Bakha wa Pego ndi amodzi mwa oimira zokongola kwambiri banja la bakha chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yambiri. Mbalame yapaderayi imakhala ndi zinthu zina zokhala atsekwe ndi swans. Kwa oyamba, "adatengera" pansi ndi mlengalenga: mbawala ndi bakha omwe samachedwa, mwachangu ndikumayenda kwambiri pamtunda, koma osasunthika mowuluka, amawuluka pang'onopang'ono ndipo samakonda kuwuluka mapiko ake ngati atsekwe. Ndi swans, imalumikizidwa ndi monogamy pamaubwenzi: amuna ndi akazi amapanga mgwirizano wamphamvu wamoyo.
Kufotokozera kwa nsabwe za bakha
Ichi ndi chida chachikulu chamadzi ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Kutalika, zazimuna zimafika masentimita 58, amuna - 65 cm, ndipo mapiko awo amasiyanasiyana 110 mpaka 130. Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi abale ake khosi lalitali komanso miyendo yayitali. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi 0.9-1.65 kg, zachikazi - 0,6-1.3 kg.
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzichi, bakha wa pegans amasiyana ndi abakha ena omwe ali mumtundu wa motley omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yowala. Kapangidwe koyera kakale kameneka kamasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi mtundu wakuda wowoneka bwino ndi mtundu wamutu, khosi, malekezero a mapiko ndi gawo lapakati pamimba ndi kumbuyo. Maonekedwe okongola a mbalameyi amaperekedwa ndi gulu lofiirira, lophimba pachifuwa, zopindika ndi mbali yakumbuyo, komanso mchira wofiira, miyendo yapinki ndi mulomo wofiirira.
Makhalidwe aimuna amaphatikizanso magalasi owoneka bwino obiriwira pamapiko ndi kukula kwa pineal womwewo ngati mulomo wokongoletsera mulomo. Mwa akazi, nthenga kuzungulira maso ndi zoyera.
Habitat
Bakha wa Pegans waphatikizidwa mu Red Book kwa nthawi yayitali, popeza kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepa. Kutengera ndi moyo, mbalamezi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amakhala m'madzi amchere komanso opanda mchere omwe amakhala kumadera louma a Central Asia, chachiwiri - magombe a ku Europe. Ku Russia, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku steppe ndi nkhalango zokhala kumapiri kumwera, komanso kuzilumba za White Sea.
Mbalamezi zimafika kumalo osungira zisa m'mawa kwambiri. Pomanga zisa zamtsogolo, amasankha magwero amadzi ndi brackish kapena madzi amchere, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi miyala kapena mchenga wamchenga.
Kuchulukitsa
Dzina lachi Russia - Peganka, Atayka
Dzina lachi Latin - Tadorna tadorna
Chizungu - Сommon shelduck
Kalasi - Mbalame (Aves)
Dongosolo - Anseriformes
Banja - abakha (Anatidae)
Genus - Pegans (Tadorna)
Pochita misonkho, anyani amakhala pakatikati pa atsekwe ndi abakha, ndipo magulu onse a mbalame amafanana mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe awo. Pafupifupi, nkhandwe zimawoneka ngati mtundu wakale kwambiri komanso wakale wakale wa abakha. Dzina lodziwika bwino la mbuluzi ndi moto wawo wapafupi - "abakha matope" adatulukira pokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo chokhala m'mizere, mapindikidwe a miyala, miyala yamiyala.
Kuswana
Kukhwima pakugonana kwa abakha a amuna a Pego kumachitika zaka 4-5, koma mwa akazi, kuthekera kuyikira mazira kumachitika kawiri koyambirira. Nthawi yakukhwima mu mbalamezi imayamba ikangofika kumalo osungira mazimba, ndipo mbewu zimangowoneka m'chilimwe. Mpaka "oyenera" "omwe" amatha kusamalira "mkwatibwi" yemwe angathe kukhala. Pa mwambowo, amphongo amapanga mawu okweza kwambiri, natambasula makosi awo, ndikupukusa mitu yawo ndi uta. Ukwati umavina mosiyanasiyana ndi ndewu pakati pa olimbana. Yaikazi imapita kwa yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe idapambana ndewu za anzawo.
Atapanga awiriwa, mbalame zimapita kukafunafuna malo okhalamo, omwe angapezeke patali kutali ndi gombe. Nkhumba nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mabowo akale mumitengo kapena mabowo a nyama zosiyanasiyana: ma badger, marmog, ankhandwe, corsacs, koma amatha kukumba okha pansi panthaka. Nthawi zina maanja amapangira zisa zomera m'tchire.
Yaikazi imayala pansi pa dzenje pansi ndi udzu wouma, kenako ikayika mazira. Pafupipafupi, clutch imakhala ndi mazira 8-12, koma nthawi zina chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufikira 18. Nthawi ndi nthawi kuyamwa kuchoka pachisa, bakha amaphimba mazira pansi. M'masiku awiri omalizira anapiyewo asanaonekere, nkhuku ya ana siyichoka mnyumbamo. Nthawi yodula matendawa imatha masiku 30, ndipo nthawi yonseyi madambawa amakhala pafupi ndi chisa, kuteteza "mnzawo" ndi ana amtsogolo kwa adani.
Malo osungira
Peganca kudutsa kosiyanasiyana ndiyabwinobwino, ndipo m'malo ena, mitundu yambiri ya mbalame. Pambuyo pakuchepa kwakukulu m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, ziwerengero zake zidayamba kuchuluka. Tsopano mbalameyi ikufufuza mwachangu magawo atsopano m'madzi aku Asia. Malinga ndi mkhalidwe wotetezedwa wapadziko lonse lapansi, anyaniwa ndi amodzi mwamitundu yodetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi cha pegans ndi anthu pafupifupi 600-700,000.
Kukula kwa chifuwa
Ana oyamwa amabadwira mu "chovala chaubweya" chofewa ndipo amakhala atakhazikika kale. Amatuluka mu chisa nthawi yomweyo ndikuyenda bwino. Komanso, ngati nyumba yawo ili yokwera, anapiyewo amadumphira pansi mwamantha. Makolo amatenga ana awo kupita kugombe la posungira kuti akadyetse. Ana ambiri amayenera kuthana ndi maulendo ataliatali kuchokera pachisa kupita kugombe.
Paulendo wopita ku dziwe, bakha amapita patsogolo pa anapiye, ndipo Drake - pambali kapena kutseka mzati, kuteteza banja lake.
Nthawi zina pagombe, ana a mabanja angapo amalumikizana pagulu, ndikupanga mtundu wa "ana aang'ono", otetezedwa ndi makolo ndi abambo, omwe pakati pawo amakangana nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha changu chawo pantchito yawo yokomera. Nthawi zina, wopambanayo amathamangitsa amuna angapo osagonjetsedwa kumadyetsa, ndikufotokozera ana awo kwa anapiye awo.
Mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi theka, achichepere amakhala pafupi ndi malo awo obisalamo otetezedwa ndi makolo awo, ngakhale dokotalayo amasiya ntchito ya abambo asanachitike bakha. Pakadutsa masabata 7-8 atabadwa, ana abwinowa amachoka m'nyumba zawo ndikuyamba kudziyimira pawokha.
Chopanga chakudya
Mitundu ya moyo ndi "menyu" wa bakha wankhumba amatsimikiza ndi malo okhala. Mbalameyi imasambira bwino, itagwira thupi lake m'madzi. Ponena za kuloza pansi, bakha wamtunduwu samachita njira yotengera chakudya.
Chakudya cha pegans chimakhala makamaka ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Mukamayenda mafunde ambiri, abakha amapuma m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'madzi, ndipo akakhala mafunde ochepa amapita kumadzi osaya, osaka nyama zokhala ngati ma crustaceans ndi mollusks. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimadyanso algae, earthworms, caviar ndi nsomba mwachangu, tizilombo tomwe mumadzi ndi nyama zina.
Kuphatikiza pa moyo wapamadzi, Pegans amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala pamtunda, komanso mphukira zam'mera ndi mbewu za mbewu zina. Mbalamezi sizimakonda "zakudya" zam'madzi zatsopano, chifukwa sizikhala chisa pafupi ndi malo abwino.
Mwachitsanzo, pagombe lakumpoto kwa Atlantic, kudya kwa pegans kuli 90% yopangidwa ndi nkhono zazing'ono za Hydrobia ulvae, pafupi ndi gombe la Azov ndi Nyanja Yakuda, komanso malo osungira aku Asia, abakha awa amadya ndi crustaceans ndi mphutsi za udzudzu wamphasi.
Kusintha kwamapulogalamu
Njira yosungunuka m'makhola amphongo imayamba msanga kuposa zazikazi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ma drake amasiya ana awo kale kuposa "okwatirana", chifukwa amakhala ndi nthawi yosintha maula, pomwe sangathe kuwuluka. Amuna amasonkhana m'magulu akulu m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Achinyamata akaima kumapiko, kuyerekeza kumayamba mwa akazi, omwe nthawi yomweyo amalumikizana ndi gulu la amuna.
Njira yosintha maula ikatha, mbalame zachikulire zimakhalabe m'matumba omwe amapangidwanso ndi kukula kwachinyamata. Pegans amakhala moyo wachikoloni mpaka kuchoka.
Mtengo wamakampani
Pokhala mbalame zokongola mwapadera, anyani nthawi zonse amakhala chinthu chosaka, ngakhale sanali nawo masewera ambiri. Masiku ano, kuwedza kwa mbalameyi nkoletsedwa kotheratu, popeza mitundu yake ina ili pafupi kutha. Ngale zodziwika bwino zimatha kubereka mu ukapolo, motero zimakula ngati mbalame yokongoletsera maiwe a mapaki.
M'mayiko ena a ku Europe, kusonkhanitsa kwa chisa kuchokera ku chisa cha bakha kumachitika, chifukwa pamlingo wake sikutsika otsika. Ponena za thanzi la nkhumba zamtchire, nthawi yotentha imakhala yovuta, chifukwa imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Ndi nyengo yozizira, mtundu wake umakhala bwinoko, koma ku Europe ndimawonekabe osayenera kudya.
Alimi omwe amabzala mbalameyi mu ukapolo, akaphera nyama kuti adye, nthawi yozizira yokha. Nthawi yomweyo, musanakonze bakha wa peganka, umakutidwa m'mimba ndikusiya kuzizira kwa masiku angapo kuti nyama "ipse" ndipo fungo lake losasangalatsa limafupika.
Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa bakha wamtunduwu chimachitika ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera ena, kutanthauza kuphika, kuwira, kuwotcha kapena kuphika. Chifukwa chake, momwe kuphika bakha wa peganca, aliyense amasankha yekha, kutengera zomwe amakonda. Koma, mosasamala kanthu za kaphikidwe komwe adasankhako, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyama yake si "yosangalatsa" ndi zonunkhira zambiri, kupatula tsabola wakuda ndi mchere, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuyesa zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Pali mitundu itatu yamitundu iyi:
- kuchotsedwa (poganiza kuti palibe),
- wamba
- rajah.
Pagawo la Russian Federation, bakha wamba wa pegank amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Mwa anthu amatchedwanso thanthwe. Nthawi zingapo, a Peganus amasokonezeka ndi abakha ndi moto, monga ali ndi miyeso yofanana ndi kapangidwe ka thupi.
Mtundu wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umapanga mawu osiyanasiyana. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amati makina amkazi achikazi amatha kukhala ndi mawu pafupifupi 12. Nthawi zambiri, "amawunjikana" panthawi yomwe amathawa, ndipo pakakhala ngozi, amawomba alarm "gaak-gaak". Mu nyengo yakukhwima, amuna amapanga likhweru "Dew Dew."
Mawonekedwe
Makhalidwe akunja a mtundu:
- kutalika kwa thupi - kuyambira 57 mpaka 68 cm,
- unyinji wa akazi - kuyambira 0,6 mpaka 1,3 kg, amuna - kuyambira 0.9 mpaka 1.6 kg,
- mapiko - kuyambira 110 mpaka 130 cm,
- kutalika kwa mulomo wachikazi kumayambira 5.3 mpaka 5,7 cm, mwa amuna - kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 5.8 cm.
Miyendo ndi khosi la mtunduwu ndi zazitali. Thupi lili ndi miyeso yayikulu komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mchirawo ndiwotalika kukula.
Mtundu
Mtundu uwu wa abakha ndiosavuta kuwasiyanitsa ndi mafoni ena amadzi. Amasiyana mumitundu:
- Mutu wakuda womwe umasefukira.
- Khosi lakuda limakhala ndi maziko oyera komanso tsekwe.
- Mmbali ndi pafupifupi kumbuyo konse ndi zoyera.
- Kupyola m'mphepete, peritoneum ndi mapewa, gulu lofiira la motley limatalikirana, pomwe m'chigawo cha pamimba pamakhala timatanda tating'ono takuda.
- Nthenga zake zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda.
- Kugulitsa mkati kumakhala ndi maula ofiira a lalanje.
- Mlomo ndi miyendo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi hue wofiirira wambiri.
- Diso la iris - lofiirira.
Mosiyana ndi amuna, akazi ali ndi:
- kuchuluka kwazinthu,
- "eyeliner" yoyera ngati chipale pafupi ndi zitsulo zamaso,
- nthenga zoyera kwambiri pa chifuwa ndi mutu,
- Mzere wakuda wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga oyera m'munsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, zazikazi zimasowa kukula kooneka ngati mkombero. Izi mtundu wa abakha amatulutsa kawiri pachaka. Pakusungunuka mu chirimwe, mbalame zimasinthana kukhala zowerengeka nyengo isanayambe kubereka.
Maonekedwe a ma drake panthawiyi amakhala osawoneka bwino. Nthenga zawo zakuda zonyezimira m'khosi ndi mutu zimasanduka zofiirira, ndipo m'mphepete mwa bulauni mumawoneka lamba wamalalanje. Kukula kwacinyamata kumakhala ndi mtundu womwewo wamafuta ngati akazi. Mutha kuwasiyanitsa ndi mulomo wokhala ndi nthenga komanso kusapezeka kwa kalilore wobiriwira pamapiko.
Habitat
Pegans ndiofala m'madera ambiri. Chiyerekezo cha mtunduwu chimachokera kwa akulu akulu 580 mpaka 710. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbalamezi ku Eurasia. Ku Russia, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kumafika pa anthu 100,000. M'madera aku Russia, nthawi zambiri amakhala chisa:
- m'madzi a nyanja ya Azov ndi Caspian,
- nkhalango zopondera ku Crimea,
- in Transbaikalia,
- ku Caucasus
- m'mphepete mwa zilumba za Barents ndi White Seas,
- m'dera la Orenburg,
- m'dera la Volga
- ku Siberia.
Abakha ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wosamukasamuka kapena wosamukasamuka. Kwa nthawi yozizira, anthu okhala ku Iran, Turkmenistan ndi maiko ena akumwera sanyamuka. Mbalame zosamukira zimapita ku India, Burma, China ndi mayiko ena.
Kukhazikika kwa mbedza kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chikondi chawo cha brackish and salt salt. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja ndi madzi amchere. Zosamalira chisa, zimafunikira malo a mapiri, otseguka kapena miyala, momwe mumapezeka miyala ingapo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya za pegans zimatsimikiziridwa ndi malo awo okhala. Zimakhazikitsidwa pazinthu zanyama. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri sizidya amadyera ndi mbewu.
Zosankha zachitsanzo za abakha
- nsomba mwachangu ndi mazira,
- nkhono, nsomba zazinkhanira,
- tizilombo
- nsomba zam'madzi,
- mbewu ndi zomeretsa m'minda.
M'mphepete mwa nyanja, mbalame zimadyera mafunde ataliatali, zimasefa chakudya chokhala ndi mulomo. Pokhala malo osungira, iwo amatola chakudya mwachindunji kuchokera pamwamba. Ndi achinyamata ochepa okha amene amatha kulowa m'madzi. Akuluakulu, kuthekera uku kulibe.
Masewera aubwenzi
Kuvina kovina kumatengera kwa mtundu uwu kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (Marichi-Epulo). Zikatero, mbalamezo zimasambira kumayang'anana, ndikutsamira pamadzi ndi milomo yawo ndikuwerama pang'ono. Pambuyo pakugwada, yamphongo imayamba kuwonetsa zazikazi kwa mkazi. Amasambira pafupi ndi mbalame, imasewera ndi khosi, imagwedeza mchira wake ndikuyimba mivi. Dokotalayo akalimbana ndi mnzake, iye amakhala m'madzi, modzidzimutsa. Wotsutsayo amatsatira njira yomweyo.
Pankhondo ya Drakes malamulo apadera amagwira:
- Mbalame zimalira ndi milomo yake,
- kuyimirira pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake, ndikuwonetsa mandalo am'mapiko, kutseka,
- kupindika pa mpira,
- kwezani mutu.
Chifukwa cha kumenyanako, mbalamezo zimapanga uta wothandizana, ndikukweza mitu, kenako ndikuziviika m'madzi. Zinthu zimatha kumenya nkhondo pokhapokha pogawa gawo la chisa.
Chipangizo cha Nest
Zisa za Pegasus zimapezeka m'makumba a marmot, badger, nkhandwe ndi ena okhala m'nkhalango. M'dzenje lalikulu ndi malo ambiri, mbalame zingapo zimatha kukhala nthawi imodzi. Ngati abakha satha kupeza bowo, ndiye kuti amakhala m'miyala yamiyala, m'maenje amitengo, m'maenje, paming'oma ndi m'malo ena obisika. Nthawi zambiri, mtunduwu pawokha umadzifunsira mabowo panthaka yopanda kapena yamchenga. Pankhaniyi, chisa chimatulutsidwa ndi moss, nthambi, fluff ndi udzu wouma.
Kulakwitsa ndi kuwaswa
Kukula kwakanthawi kwamabwana awa ndi mazira 8-16. Akazi omwe analibe nthawi kapena osatha kumanga chisa amaponyera mazira awo kwa anthu ena. Ma kashiyi amakhala ndi kirimu kapena kirimu. Yaikazi imasungira mazira pafupifupi masiku 28-32. Nthawi yonseyi kuyimba kumakhala koteteza m'gawo lathu.
Nkhupakupa zimabadwa ndipo pambuyo masiku 1-2 kupita kumadzi ndi makolo awo. Potere, anapiye ochokera kwa ana osiyanasiyana amatha kuphatikizidwa. Makolo nawonso amalumikizana, kupatsa ana awo chitetezo chodalirika kwa akhwangwala, osaka, owafunsana ndi adani ena owopsa. Kale m'masiku oyamba, ana abwana amayamba kusambira ndikuyamba kusuntha. Pa miyezi iwiri ali okonzeka kudzilimira.
Kutulutsidwira khola
Nyama zazing'ono zamtunduwu sizimawopa anthu, chifukwa chake abakha amatha kuzimiririka. Pegans nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumalo osungira nyama ndi minda. Ndiosavuta kuwasungira kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupereka:
- chakumwa chatsopano
- kudya msipu wokhala ndi zomera zochepa,
- Zakudya zoyenera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu, buledi ndi zakudya zapadera, masamba, zipatso ndi zinyalala zamasamba
- dziwe laling'ono kapena lachilengedwe,
- malo abwino odyetserako ziweto,
- chipinda chogwira bwino ndi kutentha kwa dzinja.
Ali mu ukapolo, abakha amabala msanga. Mavuto amatha kukhala muukali wa kubadwa kwa mwana.
Zosangalatsa
Ku Australia ndi New Guinea, mitengo ya pegan yalembedwa mu Red Book. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtundu wa bakhawu adafotokozedwa ndi Karl Linnaeus mu 1758. Nthawi yayitali yomwe anthu amakhala nayo zaka 15 ndi zaka.
Mbalame, zikapanga awiri, zimatha kuthamangitsa nkhandwe mdzenje lake. Mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsa kutentha kwa fluff wamba wamba zimafanana ndi kulowa pansi. Mbadwa zamtunduwu sizimadyedwa nthawi zambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi kununkhira kwake kwa nyama yake.
Tufted peganka adavomerezedwa kuti ndi mtundu wosowa, komabe, m'zaka zapitazi, panali malipoti akuti anthuwa adapezeka pagawo la Primorsky Territory. M'nyengo yachilimwe yotentha, abakha awa sangathe kuwuluka. Chifukwa chake, amaphatikizidwa m'magulu akulu kuti adziteteze.
Mverani mawu a ngale
Kuti azikhala momasuka Pegans amasankha malo otseguka. Amakonda m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyanja ndi mitsinje yoyenda mopondera. Amakhala m'magulu, koma ochepa - anthu 6 mpaka 8 okha. Mosiyana ndi nthumwi zina za banja la bakha, Ma Nguluwa samakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndipo amayenda pansi molimba mtima komanso mwachangu. Ngati mbalamezi zili pachiwopsezo, ndiye kuti zimatha kuuluka mosavuta. Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimakonda nkhumba, kapena kupangira anapiye awo, ndiko kubira. Akamakula, mbalamezi zimataya maluso amenewa.
Masewera aubwenzi.
Chakudya chachikulu cha pegans ndi nyama zam'madzi: zochepa zokhala ndi mbewa, mphutsi za tizilombo m'madzi, crustaceans. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhandwe zimatha kugwira tizilombo touluka, monga dzombe. Zakudya zamasamba zimasiyanitsa zakudya zomwe sizimadya kawirikawiri.
Nthawi yobereketsa imayamba m'mabulu atchire m'mawa, m'miyezi yoyambirira yamasika. Ma penguin amadziwika ndi masewera owala kwambiri. Amuna amakhala osakwiya komanso ankhanza. Ndipo "zisudzo" zonsezi zimakonzedwa kuti zizikopa wamkazi. Komabe, ngati mungayang'ane muubwenziwo, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti ndewu zonsezi zimachitika pachabe, chifukwa anthu osankhana nthawi zonse amasankha omwe ali nawo omwewo, ndipo izi zimapitilira m'moyo wawo wonse.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakhola, mulomo ndi miyendo, zomwe zimapakidwa pamithunzi yapinki.
Nthawi zambiri, abakha awa amatha kukonzekeretsa zisa zawo m'maenje osiyidwa ndi nkhandwe ndi ma bad. Nthawi zambiri, m'matumbo a nkhumba kuyambira mazira 6 mpaka 9. Ali ndi chipolopolo choyera. Nthawi yonse yamphongo yamphongo, amasamalira mayi wamtsogolo ndi ana ake. Izi zimatenga mwezi. Mphutsi zamkaka zimayamba kulumikizana mwachangu, miyezi iwiri ikatha. Komabe, kutha msinkhu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa chaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhumba ndi ma mbewa, amphaka amtchire, ankhandwe, nkhandwe, agalu, ma loonies, otters ndi ma kites.
Ngakhale zimasakidwa ndi zilombo komanso ndi anthu, mitundu yamtunduwu siziwona ngati yaying'ono ndipo siwopsezedwa kuti idzawonongedwa kapena kutha.
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Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mtundu
Bakha amtchire awa adalembedwa mu Red Book, popeza kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera. Koma pakadali pano, ambiri mwa mbalamezi ali m'malo osungira nyama padziko lapansi, amasungidwa m'mapaki amtawuni, komwe amakhala momasuka m'malo osungira zinthu, kukopa alendo ambiri ndi mawonekedwe awo abwino ndi machitidwe awo.
Zindikirani! Peganka amatchedwa bakha wa Atay kapena bakha wa Atayka, ngakhale Altayka.
M'mawonekedwe ndi ulemu, sangakhale gulu limodzi la bakha, ndipo akatswiri odziwa zachilengedwe amadziona kuti ndi mitundu yapakati pa atsekwe ndi abakha okha. Bakha Atayki kupatula abakha abwino ali ndi mikhalidwe yakhanda atsekwe ndi ma swans. Monga atsekwe, a Pegans amachita zinthu mwachangu padziko lapansi ndi kumwamba, mwanzeru amakhala pamtunda, ndipo amayenda mlengalenga osathamangira, ndikuwomba mapiko olimba pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo ndi swans amaphatikizidwa ndi monogamy - ma drake ndi abakha amaphatikizidwa ndi moyo.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya abakha Altayek:
- Rajah Pegans
- nsapato wamba,
- zitha kuzimiririka.
Pa gawo la dziko lathuli kuli anthu wamba okha osankhika.
Zodziwika bwino
Maonekedwe a abakha amphaka amasiyana ndi achibale ake ambiri. Drake amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 1600, kulemera kwa abakha ndi magalamu 300 pang'ono. Kutalika kwa mbalame yayikulu ndi 60-67 masentimita. Imakhala ndi mulomo wotalika, wothambalala wautoto wowala bwino. Pamwambapa pali mtundu wa kukula.
Bakha amavala zowoneka mosiyanasiyana. Nthenga pamutu zimapakidwa zakuda ndi utoto wachitsulo. Pali nthenga zoyera ngati chipale chofewa kumbuyo ndi mbali zake. M'dera lomwe m'munsi mwa khosi limasinthira kumimba pali mphete yofiyira.
Zosiyanasiyana zazimayi zimasiyana ndi ma drows omwe amapezeka pang'onopang'ono. Alibe chophukika kumtunda kwa mlomo, pamakhala ma eyeliner ojambulidwa zoyera kuzungulira maso, komanso zotuwa zofiirira zakumunsi kwa thupi.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa atayka ndi zaka 15.
Zosiyanasiyana komanso mabanja apafupi
Mitundu itatu ya nsapato imasiyanitsidwa. Awa ndi phukusi lotchuka kwambiri la atika, Peganja-raja ndi pestans.
Tsoka ilo, zikhomo zozikika sizingapezekenso padziko lathuli, chifukwa zasowa kwathunthu. Peganka Raja ndi mtundu wachilendo. Imapezeka m'magawo awiri okha: ku New Guinea ndi Australia. Ku kontinenti ya Australia, kutumizidwa kwa madontho amenewa nkoletsedwa mwamalamulo.
Msuwani amaonedwa ngati wachibale wa amphaka. Uku ndi kufuulira kwamadzi kwa banja la bakha. Masamba ake ali ndi utoto wowala wa lalanje. Chochititsa chidwi ndi dera la mutu komanso pakati pamapiko, omwe amapaka utoto woyera. Red Duck Ogary ndiwosambira kwambiri. Koma akulukauluka, mbalameyi imakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha thupi lalikulu. Zambiri mu nkhani "Za bakha wamoto".
Malo okhala mbalame
Bakha wa Pego amapezeka ku Old World, ma Baltic mayiko, ku Scandinavia Peninsula, komanso ku Asia. Mbalame zimakhalanso chisa ku Russia: mdera la Azov, dera la Black Sea, dera la Volga, ndi Bashkortostan.
Bakha a Pego amadziwika ndi kukhazikika kwa malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi madzi amchere. Malo omwe mumakonda: Malo a kusefukira kwam'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyanja, mitsinje, mchere komanso nyanja zatsopano.
Mbalame ndizofunikira mokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe. Amakhala momasuka pamalo otseguka, mapiri, m'malo amiyala, momwe mumakhala ming'alu ndi ngalawa. Njira yabwino ndiyo kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe yapafupi ndi nkhokwe zowirira zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa.
Kusakaniza nyengo mu mbalame
Nthawi zokhwima pakati pa akazi ndi amuna sizigwirizana. Bakha wakonzeka kulenga ana kale mchaka chachiwiricho, chidwawacho chili ndi zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu zokha.
Abakha a Atayka ndi mbalame zoopsa. Kuyendetsa masewera a mating kumawonekera kwambiri komanso modabwitsa. Pofuna kukopa bwenzi lomwe lingagwire naye ntchito, samangogwiritsa mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, mayendedwe olimbitsa thupi, komanso mawu awo. Akutukula khosi lake, chibwenzi chimamveka ngati mzungu. Nthawi zambiri, kupikisana nawo kuti apeze bakha kapena kuteteza gawo lake, oyendetsa amayendetsa ndewu.
Chotuluka
Monga malo opangira anapiye amtsogolo, mitengo yobowoka kapena mawonekedwe pakati pa miyala amawonekera. Nthawi zambiri, zikhomazi zimabowoleza munthu wokhala m'nkhalango. Pachifukwa ichi, adalandira dzina laulere "mbalame ya dothi."
Phula limodzi lokhala ndi mazira 8 mpaka 12. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha mwezi. Nthawi zina bakha amagwira ndodo zingapo nthawi imodzi. Pachifukwachi, sakhalapo kwakanthawi, koma ndikubwera kowopsa nthawi yomweyo amawulukira komwe mazira ake amagona.
Anapiye osabadwa kumene amabadwa ali odziimira pawokha ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi moyo pafupi ndi malo osungira.
Nthawi yomweyo, anawo amakhala kwa makolo awo kwa masiku 45, omwe amawateteza kwa adani, amaphunzira kusambira ndikupeza chakudya.
Zakudya za nkhuku
Maziko a pegans menyu ndi chakudya chochokera kuchinyama. Makamaka:
- nsomba zazing'ono
- mphutsi zazomera
- ma crustaceans apakatikati.
Kudziwika ndi zakudya zamtundu wa pegans zimadalira nyengo ya mbalameyo ndi dera lomwe ilimo. Mwachitsanzo, anyani, omwe kwawo ndi kumpoto, amadya nkhono. Ponena za mbalame zakum'mwera, chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi crustaceans, komanso mphutsi za udzudzu. Njira yodziwika bwino kwa nkhumba zonse ndiz nsomba zamkati ndi mwachangu.
Nkhumba zimadya mbewu za mbewu zomwe zimamera m'madziwe. Koma zakudya zam'madzi zam'madzi sizipezeka kawirikawiri pazakudya za abakha. Mosiyana ndi mafoni ena am'madzi, atika sadziwa kusambira pansi pamadzi.
Kusuntha kozizira kwa mbalame
Kutengera ndi komwe akukhalako, anyaniwa amakhala moyo wongokhala, wosamukasamuka kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Akumwera safunikira kuchoka kudziko lakwawo, chifukwa madera ofunda pali chakudya chokwanira chaka chonse. Za ena onse, ndipo amapanga ambiri, chifukwa nthawi yachisanu amasamukira ku Africa, India, Burma, France, Portugal ndi mayiko ena otentha.
Zikhondo zosamukira zimawuluka katatu pachaka. Nthawi yoyamba izi zichitika ndikusungunuka. Mbalame zimapanga magulu am'makomo momwe zimakhalira zotetezedwa, chifukwa popanda nthenga zimakhala ndalama zosavuta kwa adani. Nthenga zikasinthidwa, anyaniwa amabwerera kumalo awo okhalamo. Ponena za kusamuka kwakanthawi, kumachitika mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala. Kubwerera kumagwera m'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira.
Peganka kunyumba
Chodabwitsa cha abakha amtunduwu ndikuti anthu osankhika nthawi zonse amalumikizana ndipo amafulumira kuzolowera manja a anthu.
Kuti mupatse mbalame malo abwino, tsatirani malamulo angapo.
Khazikitsani malo owoneka bwino ndikuwathandiza kuyendetsa ndege ndi dziwe laling'ono.
Thandizani madzi ndi mbalame kuti zizikhala zatsopano ndikuyeretsa nyumbayo kuti isawonongedwe panthawi.
Patsani zida zotsegula ndi zotchingira ndi mpweya wabwino komanso wotentha.
Kuwerengera molondola malo omwe mbalamezo zimakhalira. Kukula kwa 1 m² pa munthu aliyense munthawi yotentha ndi itatu m'nyengo yozizira.
Pegans amabala mu ukapolo. Ndikofunikira kusamutsa kukula kwa achinyamata kuchokera ku madala akuluakulu, kuti asafalitse abambo.
Zosangalatsa za Peganus
Kulongosola kokwanira kwathunthu kwa matendawa kunapangidwa ndi C. Lynn, wasayansi wachilengedwe wochokera ku Sweden, kumbuyo mu 1758.
Mzimu wamagulu sili wachilendo ndi mbalame ngati paketiyo ili pachiwopsezo, mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe ikuyandikira. Pamodzi, anthu angapo amatha kuthamangitsa amene akukuvutitsa, osalola kuti awukire.
Pakadali pano, mtundu womwe ananyamula pegans mbisoweka padziko lapansi akutsutsidwa. Pali malipoti oti mbalameyi idawonedwa m'dera la Primorye.
Peganka siili yopatsa chidwi kwa obereketsa alimi. Nyama yake sioyenera kudya, ili ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika komanso pambuyo pake.
Mafuta othandizira otenthetsera nthenga za pansi-bakha sakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi zizindikiro zofananira.
Ngati nkhaniyi inali yothandiza kwa inu, ngati, tumizani ndemanga ndikugawana ndi anzanu pamasamba ochezera.
Onani ndi mamuna
Peganka nthawi zonse imadziwika kuti ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yosakira, ndipo idawerengedwa pakati pa otchedwa "abakha ofiira". Tsopano kusaka ndikuloledwa, koma sikuchitika kulikonse. M'mayiko ena ku Europe, nthenga za nkhumba amazisonkhanitsa, zomwe zimatsalira zisa zitasiyidwa ana. Amakhulupirira kuti pamakhalidwe abwino samakhala otsika kwambiri kuposa amodzi.
Nkhumba zimazolowera mosavuta kupezeka kwa anthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa kukongoletsa maiwe amumidzi.
Kugawa ndi malo
Pegans amakhala m'madzi amchere amchere pang'ono komanso pang'ono: m'mipanda ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mkati, amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda pake, zochepa mwatsopano. Pa gawo la Eurasia, pali anthu awiri ogawanika omwe amakhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana. Zisamba zoyambirira panyanja zokhala ku Europe, ndipo chachiwiri pamadziwe amchere amchere kumadera louma la Central Asia. Ku Russia, ogawidwa kuzilumba za White Sea komanso kumwera kwa dzikolo m'malo opezekapo ndi nkhalango.
Mawonekedwe
Peganka ndi bakha wamkulu, wamafuta otchedwa piebald, pomwe adadzipatsa dzina la Chirasha. Kutalika kwake ndi 58-67 masentimita, mapiko ndi 110-133 masentimita, unyinji wa amuna ndi 0.8-1.5 makilogalamu, ndipo mwa akazi ndi makilogalamu 0.5-1.3. Mbiri yazomwezi ndi zoyera, mutu ndi wakuda ndi chitsulo chobiriwira chachitsulo, kuyambira pachifuwa mpaka kumapeto komanso pakati pamimba, pali bandi, nthenga zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri zimakhala zakuda. Pali kalilore wobiriwira kumapiko. Mlomo, miyendo pinki, utawaleza ndi wakuda. Mitundu ya kugonana imawonetsedwa pokhapokha kuti anyaniwa ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazikazi ndipo amakula kwambiri pamlomo, makamaka kutchulidwa panthawi yakukhwima. Mwa akazi, mulomo umakhala m'mphepete mwa chingwe choyera, ndipo kuzungulira maso pali mphete yoyera. Mbalame zazing'onoting'ono ndizofanana ndi zazikazi, koma ndizofooka ndipo sizikhala ndi kalilole pamapiko.
Makhalidwe & Khalidwe Lamagulu
Nkhumba zimatha kukhazikika, kusuntha, kapena kusuntha pang'ono, kutengera malo omwe amakhala. Anthu osamukasamuka nthawi yozizira kum'mwera kwa Eurasia, ku Mediterranean, kumwera kwa Caspian, kumpoto kwa Black Sea. Anthu aku Europe amangokhala.
Pegans amadziwika ndi maulendo ataliatali opitilira kubala kwa ult. Nyengo ikatha, zimasamukira kumalo osungira, komwe magulu masauzande amasonkhana. Munthawi imeneyi, yomwe imakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, Pegasus amalephera kwathunthu kuuluka. Pali malo ochepa odziwika komwe magulu ankhandwe amasonkhana. Chimodzi mwazodabwitsa ndi chilumba chopanda kanthu cha Knechtsende ku Weser ndi Elba deltas, kumene anthu 100,000 ochokera kumpoto konse ndi Europe amasonkhana. Malo ena otchuka ndi ku England pagombe, pomwe 3000-4000 ziphuphu zimazimiririka nthawi yomweyo. Kumapeto kwa molt, mbali ina ya mbalamezo imabwereranso kumalo osungira, ndipo gawo linalo kuchokera kumadera ozizira limapita kumadera achisanu.
Nkhumba zimakhala nthawi yayitali pagombe, ndipo pansi zimayenda mosavuta komanso mwachangu (mosiyana ndi abakha ambiri), zimathanso kuthamanga, kwinaku zikuyang'anira matupi awo.
Kuuluka kwawo sikulunjika, pang'onopang'ono kuposa abakha ena, okhala ndi mapiko osowa. Pouluka, gulu la nkhumba limakhala ndi mphero kapena kutsogolo.
Zimasambira bwino, koma sizimayenda, kupatula ana ake kapena mbalame zovulala, zimakhala pamwamba pamadzi.
Kusintha kwa nthawi yochita zinthu komanso kupumira masana nthawi zambiri kumadalira posungira momwe akukhalamo. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja zimapuma nthawi yamadzi pamtunda kapena pamadzi, ndipo pansi pake zimadyera nyama zosiyanasiyana zotsalira m'madzi osaya.
Vocalization
Peganka ndi mbalame "yolankhula", pomwe mawu amasiyana mosiyanasiyana mwa akazi ndi amuna. Pakatikati, kuyimbira kumayimba mluzu wapamwamba, nthawi zambiri pouluka. Kulira kwina kofanana ndi kwamuna ndi ogontha, awiri, obwerezedwa kangapo. Yaikazi imakhala yotsika mtengo, yosindikiza mobwerezabwereza, kuphatikizira mlengalenga. Potere, mkazi amatha kutchulira masilabo 12 () sekondi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale thirakiti. Mzimayi wodandaula amamuwomba mofuula komanso mobwerezabwereza.
Moyo ku Moscow Zoo
Ku zoo yathu tsopano kuli gulu la anyani 30, ambiri aiwo akuuluka. Mbalamezi sizidulidwa ngati mapiko, ngati kale, ndipo zimatha kuuluka momasuka. Amayendayenda m'maiwe onse a zoo, koma samayesa kuti achoke ndikukhazikika mumzinda, monga abale awo apamtima - ogaras. Chiwerengero cha anthu ogonana mgululi ndi pafupifupi 1: 1. Pegans nthawi zambiri amakhala m'makomo oikidwa pama dziwe, ndikuyesera kukhala nyumba zapafupi. Akatswiri a Ornithologists amatengera mazira obwera ndi chofungatira, chifukwa mu malo a zoo makolo sangateteze ana awo bwinobwino. Mu 2015, achinyamata 15 osankhika adaleredwa. Tsopano tinyama tating'onoting'ono tonse tatsala kuti tisamalire ku malo osungira nyama, pamene tikuyeserera kuti tipeze gulu lonse louluka. Pegan amatha nthawi yozizira pama dziwe omwewo, popanda kupanga kutuluka kwakanthawi.Amadyera limodzi ndi abakha onse padziwe, ndipo m'zakudya zawo amaphatikiza zakudya zosakanikirana, mbewu zosiyanasiyana, masamba, nsomba, pafupifupi magalamu 800 okha mbalame iliyonse.
Makhalidwe ndi mafotokozedwe amtunduwo
Amabakha awa amasiyana ndi mitundu ina mumtundu wowala mosawoneka bwino: kamvekedwe kakepi lathupi - mawonekedwe oyera oyera ndi amtundu wakuda wamtambo, opakidwa zobiriwira. Mtundu womwewo pakhosi, malekezero a mapiko, gawo lapakati pamimba ndi kumbuyo. Pa chifuwa, masamba a mapewa ndi gawo lakumbuyo kwake ndi bandeji "lachifuwa" wokhala ndi tint yofiirira. Chophimbira ndi ginger, miyendo yake ndi yapinki, ndipo mulomo ndi wofiyira.
Ma Drake amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi "magalasi" owoneka bwino obiriwira pamapiko amphamvu, komanso ndi bedi lofiyira lomwe lili pamlomo. Abakha amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera kuzungulira maso. Zambiri mwa zazimuna zimakhala zowala, ndipo mwa akazi - otupa.
Zindikirani! Amabakha onenepa kawiri pachaka, ndipo masinthidwe atatha kusintha kwa chilimwe, mbalamezi nthawi yomweyo zimasinthana nthenga nthawi ya chakudya isanachitike.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo wokhala ndi mano osafunikira komanso kusakhalapo kwa magalasi obiriwira pamapiko ake.
Thupi lokhazikika likuvekedwa korona wautali wokhala ndi mutu wokhala ndi pakati. Miyendo ndi yayitali, yolimba, yokhala ndi mapazi opindika. Mapaipi - kukula kwapakatikati. Mapikowo ndiwotalikirapo komanso mwamphamvu, m'malo abata amakankhidwira thupi, maupangiri awo amafikira kumayambira, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala kutalika mpaka mamita 1. Kutalika kwa thupi: m'makwinya - pafupifupi 66 cm, mwa akazi - mpaka 59 cm Kuchuluka kwa abakha kulibe kwambiri: ma drake amalemera makilogalamu 0.9-1,5, ndipo abakha ang'onoang'ono amalemera mpaka 1.3 kg.
Abakha awa amasiyanitsidwa ndi "kuyankhula" kwawo, zazikazi zimapanga phokoso lokhala ndi siltable ya "ha", ndipo ngati pachitika ngozi, chizimba cha "gaak-ghak" chimamveka bwino.
Zosangalatsa! Anzathu amayesa kumanga zisa zawo pafupi ndi malo osungira. Koma zimatha kukhala chisa patali kwambiri ndi madzi - mpaka 3 km, pogwiritsa ntchito timakumba timakumba timiyala, akalulu kapena nkhandwe ngati malo achitetezo.
Abakha ndi nkhuku zabwino, ali ndi thupi lodziwika bwino, akamagona amatha kukhala ndi mazira 7 mpaka 15, koma kuchuluka kwake kumadalira mawonekedwe amunthu wamkazi. Zachitika kuti okwatirana alibe nthawi yoti amange chisa asanayambe kumanga, ndipo pamenepa, Peganka, ngati cockoo, amayikira mazira mu zisa kwa mabanja ena "achibale".
Nyama ya mbalamezi sikhala yofewa, yokhala ndi "bakha" wina. M'nyengo yotentha, abakha sayenera kuphedwa - nthawi imeneyi nyama imakhala yolimba, koma nthawi yozizira mbalame "zimapeza", ndipamene zimaphedwa. Koma mitembo ya oweta nkhuku amalimbikitsa kuti azisunga nthawi yayitali kwa masiku angapo kuti "amalimbikira" ndi kusiya kununkhira kwawo kosasangalatsa.
Zofunika! Amuna amtunduwu ndi okonzeka kukhwima atakwanitsa zaka 4, ndipo akazi - azaka 2.
Makhalidwe a mbalame
Peganka ndi bakha wamkulu. Iye ndiocheperako kuposa Mallard. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 67, kulemera kwa kiyiyo ndi 1.6 kg. Mapikiselo amakhala ndi mapiko akuluakulu otambalala, masentimita 133. Anthu ali ndi chifuwa champhamvu komanso minofu yolimba yowuluka. Amakhala ndi khosi lalitali komanso mutu wochepa. Kutali, mbalame zimawoneka ngati atsekwe. Amawapatsa mtundu wowala wa maula. Mafuta mkati mwa nthawi yakukhwima imawoneka yokongola:
- Mtundu waukulu wa thupilo ndi njiwa. Chifukwa chake dzina la mbalame,
- nthenga zakuda pamutu, ndizopaka utoto wobiriwira,
- pachifuwa ndi khosi chingwe chowala cha bulauni,
- mawanga amtundu wakuda kumbuyo ndi pamimba,
- kalirole amapangidwa ndi nthenga zobiriwira zobiriwira,
- Nthenga zazala mchira woyera wokhala ndi cheyera chakuda,
- gawo lodziwika bwino la zovalazo ndi mulomo wokulirapo, wolimba, wokhala ndi makulidwe pansi. Mlomo wake ndi wofiyira. Mwa akazi, mulomo ndi, wopanda msambo, umakhala ndi utoto wofiirira,
- Maso amtendere ndi amdima. Mwa akazi, maso amakongoletsedwa ndi mabwalo oyera,
- kalirole pamapiko achikazi samatuluka. Nthenga ndi zoyera,
- abakha amawoneka oyera, okhala ndi mawanga akuda thupi, pamutu ndi mapiko. Pambuyo pa molt woyamba, amakhala ngati akazi. Drakes amakhala ndi mtundu wowala pafupi ndi zaka 5, pambuyo pa 910 molt. Pakadali pano, amuna amayamba kutha msinkhu. Akazi amakula msanga. Ali ndi zaka 2, amakhala okonzeka kumanga,
- Pegans samayenda mwamphamvu. Popeza amakhala m'madzi osaya, amaliza makosi awo kuti azule chomera kapena kugwira mwachangu. Mbalame zowuma ndi nyama zazing'ono zimatha kudumphira pansi,
- abakha amakhala m'madzi, amawongola makosi awo.
Mawu a pegans ndi osangalatsa. M'nyengo yakukhwima, mimbayo imayimba. Nthawi yonse yofuula, amapanga mawu oseketsa, ofunika, ofanana ndi kulira kwa atsekwe. Liwu la mkazi limasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yake. Amatha kufuula kwanthawi yayitali, osasokoneza panthawi ya kuthawa, komanso pamadzi, ndikuyitanitsa ana.
Zikhandazo zimadya chakudya chanyama. Amadyedwa ndi ma Shellfish, crustaceans, mwachangu, ndi mphutsi za tizilombo. Panthawi yosungunuka komanso nthawi ya mating isanakhazikike, abakha amathandizira zakudya zamavitamini, idyani algae. Samapanga maulendo opita kuminda yokhala ndi mbewu monga chimanga.
Pokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, abakha amapita kumtunda pambuyo pa mkuntho kuti apeze anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Amatembenuza milu ikuluikulu ya mitengo yanyani ndi milomo yawo ndikusesa dothi lonyowa lonyowa ndi milomo yawo. Mano opopera madzi, omwe amapezeka kuzungulira mlomo, mbalame zimapangidwa bwino.
Peganka ndi mbalame yosodza. Kuusaka ndikuloledwa m'mayiko onse. Adani a bakha ndi nkhandwe, amphaka amtchire, zonyansa ndi zoyipa. Mbalame zambiri zimafa ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya nthawi yakusamuka. Abakha amawuluka kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono, osatalika kwambiri. Akatswiri a Ornithologists amati 30% abakha amakhala ndi ukalamba. Kutalika kwa zaka za pegi kumatha kupitilira zaka 24.
Kodi abakha amapanga bwanji?
Nkhumba ndizosawerengeka, koma zimapangika pawiri osati nthawi yakukhwima, koma posamuka. Amphongo amasankha zazimuna atatsala pang'ono kutha kupita kumalo odyera. Mbalame zomwe sizimakwanitsa kupeza zokwatirana m'nyengo yozizira zimapanga mabanja atafika kumalo osungirako mu Marichi.
Nkhondo zimachitika kuti azimayi azimenya, nthawi zina zimatha ndi mabala akuya. Amuna nawonso amamenyera gawo lawo, komwe amamanga zisa kapena kupeza chakudya chawo. Ngakhale abakha ndi amodzi, ndipo amapanga mabanja amoyo wonse, munthawi yakukhwima, Drake amawonetsa kuvina kwake kwachikondwerero chaka chilichonse kwa mnzake, kukopa chidwi chake.
Kuswana nthawi zambiri kumachitika pagombe. Nthawi zina abakha amapita kutali ndi nyanjayo kuti akapeze malo oyenera zisa. Akazi amafunafuna nkhalango zowirira tchire, mitengo yobowoka. Nthawi zambiri, mbedza zotsalira za mavu, mbendera, nkhandwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zisa. Zachikazi zimayesetsa kupanga chisa kutali ndi munthu. Itha kupezeka kutali ndi 4m kuchokera pakhomo la dzenje. Bakha amapanga phwando lomwe limaphimba ndi nthenga, pansi ndi masamba.
Mawonekedwe Abwino
Pansi pazachilengedwe, mbalamezi zimawuluka bwino kwambiri, zimathamanga kwambiri, ngati pali dziwe pafupi, zambiri zimatha kunyamulidwa pamadzi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'makola awo, omwe amatchedwa "abakha matope".
Abakha a pegans amatha kukhala moyo wakhazikika, kukhala mbalame zosamukasamuka kapena pang'ono pang'ono - zonse zimatengera momwe akukhalira madera okhala. Moyo wokhala mokhazikika umayendetsedwa ndi mbalamezi, "okhala" ku England, Ocean Ocean ndi Iran. Ma Pegans ena onse amayenera kupita kumayiko otentha nyengo yachisanu:
- kumpoto kwa Africa
- kupita ku Iran
- kupita Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia,
- kupita ku Portugal
- Kupita ku France.
Abakha osamukira kwawo amasintha malo omwe amakhala katatu katatu pachaka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, amawuluka kupita kumalo komwe angasinthe manambala awo. Njirayi ndi yayitali - mpaka masiku 30, panthawiyi mbalame zimataya nthenga zawo, chifukwa chake sizingathe kuuluka, zimangoyenda pamtunda kapena kusambira. Nthawi zambiri, kwakanthawi kosungunuka, amagwetsedwa m'matumba - kotero ndizosavuta kuti athe kupirira adani ambiri achilengedwe.
Mbidzi zitasungunuka, mbalame zina zimabwereranso ku zisa zawo, koma zambiri zimawulukira kumadera otentha. Ndege zoterezi zimapanga ndege m'zaka khumi zapitazi za September - pakati pa Okutobala. Kubwerera kuswana Pegans kuuluka m'ma March - kumapeto kwa Epulo.
Nthawi zambiri, awiriawiri a anthu awa amawonjezeredwa nthawi yachisanu, koma nthawi yakukhwima, yomwe imagwera masiku oyambira atafika ku zisa, siyitha. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kusamalira ma drake 10. Amazungulira mozungulirazungulira mnzake wamkazi, akuwonetsa malaya awo "akwati", ndikupereka mluzu wapadera. Chophimba pakati pa amuna chimatha kukhala chokwanira, pomwe abambo amadziwonetsera wina ndi mzake muulemerero wawo wonse, koma sizimakhala ndewu.
Atapanga zisa, mkaziyo amaikira mazira amtundu wowala wa kirimu. Kubwatcha kumatenga milungu 4-4,5.
Zosangalatsa! Wamphongo ndiye pafupi ndi chisa, kuteteza bwenzi lake. Ngati wamkazi apita kukadya, yamphongo imakhala pamazira.
Anapiyewo akangobadwa, mabanja amagwirizana, kuteteza ana awo kwa mbalame zodyedwa ndi nyama.
Kunyumba, kusunga abakha awa ndikosavuta, popeza akapendekedwa mwachangu, amatha kukhala mwamtendere mnyumbayo ndi enawo. Kuti ikonzedwe bwino, malo oyenera otetezedwa ndi udzu wokhala ndi nthangala zitha kukonzedwa. Zotsatirazi ziyenera kukhalapo pakudya kwa abakha awa:
- chimanga
- chakudya chapadera,
- buledi,
- zinyalala zosankhidwa bwino za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba,
- odandaula,
- greenery.
Nthawi zonse pakhale madzi oyera omwe akumwa. Kwa nyengo yozizira, Pegans iyenera kusamutsidwa kupita kunyumba yofunda, kumene kuli kofunikira kukhazikitsa zida zotenthetsera. Nthawi yakubzala, gulu la bakha ndi bwino kudzipatula kwa anthu ena a mnyumbamo, chifukwa munthawi imeneyi ma drake amakhala ankhanza kwambiri.
Bakha a Peganka ndi abakha
Zabwino ndi zovuta za mtundu
Phindu la abakha azikhotho ndi monga:
- mawonekedwe okongola
- monogamy,
- kuphweka kwa nkhani
- wosasunthika mosavuta, wopanda manyazi.
Zoyipa zake ndi monga:
- kupanga mazira otsika
- nyama yosawoneka bwino
- kulemera kwamoto ochepa.
Ngati mbalamezi zawetedwa pamalo okwera, ndiye kuti ndizokongoletsa. Koma abakha awa amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtendere, maonekedwe okongola, kotero iwo amakhala okonda banja lonse. Ndipo ngati pali dziwe pafupi ndi malowa, amatha kusambira mmalo mwake kwa maola ambiri, kulandira chakudya chawochawo.