Haddock ndiye mtundu wokhawo wa mtundu wa haddock womwe umachokera ku banja la maina. Dzina lake lachi Latin ndi Melanogrammus aeglefinus.

Malo omwe amakhala ndi nyanja zam'mwera za nyanja ya Arctic ndi Atlantic. Ili ndi phindu lofunikira posodza. Mtundu wa haddock adayamba kufotokozedwa ndi wasayansi wachilengedwe waku Sweden Karl Linney mu 1758. Ndipo mtundu wa haddock adafotokozedwa pambuyo pake, monga mu 1862, ndi wofufuza waku America Theodore Gill.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa haddock kumayambira 50 mpaka 75 cm, komabe, anthu amapezeka omwe amafikira kutalika kwa mita imodzi kapena kupitilira.

Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

Kulemera kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu awiri ndi atatu, koma milandu yodziwika yayikulu, yomwe kulemera kwake kunachokera 12 mpaka 19 kg, kunalembedwa. Haddock amoyo amatha kukhala ndi zaka 14. Thupi la nsomba iyi ndiwokwera kwambiri, pang'ono pang'ono. Kumbuyo kuli ndi utoto wamdima wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wa lilac, mbali zake ndizopepuka, silvery, m'mimba amathanso kukhala oyera kapena oyera oyera. Panjira yakuda. M'mphepete mwa dothi pamunsi pa mzerewo pali malo ena akulu akuda, omwe amapezeka pakati pa pectoral ndi zipsepse zoyambirira za dorsal.

Ndizachilendo kuti forsal fin yoyamba ya haddock ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa yachiwiri ndi yachitatu. Fin anal yoyamba imayamba pang'ono kuseri kwa vertical, kudutsa kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa dorsal fin yoyamba, ndipo sikusiyana pamiyeso yayikulu. Pakamwa pamapezeka mbali yakumutu, yaying'ono kukula, nsagwada yapamwamba imakwezedwa pang'ono. Pa chibwano pali tinyanga tating'ono, kam'mimba.

Kufalitsa

Haddock amakhala m'madzi amchere amchere, omwe mchere wake ndi 32-33 ppm. Malo okhalamo ndi gawo la kumpoto kwa Atlantic Ocean, m'madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi gombe la North America ndi North Europe, pafupi ndi gombe la Iceland, komanso ku nyanja za Barents ndi Norland of the Arctic Ocean. Palinso ma haddock ambiri kum'mwera kwa Barents Sea komanso ku North Sea pafupi ndi Iceland, komanso ku Newfoundland Bank. Chiwombankhanga chochepa kwambiri chimapezeka pagombe la Greenland, koma ku Labrador Peninsula nsomba sizipezeka konse. Ambiri amakhala atakhala m'madzi aku Russia, mwachitsanzo, kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Barents. Koma mu Nyanja Yoyera kuchuluka kwake kuli kocheperako, ku Baltic kulibe konse. Izi mwina zikuchitika chifukwa cha mchere wochepa womwe umapezeka m'madzi am'nyanja izi.

Moyo

Haddock ndi gulu la nsomba zomwe zimatsogolera moyo wapansi. Madzi akuya momwe iye amakhalamo amayambira 60 mpaka 200 metres, nthawi zina amatha kulowa pansi mpaka kufika pa kilomita imodzi. Haddock wachichepere amadutsa ku moyo wapansi pofika chaka chimodzi. Mpaka nthawi ino, imakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi ndipo imadyetsa mosaposa mamita 100. Nsomba zamtunduwu sizimasiya malire a nyanja. Pakajambulidwa nkhani zokhala ngati zodumphapo mu Nyanja ya Norwe ku malo osaya, koma zotengera izi zidali zofooka kwambiri ndipo zidatsala pang'ono kufa.

Haddock amatha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi kudya nsomba zina zam'madzi.

Maziko a chakudya cha haddock ndi benthos. Awa ndi ma benthic invertebrates, mwachitsanzo, crustaceans, nyongolotsi, echinoderms ndi ma mollusks, komanso ophiurs. Chofunikanso mu zakudya za haddock ndi caviar ndi nsomba mwachangu. Menyu ya haddock ku North ndi Barents Seas ndiyosiyana. Chifukwa chake, haddock waku North North amadya caviar hering'i, ndi haddock ya Nyanja ya Barents - caviar ndi capelin mwachangu.

Nyanja ya Barents, malo akuluakulu omwe amadyetsa amadyali ndi malo pafupi ndi Cape Kanin Nos, komanso mozungulira Chilumba cha Kolguyev komanso m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa Kola Peninsula.

Kuberekanso komanso kusamuka

Haddock amafika kutha msinkhu akafika zaka 3-5. Podzafika nthawi imeneyi, kutalika kwa nsombazi kumafika 40 cm, ndipo kulemera - 1 kg. Ndizosangalatsa kutiddock wokhala ku North Sea akucha msanga, pofika zaka 2-3, ndipo omwe akukhala ku Barents Sea amayamba pang'onopang'ono - ali ndi zaka 5-7, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mpaka 8-10 wazaka. Udzu wofalikira womwe umakhalapo kuyambira pa Epulo mpaka Juni. Nsomba zimasamukira, ndipo zimasamuka pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanayambe kutulutsa. Njira yofananira yolowera maudzu osunthika ndi njira kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Barents kupita ku Norway, ndendende kupita ku zilumba za Lofoten.

Malo ofunikira kukakhala kwadadock:

• European bara - gombe lakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Norway, madera akumadzulo ndi kum'mwera kwa Iceland, madzi a m'mphepete mwa Ireland ndi Scotland, madzi osaya a Lofoten,
• North America - madzi amphepete mwa nyanja ku US kudera la New England, gombe la Canada pafupi ndi gombe la Nova Scotia.

Zachikazi za Haddock zimatha kusesa mazira miliyoni mpaka 1.8 miliyoni kuti zibalike. Caviar yamtundu wamtunduwu ndi pelagic. Madzi am'nyanja amatenga caviar, mphutsi, ndi udzu wokhazikika pamtunda wautali kwambiri kuchokera m'malo obisika. Ana achidwi achidwi ndi ana amakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi, omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi achibale akuluakulu. Ana aubweya amatha kubisala kwa adani omwe amakhala pansi pa dosesfish zazikulu.

Monga tanena kale, nsombayi imatha kusunthira nthawi yayitali kutalika ndi kunenepa. Kusunthika kwakutsogolo kwambiri kwa Nyanja ya Barents. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amasamukira njira yotsatirayi - pamodzi ndi Nordkapp kuchokera kumpoto kwa Norway kupita kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Barents ndi Irminger Current kuchokera ku North Sea kupita kumpoto kwa Iceland.

Tanthauzo ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito

Haddock ndi yofunika kwambiri pamalonda ku Barents ndi North Seas komanso gombe la North America. Kugwira kwawo kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zomba, maukonde asodzi, maukonde aku Danish komanso zombo zonyamula katundu. Mwa nsomba zamatini, haddock ali m'malo achitatu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba. Pamaso pa cod wake ndi pollock. Chaka chilichonse, matani miliyoni a nsomba za 0.5-0.75 miliyoni amagwidwa padziko lapansi.

Kufunika kopha nsomba kwa udzu kunaukakamiza kuti uphatikizidwe mu Red Book, chifukwa nsomba ikuwopsezedwa kuti ithedwa.

Katundu wa Haddock amasiyanasiyana kwambiri pazaka zambiri. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ma haddock, komwe kumakhudza kubwezeretsanso kwa haddock munyanja. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, ntchito zamafakitale za haddock zidachepa kwambiri ku North America, komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa zayamba kuchuluka ndipo ikuyandikira gawo lolingana ndi 30s - 60s ya zaka za zana la 20.

Ku Soviet Union mkatikati mwa zaka zana zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa migodi ya haddock kunatenga malo achiwiri pakati pa cod. Cod zokha zidamugwira. Pambuyo pake adayamba kukulitsa polowera, chifukwa pomwe idasunthira kumalo ena. Lero nsomba iyi imatenga malo achinayi mwa nsomba zonse zomwe zikugwiridwa ku Russia mu Nyanja ya Barents mwa kugwira. Malo atatu oyambilira amakhala ndi cod, cod ndi capelin. Ndipo pakati pa cod, iye ali wachiwiri. M'chaka cha 2000, nsomba zomwe zidagulitsidwa zinali matani 8502, ndipo nsomba za ma cod zinali matani 23116 a khodi.