'ono. Pali ubweya pamatumba a paw. Imateteza mapiritsi ofewa kuti asayake (mchenga wotentha ukhoza kutentha).

amphaka aunduna amakhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, osalala

Ubweya wa mphaka wa dune ndi wandiweyani komanso wowonda, koma motalika. Chifukwa cha chovalachi, mphaka samazizira usiku ndipo samatentha masana. Mtundu wa chovalacho ndi mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, mithunzi imatha kukhala yosiyana (kuchokera kumchenga wowala mpaka imvi). Kuphatikiza apo, amphaka am'chipululu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe pazithunzi. Kumbuyo, mikwingwirima yakuda ikuyenda thonje kufikira mchira (mikwingwirima imakhala yakuda mchira). Pali zingwe zakuda zosinthika pamizeremizere, zomwezo pakapukutira (kuchokera pakona yakunja kwa maso mpaka ndevu). Chifuwa cha chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizopepuka kuposa thupi lonse. Maso a mphaka wa dune ndi ochepa, amawonda pang'ono. Mtsempha wachikasu, nthawi zina umakhala wobiriwira.

Khalidwe la Cat Desert

Mphaka wa ku Arabia ndi nyama yophweka kwambiri komanso yobisalira. Masana, nthawi zambiri amabisala, kusuntha kuchokera kumalo okhala kupita kwina. Chifukwa chake, ojambula zachilengedwe amayang'ana nyama usiku. Nyama imayendayenda mwakachetechete komanso mosamalitsa, zida zake zimakhala zofewa, ndipo mayendedwe ake sakhala opanda mawu. Mphaka wam'chipululu - umadzichenjeza pawokha, ukayandikira, imalephera ndipo imatseka maso ake kuti kuwala kwa maso asakugonjetse. Komabe, mphaka ukasaka, ndiye kuti imatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri, osasiya mchenga. Nthawi zina nyama izi zimathamanga mpaka 40 km / h.

Mphaka wa chipululu ukhoza kutchedwa kuti mkhalapakati weniweni. Nthawi zina nyama zolusa zimagwira nyama kumtunduwo. Koma mosiyana ndi amphaka ena, samakoka nyama yake mdzenje (ngati ikokedwa mumchenga, zotsala zidzatsalira). Sadzadya nyama nthawi yomweyo (kupatula apo, zitha kusungidwa). Tsono mphaka amangobisa nyama, kenako kuti abwerere tidye.

Mphaka wamchenga ndi nyama yosamala kwambiri

Pakusiya kabowo, chilombo chimadikirira mphindi 15. Ngati chilichonse chili bata, palibe chowopsa pafupi ndi burongo, amachoka. Pobwerera, imadikiranso kwakanthawi. Nyamayi imachita mantha ndi nthumwi zamtchire iliyonse, ngakhale zitakhala kuti sizingavulaze thanzi la mphaka. Mphaka wamchenga amakonda kusungulumwa. Amangolumikizana ndi abale ake nthawi yamatenga.

Dane Cat Moyo

Mphaka wamakungu amakonda kukhala m'zipululu, ndipo ngakhale chilala sichimamuwopsa. Nthawi zina, nyama zolusa zimakonda kupita kumiyala kapena m'chipululu. Amapulumuka mikhalidwe yakuthengo pokhapokha posaka. Amphaka amtchire amakhala ndi manyumba ambiri. Nthawi zina chifukwa chamadzimadzi chotumphukira cha nyama ina (mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mphaka wa ku Arabia amatha kukumba yekha. M'malo okhala, nyama zimakhala nthawi kuyembekezera usiku. Mthunzi, thupi la mphaka silimataya madzi, chifukwa cha ichi, chilombo chimatha kuchita popanda madzi. Usiku ukafika, nyama yolusa imasaka, ikusuntha mchenga womwe ukuyandikira. Komabe, kuyenda kwa "Plastonic" sikulepheretsa mphaka kuyenda ma kilomita 10 paulendo umodzi. Chilombochi chimagona masana.

Mphaka wamchenga -

Malo okhala ndi amphaka am'chipululu mu zachilengedwe

Amphaka achiArabu amakhala m'malo owuma kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chofunikira kwambiri pamalowa ndi kupezeka kwa mapiri, mapiri ndi mbewu zouma. Malo omwe amakhazikika pamaderawa ali m'makona otsatirawa:

• Sahara (Moroko, Algeria, Niger, Chad),
• Peninsula Arabia (Chipululu cha Arabia),
• Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan),
• Pakistan.

Nyama iliyonse imakhala ndi malo ake ndi zachilengedwe. Ngati kufunika kwa mitunduyo kwatayika, ndiye kuti oimira akewo sangakhalepo. Mphaka wamchenga waphunziridwa posachedwa, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti adawonekera kale asanadziwike ndi achi French. Chifukwa chake chilengedwe chimafunikirabe nyama yotereyi. Amphaka amtchire amapulula tizirombo ndipo amatha kupha njoka. Amphaka enieni amatha kuvutika ndi zilombo zokulirapo (mwachitsanzo mikango). Zonsezi zimadziwika kuti mphaka wamchenga ndi imodzi mwamalumikizidwe pazomangapo chakudya.

Moyo wamphaka wa dune ali mu ukapolo

Amphaka a Dune sanabisike kwa zaka mazana ambiri kuti atetezedwe. Komabe, pali zochitika pamene munthu adachita bwino. Mphaka wamchenga sakhala sopo wa Murzik, koma ungathe kuzolowera kupezeka kwanu. Izi zokha zimafunikira kutengedwa ngati mphaka. Maphunziro adzakankhira galu kuti alenje. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama siyisiya kuyesera kuyendayenda, kusuntha, ndi zina zotere. Ndikofunikira kuyambiranso machitidwe a chiweto mosamala kwambiri. Kuyenda kulikonse kolakwika kapena mawu amwano - ndipo munthu ataya kukayikira kwa mphaka wachilendo.

Zikuwoneka kuti, cutie uyu samakhala wopanda vuto, apo ayi amakhala m'modzi wodziwika kwambiri. Zovala zamtunduwu ndi zakufa kale, ndipo ndizowoneka bwino, amuna okongola modabwitsa.

VaffanculoCoprone, mlendo wowonera

http://www.yaplakal.com/forum13/topic1159192.html

Mphaka wamtchire wobwereredwa ndi munthu amatha kubereka katatu pachaka. Popeza kuchuluka kwa mphonje zomwe zimapezeka mu zinyalala, anthu amayesetsa kupeza mwayi wolemera. Ku Russia, zisindikizo za dune zimadula ma ruble 200,000. Ndipo zimagulidwa, chifukwa poleredwa moyenera, nyamayo imalumikizidwa ndi wodyayo komanso anthu ena pabanja. Komabe, pali malamulo ena omwe amayenera kutsatiridwa mosalephera.

Mtundu

Mtundu wa tsitsi la mphaka ukhoza kukhala kuchokera kumchenga kupita pam imvi. Kumbuyo ndi mchira mutha kuwona mikwingwirima yaimvi, yomwe imakonda kuphatikizidwa ndi mthunzi wa ubweya kapena kuwoneka wamdima kwambiri kuposa iyo. Pamutu ndi miyendo, mawonekedwe amdima. Msonga wa mchira wake ndi wakuda muchinyama, ndipo tsitsi la pachifuwa ndi chibwano limakhala lopepuka kuposa m'malo ena. Zisindikizo za mafuta ku Central Asia zimayala chovala chokulirapo nyengo yachisanu, chomwe chimakhala ndi mchenga wosasalala komanso wotuwa.

Mtundu wa nyama umamuthandiza kuti asaonekere pakati pa mchenga ndi miyala.

Moyo wokhala mu ukapolo

Mphaka wamchenga sudzakhala wanyumba kwathunthu, koma ungathe kuzolowera pamaso pa anthu.Pankhaniyi, muyenera kutenga osati mphaka wamkulu, koma mphaka wamphaka. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kusaka kwanyama mu nyama kukupitilizabe, ndipo pakufunikanso kukhala ndi moyo wosadukiza. Khalidweli limayenera kumangidwanso mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa munthu akhoza kutaya chidacho mosavuta.

Ali mu ukapolo, nyamayi imatha kubala katatu pachaka. Anthu ena amayesa kupezerapo mwayi pazinthu izi ndikupezanso likulu lawo, chifukwa mtengo wa nyama imodzi ndi ma ruble 200,000. Ndi maphunziro oyenera, mphaka amamugwiritsa ntchito anthu onse pabanja.

Osagula nyama kwa osaka, chifukwa mwakutero inunso mumakhala othandizira nawo!

Zofunikira

Kuti mphaka muzolowere zochitika zapakhomo, muyenera kumudyetsa ndi manja anu, lankhulani naye. Ziweto izi ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo otetezedwa, kutentha ndi mpweya wouma. Chipinda chosungiramo nyamayo sichabwino kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zotere nyamayo imayamba kuda nkhawa ndipo chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa chitetezo chokwanira.

Mphaka wamtundu wa peu amatengera zolankhula za anthu, zimakhudza kutengeka kwaukadaulo. Anazolowera kwambiri threyi. Koma kumukalipira chifukwa cha zolakwika siziyenera kukhala. Kuti nyamayo isawononge malowo, muyenera kugula zoseweretsa zake. Mukakhala munthawi yabwino, mutha kupanga chiwonetsero cha mphaka, ndikukonzekeretsa "nyumba" yotere motere:

• kutsanulira mchenga
• pangani pobisalira
• zitsamba zobzala.

Zingakhale bwino kuyika nyumba yotenthetsera m'nyumba. Mukakhala kundende, nyamayi imakhala zaka 15, koma nthawi imeneyi imatha kupitilira nthawi yobisika pafupi ndi chilengedwe.

Vidiyo: Mphaka wamchenga ku malo osungirako nyama ku Israel adabereka ana amphaka

Mphaka wokhala ndi mchenga ndi nyama yanzeru yochenjera yosakonda kukumana ndi anthu kuthengo. Komabe, muukapolo, mutha kuwononga mwakupanga zofunikira zonse za chiweto. Ndi tiana tating'ono tomwe timazolowera zinthu zapakhomo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kubereka munthu wamkulu. Chiwerengerochi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chosowa - sichinalembedwe mu Red Book, koma chimatetezedwa.

Zosamalidwa

Choyamba muyenera mphaka kuti muzizolowere. Mutha kudyetsa mwanayo ndi manja anu ndikulankhula naye kuti athe kukumbukira mawu osangalatsa. Muyenera kudyetsa chiweto chotere ndi chakudya pafupi ndi chomwe iye angalandire kutchire:

• nyama ya nkhuku (zotheka ndi mafupa ang'onoang'ono),
• ng'ombe,
• nsomba,
• mbewa zapakhomo (ngati mphaka imatha kuigwira).

Mwachilengedwe, amphaka amchenga amadya abuluzi onse ndi anapiye. Ndikuganiza kuti azitha kudyetsedwa nkhuku. Mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe igula pafupifupi ma ruble 300 (pa kilogalamu), fillet ya nkhuku - ma ruble 180, ndipo zigawo zingapo ndizofunika ma ruble 80-100. Awa ndi mitengo yolinganiza, koma kusiyana ndikuwonekeratu komanso kofunikira. Zimatenga ndalama zambiri kusamalira chilombo.

Nthawi zambiri nyama zodya mchenga zimadyetsedwa chakudya champhaka chouma. Kumeneku, kuli mavitamini ambiri ndi zinthu zina zothandiza, koma thupi la chilombo silimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zotere. Chifukwa chake, nyamayo iyenera kukhala yaiwisi, ndipo mbewa iyenera kugwidwa ndi mphaka yokha. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya, muyenera kuda nkhawa ndi nyengo. Mpweya wozizira komanso wowuma suyenera amphaka a ndulu. Funani kutentha kokhazikika ndi mpweya wouma. Mukasunga mphaka kunyumba, ndiye kuti chitetezo cham'mimba chitha kusokonezeka. Ma microclimate osinthika komanso chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chimachita zanzeru. Thupi la nyama liziwombana ndi matenda ndi ma virus, chifukwa chake katemera ndi amodzi mwa malamulo oyenera.

amphaka a arab amatha kuphunzitsa

Kuzolowera tray ndikosavuta. Ngakhale thireyi la mphaka ndiyabwino ngati mphika. Amphaka a Velvet mwachangu amayamba kumvetsetsa kuyankhula kwa anthu komanso kutulutsa mawu. Chifukwa chake, chiweto sichinganeneredwe chifukwa chazolakwika. Komanso zilombo zolusa sizingamenyedwe. Kuti mphaka isawononge mipando ndi zinthu, amafunika zoseweretsa kwambiri. Ngati nyengo ilola, mutha kuyikonzera chiwongolero chachikulu. Muyenera kuthira mchenga mmalo mwake, kubzala zitsamba ndikupanga malo okhala. Zoyenera - kukhalapo kwa makulidwe a nyumba yotenthetsera. Ndikasamalidwa bwino, mphaka wamchenga amatha kukhala ndi zaka 15.

Amphaka amtundu wa Dune ali mu ukapolo amasungidwa malo osungira nyama kapena m'malo ena wamba. Kwa amalonda achinsinsi nyama zimadutsamo akuba. Ndikhulupirira kuti kugula amphaka amtchire kwa ogulitsa ndikulakwa (osachepera). Ngati mitunduyi ndiyosowa, ndiye kuti posakhalitsa sipezeka konse. Ndipo ngati pakufunidwa kwa ozembe, ndiye kuti sadzagwira amphaka. Ndikuganiza kuti ngati mungakonde nyama ina misala, mungadzipereke ku zoo ndi kusamalira mwana mmodzi pamenepo. Komano simuyenera kuganizira komwe mungapeze mdani wamkulu.

Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya mphaka

Palibe zambiri zodalirika pazambiri zachilengedwe. Pali kungoganiza kuti ndi ochepa. Kupatula apo, anthu akusanthula malo atsopano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amphaka ayenera kupita kutali ndi kutali. Amphaka am'chipululu amayesa kukhala kutali ndi anthu. Nyama zoponderezedwazo zimagwidwa ndi olosera kuti agulitse nyama yaying'ono pamsika wakuda. Pomaliza kuyesa kuchuluka kwa anthu, akatswiri azamanyama anazindikira kuti alipo oposa 50,000.

Ndi ziwerengero zoterezi, ndizosatheka kuyitanitsa kuti mitunduyi ili pangozi, koma amphaka a dune amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse. Mphaka wamchenga ndi amodzi mwa nyama zomwe zitha kukhala pangozi. Chifukwa chake, malonda mu nyama izi ndizoletsedwa. Pali mayiko omwe mulibe amphaka amchenga:

Ndikhulupirira kuti ndizosatheka kugwira nyama zakuthengo konse. Ndi chinthu chimodzi pamene ana osabereka atasiyidwa popanda mayi ndipo ndi munthu yekhayo amene angadyetse ana. Ndipo chinthu chinanso ndi chakuti munthu akapatula nyama yomwe imakhala m'chilengedwe chake ndi manja ake. Ndidauzidwa kuti kitimu cha ndowe chitha kugulidwa ku Moscow $ 5,000-1,000,000. Ndikuganiza kuti kuchuluka kumeneku sikungonena zowerengeka zazomwe zimavulaza mtunduwo.

Mphaka wamchenga (mphaka wa arab, mchenga kapena mphaka wa m'chipululu) ndiosowa kwambiri mwa nyama zachilengedwe zonenepa. Zoyang'anira zimakhala m'mapululu. Amphaka awa amasiyana ndi oyimira amtundu wina pakuwoneka kwawo (makutu akulu, maso opapatiza ndi miyendo yamphamvu, yayifupi). Amphaka amtundu wa dune amakhala ndi moyo wosamala, amapewa kudya nyama zodyera komanso anthu, kudya nyama zazing'ono. Pali nthawi zina pamene amphaka amchenga amasinthidwa. Komabe, nyamazo zidalembedwa mbuku la Red Book ndipo ndizoletsedwa kugwira / kugulitsa nyama.