Mitundu iwiri yofanana kwambiri, mwachidziwikire ya mulingo wamitundu, yapafupi kwambiri ndi khwangwala imvi ndikupanga palimodzi ndi mtundu umodzi wa supraspecific. Mbalame zamitundu iwiriyi ndizosiyana kukula kwake: akhwangwala akhungu aku Europe ndi ocheperako (mapiko kutalika 305-339, pafupifupi 325 mm), akummawa ndi akulu (mapiko kutalika 329-70, pafupifupi 352 mm). Kutalika kwa thupi 44-51 masentimita, kulemera 500-750 g.

Kuyambira khwangwala wa imvi, akuda kwathunthu. Amasiyana ndi timitengo tating'onoting'ono, phokoso lowonda, mlomo wakuda kwambiri, kuchokera ku khwangwala wokhala ndi zing'onozing'ono, mchira wozungulira, wopanda mulomo komanso mutu. Mchira wake ndi wozungulira. Amuna ndi akazi ndi osiyana. Zowonjezerazo ndi zakuda ndi utoto wamtambo wamtambo kapena wamtambo wobiriwira, makamaka kumbuyo ndi mapiko, zitsulo za nthenga zazing'ono zopepuka ndizowala. Mlomo ndi miyendo zakuda. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana ndi akulu, zimasiyana mumtambo wakuda popanda kunyezimira.

Liwu lofuulakaroti". Nthawi yakukhwima ikhoza kupanga mawu a burr.

Khwangwala wakuda waku Europe amakhala ku Western Europe (England, France, Spain, gawo la Germany ndi kumpoto kwa Italy). Khwangwala wakuda waku Kummawa ndiofala ku Asia kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Aral, Ob ndi Yenisei kupita ku Pacific Ocean. Pakati pa gawo, pali mitundu yokhazikika ndiosasinthika, kumpoto - pang'ono osamuka. Ku Russia ku Europe, amapezeka ngati mitundu yowuluka zokha pa Kola Peninsula (C. (corone) corone), ku Urals ndi ku Urals (C. (corone) orientalis) Kunja kwa dera lathu, amaphatikiza ndi khwangwala wakuda.

Khalani nokha, awiriawiri ndi m'matumba. Pokhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhalango, zigwa za mitsinje, malo azikhalidwe. Akhwangwala akhungu Akummawa sakonda kukhala m'nyumba zanyumba kuposa akhwangwala. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka ziwiri zokha. Nkhondo zimamangidwa makamaka pamitengo italiitali, nthawi zina pamakwawa ndi miyala. Mu clutch 4-6 mtundu wa buluu wokhala ndi mazira a bulauni. Yaikazi imagwiruka kwa masiku 17- 20, yamphongo idamudyetsa ndikuteteza gawo. Ming'aluyi imachoka mchisa uli ndi zaka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, mbalamezo zimasungidwa ndi mabanja, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira zimayamba kuyanjana m'masukulu.

Zakudya ndizosiyanasiyana (nyama ndi ndiwo zamasamba), zimasiyanasiyana nyengo. Zouma zisa zamadzi am'madzi.

Khwangwala wakuda (waku Europe) wakuda (Corvus corone)

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Khwangwala Wakuda

Dera la Latin binomial Corvus Corone limachokera ku Latin Corvus ndi Greek Corone. Mtundu wa Corvus ukhoza kutanthauziridwa kuti "khwangwala," ndipo "Corone" amatanthauza khwangwala, motero "Raven Raven" ndi tanthauzo lenileni la Corvus Corone.

Pali mitundu 40 ya akhwangwala, motero amabwera mosiyanasiyana. Khwangwala waku America ali ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 45. Khwangwala wa nsomba amatalika pafupifupi 48. Khwangwala wamba amakhala wamkulu kwambiri ndipo ndi wamtali pafupifupi 69. Khwangwala amatha kulemera kuyambira 337 mpaka 1625 magalamu. Ma robo ndi ocheperako kuposa akhwangwala ndipo ali ndi michira yosiyanasiyana yopanga miyala komanso milomo yopepuka. Amakhala otalika masentimita 47.

Kanema: Khwangwala Wakuda

Khwangwala wakuda waku America amasiyana ndi akhwangwala wamba m'njira zingapo:

• akhwangwala amenewa ndi akulu
• mawu awo ndi opanda pake
• ali ndi milomo yayikulu kwambiri.

Chochititsa chidwi: Akhwangwala akuda amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi phokoso lawo lodziwika bwino. Amakhulupirira kuti mothandizidwa ndi nyimbo zambiri, akhwangwala amafotokoza momwe akumvera poyankha ku njala kapena kuwopseza, mwachitsanzo.

Kuthamanga kwawo koyenda komanso luso lawo kuyenda, komanso kuphatikizira pamodzi chakudya, zimapatsa mwayi akhwangwala kuposa mbalame zina za pafamu. Khwangwala wakuda ali ndi mbiri yayitali ya kuzunzidwa ngati wachifwamba komanso chisa. Komabe, kuchokera pamalo owonera zachilengedwe palibe chifukwa chabwino cha izi.

Komanso, kuzunzidwa sikunachititse kuti anthu azifa. Makamaka, zosabereka zomwe zimaswana zimatha kuwononga mbewu. Khwangwala, kumbali inayo, ndi mbalame zothandiza, chifukwa zimadya mbewa zambiri ndi nkhono, makamaka nthawi yakubzala.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Kodi khwangwala wakuda amawoneka bwanji

Akhwangwala akhungu ndi mbalame zazikulu, zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'gulu la akhwangwala (48 - 52 cm m'litali). Ndi akhwangwala osokosera: thupi lakuda lofanana, mulomo wokulirapo, koma wocheperako kuposa khwangwala. Khwangwala wamkulu wakuda alibe chizindikiro chodziwikiratu. Ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono kuposa khwangwala wamba, wokhala ndi mchira wotalikirapo, wolimba kwambiri, mlomo wolemera, khosi lotupa, komanso mawu okuya.

Ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba ndikosavuta kuwona khwangwala wakuda wokhala ndi yunifoliti yakuda, izi sizowona. Yang'anani mwachidwi ndipo mudzawona ubweya wonyezimira wobiriwira ndi wamtali, wokongola kwambiri. Mchiuno ndi nthenga kuzungulira pansi pa milomoyo zimapakidwa bwino pa mbalamezi. Matambo a akhwangwala wakuda ndi anisodactyl, ndipo zala zake zitatu zimayang'ana kutsogolo ndi chala chimodzi chikuyang'ana kumbuyo. Mapiko a khwangwala wachikulire amachokera pa 84 mpaka 100 cm.

Chochititsa chidwiUbongo wakuda wakuda ndi wofanana ndi ubongo wa anyani, ndipo ofufuza ena akupitilizabe kunena kuti makungubwi "amaganiza" zokhudzana ndi malo okhala komanso zikhalidwe zawo ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zida kuti azisonkhanitsira chakudya.

Mwina ndi nzeru zomwe zimapangitsa akhwangwala akuda kukhala achinsinsi, koma nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe osadziwika - onse kuchokera ku zenizeni komanso kuchokera pa chikhalidwe. Ingoganizirani kuti khwangwalayu ndi wozindikira, ali ndi maso ooneka bwino, akumenyetsa mapiko ake pang'onopang'ono komanso ukuuluka, kuthamangitsa kumwamba, ndi "zala" kumapeto kwa mapiko ake. Amawoneka zachilendo, ngati zala za anthu mu silhouette.

Akhungubwi akhungu nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi timinsalu tating'ono, tomwe milomo yake imakhala yayitali, imakhala yolimba kwambiri komanso yopanda bristles kapena tsitsi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mosiyana ndi ma ntchentche, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ochezeka komanso ochezeka, akhwangwala amalovu amakhala osungulumwa mwachilengedwe, ngakhale izi zimatha kusintha pang'ono nthawi yozizira.

Ara parrot

Kufotokozera

Izi ndizomwe mbalame imawoneka: Khwangwala

Khwangwala - mbalame yaying'ono yochokera ku mtundu wa Voronov. Mbonizi zili ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino ndipo zimakhazikika mwachangu. Khwangwala ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zochepa zomwe zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi anthu.

Kodi khwangwala wakuda amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Mbalame Yaikulu Yaimuna

Makungubwi akuda amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakalepo, ankakhala m'madambo, m'malo olimidwa pang'ono okhala ndi chivundikiro cha mitengo, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Posachedwa, asintha kwambiri malo amtawuni komanso matauni.

Akhwangwala akuda amagwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo nyumba ndi nyumba zopangira nesting, komanso chakudya chamafesi ndi m'malo owotcha zinyalala. Zowopsa zazikulu zokha zomwe akhwangwala akuda amakhala nazo ndikuwonongeka kwa zakudya. Sangolekeredwa ndi kutalika komwe kumakhalapo kuyambira kunyanja kukafika kumapiri. Khwangwala zakuda zimakonda kukhala pa mitengo kapena pamiyala. Khwangwala wakuda ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Malo omwe akhwangwala akuda amakhala ku United Kingdom (kupatula kumpoto kwa Scotland), France, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Northern Italy ndi Switzerland. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zambiri ku Europe zimafika ku Corsica ndi Sardinia.

Akhwangwala akhungu amakondanso malo otseguka - gombe lamchere, tundra wopanda kanthu, miyala yamiyala, nkhalango zamapiri, magombe otseguka a mitsinje, zipululu, zipululu komanso nkhalango zachilendo. Rook amapezeka ku Europe ndi West Asia konse. Amakondanso malo otseguka, mapiri amtsinje ndi mapiri. Khwangwala wakuda kulibe kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Scotland, ku Northern Ireland ndi ku Isle of Man.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe khwangwala wakuda amakhala. Tiwone zomwe mbalameyi idya.

Mawonekedwe

Chithunzi cha khwangwala imvi

Kupanga khwangwala kumatsamira. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali yopyapyala, mulomo wooneka ngati chulu, ndi mapiko aatali ofunda. Zowonjezerazo ndi zakuda ndi mtundu wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wonyezimira, koma pali mitundu yomwe mitundu yoyera ndi imvi imakhalapo. Pansi pa nthenga ndi zoyera kapena imvi. Mchira wama subspecies ambiri amakhala owumbika, wopezedwa ndikuzungulira. Kuthamanga kwa mbalame nthawi yothawa kumathandizidwa ndi mchira wautali ndi nthenga zachira. Akazi amphongo ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi amuna (oyamba kulemera magalamu 400-450, kulemera kwachiwiri amafikira kilogalamu).

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa khwangwala ndi rook

Anthu akutali ndi ornithology amasokoneza khwangwala ndi khwangwala ndi khwangwala. Zowona, mbalame zakunja ndizofanana ndi inzake, koma zenizeni ndi mbalame zosiyananso.

Kusiyana pakati pa khwangwala ndi khwangwala:

• khwangwala ndi wokulirapo kuposa poyambira (kuchuluka kwa khwangwala ndi 1300 magalamu, kulemera kwa dokotala sikupitirira 650 gramu),
• Khwangwala amakhala ndi gawo m'munsi mwa mulomo wa masewera enaake, rook alibe
• Ndi m'badwo, mulomo wa wolambira umakhala wopepuka, khwangwala amakhalabe wakuda pamoyo wawo wonse,
• timayamwa zisa zazikulu komanso zozama
• akhwangwala amakhala anzeru kuposa mbewa,
• Khwangwala amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali.

Kodi khwangwala wakuda amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Khwangwala Wakuda ku Russia

Khungubwi zakuda ndizomwera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimadya pafupifupi chilichonse. Khwangwala amadya nyama zazing'ono monga anyani, amphibians, repitles, mazira ndi carrion. Amadyetsanso tizilombo, mbewu, mbewu, mtedza, zipatso, ma arthropod omwe si tizilombo, ma mollusks, mphutsi, ngakhale mbalame zina. Zimadziwikanso kuti akhwangwala amadya zinyalala ndikusungira chakudya m'malo obisala, mwachidule, pamitengo kapena pansi.

Chochititsa chidwi: Akhwangwala akuda amatha kuyimilira pa anthill ndikulola nyerere kuti zikwere. Kenako mbalameyo imakola nyererezi nthenga zake. Khalidweli limatchedwa kuthandiza ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kumatenda. Nyerere zimathanso kupangitsa mbalame kuledzera ndi acidic acid amamasulidwa ku matupi awo.

Khungubwe zakuda zimadya makamaka pamtunda, pomwe zimayenda mwanjira. Amatha kuukira komanso kupha nyama zazing'ono, zopanda mphamvu. Chizolowezi chimawapangitsa kukhala osakondedwa pakati pa alimi, monganso chizolowezi cha mbalame kuwononga mbewu.

Khungubwe limatha kuthawa ndi nyama komanso kudya masamba, kubisa nyama monga nyalugwe imadzadyedwera pambuyo pake. Nthawi zina amaika maliro pansi kapena kuwasunga m'makola, nthawi zina amaba chakudya cha nyama zina, amagwira ntchito ndi akhwangwala ena kuti awononge chakudya cha otters, mavu ndi mankhola amadzi.

Makwangwala amasiyana bwanji ndi akhwangwala

Pa chithunzi Raven ndi Raven

Ndi lingaliro lolakwika kuti khwangwala ndi khwangwala ndi zazimuna ndi zamtundu wamtundu womwewo wa mbalame. Khwangwala wamkazi ndi khwangwala, osati khwangwala, chifukwa chake, akhwangwala ndi a gulu lina la mbalame. Ndipo ngakhale mbalame zonsezo ndi za mtundu womwewo ndi banja, ndipo zikufanana, zimasiyana.

1. Khwangwala ndiocheperako kuposa khwangwala. Kulemera kwambiri kwa khwangwala ndi magalamu 1200, unyinji wa khwangwala umatha kufika kilogalamu ziwiri,
2. Mchira wa akhwangwala ndi wautali, wowonda, wopingika. Khwangwala amafupikitsidwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala atamalizidwa kumapeto.
3. Pakhosi la khwangwala, nthenga zazifupi zomwe zimangomamatira mbali zimamera. Khwangwala amakhala nthenga zonse zosalala.
4. Khwangwala amakonda kukhala ndi moyo wosangalatsa. Khwangwala nthawi zonse amasungidwa.
5. Khwangwala amasankha malo omwe amakhala kumidzi, midzi yomwe ili pafupi ndi anthu. Khwangwala amakula munthu, chifukwa amakhala m'malo okonda zipululu, miyala yamiyala.
6. Pouluka, khwangwala amapanga mapiko ouluka pafupipafupi. Kuchoka pamalo. Kuuluka kwa khwangwala kukufanana ndi kuuluka kwa mbalame yodya nyama. Wingspan osowa, osalala. Asananyamuke, mbalameyi imadumpha zingapo - ngati kuti ibalalika.
7. Mawu a khwangwala ali ngati phokoso lomveka. Raven ndikubowola.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Khwangwala wakuda mwachilengedwe

Khwangwala zakuda ndi mbalame zanzeru kwambiri. Amadziwika chifukwa cha luso lawo lothetsera mavuto komanso luso lolankhula modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, khwangwala akakumana ndi munthu woipa, amaphunzitsa khwangwala wina momwe angazindikirire. M'malo mwake, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti akhwangwala akuda saiwala nkhope zawo.

Chochititsa chidwi: Akhwangwala akhungu akhungu amathanso kukhala otsanzira bwino. Anaphunzitsidwa kuwerengera mokweza mpaka asanu ndi awiri, ndipo akhwangwala ena adaphunzira mawu opitilira 100 ndi ziganizo zokwanira 50, pomwe ena amadziwika kuti amatsata mawu omwe eni ake amatcha agalu ndi kuwasewera akavalo. Amasonyezanso chidwi chachikulu, kukulitsa mbiri ya ochita kubzala mwachangu komanso kuwerengetsa akuba. Amawuluka ndimakalata a anthu, amakoka zovala m'malire ndikuthawa ndi zinthu zosasamalidwa, monga makiyi amgalimoto.

Mitundu yambiri ya akhwangwala imangokhala payokha, koma nthawi zambiri imadyetsa m'magulu. Ena amakhalabe m'magulu akulu. Khwangwala mmodzi akamwalira, gulu limazungulira womwalirayo. Maliro awa samangolira akufa. Akhwangwala akuda amabwera limodzi kuti adziwe omwe anapha mbolo yawo.

Pambuyo pa izi, gulu lankhondo lidzalumikizana ndikutsatira olusa. Makwangwala ena amakhala chaka ndi chaka, m'malo mokalamba, amakhala pagulu lomwe anthu amakhala. Akhwangwala ena amasamukira pomwe ena sasamuka. Ngati ndi kotheka, amapita kumadera otentha a gawo lawo.

Akhwangwala akuda amadziwika kuti amapeza okha chisa, ngakhale amakhala ndi malo akuluakulu okhala zisa zawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, akhwangwala amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti atetezeke kwa olusa komanso obisalamo.

Amawonetsa machitidwe apadera, kudalira chinthu china chodziwika bwino, monga chimney kapena tinyanga ya televizioni, ndipo ndikumveka mokweza mndandanda wambiri, wopangidwira nthawi zosokosera.

Chochititsa chidwi: Akhwangwala akuda oyeretsa nyama zakufa ndi zinyalala. M'malo mwake, akhwangwala nthawi zambiri amamuganizira kuti atembenuza ndowa, koma enieniwo nthawi zambiri amakhala achifwamba kapena agalu.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Pa chithunzichi, khwangwala amadya mkate

Khwangwala amadya tizilombo, mphutsi, nsomba, achule, mazira ndi anapiye a mbalame zina. Pofufuza chakudya, akhwangwala amakhala ogwirizana m'magulu a anthu 8-10. Pamodzi, zimasaka mbalame zazing'ono ndi makoswe. Khwangwala amapita ndi nyama zokhala ndi mbewa komanso kudya nyama zotsalira. Akhwangwala am'mizinda amakhala kumapfumbi, amadya zinyalala. Ndi chakudya chatsopano chokha chomwe chimasankhidwa, ngati mankhwalawo afooka, osawakhudza. Mbidzi zam'mudzimo zimadzimirirana mumunyolo, kufunafuna mphutsi zamtchire.

Pa chithunzichi, akhwangwala amadya abakha akufa.

Mu chakudya cha mbalame pali chakudya cham'mera. Khwangwala mosangalala amadya njere, mbewu, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Khwangwala Wakuda

Akakhwangwala akuda nthawi zambiri amakhala magulu awiriawiri omwe amakhalapobe moyo wonse. Amaswana kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Epulo. Nthawi zambiri, mabanja awa amateteza gawo lomwe amakhala kwawo chaka chonse. Anthu ena amatha kusamukira kudera lokwanirana.

Chisa chilichonse chimakhala ndi gulu limodzi. Pafupifupi 3% ya anthu omwe amachita nawo mating'i. Makamaka, zidawonetsedwa kuti mwa anthu akumpoto kwa Spain, mating'i ogwirizana amapezeka zisa zambiri.

Mwambiri, mbalame zothandizira zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi awiri akukhwima. Nthawi zina, magulu oswana amenewa amafika mpaka pakufika mbalame khumi ndi zisanu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi anapiye ochokera awiriawiri. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa izi, ofufuza angoyamba kumene kuphunzira zaumisiri wamagulu amitundu.

Nthawi yakuswana kwa akhwangwala akuda iyamba kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Marichi, nsonga ya oviposition - m'ma Epulo. Akakhwima akakwatirana, nthawi zambiri amakhalabe limodzi moyo wawo wonse, pokhapokha atamwalira.Komabe, nthawi zina, akazi okha ndi omwe amapezeka awiriawiri, ndipo amuna nthawi zina amabera.

Mbalame zimayikira mazira a maolivi asanu kapena asanu ndi amodzi obiriwira okhala ndi madontho amdima. Akhwangwala achichepere amatha kukhala zaka 6 ndi makolo awo asanayambe kukhala paokha.

Pamene nyengo yachisanu imayandikira, akhwangwala akuda amasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu ogona mosakhalitsa. Nkhosazi zitha kuphatikiza mbalame zikwizikwi, ndipo nthawi zina mazana masauzande. Zomwe zingatheke pachisangalalo ichi ndi kutentha, kutetezedwa kwa zilombo monga kadzidzi, kapena kusinthana kwa chidziwitso. Khwangwala wakuda amatha kukhala zaka 13 kuthengo komanso wopitilira zaka 20 mu ukapolo.

Adani achilengedwe a akhwangwala akuda

Chithunzi: Kodi khwangwala wakuda amawoneka bwanji

Zoyambirira zazikulu kapena adani achilengedwe a akhwangwala akuda ndi kambuku ndi kadzidzi. Ziwopsezo zimawagunda, kuwapha ndikudya masana, ndipo kadzidzi akuwatsata usiku atakhala m'malo awo. Koma akhwangwala amathandiziranso nkhumba ndi kadzidzi, ngakhale sizimadya.

Makoko amaoneka ngati amadana ndi adani awo achilengedwe, ndipo akapeza mmodzi waiwo, amawazunza m'magulu akulu, amisala pamakhalidwe omwe amadziwika kuti akuukira. Khungubwi kapena kadzidzi komwe kali ndi akhwangwala nthawi zonse amayesetsa kuti athane ndi vuto.

Khwangwala wakuda nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wopanda mantha. Amatha kuthamangitsa chiwombankhanga, chomwe chimatha kulemera kanayi kuposa khwangwala. Ngakhale samachita mantha, akhwangwala akuda nthawi zambiri amawopabe anthu omwe amadana nawo kwambiri.

Khungubwi zakuda zimatha kukhudza kwambiri mbalame zam'deralo posaka mazira awo. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti mwina amatenga nawo gawo kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe chawo, kuchepetsa kukula kwa ana mu mbalame zina.

Kuphatikiza apo, khwangwala wowotcha amadya zowola, koma tanthauzo la zomwe athandiza pankhaniyi sizikudziwika. The Great Spotted Cuckoo, Clamator glandariou, ndi mtundu wa majeremusi omwe amadziwika kuti amayikira mazira mu zisa za gululo.

Habitat

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa khwangwala pafupi ndi mtsinje

Khwangwala amakhala m'malo okhala mitengo, mizinda, ndi malo ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu ya Sedentary imakonda malo okhala m'mitsinje ndi nyanja. M'madera akumpoto, zisa zimakonzedwa pamiyala, kawirikawiri pamitengo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Khwangwala wakuda

Malinga ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), akhwangwala ambiri sakhala pachiwopsezo. Crow Flores ndi amodzi mwapadera. Amalembedwa ngati mtundu wowopsa chifukwa ali ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe akuchepa chifukwa kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kukuwopseza nyumba yake kuzilumba za Indonesia ku Flores ndi Rinka.

IUCN ikuyerekeza kuti anthu ake ali pakati pa 600 ndi 1700 okhwima. Khwangwala wa ku Hawaiian atha kuthengo. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa akhwangwala akuda kuchokera pa 43 mpaka 204 miliyoni ndipo akupitilizabe kukula. Pakadali pano, palibe zoyesayesa zomwe zikuchitika kuti ateteze khwangwala wakuda.

Ngakhale khwangwala wakuda pano amapatulidwa ngati mtundu wina, umatha kusakanikirana ndi msuwani wake, ndipo ma hybrids amapezeka komwe magawo amaphatikizana. M'mayiko ambiri ku Ireland ndi ku Scotland, khwangwala wakuda amasinthidwa ndi khwangwala wakuda; kumadera akumalire, mitundu iwiri imaswana. Mpaka pano, funso lidatsalabe chifukwa chake pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana yomwe ilimo nyengo zoyandikana.

Khwangwala wakuda amatha kuonedwa ngati mbalame yoyang'anira zachilengedwe, ndipo kumakhala kofunika kwambiri pakuwonjezera mwayi wa mbalame zomwe zitha kuzitulutsa. Mwa mbalame zonse, khwangwala wakuda ndi omwe amadedwa kwambiri kwa anthu am'mudzimo omwe amaweta nkhuku, chifukwa ndiwochenje kwambiri kuposa mbalame zoseweretsa mazira. Mbalame zamtchire zimavutikanso kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake.

Khwangwala Wakuda - imodzi mwa mbalame zanzeru komanso zotha kusintha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala wopanda mantha, ngakhale izi zimatha kusamala ndi munthu. Ndi osungulumwa, nthawi zambiri amapezeka okha kapena awiriawiri, ngakhale amatha kupanga ng'ombe. Akhwangwala akuda amabwera m'minda kuti adzadye, ndipo ngakhale nthawi zambiri amakhala osamala poyamba, adzazindikira posachedwa ngati atatetezeka ndipo abwerera kudzatenga mwayi wopatsidwa.

Kuchulukitsa

Dzina lachi Latin - Corvus corax
Chizungu - Raven
Gulu - Mbalame (Aves)
Kufikira - Odutsa
Banja - Corvidae (Corvidae)
Chifundo - Raven (Corvus)

Raven ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri pa gulu la anthu odutsa ndi imodzi mwa mbalame “zanzeru kwambiri” padziko lapansi.

Onani ndi mamuna

Pokhala mbalame yodabwitsa, khwangwala tsopano, monga lamulo, limalumikizana kwambiri ndi munthu (ngakhale imakonda kukhala kutali nayo). M'chaka chonse, akhwangwala nthawi zambiri amadya zowonongeka pamatawuni ndi zovuta zowonongeka zopangidwa ndi anthu. Kumeneko amapeza okha chakudya chochuluka. Ndipo, pokhala ndi malo abwino kwambiri opopera, akhwangwala amakakamizika kupirira kupezeka pafupi ndi anthu ndipo amatha kukhazikika kunja kwa mizinda yayikulu.

Akhwangwala ang'ono samawongoleredwa, koma ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali m'ndende, amakhalabe odziimira pawokha. Mbalame zachikulire zimawetedwa movutikira kwambiri kapena sizimatenthedwa nkomwe. Makungubwi a manja nthawi zambiri amaphunzitsidwa kutulutsa matikiti osiyanasiyana a lottery ndi mitundu yonse yamapepala motsimikiza kuti amachita mwanzeru komanso mosavutikira.

Kuyambira kalekale, akhwangwala aboma akhala ku London Castle Tower, ndipo akhwangwala amakhala nawo limodzi. Pali nthano kuti ngakhale akhwangwala amakhala mu Tower, Great Britain adzakhalapo. Chifukwa chake kwa a Britain, kukhalapo kwa akhwangwala "ndi nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa."

Kuwoneka kwa khwangwala (wamkulu ndi wakuda), mawu ake amwano, machitidwe ake ndi machitidwe ake akudya (scavenger) zidamupanga iye kukhala ngwazi (nthawi zambiri yopanda pake) ya nthano, nthano, nthano, nyimbo, ndi utoto. Nthawi zambiri mu nthano komanso nthano khwangwala zimalumikizana ndi zoyipa ndi imfa. Amawulukira kumalo okhetsa magazi ndi kusisita maso a asitikali akufa. Mu nthano za ku Scandinavia, akhwangwala amawonetsa zaimfa za ngwazi. Mu nthano zachikhalidwe zaku Russia, akhwangwala nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mizimu yoyipa (c) komanso imfa. Mwambi wathu wapamwamba kwambiri umaphatikizidwanso ndi malingaliro osagwirizana ndi akhwangwala (ndipo anthu) "Khwangwala samatulutsa diso la khwangwala." Komabe, pali chithunzi chabwino cha khwangwala ngati mbalame yanzeru, yamphamvu komanso yolimba mtima. Mu nthano yakale ya Kummawa ya Gilgamesh, khwangwala yekha, wotulutsidwa mchombo cha Nowa, adatha kufikira dziko lomwe lamasulidwa pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Chithunzi cha khwangwala chimawonekera m'mabodza. Chifukwa chake, ndakatulo yodziwika ndi ndakatulo yaku America ya Edgar Allan Poe imatchedwa "The Raven." Nkhani yokhala ndi dzinali ili mwa wolemba wa ku Russia.
Pakulengeza, khwangwala ndi chizindikiro cha kuwona kwamtsogolo komanso moyo wautali, ndipo zithunzi zake zimapezeka m'manja mwa mabanja olemekezeka ndi mabanja, komanso m'mizinda ndi m'madera onse.

Chifukwa chomwe amachitcha "khwangwala"

Mbalameyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha maonekedwe a nthenga. Mawu oti khwangwala adabadwa kuchokera ku mawu oti akhwangwala, kutanthauza wakuda. Kwa amwenye, "wakuda" amatanthauza "kuwotchedwa," ndiko kuti, "wakuda."

Pa chithunzi cha khwangwala pamagazini

Ku Russia, khwangwala amatchedwa "vrana". Akatswiri a zilankhulo amakhulupirira kuti mawuwa adachokera kwa "mdani", "mabodza", "vorog".

Osamukira kapena ayi

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mbalame yakukhazikika kwa akhwangwala.

Makungu si mbalame zosamukira, ngakhale kuli mitundu ina yomwe imakhala ndi moyo wosasintha. Kuuluka malo ndi malo kumawapangitsa kusowa kwa chakudya kapena nyengo zina. Zimasamukira pagulu lalikulu la mbalame 100-300. Khwangwala samawulukira kupitilira makilomita 1,000 kuchokera mnyumbayo.

Moyo

M'chithunzichi gulu laling'ono la akhwangwala

Khwangwala amatsogolera gulu la moyo. Banja limodzi la akhwangwala limakhala ndi mbalame zazikulu 50. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mukukula, achinyamata nthawi zambiri samachoka m'mabanja. Chifukwa chake gulu limakula. Khwangwala amadziwika kuti ali ndi malingaliro osanthula ndi kukumbukira kwabwino. Mbalame zachikulire zimaphunzitsa ana.

M'chithunzithunzi gulu la akhwangwala atakhala pamtengo

Khwangwala amayenda pansi bwino. Choka nthawi yomweyo. Pakudya, amira pansi. Pothawa, khwangwala nthawi zambiri amawomba mapiko ake. Kuuluka sikungachitike ndipo ndikuthanso.

Khwangwala amatha kuzolowera kusintha kwachilengedwe. Pofunafuna chakudya, iwo amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, chifukwa mumakhala zinyalala zambiri za chakudya mmenemo. Khwangwala amadyera limodzi. Ngati wina sakapeza chakudya, amagawana. Ngakhale anthu ena adakali adyera. Atatha kudya ,akwirira malirowo pansi. Komabe, ngati awona kuti akhwangwala ena akumayang'ana zomwe akuchita, akhoza kunamizira kuti adakwirira chakudya.

Mu chithunzi, akhwangwala azungulira

Malinga ndi abale omwe anamwalira a akhwangwala, amafunika kukonzekera. Gulu limazunguliridwa ndi mbalame yakufa, kenako nkukhala pansi pafupi ndi chete.

Mu chithunzi, khwangwala amapanga mawu akuti "Carr"

Makungu amapanga mawu omwe munthu amamva ngati "karoti." Komabe, akatswiri a zamankhwala amati "karoti" payekhayo ali ndi mitundu yambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kamvekedwe ka mawu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zowopsa, nkhawa, chisangalalo, nkhawa ndi zina.

Kuswana

Chithunzicho chikuonetsa akhwangwala achikazi ndi amuna

Pakatha zaka ziwiri, khwangwala amayamba unamwali. Mitundu yambiri ya akhwangwala imakhala yachilendo, koma pali iwo omwe nyengo iliyonse amasankha peyala yatsopano kuti ikaberekedwe. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Pakadali pano, mbalame zimachita mosasamala komanso maphokoso: zimayenda mozungulira mlengalenga ndikufuula mokweza.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa khwangwala yemwe amamanga chisa

Zoyesa zimayamba kumanga mu Epulo-Meyi. Zipinda zogona zimakhala m'mapaki a nkhalango, pamiyala yamagetsi, pansi pamiyala ya nyumba. Akhwangwala a steppe amapanga zisa m'miyala yamiyala.

Pa chithunzichi, akhwangwala amphongo ndi achikazi akumanga chisa

Makolo onse amtsogolo amapanga chisa. Nyumba zimatengedwa kuchokera ku nthambi ndi ndodo. Kupangitsa kuti chimangacho chikhale cholimba, nkhuni amaziphatikiza ndi dongo, lonyowa. Pansi ndizakutidwa ndi pansi, ubweya wa thonje ndi udzu wouma. Socket miyeso: mainchesi - 50 centimeter, kuya - 20-25 masentimita, khoma makulidwe - 2-4 masentimita.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mazira a khwangwala imvi

Pochulukitsa, pafupifupi mazira 3-6, osachepera 5-8. Mtundu wa chipolopolo ndi wakuda buluu wokhala ndi mawanga ambiri a bulauni. Yaikazi imalowetsa anapiyewo kwa milungu itatu. Nthawi yonseyi yamphongo imadyetsa mkazi wake ndikuteteza malowo kwa adani. Ang'ono amabadwa osalolera, okhala ndi khungu lofiira. Pofika mwezi, imvi yakuda imayamba kuoneka. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, anapiye amayamba kuphika. Pakadali pano, akhwangwala amaphunzira kuuluka, ndipo anapiye nthawi zambiri amatuluka chisa. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti Voronenka sayenera kunyamulidwa, apo ayi makolo azikana. Mbalame zachikulire zimayang'anira anapiyewo, ndipo ngati chilichonse cha izo chili pansi, yesani kuthandiza khandalo.

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa anapiye

Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, kukula kwachichepere kumachoka chisa cha makolo, koma zomangira zabanja zimakhala zaka zambiri. Nyengo yotsatira, anapiye akale azikhala pafupi ndi makolo awo. Pali nthawi zina pomwe ana akale adathandizira makolo kudyetsa ana awo.

Chovala chachipewa

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa khwangwala imvi

• Dzina lachi Latin: Corvus cornix
• Kulemera: 460-735 g
• Gulu Lapamwamba: Khwangwala
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zosavuta Zokhudza

Ziwawa zake ndi zakuda komanso imvi. Mutu, mapiko, mchira, miyendo - yakuda, thupi ndi imvi. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 0- 40-50. Mtundu wa nthenga m'makhukuwo ndi bulauni.

Pacithunzi-thunzi, khwangwala wacinyamata

Khwangwala ndi wokulirapo kuposa poyambira, thupi ndi wandiweyani. Mlomo wake ndi wolimba, wopindika kumapeto kwa kaphiriko. Pouluka, mlomo umakhala pansi. Mapikowo ndi otambalala, osawoneka kumapeto. Amayenda pansi mokhazikika; pangozi, amadumpha.

Phokoso la khwangwala limapangidwa ndi ogontha, omwe amachedwa - "karr", "krr".

Agogo akhungu amakhala ku Central ndi North-Eastern Europe, Western Siberia ndi Asia.

Khwangwala waku Australia

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa khwangwala waku Australia

• Dzina lachi Latin: Corvus coronoides
• Kulemera: 650 g
• Gulu Lapamwamba: Khwangwala
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Khwangwala waku Australia amatchedwanso "kum'mwera", ndipo anthu am'derali amadzitcha kuti "wugan".

Chimawoneka ngati khwangwala waku Australia

Australia ili ndi mitundu itatu ya akhwangwala. Mitundu yomwe tafotokozayi ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo ndi masentimita 53, mapiko - mpaka mita 1, kulemera - 650-700 magalamu.

Chithunzichi chikuonetsa khwangwala wa Astralian (Corvus coronoides)

Ziwonetsero zama khwangwala ku Australia ndi zakuda. Utoto wa cholembera ulinso ndi mulomo ndi miyendo. Pansi pa nthenga ndi imvi. White iris ndi mawonekedwe amitundu yonse yamakhwangwala ku Australia. Nthenga za m'khosi ndizitali, m'lifupi, ndipo zimawala. Mtundu wa achichepere ndi wofanana ndi mbalame zachikulire, pomwe iris ndiye imvi.

Achibale apafupi kwambiri a akhwangwala aku Australia ndi khwangwala waku Australia, khwangwala wa ku Bennett, khwangwala waku Tasmanian, khwangwala waku South Australia.

Magawo a Khwangwala ku Australia:

• C. c. Coronoides. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Australia,
• C. c. Perplexus. Amakhala m'magawo kuyambira ku South Australia mpaka zigawo za Azungu.

Khwangwala waku South waku Australia

Chimawoneka ngati khwangwala waku South Australia

• Dzina lachi Latin: Corvus mellori
• Kulemera: mpaka 1300 g
• Gulu Lapamwamba: Khwangwala
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa khwangwala waku South Australia

Khwangwala wakuda kwathunthu, nthenga zakuda m'maso. Iris ndi yoyera. Mapikowo ndiwotalikirapo. Mapapu ndi amphamvu. Khwangwala waku South Australia ndi wocheperako kuposa khwangwala ku Australia. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 45-48, unyinji sufika magalamu 550. Mlomo ndi wocheperako, wakuthwa kumapeto, wopindika mwamphamvu. Amapanga phokoso lalifupi, lachete.

Akhwangwala aku South Australia amakhala m'matumba, amakhala moyo wosakhazikika. Nest m'magulu 15 a awiriawiri. Khwangwala amakhala kumwera kwa Australia, kupatula dera la Gippsland, komwe khwangwala wa ku Tasmanian amakhala. Kuzungulira kwakukulu kwa akhwangwala aku South Australia kumawonedwa ku Sydney ndi Camden.

Chakudya chamng'olayo chimakhala masamba.

Khwangwala wamkuwa

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa khwangwala wamkuwa

• Dzina lachi Latin: Corvus crassirostris
• Kulemera: 60-650 g
• Gulu Lapamwamba: Khwangwala
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Chimawoneka ngati khwangwala wamkuwa

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 60-64. Khwangwala wamkuwa amalekanitsidwa ndi mulomo wakuda, wautali (kuposa kutalika kwa mutu). Pamwamba ndi pansi, imakulungika mwamphamvu, kunja kwake kumawoneka ngati zophuka zakhazikika. Imakakamizidwa mwamphamvu kuchokera kumbali, miyala yovutikira yomwe imakhala pansi. Palibe nthenga pansi. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mulomo, khwangwala sakhala ngati oyimira gulu lake. Khwangwala wakuda wamkuwa ndi buluu. Pali malo oyera kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi mmero. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndiyonso zakuda. Zowonjezera sizikupezeka paws.

Khwangwala wamkuwa amakhala ku Ethiopia, Eritrea. Ochepa ochepa amakhala ku Sudan ndi Somalia. Mitundu ya akhwangwala imadyedwa ndi zovunda.

Kulira kwa khwangwala wamkuwa kumafanana ndi phokoso la khwangwala. Mawu ake ndi amwano. Zikumveka ndizosamva, zosachedwa, nthawi zina zimakhala ngati zikusweka.

Khwangwala wofiirira

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa khwangwala wokhala ndi pakati

• Dzina lachi Latin: Corvus cryptoleucus
• Misa: 500-600 g
• Gulu Lapamwamba: Khwangwala
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zosavuta Zokhudza

Chimawoneka ngati khwangwala wokhala ndi mbewa

Mbalame yofowoka, yolimba yokhala ndi mlomo wawukulu, wamfupi, mchira wautali wozungulira. Ndi yaying'ono kukula kuposa khwangwala. Zowoneka zakuda. Pakhosi, m'munsi mwa nthenga ndi zoyera (motero dzina). Pa paws pali flu wotuwa wotuwa. Khwangwala amapanga mawu osokosera - "krakh", "kirkkh."

Khwangwala wofiirira amakhala m'matumba. Malo omwe amakhala ndi malo omwe amapezeka. Malo ogawa - America.

Khwangwala wokhala ndi zilembo zazikulu

Chimawoneka ngati khwangwala wokhala ndi zilembo zazikulu

• Dzina lachi Latin: Corvus macrorhynchos
• Kulemera: mpaka 1300 g
• Gulu Lapamwamba: Khwangwala
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa khwangwala wamkulu

Khwangwala amasiyanitsidwa ndi mulomo waukulu kwambiri wamtundu wakuda. Gawo lakumwambalo ndi chowongolera, chopambana pamunsi. Mtundu wa nthenga pamutu, mchira ndi mapiko ake ndi wakuda ndi ubweya wobiriwira kapena wofiirira, thupi limachita imvi.Pamutu, nthenga zimakhala ngati tsitsi limamatirira, chifukwa cha izi chimapangidwa. Khwangwala amene amakhala kumpoto ndiakulu kuposa abale awo omwe amakhala kum'mwera kwa Asia.

Khwangwala wamkulu amakhala ku Asia, Far East, ndi Indonesia. Amakhala moyo wongokhala. Imakhala chisa m'miyala yamadzi. Amapanga awiriawiri. Nthawi yakukhwima ndiyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Marichi.

Mu chithunzi, nyemba zazikulu-nyemba ndi mbewu zapamwamba

Mawu a khwangwala wokhala ndi zida zazikulu akufanana ndi khwangwala wokongola. Zikumveka kumapeto kwa mavawelo - "krhaa - khaa - khra". Nthawi zina amafalitsa monga "kau-kau, ukua".

15 akhwangwala ang'onoang'ono amasiyana ndi kukula kwake, mawonekedwe a mulomo, malo okhala.

Khwangwala wakhristwe

Chimawoneka ngati khwangwala wopanda phokoso

• Dzina lachi Latin: Corvus rhipidurus
• Kulemera: 500g
• Gulu Lapamwamba: Khwangwala
• Mkhalidwe Wosamalira: Zopanda Chidwi

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa khwangwala wopanda phokoso

Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 47, kulemera - 500 magalamu. Mlomo wake ndi wokulirapo, mchira wake ndi waufupi, mapiko ndiwotalika, opapatiza.

Zowoneka za khwangwala wopunthwa ndi zakuda. Zimawoneka padzuwa pabiri. Kumbuyo kwa mutu, m'munsi mwa nthenga mumayera. Nthenga pakhosi ndi zazifupi, zikukula.

Kulira kwa khwangwala kopanda phokoso kumapangitsa larynx, kucheperachepera. Liwu lofuula.

Pacithunzi-thunzi, khwangwala wokhotakhota pa nthambi

Akhwangwala akhomedwa amakhala ku Middle East, kumpoto kwa Africa, ndi chilumba cha Arabia. Amakonda kupangira nyumba zawo malo okwezeka. Pofufuza chakudya, khwangwala amayenda maulendo ataliatali makilomita. Chakudyacho chimasakanikirana. Khwangwala wopanda phokoso amakhala ndi moyo wokhala pansi. Kuchotsedwa pamalo ndi kuperewera kwa chakudya.

Bangai khwangwala

Mu chithunzi Bangai khwangwala

• Dzina lachi Latin: Corvus unicolor
• Kulemera: 500g
• Gulu Lapamwamba: Khwangwala
• Mkhalidwe wosungira: chiopsezo chachikulu cha kutha

Chimawoneka ngati khwangwala wa Bangai pa nthambi

Kutalika kwa khwangwala wa Bangai ndi masentimita 39, kulemera kwake ndi 450 magalamu. Nthenga za thupi, mutu, mapiko, mchira, komanso mulomo ndi miyendo zakuda. Nthenga zimayera m'munsi (izi zimasiyanitsa khwangwala wa Bangai ndi khwangwala). Iris ndi imvi yakuda. Mchira ndi mlomo wake ndi waufupi.

Bangai Crow ndi a banja la akhwangwala omwe amakhala ku Indonesia. Zomwe zidagawidwa kale ku zilumba za Bangai, tsopano ochepa apulumuka ku zilumba za Peleng. Pankhani yakukula kwaulimi, khwangwala wa Bangai watsala pang'ono kutha. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa akatswiri a zamankhwala, mbalame mazana angapo adatsala padziko lapansi.

Khwangwala oyera

Pacithunzi-thunzi, khwangwala woyela ndi wakuda

Mitundu yodzilekana ya mbalame zokhala ndi maula oyera sizikupezeka. Azungu ndi chinthu chachilendo kwambiri ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini, maalubino. Khwangwala wokhala ndi nthenga zoyera amapezeka m'mitundu yonse ndi ma subspecies. Utoto wokhawo ndi womwe umasiyanasiyana ndi oimira wamba. Mbalame za Albino zimakhala zochepera kuposa akhwangwala wamba, zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakunja.

Mu chithunzi, khwangwala nestling kunyumba

Ndikosatheka kuyendetsa akhwangwala akuluakulu ali muukapolo. Koma anapiye omwe ali mwa munthuyo amawazolowera eni, amamuwona ngati bambo ndi mayi. Kuyimirira pafupi ndi munthu kumakulitsa luso la kuyankhula khwangwala. Mbalame zimakonda kutengera mawu ndi mawu a ziweto komanso anthu.

Mu chithunzi khwangwala kunyumba

Raven imasungidwa m'makola akuluakulu a mauna. Chigoba chokhazikika chimayikidwa mkati kapena chitsamba chobzalidwa - malo omwe mbalame pamapeto pake amatulutsa chisa. Mu nyengo yakukhwima, yamphongo imodzi imabzalidwa pa mkazi.

Pa chithunzicho, khwangwala waimvi patebulo

Khungubwe lopanda kanthu limadyetsedwa chakudya cha nyama ndi masamba. Mbewu, masamba ndi zipatso zimasinthana ndi tizilombo, nyama, nsomba. Nkhuku amadya akalulu, ng'ombe, mbewa ndi abuluzi. Makungu sangaperekedwe nkhumba ndi maswiti. Komanso choletsedwa kuwonjezera mchere mu chakudya. Musaiwale za mavitamini ndi michere ya mkaka yowotchera.

Kunyumba, akhwangwala amakhala omasuka. Nthawi zina zimasungidwa kunja kwa khola - mbalame zowetedwa sizingathe kuwuluka pabwalo. Nthawi yamoyo yankhuku imachulukitsa nthawi 2-2,5.

Wojambulidwa Khwangwala kunyumba

Mukapeza chiweto, zindikirani kuti akhwangwala ndi mbalame zopanda pake. Padzakhala dothi lochuluka kuchokera kwa iwo. Ndikwabwino kuphimba pansi pachitetezo ndi zokutira zotere, zomwe pambuyo pake zimakhala zosavuta kuyeretsa. Gwiritsani ntchito linoleum kapena chitsulo chachitsulo. Pamwamba chinsalu ndi utuchi watsopano.

Khwangwala amavutika ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amakhala pakhungu ndi pakati pa nthenga za mbalame, amatipatsira matenda. Kuti mbalame isavutike, mbalameyo imayenera kumatsuka nthawi ndi nthawi. Ma mbewa ndi okondwa kutenga njira zamadzi, ndiye kuti chidebe chamadzi choyera chimayikidwa m'chipindacho, chomwe mbalameyo chimagwiritsa ntchito ngati kusamba.

Khwangwala wankhwawa kunyumba

Mbalame zimafunikira kuyenda. Khwangwala akayamba kuzolowera nyumbayo, amafunika kumasulidwa ku aviary kuti "afalikire mapiko ake". Patsikulo mbalameyo imayenera kukhala mumlengalenga kwa maola osachepera awiri.

Zosangalatsa

1. Khwangwala ndi mbalame yotuwa. Kuti aswe nati ndi kudya zomwe zili, mbalameyo singakhome chipolopolo ndi mulomo wake, koma chiziponyera pansi pa matayala agalimoto.
2. Makoko amakonda kusangalala, kugudubuza mapiri nthawi yozizira, kuseka amphaka ndi agalu.
3. Mbalameyi imalowetsa mkate wakale m'madzi.
4. Khwangwala amatengera mawu a nyama ndi anthu.
5. Khwangwala amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Amakhala omasuka ku Siberia, ndi ku Africa, komanso ku Europe.
6. Khwangwala ndi abwenzi. Vuto likakumana ndi mbalame, ndiye kuti abale ake sangazikusiye.
7. Khwangwala amabwezera. Wina akakhumudwitsa, ndiye kuti akhoza kubwezera ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri zochitikazo.
8. Nthawi yosamukira, mbalame zimawuluka mozungulira malo omwe abale ambiri adamwalira kale.
9. Khungubwe limagwiritsa ntchito nthambi kuti pakhale mphutsi pansi pa mtengo. Chifukwa chake, amateteza mlomo wawo kuti usawonongeke.
10. Khwangwala amalankhulana osati ndi mawu okha, komanso ndi manja ndi pakamwa pawo.

Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro za makwangwala

Raven amatengedwa ngati chodabwitsa ndi mbalame. Amakhulupirira kuti awa ndi amithenga a mizimu yoyipa, oyimira pakati pa mayiko, oyambitsa mavuto. M'mbuyomu, anthu amakhulupirira kuti ngati khwangwala atakhala paphewa la munthu, posachedwa afa. Ndipo ngati mbalame yonyansa ikulowera mnyumbamo, ndiye kuti banjayo singathawe mavuto.

Mu zaluso komanso malingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi, chithunzi cha khwangwala wakuda chimapezeka kawirikawiri. M'nthano, nthano ndi nthano, mbalame imatengera mizimu yoipa ndi kufa. Osati popanda chifukwa mu nthano zomwe kunali nkhondo yamagazi, gulu la akhwangwala limawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Wokhala ndi phokoso lonyansa, ozungulira mitembo, utulutsa maso a asirikali omwe agwa.

M'miyambo yambiri yadziko lapansi, akhwangwala amatchedwa kuti ali ndi maluso abwino. Ku India, kwakhala amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zimatha kulumikizana ndi mizimu ya anthu akufa. Mu Greece wakale, mbalamezi zimadziwika kuti ndi amithenga a milungu. A Greek amakhulupirira kuti khwangwala amatha kuchiritsa munthu osati mwakuthupi, komanso mwauzimu.

Sizizindikiro komanso zikhulupiriro zonse zokhudzana ndi makwangwala. Chithunzi cha khwangwala chimayimiranso nzeru, luntha, kulemera.

Zizindikiro:

Raven yachikhalidwe

• khwangwala amakhala pamtengo wowotcha - mwatsoka
• khwangwala mmodzi amadyetsa enanso - zabwino zonse ndi chisangalalo,
• khwangwala amakhala padenga la nyumbayo - banja lomwe limakhalamo, kudikirira chuma,
• mbalame zikuzungulira nyumba - posachedwa mwana abadwa kuno,
• khwangwala akhwangwala ndipo amayang'ana madzi - kuti avumbwe,
• khwangwala adatulukira pazenera, makoko ndi ntchentche kuzungulira zipinda - wina wa mnyumbayo adwala kwambiri,
• kupha khwangwala - chita tchimo lalikulu. Mavuto amayembekeza munthu
• khwangwala amakhala padenga la tchalitchi - posachedwa wina afa.
• gulu la akhwangwala amasiya nkhalango - kufa ndi njala, kufa, nkhondo.

Kodi khwangwala amalota chiyani:

Kodi maloto a khwangwala ndi chiani?

• maloto momwe khwangwala akhwangwala amatanthauza kuti munthu ali pangozi yakufa. Chipulumutso chimabwera m'mapemphero
• gulu la akhwangwala akhazungulira pamlengalenga - kunkhondo, imfa,
• akhwangwala atakhala m'munda - chaka chidzakhala chosabereka,
• m'maloto, akhwangwala zisa - kuti misa ng'ombe.

Mawu a khwangwala

Khwangwala amakhala ndi zingwe zomvera mawu. Liwu la mbalame ili ngati kuseka - limagudubuzika komanso mokweza. Nthawi yotsika ndiyokwera. Phokoso limakhala losamva kwenikweni, "mawu" amatha kumapeto kwa makonsonanti. Akatswiri a zamankhwala apeza kuti kutumiza zizindikiro kwa abale, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito makiyi osiyanasiyana. Pamasewera akukhwima, akhwangwala amafuula kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mawu ndi osasunthika. Nthawi yakusinkhana, mawuwo amakhala afupikitsa, osakhazikika. The monologue imakhala ndi mawu ofupikira, olekanitsidwa ndi kupuma pang'ono kwachiwiri. Ngati makwangwala amakhala ndi mawu ataliitali, akhwangwala amafuula mawu ofupikawo akuti "krykh", "kirkh", "ajali", "kryh". Mbalame zimapangitsa mawu kumveka ngati kuwonekera, kukwawa.

Kufuna kudziwa chilichonse

Kupanga makwerero a nyama molingana ndi nzeru, munthu panjira yotsatira nthawi yomweyo amaika anthu atatu: chimpanzee, khwangwala ndi dolphin. Mwinanso, chifukwa kuvomereza kuti khwangwala ndiwopepuka kuposa nyani, dzanja lokha silinakweze. Mwa njira, gawo pakati pa ubongo ndi thupi la akhwangwala ndi lofanana ndi la anthu ndi ma dolphin.

Ubongo wa mbalamezi ndi zokulirapo kasanu kuposa nkhunda ndipo amalola akhwangwala kuti aganize njira zanzeru kwambiri zopezera chakudya. Nachi zitsanzo cha zochepa chabe pakuwona mbalame zosangalatsazi.

Zachidziwikire kuti ambiri adawona khwangwala, kena kena kokhazikika pamsewu wamtunda wambiri. Mbalameyi siidzathamanga mwamantha ikaona galimoto ikubwera. Idzangoyenda mwakachetechete kapena kudumpha kuchokera mumsewu wolekanitsa msewu wonyamula mayendedwe ndi mseu, podziwa bwino bwino kuti galimoto sigwera mseuwu.

Osati kale kwambiri, okhala ku Tokyo adawona zochitika zodabwitsa za mbalamezi. Akhwangwala am'mizinda adasonkhana maphokoso kumakomo a nebesnoe.info. Amadikirira kuti kuwala kofiyira kukhazikike, ndipo magalimoto atangoyima, iwo adawulukira mwachangu pamsewu ndikuyika ma walnuts phula. Magalimotowo akadadutsa, ndipo kuwunikanso kwofiira, makwangwala ochenjera omwe amatengedwa kuchokera ku mtedza wosankhidwa.

Kupeza chofufumitsa chouma, khwangwala sazitsamwitsa pachaka chowuma, koma amapeza phirilo, zilowerereni mkate ndikatha kudya kapena kupita nawo ku anapiyewo. Amatha kutsegula bokosi la machesi ndi dzanja lake (ngati ali nalo chidwi) ndikuwulula maswiti pamaswiti popanda kuwononga.

Asodzi ena adayang'anitsitsa akhwangwala atagwira ntchito, akudikirira kuti agwiritse ntchito mwangozi, pozindikira kuti choyandama chikuyamba kuluka, nawulukira koyamba mpaka ndodo yosomba yomwe ili pansi ndikuyamba kukoka chingwe cha nsomba, kuyesera kukola nsomba.

Fuko lodabwitsa la akhwangwala a New Caledonia. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi kuthekera kwamkati kupanga zida. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti akhwangwala osakhwima pang'ono, otaya mwayi woti aphunzire kuchokera kwa makolo awo, pawokha amapanga abambo apadera ngati zotupa kuchokera kunthambi zokhala ndi mulomo. Ndi "matayala" okonzedwa bwino amatola kafadala, mphutsi ndi zinthu zina zabwino pansi pa mitengo. Ngati zochitika zikufunika kuti pakhale mbedza kumapeto kwa abambo, ndiye kuti khwangwala amapanga chipangizochi mosavuta.

Kuyesera komweku kunachitidwa ndi khwangwala Betty ku University of Oxford. Ntchitoyi inali motere: chitoliro chowoneka bwino, chopepuka chokwanira komanso chopapatiza panali basiketi yaying'ono yokhala ndi chithandizo. Tizidutswa tating'ono tating'ono tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayikidwa pafupi. Khwangwala anawona nyamayo ili bwino, koma sanathe kuipeza ndi mulomo wake, ndipo, kunena moona, sinayesere. Ataganizira pang'ono, Betty adasankha waya wokulirapo, ndikukutungani mulomo ndi milomo yake, ndikusintha kolowera kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri, kenako ndikuyitenga mu mulomo ndikutulutsa dengu mosavuta.

Koma palibe amene adamuphunzitsapo izi.

Ngati khwangwala amapereka chakudya chosankha kuchokera kwa odyetsa awiri (kupitanso apo, mbalameyo imadziwa kuchokera pa chidziwitso kuti yachiwiri ichotsedwa), ndiye kuti yasankha molondola yomwe pali nyongolotsi imodzi - 11 kapena 12. ndipo khwangwala sadzalakwitsa konse. Amatha bwanji kuwerengera? Mwambi. Ndipo pazoyesa zovuta, amapezeka yekha pamwamba.

Ngati mukuphimba odyetserawa ndi makadi okhala ndi manambala (mwachitsanzo, "1 + 2" ndi "2 + 2"), ndiye kuti asankha komwe manambala akukula. Asayansi amakakamizika kuvomereza kuti akhwangwala "amasiyanitsa chizindikiro cha chiwerengero", "amatha kupanga zinthu zambiri komanso kudziletsa." Koma ichi ndi chiyani ngati sichizindikiro cha luntha? Machitidwe oterewa sangatchulidwe chifukwa cha chibadwa kapena malingaliro.

Mwambiri, akhwangwala, okhala zaka mazana ambiri pambuyo pa anthu, ali ngati anthu. Mbalame zamzinda zimakonda soseji, mafuta anyama, tchizi, mazira a nkhuku. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amakonza zofanana ndi misonkhano yaphwando, yomwe anthu masauzande ambiri amasonkhana nthawi zina. Nenani, mumzinda waku Canada Woodwood, anthu ali 35,000, ndipo akhwangwala ali pafupifupi 70-75,000.

Pambuyo poyesera zambiri, zidakhazikitsidwa kuti mbalamezi zimatha kuwerengera bwino ziwonetserozo pakufufuzako, kudziwa momwe zinayendera, kupanga mawonekedwe kuchokera kuzizindikiro za 4-5, akatswiri a zamankhwala amakhulupirira kuti akhwangwala amatha kuthetsa ntchito zoyambira. Aphunzira kutsata komanso kuphunzitsana munjira zovuta.

Chifukwa chake, akhwangwala amalondola bwino kuchuluka kwa zikwangwani zamagalimoto - pakuwala kofiyira kunyamula mitembo ya nyama zomwe zimatsitsidwa ndi magalimoto, ndipo pakuwoneka kobiriwira iwo amachoka. Amasiyanitsa bwino zomwe zili m'manja mwa munthu - ndodo kapena mfuti, amasiyanitsa pakati pa mwana ndi wamkulu, bambo ndi mkazi. Koma zikuwoneka kuti uku sikumalire ndipo akhwangwala amatha kuchita zambiri. Amatha kuchita zosayenera. Imani, yang'anani mozungulira, sinthani momwe zinthu ziliri. Kumbukirani zomwe mudawona kale.

Khwangwala amalankhulana wina ndi mnzake, chilankhulo cha khwangwala chimakulitsidwa kwambiri, chimakhala ndi "mawu" olemera. Imakhala ndi mawu apadera ochereza chachikazi, kuyankhula ndi nyama zazing'ono, kusonkhana, kutukwana, kuwopseza, ma alarm, mavuto. Nthawi zina mbalame zingapo zimapanga mawu amodzi mogwirizana. Kuti mumve zambiri. Mu milandu yomwe ndalama zambiri zalengezedwa.

Khwangwala amadziwa kusangalala. Amaseka amphaka ndi agalu. Ndi zosangalatsa kumachita masewera osazolowereka. Mwachitsanzo, khwangwala m'modzi amawuluka ndikugwetsa chinthu, winayo amatenga pansi 20-30 mita ndikuwuluka. Kugwetsa chidole pamenepo, pomwe khwangwala woyamba nebesnoe.info amathamangira pansi, ndikunyamula chinthu kuchokera pansi ndikubweranso.

Mmodzi wa Muscovite adawonera pamene akhwangwala awiri adasewera padenga lathyathyathya pafupi ndi khothi akusewera mpira wa tennis ukuwuluka pamenepo. Anathamangitsa mpira mbali ndi nthawi kwakanthawi komanso mosasamala. Amayenda limodzi ndi mlomo wawo, amawathamangira, amawongoka. Mpaka nebesnoe.info mpira unagwa pansi.

Nkhani ina. Atatha kukonza mu 1985 pamabwinja akachisi a Moscow Kremlin, akhwangwala adawasankhira. kumayenda. Mmodzi modzi ndi mmodzi iwo anawulukira kumtunda kwa matumba, atakutidwa ndi kuwoneka bwino, ndipo, akugwada pachiwopsezo chawo, adagubuduzika mpaka mbali yayikulu kwambiri, natambasula mapiko awo ndikuwuluka mlengalenga mu nebesnoe.info.

Akatswiri a Ornithologists amakhulupirira kuti ma corvids anali mbalame zoyambirira zomwe zimabwera kwa munthu ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito yake ngati chothandizira kupeza ndalama.

Ku Seattle, m'malo a koleji, asayansi adayesa chidwi. Adagwira asanu ndi awiri khwangwala ndipo ndinangolemba iwo. Kwa mbalame palibe vuto lomwe lidachitidwa, amangokumana ndi zovuta komanso kupsinjika. Pambuyo polemba zolembera mbalamezo zidamasulidwa. Inde, zazidziwitso zazing'ono - asayansi omwe adachita nawo zoyeserazo anali mumasiketi oyipa achikopa.

Lingaliro linali kuwona ngati mbalamezo zimatha kukumbukira ndikusiyanitsa nkhope za anthu omwe aziwazungulira. Kupatula apo, munthu wosakonzekera sadzatha kudzipatula khwangwala m'mbale. Khwangwala amalimbana ndi ntchitoyi.
Khwangwala amakumbukira bwino nkhope. Amasilira ndikumenya anthu omata. Komanso, patapita kanthawi, gulu lonse lathunthu linalowa "mwamphamvu". Chochititsa chidwi, mbalamezo sizidangobwera ndi anthu otsekedwa, koma ndendende anthu onyentchera. Ndiye kuti, amatha kusiyanitsa nkhope zathu, amatha kudzipatula pakati pa anthu ndipo akhoza kukopa anzawo kuti achitire anzawo zachipongwe.

Mwa njira, popanda masks, asayansi a mbalame sanakhale ndi chidwi. Tsopano zikusowabe ngati mbalame ndi zabwino zikukumbukiranso. Komabe, sichabwino kunena kuti makumbukidwe ndi makwangwala amakumbukiridwa kwambiri.

Kubwerera ku kuyeserera koyambirira, ndikofunikira kunena motsindika kuti akhwangwala adatha kufotokoza mwanjira iliyonse kwa achibale awo. Ayi, apa titha kuganiza kuti gululo limagwira - ngati wina alira za ngozi ndikuwukiridwa, enawo achite chimodzimodzi. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, asayansi azindikira kuti pali zinenedwe zina zamakedzana. "Zokambirana" za akhwangwala zigawo zosiyanasiyana zidzasiyana. Koma ngakhale ali ndi chilankhulo, pomwe sizovuta kunena ...

Mwa njira, zikuwoneka kuti chidziwitso china chimafalikira kuchokera ku akhwangwala akuluakulu kupita kwa ana awo aang'ono.

Mmodzi mwa akhwangwala a Odin amatchedwa Munin (kukumbukira). Ndipo popanda chifukwa, khwangwala anali ndi chikumbutso chabwino. M'tauni ya Canada ya Chatham, panali malo akhwangwala panjira yodutsa. Mazana a mbalame zambirimbiri analowa mu mzindawu ndi madera ena ozungulira. Koma idali malo olima ndipo minda yozungulira idawonongeka kwambiri - akhwangwala anaononga mbewu zazing'ono.

Anthu sakanapirira ndipo anayambitsa nkhondo. Zotsatira zake, wozunzidwa anawonekera, chimodzimodzi, mbalame imodzi yokha pa theka la miliyoni amoyo. Zitachitika izi, mbalame za Chatham zidawuluka mozungulira. Mwachiwonekere, munalibe ozunzidwa mu mzindawu komanso madera ake.
Panali zochitika zambiri zotere. Mbalame kumbukirani malo ndi zochitika zomwe zidatha monga ozunzidwa. Amapewa malo awa, ngakhale amasintha njira zosamukira.

Tikudziwa bwino momwe mungakhalire m'malo abwino. Koma bwanji za iwo omwe amapezeka ali ovuta kwambiri? Kenako moyo umatengera luso la kupeza chida choyenera, fufuzani momwe mungachigwiritsire ntchito kupulumutsa moyo wa wokondedwa. Koma akhwangwala amayenera kuthana ndi mavuto nthawi zonse.

Zoti nyama nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana sizodziwika kwa asayansi okha. Zitsanzo za chimpanzi sizidzadabwitsa aliyense. Koma mbalame zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito timitengo tochotsa pansi pa khungubwe la tizilombo, maatomatiki amnyanja amagwiritsa ntchito miyala kuti aswe ma mollusks, ngakhale ma dolphin amagwiritsa ntchito zida. Khwangwala si choncho. Asayansi adawaikira makamera ndipo amawayang'ana akuchotsa nyongolotsi zazitali. Komanso, akhwangwala amagwiritsa ntchito masamba amphamvu ndi zitsamba ngati zida zopangira zida zina zovuta kwambiri!

Asayansi kuti aphunzire luso la zinyama adayesera zambiri, kuwakakamiza kuthana ndi mavuto am'deralo. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la akhwangwala amayikidwa m'khola ndi chidutswa cha nyama. Nthawi yomweyo, nyamayo idapachikidwa pa chingwe, chomwe chidakhazikika kumapeto kwa ndodo. Chifukwa chake akhwangwala adazindikira mosavuta kukoka chingwecho, kufikira atafika kumene amafunako.

Pali nthano yotchuka ya Aesop yokhudza momwe khwangwala amaponyera miyala pa jug kuti afike kumadzi. Sizokayikitsa kuti Aesop adangotengera izi. Asayansi adaganizanso zomwezo ndipo adaganiza zowerengera zomwe zidalipo. Kuphatikiza apo, adachita izi ndi akhwangwala osiyanasiyana kanayi ndipo adapeza zotsalazo. Khwangwala adayikamo khola, mumadzi akuya momwe mumakhala nyongolotsi zabwino, ndimayala wamba. Khwangwala samakhoza kukhala ndi mphutsi monga choncho. Zotsatira zake ndi zodabwitsa - akhwangwala awiri kuchokera kuyeseranso kwachiwiri kupeza njira yothetsera, ena onse adazindikira koyamba! Nthawi yomweyo, sanayambe kuponya miyala, koma anasankha zazikuluzikulu. Ndipo adaponya ndendende mpaka nthawi yomwe panali mpata wotulutsira nyongolotsi m'madzi akutuluka.

Kuyesera kotsatira kunaphatikizapo, kuphatikiza khwangwala, mtanga waung'ono wobisidwa mchombo chokulirapo ndi mawaya angapo. Nthawi yomweyo, mawaya awiri adakonzedwa kwa Adele ndi Betty, amodzi mwa iwo anali ndi mbedza, ndipo yachiwiri inali lathyathyathya. Abele yomweyo kuchokera pazinthu ziwiri za waya wosankhidwa wopindika. Betty adayang'anitsitsa kukweza kwake kolunjika ndikuyigwetsa pang'ono natulutsa dengu lake. M'pofunika kudziwa kuti chidwiwaya akhwangwala anawona koyamba.

Kuti mumvetse bwino luso la mbalame - kuyesa komaliza. Mbalameyi idayikidwa m'bokosi lomwe lili ndi bokosi laling'ono momwe mudali chidutswa chachikulu cha nyama yokoma. Pafupi pake panali chojambula chachiwiri chomwe chinali ndi ndodo yayitali komanso wand yaying'ono. Zinali zosatheka kuchotsa nyamayo m'bokosimo ndi ndodo yaying'ono. Khwangwala Sindinaganize za vutoli kwa nthawi yayitali, adatulutsa ndodo yayikulu ndi ndodo yaying'ono ndikudya nyama yake!

Ndipo izi sizokhudza kuthawa. Khwangwala amatha kuwerengera pasadakhale zochita za ena ndikuyenera kusintha zawo. Chizolowezi cha khwangwala kumatauni chimadziwika bwino kwambiri kwa ambiri. Izi, ndizachidziwikire, nyama zina zambiri zitha kuchita. Koma akhwangwala anapita mu luso la miyeso ndi zowongoletsa zochulukirapo. Khwangwala wina akafuna kubisa zinazake, pali anthu angapo achidwi pomwepo. Kenako yoyamba, ikubisala, imayeserera kuti yabisa kenakake, ndipo nthawi imeneyo imabisa ubwino wake pachifuwa chake pakati pa nthenga. Ndipo imawulukira mwachangu kumalo ena. Owona mwachangu amazindikira miseche yotere, nthawi yomweyo amasiya kukhala ndi chidwi ndi malo a "maliro" ndikutsatira "chuma" chenicheni. Mitundu iyi, mipikisano yochitira chiwembu ikhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndikufikira kuposa kale lonse.

Ma Ravens adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo anthropogenic. Amadziwa kuti mtedza wobera umaponyedwa bwino phula. Komanso, amaponyera mtedza osati pansi, komanso pansi pa tayala la magalimoto. Komanso, werengani kuthamanga kwagalimoto. Ndipo pomwepo amadziwa kuti ndizotheka kutola mtedza wosweka pokhapokha pounikira kofiyira, kuti magalimoto amakhala ndi zoopsa, kuphatikiza pazinthu zina zakunja.

Komabe akhwangwala Dziwani bwino kuti mutha kupeza chakudya kuchokera kuzitini zotayira. Koma nthawi zambiri matanki amatsekedwa mwamphamvu, koma zomwe zili mkati zimapezeka pambuyo pofika antchito ndikuzaza matola zinyalala. Chifukwa chake makwangwala amakumbukira bwino magawo ndi njira za zida zotere ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito izi.

- Pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya akhwangwala okhala ndi kusiyana pang'ono kukula kwake kapena malo okhala.

-Khungu limakhala lakuda, nthawi zambiri ndimtambo wamtambo. Pakasungunuka, nthenga zimayamba kupindika.

- Makungubwi amakhala ndi iris yofiirira yakuda ndi imvi.

- Khwangwala amapanga banja limodzi moyo wonse. Pofikira nyama yolusa, abambo amatha kudzipereka kuti apulumutse wokwatirana ndi anapiye.

- Akazi a Raven ndi osankha posankha bwenzi ndipo amayang'ana mikhalidwe kapena zina mwa iwo.
Wosankhidwa wabwino azitha kupatsa "banja" ndikukhala anzeru mokwanira. Amuna amachita chilichonse kuti akope chidwi cha akazi kwa iwo: malupu akufa, kuwuluka mozungulira pansi ndi zina zamagetsi.

- Makoswe ndi amodzi mwa mbalame anzeru kwambiri. Amawonetsedwa ngati "opanga" ndipo amatha kuzindikira vuto ndikuwathetsa bwino komanso mwachangu, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zonse zomwe zimachita chilichonse poyesa zolakwika.

- Khwangwala amatola chakudya ndikubisala m'malo obisalirako. Akhwangwala ena amatha kuzindikira chinsinsi ichi ndi kulanda.

- akhwangwala akauluka m'gulu, adani awo amayesetsa kuti asayandikire.

- Khwangwala amathanso kubera "alendo" obisala, komanso nyama zina. Mwachitsanzo ankhandwe, mimbulu.

- Khwangwala amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimakonda kusewera komanso zolakwika. Amakonda kuthamangitsa amphaka ndi agalu, kukoka michira yawo ndi makutu awo. M'malo otentha kwambiri, akhwangwala amakonda kukwera chipale chofewa kapena kuwakankhira kuchokera padenga la odutsa.

"Makoko amaoneka ngati zopondera zaimfa." Izi ndichifukwa choti chakudya chomwe amawakonda ndi zovomerezeka.

- Mu nthano za ku China, Egypt, Greek ndi Semitic, khwangwala ndiye mthenga wamkuntho. Ku Sweden, ndi nthumwi za mizukwa ya anthu omwe anaphedwa.

-Mulungu wa ku Scandinavia Odin amadziwa kusandukira khwangwala

Tawonani, ndi mbalame yanji yomwe ingachite izi? !!