Mdziko la nsomba za aquarium, pali omwe omwe, mosiyana ndi lingaliro lakusowa kwa malingaliro apadera, amatha kuwonetsa mikhalidwe yawo, mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe awo. Zachidziwikire, mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba umakhala ndi zake zapadera. Koma pali ena okhala m'madzi am'madzi omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ambiri. Chimodzi mwa nsomba izi zakuthambo.
Zakuthambo mwachilengedwe
Monga banja la ma cichlids, nyenyezi yoyambirira ya nyenyezi ndi nsomba zamtchire. Koma, monga mitundu ina, kuyamikira kukongola kwake, okonda ichthyofauna amapangidwa astronotus aquarium wokhala. Malo obadwira zakuthambo ndi South America, Amazon, Parana, Paraguay, Negro. Pambuyo pake, adamubweretsa ku China, Florida, Australia, komwe adayamikiridwa bwino.
Iyi ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, yotalika masentimita 35 mpaka 40 kuthengo (mu aquarium, imakula mpaka 25 cm), chifukwa chake kudziko lakwawo imawoneka kuti yamalonda. Nyama ya Astronotus imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Thupi la nsombalo limasunthidwa pang'ono kuchokera kumbali, zowongoka mawonekedwe ndi mutu waukulu ndi maso owala. Zipsepse ndizitali, zazikulu kukula.
Ma Astronotuse mu aquarium
Kuyatsa chithunzi cha astronotus Mutha kuwona kuti nsomba ndi "yamtundu", Mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri am'madzi, ndipo poyang'ana koyamba imawoneka ngati nsomba wamba.
Koma, utoto wa ma astronotus umapangitsa kuti ukhale wokongola kwambiri. Mtundu wa anthu osiyanasiyana umasiyana ndipo zimatengera mitundu. Mbiri yayikulu imatha kukhala imvi ndipo imasiyana ndi yakuda. Kukongola kwakukulu kwa zakuthambo kumaperekedwa ndi mikwingwirima kapena mawanga ake, ogawidwa mwachisawawa pathupi.
Mtundu wa malo awa ndi wachikasu-lalanje. Nthawi zina, kufupi ndi mchira, pamakhala malo ozungulira, omwe amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi diso, chifukwa chake choyambirira - ocular - chimawonjezeredwa ku dzina la astronotus. Amuna amakhala ndi utoto kwambiri kuposa wamkazi zakuthambo.
Nsombayo ikakonzeka kutuluka, khungu lake lalikulu limakhala lakuda, mpaka kuda, ndipo mawanga ndi mikwingwirima zimasanduka zofiira. Mwambiri, zakuthambo zonse, zonse zakutchire komanso zodziwika bwino, zimasintha mtundu mosavuta ndi kusintha kwakuthwa - nsomba imakhala yowala kwambiri pakuvutikira kulikonse: kaya ndi nkhondo yomwe ikubwera, chitetezo cha gawo kapena china chilichonse.
Mu chithunzichi, cosular astronotus
Ndi mtundu wa nsomba, munthu amathanso kudziwa zaka zake - achinyamata sanapangidwe utoto kwambiri, ndipo mikwingwirima ili yoyera. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yazachilengedwe, mitundu ya hybrid tsopano yachulukitsidwa: nyalugwe wamatsenga (dzina lina ndi Oscar), ofiira (pafupifupi ofiira kwathunthu, opanda mawanga), chophimba (ziphuphu zazitali zokongola), albino (nsomba zoyera zokhala ndi ma splashes ofiira ndi maso apinki), ndi ena ambiri.
Zomwe amasunga nsomba za astronotus
At zinthu zakuthambo mu aquarium, zina ziyenera kuchitika. Chofunikira choyamba chikhale kukula kwa nyumba yawo - kutengera ndi kukula kwa nsomba zomwezo, ndikofunikira kupatsa ma nyenyezi angapo okhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi malo osachepera 250-400 malita.
Mu chithunzi, albino astronotus
Izi nsomba sizosankha kwenikweni pamadzi, kutentha kumatha kukhala 20-30 C⁰, acidity 6-8 pH, kuuma pafupifupi 23⁰. Apanso, poyang'ana kukula kwa nsomba'zi, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi zambiri amafunika kusintha madzi - asinthe mpaka 30% ya voliyumu sabata iliyonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyika fyuluta yabwino kwambiri kuti zonyansa za nsomba zisamayike madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zakuthambo zimakonda kusokoneza ma aquarium - kukoka miyala, kusolola udzu, kusuntha zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana ndi zida.
Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kukana zidziwitso zazing'ono, apo ayi muyenera kuti muzisonkhanitsa nthawi zonse kuzungulira Aquarium ndikuziyika. M'malo dothi, mutha kuyika mabwalo akuluakulu angapo osalala pansi, ikani algae osakula koma oyandama, zida zimakhala zokhazikika. Ndikofunika kusiya zodzikongoletsera zakuthwa ndi kudula, popeza nsomba, nditayambiranso kukonzanso, zitha kuvulala.
Mu chithunzichi, tiger astronotus
Chofunikira china chokhala ngati aquarium ndikuti chikufunika kukhala ndi chivindikiro. Popeza zakuthambo zimathamanga m'madzi, ndikufunafuna china kapena munthu, atha kudumphira pansi ndikutha pansi.
Chimodzi mwazosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa kwa mwini wake nsomba zakuthambo Chodabwitsa ndichakuti nsomba izi zimatha kukumbukira mwini wake, kusambira m'manja ndikusangalatsa kukantha.
Ngati munthu ali pafupi ndi malo am'madzi, ndiye kuti nsomba iyi, mosiyana ndi ena, imatha kutsatira zomwe mwiniwake akuchita, ngati kuti ali ndi chidwi ndi zochitika zake. Kuchita mwanzeru kumeneku kumakopa kwambiri akatswiri am'madzi. Zowona, muyenera kudyetsa ndi manja anu mosamala, monga momwe nsomba ingalume.
Kugwirizana kwa Astronotus ndi nsomba zina
Choyamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti zakuthambo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, kotero simungathe kuziyika mu aquarium imodzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimapita mofulumira kuti zikagwidwe. Zoyenera, muyenera kugawa malo okhala ndi magulu awiri azakuthambo. Kupanda kutero, ngakhale kukhala pakati pa abale awo, nsomba zimatha kuyamba kuchita misonkho, makamaka munyengo yotulutsa.
Ngati muli ndi aquarium yayikulu (kuchokera pa malita 1000) yomwe muli nayo, mutha kukhala ndi ma astronotuse ndi ma cichlids ena osagwirizana, mwachitsanzo, geophaguses. Makina akuluakulu a haracin amatha kuwonongeka. Astronotus yogwirizana ndi othandizira pang'ono, amakhala bwino, pambali pake, nsomba zamkati zimatsuka pambuyo pa omwe amakonda kubereka nsomba zazikulu.
Koma, titayambitsa dera loyandikana nalo, malamulo angapo ayenera kuwonedwa. Chachikulu ndikuyambitsa zakuthambo zam'madzi mu aquarium pambuyo poti mizu yolumikizira imayamba pang'ono. Pansi muyenera kuyika nthambi za tirigu, kuyika maloko kapena zokongoletsa zina momwe mphaka zitha kubisala pangozi.
Simuyenera kuyika nsomba zam'madzi zomwezo zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti m'madzi muyamba kuyeretsa, ndipo simudzayenera kudyetsa a Antsistrus pokhapokha, chifukwa adzakhala ndi zotsalira zokwanira patebulo la masters la zakuthambo.
Chakudya cha Astronotus
Mwachilengedwe, ma astronotuse amadya mosiyanasiyana - zomera ndi nyama zomwe zimasungidwa. Tizilombo touluka, mphutsi, nyongolotsi, ma tadpoles, amphibians ochepa ndi ma invertebrates, nsomba zazing'ono, zooplankton, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera.
Mu malo osungirako zinyama, amatha kudyetsedwa ndi ma fumbi, ma nyongolotsi am'madzi, zidutswa za nyama (makamaka nyama yam'mimba), zitini, ziwala, nyama zaufa, zikho za nsomba (makamaka m'madzi, momwe nsomba za mumtsinje zimatha kudwala ndi majeremusi owopsa), shrimps, pellets chakudya chamagulu, granular ndi piritsi chakudya. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera mkate wopanda bulauni, masamba owola, ndi masamba obiriwira ku chakudya.
Mu chithunzichi, nyenyezi yodziphimba
Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana nthawi zonse komanso moyenera. Simungathe kupereka mafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa simungathe kupewa mavuto ndi m'mimba. Komanso waluso chisamaliro cha wa mu chombo Zimatanthawuza masiku osala kudya, ndipo safunikiranso kudyetsedwa mopitilira kamodzi patsiku.
Kuberekanso komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa nyenyezi
Ma Astronotuses amayamba kuchulukana mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa nsomba bwino kuti zifike mofulumira kukula kwa masentimita 11 mpaka 12 ndikukula msanga. Ngati muli ndi gulu la nsomba, ndiye kuti nsomba zomwe zagawikazo zigawika pawiri ndikuyamba kukhala pagawo lililonse mu aquarium, lomwe lidzatetezedwe kwa oyandikana nawo. Awiriwo atha kuyikidwamo ikusungidwa m'madzi oyambira ndikuyamba kuyambitsa kuwunduka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha komanso kusintha kwa madzi pafupipafupi.
Makolo akumtsogolo nthawi yomweyo asanathenso kusintha kwambiri ndikukhala kowala kwambiri, ovipositor achikazi amawonekera, ndipo amayikira mazira 500-1500 pamwala woyeretsedwa bwino kapena malo ena aliwonse.
Mazira amatha kusiyidwa ndi makolo osamala, kapena kusinthidwa kumalo ena apadera am'madzi, kudzisamalira nokha. Pakatha maola 50, mphutsi zimayamba kuswa, zomwe zimayamba kukhala tsiku lachinayi. Kudyetsa kumayamba ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, pang'onopang'ono kusamukira ku chakudya chokulirapo.
Ana amakula kale mpaka masentimita atatu pamwezi. Pazaka zopambana zotere, mwachangu amatha kugulitsa kapena kugawa. Mtengo wa Astronotus zimasiyana malinga ndi kukula, choncho nsomba mpaka masentimita 5 zimagula pafupifupi ma ruble 500, ndipo zazikulu kwambiri, pafupifupi masentimita 20, zilipo kale kakhumi.
Ma Astronotuse amabala mwakufuna kwawo, pafupifupi pamwezi. Koma mchaka ndichofunika kutenga nthawi yopuma kwa miyezi iwiri. Mpaka zaka 10, nsomba zimatha kubereka, ndipo zimakhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera mpaka zaka 15.
Mawonekedwe
Astronotus ndi cichlid wamkulu yemwe mwachilengedwe amakula mpaka masentimita 45 (ndipo amalemera mpaka 1.5 kg). Kukula kwa anthu am'madzi kumadalira kuchuluka komwe kuli, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosachepera - 25-30 cm.
Nsomba imakhala ndi chowundana, pambuyo pake choponderezedwa thupi. Zipsepazo ndi zazikulu, penapake. M ziphuphu za anal ndi dorsal zimalumikizidwa ndi mchira; Caudal womaliza.
Mutu ndi wokulirapo, mzere wotsogola ndi wozungulira. Pakamwa pamakhala zocheperako, milomo yake ndi minofu, ndipo mano ang'onoang'ono amapezeka mkamwa. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimatipatsa chilombo cholusa.
Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, wokhala ndi malo owoneka osiyana a utoto wofiirira. Nthawi zina amawapanga ngati mizere yoyimirira, yofanana ndi mtundu wa kambuku, pomwe nsomba imalandira dzina lake. Pansi pa mchira pali malo akuda omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa chingwe cha lalanje.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, michere ya ana aang'ono ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi utoto kuchokera kwa achikulire. Masamba awo siwofiyira, koma oyera. Mitundu yosiyanayi imawoneka yokongola kwambiri. Kuyerekeza zogonana sikunafotokozeredwe. Masiku ano, mitundu ingapo ya kubereka yapezeka yomwe imasiyana maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a thupi.
Ma Astronotuses ndi am'mazana azam'madzi am'madzi. M'malo abwino, nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi zaka 15.
Zoyenera kumangidwa
Ngati nyenyezi ikukhala m'nyumba mwanu, zimakhala zovuta kukhalabe aukhondo padziwe. Wopanda biofilter wakunja amakhala wokuthandizani. Adzayeretsa bwino madzi am'madzi ammonia, omwe amadzaza m'madzi, komanso catfish yayikulu, yomwe idzasangalale ndi chakudya chonse cha anansi ake. Ma Astronotuse amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusowa kwa mpweya, choncho samalani kwambiri ndi kusefukira kwa madzi.
Ndikokwanira kuti musinthe gawo limodzi lachitatu la madzi kamodzi pa sabata kuti nsomba zanu zikhale zadongosolo. Ma Astronotuses salekerera madzi ozizira. Kuti mupewe ziweto zanu kuti zisadwale, sungani kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium mkati mwa 23 -27 ° C.
Dyetsani ma cichlid ndi zidutswa za nsomba zokhazokha kapena zowundana kapena nsomba zazing'ono zingapo kangapo patsiku. Astronotus amakonda kwambiri chakudya, kuti asamudyetse, mpatseni chakudya chochuluka momwe angadyere m'mphindi ziwiri. Mutha kukonzanso masiku osala kudya. Monga adani onse, zakuthambo monga nyama yaiwisi, chiwindi cha ng'ombe ndi mtima.
Amadya nyamayi, mankhusu ndi nkhono, nyongolotsi, komanso nyongolotsi za magazi, ntchentche ndi ziwala. Ngati mulibe mwayi wogula nyama, mutha kudyetsa zakuthambo ndi zakudya zapadera zama cyclides. Okonda nsomba ambiri amaphikira chakudya chamtsogolo, kwinaku akuwasunga osungidwa mufiriji.
Kudyetsa Astronotus
Zakudya zachilengedwe za zakuthambo zimaphatikizapo nsomba zazing'ono, tizilombo, mphutsi, algae. Mtunduwu ndi wadyera, motero nsomba ziyenera kupeza mitundu yambiri yamapuloteni apamwamba.
Mwa chakudya cham'madzi, kudyetsa zakuthambo ndi nsomba, ng'ombe zam'madzi, zopondera pamtunda, ngakhale chakudya champhaka chouma chimakonda kuchitidwa. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kudyetsa Oscars ndi nyama ya nyama yamafuta ofunda (ng'ombe). Izi ndichifukwa choti nsomba zilibe ma enzymes oyenera kugaya nyama iyi. Komanso, mchitidwewu umabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuwonda kwa ziwalo zamkati. Aliyense wa invertebrates agwidwa zachilengedwe (earthworms, crickets) atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka matenda ndi majeremusi. Amayipitsanso madzi am'madzi, omwe amatha kukhala owopsa posunga nsomba zazikuluzikulu izi. Pomaliza, zakudya zonse izi ndizapulogalamu zokha ndipo siziganizira kufunika kwa nsomba muzakudya zina.
Chifukwa chake, pakudyetsa zakuthambo, ndibwino kuti mukhale pazakudya zopanda bwino za ma cichlid, mwachitsanzo, mzere wa Tetra Cichlid.
Ubwino wamadyetsowa ndikuwonekeratu: ali ndi mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri, okhala ndi zoperewera zonse, ali ndi mavitamini ndi michere yofunika. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotetezeka kwathunthu;
Chakudya chimasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula kwa nsomba.
Mitengo ya Tetra Cichlid (XL) ndi akatswiri akulu akulu azakutsogolo. Ndodo zimayandama pamadzi ndipo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, zimakhala ngati chakudya chachilengedwe cha nsomba zazikulu, kwinaku zikukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi zamankhwala pakudya mapuloteni.
Kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe owala bwinopi la nsomba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha Tetra Cichlid Colour mu mawonekedwe a mipira yokhala ndi ma carotenoids achilengedwe.
Ma astronotuses ang'onoang'ono amatha kutsimikizira ma Tetra Cichlid Granules kapena ma flakes amitundu yonse ya Tetra Cichlid XL Flakes cichlids.
Ma Astronotuse amakonda kudya kwambiri, chifukwa kamodzi pa sabata nsomba zimafunikira "kusala" tsiku.
Kugwirizana
Mwina wina anganene kuti: “Zingatheke bwanji? Ndili ndi ma aster asanu omwe ndimakhala ndi ma cichlids ena, komanso ndi pterigoplicht! " Inde, inde, ndizotheka kukola ziwalo zazikulu za banja kapena nsomba zina zomwe sizingakhumudwitse openda nyenyezi. Koma pamenepa, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti tsiku lina ndewu iyamba. Monga lamulo, mphindi yotereyi imachitika nthawi ya kutha msambo komanso nthawi yoterera. Ma Astronotuses ndi nsomba zaukali kwambiri. Kupsa mtima kwawo, zingwe zawo sizilola kuti azisungidwa ndi nsomba zina. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mkwiyo wanthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, lingaliro loyenera likhale kusunga ma nyenyezi angapo mu aquarium ya mitundu ina.
Zachidziwikire kuti zakuthambo sizigwirizana ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso zazikulu. Amawona nsomba za golide ngati zotsekera pachakudya.
Ponena za kuphatikiza, ziyeneranso kunenedwa kuti zam'mlengalenga, ngakhale ndi mbewu zovuta kwambiri, ndizovuta. Monga lingaliro, mutha kulangiza kukongoletsa aquarium Anubias,cryptocorynes, echinodorus.
Zosiyanasiyana
Ma astronotus agawidwa m'mitundu, momwe muli zitatu zazikulu izi: tiger, red astronotus ndi albino mitundu. Pamaziko a mitundu yayikuluyi, mitundu yatsopano, monga mandimu, golide ndi chikasu, imawonekeranso podutsa. Mitundu ya alubino imakhalanso yotulutsa.
Ma astronotus ali ndi utoto wamtambo wokhala ndi rasipiberi kapena mawanga a lalanje pa thupi la imvi. Albino ali ndi maso ofiira motsutsana ndi thupi loyera lomwe limatulutsa zofiira.
Ntchito yosankha yomwe imatchedwa "Astronotus Red Oscar" imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira a njerwa yakuthengo yokhala ndi zipsepi zakuda ndipo imawerengedwa ngati imodzi mwazithunzi zokongola kwambiri zakuthambo. Oscar wofiyayo adakhala wodziwika chifukwa cha mtundu wofiirira, mtunduwu umawoneka wochititsa chidwi m'madzi, kusambira modabwitsa mkati mwake.
Ma veron astus, omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zazitali zokongola, ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso okongola. Chifukwa cha ntchito ykuswana, Mitundu yatsopano, monga ma buluu ndi ma walcos Oscars, idadulidwa.
Matenda
Ngakhale atakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kukana matenda, ayenera kusamala ndikupewa matenda poyambira chitukuko. Oopsa kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana monga hexamitosis, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zilonda zam'mimba ndi mutu wa nsomba. Komanso matenda ena amtundu, fungal ndi parasitic. Zikatero, nsombazo amazidulira kuti zizipatula ndikumazisamalira, ndipo m'madzi ambiri momwe mumakhala zokongoletsera mumakhala mankhwala ophera majeremusi.
Matenda monga kunenepa kwambiri, kusowa kwa mavitamini, embolism ya mpweya ndi kupsinjika amawonedwa ngati opatsirana.