Alimi a nkhumba osadziwa bwino mtundu wa mangalitsa amtundu wa Hungary amataya kwambiri. Mukakulitsa mtundu wa nyama, zimapambana nkhumba zoyambira, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri, kulemera, kupatsa mphamvu.
Zolemba za mtundu wa Hungary mangalitsa
Wotchidwa ku Hungary mangalitsa kovuta kusokoneza wina aliyense. Tsitsi lalitali komanso lopindika limatengera thupi lamphamvu, ngati mwana wa nkhosa. Chifukwa amadutsa nkhumba zakutchire komanso nkhumba yoweta, mtunduwo udakhala wolimba.
Amatha nthawi yozizira panja kozizira kwambiri. Nyama zimakonda kudya zonse zomwe zimapezeka kubusa: kutchetcha udzu, mizu, zipatso, nsomba, nkhono, masamba aliwonse, masamba a maungu.
Ndi utoto wamtambo, mtunduwo umagawidwa m'magulu angapo: oyera, ofiira, akuda, osakanikirana. Pakati pawo, peresenti yayikulu imakhala ndi oyimira mitundu yoyera.
Masamba ofiira ndi akuda atsala pang'ono kutha. Madera odzipereka akuyesetsa kukulitsa mitundu yachilengedwe kuti ichulukane. Chifukwa chake, kugulitsa kwawo ndikosaloledwa.
Mu chithunzichi, nkhumba imaberekera mangalits aku Hungary
Ngati timakambirana nyama ya ku Hungary brazier, ndiye imapambana pamiyeso ya nkhumba zosavuta. Ndilo gawo la "zokoma". Kusasinthika kwa nyama kumakhala kofewa, yowutsa mudyo, chifukwa cha zomwe mafuta ochepa matupi, ngakhale mu tendloin.
Pakuphika, chimasungunuka, chomwe chimafotokozera mawonekedwe ake osakhwima komanso owutsa mudyo. Pankhani ya kukoma, nyama ilibe kukoma kokha, ili ndi zakudya, popeza ilibe cholesterol. Imakonzedwa ndi kumizidwa mosavuta ndi thupi, chifukwa cha zinthu zina zofunika kuzitsatira.
Nyama yokhala ndi mawonekedwe otere imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza "jamon Spanish". Mtengo wa chinthu chomwe chili likulu la Russia ndiwotsimikizira kuti ma ruble 16,800 pa kilogalamu, koma mutha kulipeza m'masitolo amodzi.
Kufotokozera za mtundu wa Hungary mangalitsa
Malinga ndi mitundu yakunja nkhumba hungarian mangalitsa kudziwa mphamvu, nyonga, thanzi, bwino. Pa chithunzi hungarian mangalitsa yowonetsedwa nthawi yozizira, tsitsi lake litakhala lalitali komanso lopotana.
M'chilimwe, limafupikitsika ndikuwongola. Mtundu wa chovalalachi umasinthanso ndikutuluka kwa chilimwe - imakhala chikasu cha bulauni. Zonse chifukwa khungu limakhala lakuda. M'chilimwe, chimawoneka bwino pansi pa tsitsi lowongoka, zikuwoneka kuti zasintha mtundu. Kusenda pansi pa zinthu zabwino kumachitika mu April. Pokhala ndi chakudya chochepa, ubweya umachedwa.
Ngati nkhumba yokhala ndi tsitsi lopindika imakumana ndi chilimwe, izi ndiye opanda, koma kuphatikiza. Ichi ndi chizindikiro china cha mitundu yosakhala bwino. Nthawi zina mtundu uwu umatchedwa ChiHungary downy brazierkoma onse ndi a brazier yoyera.
Kutengera mawonekedwe a chivundikirocho, titha kunena kuti nyama ndizolimba. Za Kuphatikiza Mangalits aku Hungary imatha kuweruzidwa ndi wathanzi lamphamvu. Chowongoka ngakhale kumbuyo komwe chikuwonetsa mafupa opangidwa bwino, amphamvu, okhala ndi kutalika kwapakatikati.
Zoyerekeza za achikulire pazaka zapakati zimalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 160, wazaka ziwiri wazaka 300. Mbiri ya mutu imapindika pang'ono, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu. Miyendo ndi yolimba, yolunjika.
Khalidwe la mtundu wowerengeka bwino ndi makutu. Maonekedwe awo ndi owongoka, koma pang'ono pansi. Chofunikira pakuwonekera makutu ndi banga lakuda pakati, pafupi ndi mutu. Amatchedwa "Wellman Spot" wa mainchesi pafupifupi pafupifupi 3-5 cm.
Zina zomwe zimangokhala zanyama zokha. Awa ndi ziwalo za thupi zopaka utoto wakuda kapena utoto. Matumba a nkhumba, mchira kuchokera mkati, ziboda, chigamba, maso, pakamwa, eyelashes zikuphatikizidwa pano.
Chonde chinyama ndi mbali zonse ziwiri zodyera komanso kusowa kwake. Sangakhale ndi ana opitilira 6 mchaka choyamba ndi 10 pazaka zotsatira, ngati asayansi akuvutika ndi vutoli. Chojambula chachiwiri ndi mkaka wochepa, koma ma nipples amagawidwa chimodzimodzi. Zomwe zimapangitsa kudyetsa nkhumba zonse nthawi imodzi.
Kusamalira ndikusamalira mangalitsa waku Hungary
- Konzani malo oti muzisunga nthawi yozizira komanso yotentha nkhumba hungarian mangalitsa. Ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito chosonkhetsa madzi kuti nyama zisavutike ndi nthunzi ya mkodzo. Ngakhale, amatha nthawi yozizira pamsewu, koma zinthu zabwino zitha kuwonjezera zipatso.
- Sankhani nsanja yoyenda. Malo osambira mpweya amalimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira, chimalimbikitsa kukula. Kusakhalapo kwawo kumakwiyitsa matenda a rickets. Ngati musintha zakudya zanu poyenda, piglets hungarian mangalitsa athe kuleka. Izi zipulumutsa eni akewo kuyeretsa kosafunikira.
- Monthinthira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwezi.
- Kubweretsa nyama mlengalenga nthawi yozizira kuti izipewa zinthu zofunikira ngati zimakhala m'nyumba. Nkhumba zimachotsa ma virus omwe amafa pamtunda wa zero-zero.
- Wonaninso chinyezi, chizolowezi chake ndi 70%.
- Osachotsa kukonzekera, kugona m'chipindacho.
- Tsukani zakudya zatsuka mukamaliza kudya.
- Lowetsani munthawi yake, ngakhale alimi a nkhumba aluso aganiza motere. Popeza mtundu umagwirizana ndi matenda.
- Yendetsani pazaka 30 ngati nkhumba zimakhalira nyama, mafuta anyama. Choyimira chomaliza chimachotsa fungo loipa.
- Mutha kugulitsa ziweto zazing'ono kuposa kale mwezi umodzi, pomwe asintha kuti adye zokha.
Onani zakudya:
- Akuluakulu amadyetsa katatu patsiku, ngati ali m'nyumba.
- nkhumba zazing'ono mpaka miyezi 3 - 5,
- nyama zazing'ono mpaka miyezi 5 - 4.
Kudyetsa nkhumba yatsopano:
- Kwa masiku angapo (masiku atatu) mwana amadya matumbo a amayi okhaokha,
- kuzolowera madzi pakatha masiku atatu amoyo,
- kudyetsa (patsiku la 5) zowonjezera zowonjezera mchere, mkaka wa ng'ombe,
- Pa tsiku la 7, bweretsani chimanga chamadzimadzi, udzu kuchokera ku nyemba, ufa wamfupa, dongo lofiira, mchere,
- udzu wobiriwira momwe mungakhalire, chakudya chamadzulo pambuyo masiku 15,
- Pazaka 1 zakubadwa, nkhumba zimayamba kudya masamba ndi zipatso zokha. Pazaka izi, kulumikizana kwa ana kumasowa, ayenera kuyamwa kuyamwa kuchokera kwa mayi.
Ndikofunika kutengapo gawo kwa alimi a nkhumba a novice, kuyambitsa zowonjezera zonse zazing'ono. Nyama zazikuluzikulu ndizosowa zakudya, zimakonda kudya zotsalazo kuchokera ku zokolola, kutafuna udzu, kudzikondweretsa ndi ma acorn, osanyoza algae. Musaiwale kuti michere yofunika, michere, mavitamini ndi ofunikiranso kwa iwo.
Ana a nkhumba amakonda kaloti otsekemera, beets, kachilomboka ka beet, mbatata zosaphika. Osati zoyipa iwo amalimbana ndi chimanga. Koma chachikulu chikhalidwe cholondola Zambiri zam'madzi aku Hungary, kupezeka kwa chosungira.
Mtengo ndi kuwunika
Mitundu ya ma Piglets yaku Hungary imaleredwa pamtunda waukulu ku Austria ndi Hungary. Kugulitsa kwa Hungary mangalitsa kutumiza kunja kuchokera kumayiko ndi koletsedwa. Koma pazifukwa zina, amakhalabe pamsika wapakhomo, ndipo kugula hungary mangalitsa zimapambana.
Ngati mungayang'ane pamasamba, mutha kupeza alimi ambiri a nkhumba amateur omwe akufuna kugulitsa mtundu wodziwika bwino monga nyama kapena nyama yaying'ono. Mtengo wa brazier waku Hungary munthu m'modzi mwezi wazaka 1 zimasiyana ma ruble 15,000 ndi kupitilira.
Mutha kumva zambiri ndemanga zaWaku Hungary brazier. Mtunduwo udapeza zowunikira zabwino chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Amakhulupirira kuti ndikosavuta kukhala ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino, amakhala odzichepetsa pakudya, mikhalidwe yomangidwa. Malinga ndi iwo, ngati mukubzala mtunduwo ngati bizinesi, ndiye kuyika ndalama koyenera. Koma popeza Mitundu yoyera sinasoweke pano, mutha kugula wosakanizidwa.
Kusiyanako kuli motere: Kukula kwachichepere kumayenera kukhala kokha kwamtali mpaka mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti mtundu umasintha. Chinthu chinanso cha mtundu wowoneka bwino ndi mzere woyamba mpaka kumapeto 6, ndipo wachiwiri mpaka 10. Ngati alipo, ndiye wosakanizidwa.
Nyama zimapeza kulemera koyenera pokhazokha mpaka 200 kg m'miyezi 14, koma ngati muphatikiza mbatata, chimanga, barele muzakudya, njirayi imathandizira, ndipo kulemera uku kumatha kupezeka ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Mtundu wosowa kwambiri m'zigawo zathu ndi wofunikira, motero palibe mavuto akwaniritsa. Chifukwa chake phindu. Upangiri kwa alimi a nkhumba odziwa ntchito ndikugula achinyamata m'mafamu omwe atsimikiziridwa, kuwunika koyenera komanso ulamuliro.
Mawonekedwe
Nkhumba za Mangalica ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake oyamba. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa mtunduwu ndi kupezeka kwa ubweya ndi malo otchedwa "Wellman malo" omwe ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5-6 cm, omwe ali m'mphepete mwa khutu lamanja.
Bzalani ndikuyika nkhumba yatsopano ya mtundu wa mangalitsa waku Hungary
Amadziwitsidwa mwangozi mu 1833 podutsa nkhumba zakuthengo ndi nkhumba zakuthengo. Chifukwa cha izi, nkhumba zimasokoneza mangalitsa zimadziwika ndi kukana kwakuchuluka kwa nyengo yozizira, kufulumira kwa kulemera komanso kupirira.
Oyimira mitunduyi ali ndi kukula kwamkati mwa thupi ndi thupi lamphamvu, lamphamvu. Khalidwe lodziwika bwino la ma mangalits ndikuthekanso kwa kusintha mtundu wa malaya kutengera ndi momwe amasungidwira ndi kudya. Mitundu ya tsitsili imatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa matalala oyera kukhala amtundu wakuda komanso abulauni. Khungu lakufesa ndi nkhumba zimatulutsa bwino, zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Nipples on the body ndi wakuda kapena imvi.
Masabata 1-2 mutagula ndikupita kumalo atsopano, nkhumba zimatha kutsindikizidwa, ndiye kuti mtundu wake uzikhala woyera. Nyamayi ikazolowera komanso kuzolowera, mtundu wake imayamba kuda kwambiri.
Pakupita kwa chaka, mawonekedwe a chovalacho amatha kusintha - nthawi yozizira nkhumba zimayamba kuluka ndi tsitsi lakuthwa, ndikutuluka kwa chilimwe, ndikungotsala pang'ono komanso kolimba. M'miyezi yotentha, nyamayi imakhala ndi utoto wakuda kwambiri. Pomwe silidyetsedwa bwino, kapena kusamalidwa, njira yosungunuka imatha kupitilira kwakanthawi.
Ma Hungary mangalitsa chilimwe
Mutu wa brazier ndi wofanana ndi kukula kwa thupi, ndipo nsonga ya pomwepo imakuta pang'ono m'mwamba. Msana uyenera kupindika pang'ono, kapena kuwongoka. Ma Auricles a sing'anga kukula, mtsogolo. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya ma brazier amaoneka ngati nsidze zakuda, maso ndi ma eyelaso, komanso lingwe loyera loyera kumaso kwa mchira. Zofesa sizikhala ndi nipple zoposa 10.
Mikhalidwe yobereka:
- Ubweya wonenepa kwambiri, wowonda, kapena wopindika,
- Khungu loyera kapena loyera pamimba
- Kuperewera kwa Malo a Wellman
- Tsitsi lakuda pamakutu,
- Malangizo oyera pa ubweya.
Pali mitundu inayi ikulu ya utoto wa nkhumba za ku Hungary: zoyera, zakuda, zofiira komanso zosakanikirana. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu woyera wa mkanjowu, ndipo wofiira komanso wosakanikirana sadziwika kwambiri pakati pa obereketsa ziweto. Mtundu wakuda wa barbecue ndi wosowa kwambiri mnyumbamo ndipo watsala pang'ono kutayika.
Mtundu wofiira wa Mangalitsa
Makhalidwe obadwa
Nyama izi ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo sizimaganizira nyengo zoyipa. Kulemera kwakukulu komwe nguluwe kumadzafika pamoyo kungakhale 250-270 kg. Zofesa zimakhala ndi zazikulu zazing'ono ndi zolemera, kulemera kwake zimafikira makilogalamu 230-250.
Kuti boar ikhale ndi minofu yambiri komanso mafuta ambiri, iyenera kutayidwa pambuyo poyambira miyezi iwiri ndi kubadwa.
Ubwino wina wosasinthika ndikolemera msanga mwakukula kwambiri. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, piglets za mtundu wa brazier zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 150 mpaka 170.
Bzalani ndikukula nkhumba za mangalitsa zaku Hungary
Nyama ya omwe akuyimira mtundu wa brazier amaonedwa kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri, amatha kugaya mosavuta m'thupi ndipo amakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhudzika kwapadera ndi uchere, ndipo imawoneka ngati nsangalabwi.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yotuta nyama ya mangalits ndi kuyanika. Mukamaphika, chimakhala chosiririka kwenikweni.
Chifukwa cha chovala chofiyira chachikulu komanso chobiriwira, chimatha kukhala chotseguka chaka chonse. Amakhala opanda chidwi pakusintha kwa kutentha ndi nyengo iliyonse.
Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ubweya ku Mangalits amatha kusungidwa chaka chonse cholembera
Ngati nkhumba zikukhala m'nyumba nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti ubweya wawo sukula m'mbuyo.
Kudyetsa Zinthu
Kudyetsa Akuluakulu
Mtundu wa nkhumba ndi ma Hungary mangalits omnivore. Mndandanda wazomwe amakonda kwambiri umaphatikizapo dzungu, beet zamkati, mbatata, chimanga, koma amatha kudya masamba aliwonse. Amakhala osazindikira kwambiri, kotero chakudya cha zakudya zawo chimatha kukhala zinyalala, mizu, udzu, udzu, mabango ngakhalenso algae. Kuti chinyama chizikhala chathanzi, chimayenera kuperekedwa moyenera ndikulemera ndi michere ndi mavitamini: mbewu za mizu, bagasse, mbatata, beets zamafuta, mbewu ndi nyemba.
Ndikofunika kuti musamamwe nyama mopitilira muyeso, chifukwa imatha kudwala komanso kufa msanga. Mwayi wawukulu wa braziers ndi kulemera kwakukulu tsiku ndi tsiku - 600-700 magalamu, ngakhale ndi zakudya zochepa.
Kudyetsa nkhumba
Pakatha sabata, mutha kuyamba kudyetsa nkhumba zatsopano za brazier ndi chinangwa chothira madzi, kapena barele wokazinga. Monga chowonjezera china cha mchere, mutha kupatsa mchere wa lick, ufa wamfupa, choko, kapena dongo lofiira. Nyama zazing'ono zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala chakudya cholimba patatha mwezi umodzi kuchokera pakubadwa. Ophunzira okhwima bwino amalimbikitsa kuti asayimitse ma ponytails. Mutha kuyamba kugulitsa mukangotula nkhumba za ku Hungary downy mangalitsy switch kuti zithetse chakudya chabwino.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ana a piglets a ku Hungary Mangalica obereketsa asaletse michira
Malangizo pakukula bwino
- Kuwapatsa nyama malo akuluakulu oyenda ndi mwayi woweta msipu - iwonso apeza chakudya,
- Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, mavitamini ndi michere,
- Kupezeka kwa cholembera komwe nkhumba zimatha kubisala mvula kapena mphepo,
- Kupezeka kwamadzi atsopano,
- M'malo mochotsa zinyalala zodetsa ndi zoyera.
Mitundu Yokhutira
Mtundu Wokhutira | Chotseka | Tsegulani | Zosakanizidwa |
---|---|---|---|
Kufotokozera | Nyama zikukhala pachikondwerero chaka chonse popanda kuthekera kokuyenda | Mahangoni amayenda momasuka m'mundawo, amapeza chakudya chawo, ndipo zikafika nyengo yolakwika amapita kukayenda | M'nyengo yozizira, nkhumba zimakhala m'khola. Ndipo m'chilimwe - ufulu wopanda |
Zabwino | Kutha kusamalira bwino ziweto | Mitundu yachilengedwe kwambiri yazinyama, ziweto zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zathanzi. | Mtundu woyenera kwambiri wosunga nyama zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri |
zoyipa | Zokolola zankhondo zidzakhala 90% mafuta | Kufunika koyang'anira mosamala thanzi la nkhumba, muziwadyetsa pafupipafupi | Ayi |
Ndi mtundu wotseguka ndi wosakaniza wosunga, ndikofunikira kupatsa nyamazo udzu, kapena udzu, komwe zimabisala nyengo.
Mimba komanso kubereka
Nkhumba za kanyumba kanyenyezi zimakhala zokhwima pakugonana ndipo ndizoyenera kubereka ana osakwana miyezi isanu. Koma pakadali pano, thupi la nkhumba lidakali lofooka, limasowa michere yokwanira, mavitamini ndi michere.
Achichepere aku Hungary amodzi amadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chawo chapadera.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitika nyama yomwe yafika chaka chimodzi chokha ndipo munthawi imeneyi idatha kulemera kwambiri makilogalamu 100. Pokhapokha ngati izi, nkhumba imatha kubereka ndi kubereka ana athanzi. Ma Hungary mangalitsa estrus amapezeka pafupifupi nthawi imodzi pamwezi.Pafupifupi masiku 5 ataletsedwa kuyamwa, ayambiranso kuyenda.
Makanda amtundu wamtundu waku Hungary mangalits pobadwa ali ndi utoto
Kubereka kwa nkhumba kumatenga masiku pafupifupi 110-120, njira yopitilira patali imatha kuchitika popanda kusokonezedwa ndi kunja. Achichepere aku Hungary amodzi amadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chawo chapadera. Pa mtondo woyamba, chiberekero sichimaberekanso ana opitilira 6-7, komabe, nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka mpaka 10 mpaka 14 mu zinyalala chimodzi. Mitundu yamtundu wa brazier imabadwa yamizere, ndipo kenako imakhala ndi utoto womwe umakonda bwino mtunduwo.
Nguluwe yolimba komanso nkhumba sizingachitike kwa oyimira mitundu ina, izi zimasokoneza machitidwe awo obala.
Zabwino ndi zovuta za mtundu
Ubwino wa mtundu:
- Kupirira m'malo ovuta kwambiri
- Kutha kukhala kunja
- Kuchepa kwa chakudya,
- Ndalama zochepa kudyetsa
- Kulemera msanga - kwa theka la chaka mpaka osachepera makilogalamu 150,
- Nyama yokoma ndi kukoma kwake kwapadera,
- Kukula msanga
- Kukongola kwakukulu.
Zoyipa za mtundu:
- Zodabwitsa zaku Hungary ndizosowa,
- Mtengo wa ma piglets umayamba pa 15,000,
- Akachulukitsidwa, amatha kufa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu
Mtunduwo umagawidwa m'magulu anayi.
Mitundu imasiyana mumtundu ndi kulemera:
- Swallow. Abusa adawoloka brazier yoyera ndi mtundu wa sirmium. Nkhumba zimakhala ndi mitundu yosakanikirana. Kumbuyo ndi mmbali zimakutidwa zakuda. Mtundu woyera utoto wa nsagwada kuchokera pansi ndi m'mimba, nthawi zina pamakhala timiyala ta siliva kapena imvi. Nyama zidayalidwa kum'mwera kwa Croatia. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa obereketsa, zaka zana zapitazo, kumeza kunali kutsogolera kulemera poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, inali ndi mtundu wakuda. Pakadali pano, miyeso imakhala yofanana ndi ma brazi oyera, mthunzi wa chovalacho ukusinthidwa. Pakati pa mitundu ya anthu aku Hungary, kumeza ndiye kouma kwambiri.
- White Brazier - lembetsa pakufunidwa. Mtundu wake ndi woyera (kwenikweni imvi, chikaso, chikasu). Hue zimatengera mtundu wa dothi komanso chisamaliro.
- Red brazier zolengedwa m'malo oyandikana ndi Romania. Abusa anagwiritsa ntchito brazier yoyera komanso mtundu wakale wa ku Hungary wotchedwa Szalontai pakuwoloka. Mtundu waukulu kwambiri pakati pa mabungwe atuluka. Mtundu wa bristles ndi wofiirira wakuda.
- Wopanda brazier taganizirani mtundu womwe watsala pang'ono kufa. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda.
Zimaphatikiza mitundu yonse ya ubweya wopotapota, mtundu wakuda wamabowo achilengedwe, gawo lotsikira mchira, chigamba, ziboda, nsonga zamphongo, malo a Velman pansi pa khutu.
Makhalidwe akulu
Tidzafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zabwino ndi zabwino za mtundu zomwe zalembedwayo ndikuyamba ndi mikhalidwe yayikulu:
Parameti | Khalidwe |
Chinyama | Nkhumba |
Kuswana | Mangalitsa (Mangal) |
Mtundu wopatsa | Zonona |
Kulemera kwamasiku akulu | Nguluwe pafupifupi makilogalamu 160-200, boar - 250-300 kg (okwera mpaka 450-500 kg) |
Kutha kwa nkhumba | 10-12 miyezi |
Angapo mimba | 4-5 piglets mu mzere woyamba, ndi wotsatira - mpaka 9 |
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu | Choyera, chofiira, kumeza |
Chokwanira | Choyera: khungu la chikasu (chikasu), chofiyira: chofiirira chakuda (chofiirira), kumeza: kuphatikiza (kwakuda ndi yoyera kapena yoyera) |
Khazikitsani moyo wazaka zonse zofika chaka chimodzi | 140-170 kg (kutengera chakudya) |
Kupindula kwatsiku ndi tsiku | Mpaka 800 g (pambuyo pa miyezi 6) |
Mtundu wamafuta | Nguluwe yapamwamba kwambiri ("marble") |
Kunenepa Kwambiri | Kufikira 5 cm (pofika miyezi 8), pafupi masentimita 10 (pofika chaka) |
Kukaniza matenda | Kutetemera kwakukulu |
Kulembetsa ku State Record of the Russian Federation | Osaphatikizidwa |
White Braziers
Amasiyanitsa mitundu yoyera ya ku Hungary mangalitsa. Kukula kwa chinyama kuli pafupifupi, mafupa ndi mphamvu. Khungu limakhala ndi utoto, wamtambo wakuda.
White Brazier
Zomangira zake ndizitali, zowonda komanso zopindika. Chapakatikati, ndikukonza moyenera, kuyembeka kumayamba. Zovala za Chilimwe ndizosowa komanso zazifupi.Mawonekedwe a utoto amawoneka bwino, amapatsa tsitsi la bulauni. Miyendo ndi yotsika, m'mimba ndiyambiri.
Kutseguka kwachilengedwe, mphuno ndi ziboda zamtundu wapadziko lapansi.Makutu amayang'ana kutsogolo ndipo ndi ang'ono kukula. Maso, nsidze ndi maso ali ndi tint lapansi. Pyatak watembenuka, pafupifupi mutu wapamwamba. Ziphuphu khumi zimagawidwa mbali zam'mimba m'mizere iwiri. Kumbuyo ndikoterera kapena kowongoka. Kutha msinkhu ndi kusasinthika kwa thupi kwa achinyamata kumachitika mu miyezi 10-12.
Mbiri yakale
Mangalits adabadwa ku Hungary chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 chifukwa kudutsa ku Mediterranean, koyambirira kwa Serbia, kudabereka Sumadia ndi nyama zamtchire, zamtchire (panthawiyo) zamtundu wa Carpathians, mitundu ya nkhumba. Ntchito yosankha yachitika kuyambira mu 1830 pafamu ya Archduke Joseph, yemwe adakhazikitsa ntchito yopeza nyama zothandiza - zomwe zikukula mwachangu komanso zochulukitsa, pomwe zimasinthidwa mikhalidwe yovuta komanso kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ubwino wa mtunduwu udayamikiridwa mwachangu, ndipo mu 1833 lidakhazikitsidwa lamulo loletsa kuphatikizana kwa ma braziers ndi mitundu ina. Nyama ndi mafuta anyama ambiri a nkhumba za ku Hungary, zomwe alimi amadya ndi magulu osuntha amtchire, anali ndi kukoma kwapadera ndipo zinali zofunika kwambiri ku Europe konse. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, kuchuluka kwa ziweto kudagwa kwambiri, ndipo nkhumba zodumphirazi zidatsala pang'ono kutha.
Tsopano, osati okhawo aku Hungary, komanso akatswiri aku Germany, America, Britain ndi Ukraine akutenga nawo mbali pantchito yobwezeretsa mtundu womwewo. Mangalits amathandizidwanso m'mafamu osiyana aku Russia, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi makanema omwe alembedwa pansipa.
Maofiyira ofiira ndi akuda
Anthu aku Hungary ofiira ndi akuda atsala pang'ono kutha. Zogulitsa kwa anthu pawokha, mtunduwo ndi woletsedwa. Akatswiri akuyesera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuthambo. Mitundu yofiyira ndi yakuda yomwe inabadwa kwambiri.
Zinthu zikhalidwe zimakonzedwa ku nyama: lardo, homon, salami. Pomalizidwa, mafuta a cholesterol ndi 30% ochepa poyerekeza ndi ena amtundu wina.
Zinthu ndi magawo a mtunduwo
Kusiyana kwakunja kwa ma braziers ndiko kukhuthala, koma kukhudza pang'ono, tsitsi lalitali, kupindika m'mphete. Pamaziko awa Amatchedwanso kuti Hungary downy, curly kapena ngakhale nkhosa-nkhumba (nkhumba ya nkhosa).
Mwa anthu omwe amasungidwa ndi nkhumba zosamalidwa bwino ndikulandila chakudya chochuluka, kufunika kwa ubweya kumachotsedwa ndipo iwo kwenikweni amakhala “dazi”, kukhala ofanana ndi nkhumba wamba. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, ubweya umakula ndipo umakhala wokulirapo nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, ndipo kusungunuka kwakanthawi kumawonedwa mchaka. Kenako, kudzera mu zidutswa zotsalira pakhungu lakumbuyo, mikwingwirima yakuda imawonekera bwino, kuwonetsa ubale wa omwe akuimira ichi ndi ma nkhumba zakuthengo.
Swallow
Mitundu yoyera imatsimikizika ndi maonekedwe. Kumbuyo ndikuda ndipo m'mimba mwayera. Mtundu wakuda ulipo pa nipples, ziboda, mabowo achilengedwe.
Nyama zili ndi nzeru zambiri. Alimi amazindikira kuti atayenda 3 kubusa, ziweto zimangobwerera zokha. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa. Anthu ena amasunga nkhumba kunyumba.
Mitundu yomwe ilipo
Malinga ndi mtundu wa malaya (suti), lero Mitundu itatu ya ma braziers, omwe amafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'mabuku oswana ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi oyera. Onsewa ali ndi khungu, khungu lakuda lakuda, komanso kutseguka kwa thupi, kupumira pamphuno, maso, nsidze ndi eyelas, pakamwa, nsapato ndi ziboda zakuda.Chochititsa chidwi chachikulu cha nkhumba zosapsa zamtunduwu ndizomwe zimatchedwa "Wellman Malo" (3-5 cm mulifupi), zomwe zimatha kuwoneka pamphepete khutu.
Poyamba, panali mitundu yambiri, koma yakuda, nkhandwe ndi zakuthengo zinatsala pang'ono kutayika ndipo pakadali pano kubwezeretsa kwawo kumawoneka kovuta ngakhale kwa akatswiri.
Kodi kusamalira mtundu waku Hungary?
Mangalits sikuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomangidwa.M'chilimwe, nkhumba zimakhala ndi denga. Adzawateteza ku dzuwa lotentha.
Ng'ombe zamasiku onse zimatumizidwa kubusa, osachepetsa njira yamadzi. Mtundu woyela bwino umakonda kusambira. Ana a nkhumba amamwa madzi oyera, motero amafunika kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kudyetsa kuyenera kukhala kochuluka. Kuchulukitsa kumavulaza kudya kwambiri, makamaka kukula kwa achinyamata.
M'nyengo yozizira, amakonza khola, lozungulira lokhala ndi mawu. Sungani nyama zouma, zosintha munthawi yake, muzitsuka zodyera ndi mbale zomwera.
2 pachaka perekani mankhwala ochepetsa nsabwe, nsungu. Magulu opangira nyama amawotchera nthawi. Mafangasi amachotsedwa nkhumba zatsopano kuti zisavulaze nkhumba.
Choyera
Chotchuka kwambiri komanso chofala kwambiri (pafupifupi 80% ya zoweta zonse) zoyera pazokhazokha, zili ndi malamulo okhazikika, mafupa olimba koma amphamvu kwambiri (mafupa).
Ngakhale dzina, mtundu wa ubweya mu nkhumba izi ndi waimvi, wachikaso, komanso wamaso achikasu, womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuphatika kwa chakudya ndi mchere wa dothi m'mabusa.
Kodi kudyetsa mangalitsa achi Hungary?
M'chilimwe, ng'ombe zimapatsidwanso chakudya cham'munda. Amagula ndizochepa, kuwonjezera mavitamini, mchere, kufufuza zinthu. Mwini aliyense ali ndi dimba lomwe masamba ake amalimidwa. Amatsukidwa, kuwiritsa mafuta asanagwire. Carrion woyenera wazipatso, khungwa la mitengo, duckweed, udzu waminda
Woolly Piglets Omnivores
M'nyengo yoziziranthumwi za mtundu sangasiye chimanga, zipatso, udzu, chinangwa, chinangwa, zinyalala za chakudya. Mutha kuwapatsanso mkate wa tirigu, wochotsa, chinangwa, mafupa.
Uphungu! Ana a nkhumba sayenera kuzolowera machitidwe osankhidwa. Amazolowera ndipo amakana zakudya zosavuta mpaka atapeza zakudya zabwino.
Kuswana nkhumba yokhotakhota
Kwa kuswana nthawi zambiri mumapeza ma braziers. Mimbulu imalemera msanga. Pofika chaka chimodzi amakhala ndi nguluwe. Mu pigsty amakonzera chipinda cha mtsogolo banja. Pambuyo potuluka, nkhumba imasamutsidwa ndi ana. Msipu waletsedwa, ziweto zimasungidwa m'khola.
Zakudya zophatikizika ndi kuwonjezera kwa primex zimaperekedwa ngati chakudya. Miyezi 1.5 yoyambirira, ana amadya mkaka wa amayi. Kudyetsa ana amayamba kupereka pambuyo masiku 7. Konzani wodyetsa wosiyana ndi chiberekero, konzani barele wokazinga ndi phala lamadzimadzi.
Choko, chakudya chamfupa chimayambitsidwa muzakudya. Dongo lofiira limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mchere. Pakadutsa mwezi umodzi, zakudya zosakanikirana ndi zosafunika za udzu, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi udzu zimawonjezeredwa pachakudyacho. Pang'onopang'ono, achinyamata adazolowera kuyenda mumsewu.
Kufiyira
Nthambi inanso yochokera ku zoyera zoyera idadutsa ndi mtundu wakale wa ku Hungary Szalontai. Kukula ndi kulemera kwamoyo, nkhumba zofiira ndizapamwamba kuposa mitundu ina ya mtundu. Amachulukanso msanga ndipo amakhala ndi zochulukirapo.
Tsitsi la nkhumba zotere limakhala ndi mthunzi wofiyira kapena wamtambo (wopepuka).
Zaumoyo za ku Mangalits ku Hungary
Magulu olimba osatetemera ochokera kwa makolo amtchire. Nkhumba sizifuna katemera. Nyama zazing'ono sizigulitsidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Wofesa amabweretsa nkhumba pamsewu pomwe.
Ngakhale kuti mtunduwo ndi wolimba, kusamalira kumangokulitsa thanzi. Mukamayandikira farow, samalani zinyalala zowuma zambiri. Kutentha kwapakatikati sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa +14 ° С. Pambuyo potuluka, zinyalala zimachotsedwa ndipo zotsala zimasesedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, pigsty yochokera m'matabwa amateteza nyama ku mphepo yozizira.
Mapira amavutika ndi helminths ndi nsabwe. Kusamalira majeremusi pafupipafupi kumathandizira kwambiri kuweta kwa ng'ombe. Ngati muli ndi matenda, funsani akatswiri. Kuthandizira pa nthawi yake
Miyezo yobadwira
Ma braziers amadziwika ndi chingwe chakumbuyo chowongoka kapena chopindika pang'ono, chifuwa chachikulu, mutu wochepa womwe umakhota pang'ono m'mwamba komanso makutu apakatikati moyang'ana kutsogolo. Pansi pamchira ndi wandiweyani, ngayaye kumapeto kwake ndi yoyera, ndipo yakuda mkati.
Zolakwika zosavomerezekazimaganiziridwa:
- mawanga oyera oyera pakhungu (mitundu yonse),
- Zizindikiro kapena chofundira,
- nsonga zapinki
- ziboda zachikasu (kapena chikaso chamtambo),
- ngayaye yoyera kwathunthu kapena yofiyira kumapeto kwa mchira,
- maso opepuka a bulauni (ofiira ofiira).
Akuluakulu amafikira kulemera kwenikweni 160-200 (nkhumba) ndi 250-300 kg (nkhumba zakuthengo), mpaka mpaka 450-500 kg. Kukula kwakukulu ndi kulemera kwake ndizochepa, pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ma piglets amalemera pafupifupi 60-70 kg. Munthu sangathenso kutcha "wochenjera" komanso mtundu wowerengeka: Kukula kwacinyamata kumafika pakutha msinkhu wazaka za 10-12 ndi kumapeto woyamba wofesa amabweretsa 4-5 nkhumba, ndi yotsatira - 6-9. Kukwatirana kwachilengedwe nthawi zambiri sikuti kumabweretsa mavuto, ndikulowerereka movomerezeka, malinga ndi obereketsa ziweto, ana ndi ocheperachepera 30 mpaka 40%. Malingaliro a amayi mu braziers amafotokozedwa mwamphamvu, nthawi zonse pamakhala mkaka wokwanira kudya, amasamala ana awo: kukana, kufalitsa, kuphwanya kapena kudya sikumawonedwa.
Farrow, monga lamulo, limadutsa motetezeka ngakhale pabwalo, popanda chithandizo chamankhwala akatswiri ndipo nthawi zambiri palibe munthu amene angachite nawo. Komabe, nkhumba zokhala ndi pakati zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisinthidwe kukhala zofunikira kuchipinda ndi kutentha kwa 14-15 ℃, kuti ziwapatse zinyalala zoyera. Pakutalika kwambiri komanso masiku oyamba mwana atabadwa, zazikazi zimakonda kulimbana ndi nkhumba zina zazikululi ndipo zimakwiya kwambiri ndi anthu, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala nawo.
Kulephera kwamwala
Opanga ma brazi ali ndi zilema zosafunikira komanso zovomerezeka.
Makhalidwe osafunikira akunja:
- Mimba yamitengo,
- kusowa kwa nkhumba,
- nsonga zazithunzi za khofi,
- tsitsi lakuda pamakutu
- malaya olimba kapena owonda
- makutu akulu kapena makutu ang'onoang'ono.
Zovuta zosavomerezeka:
- nsonga zamitundu
- ziboda osati zakuda
- mawanga owala pa kofi kapena mithunzi yakuda
- khungu limakutidwa ndi mawanga oyera.
Zowonongeka zimagwira ntchito pazofotokozera zonse.
Malangizo odyetsa ndi kusamalira
Mtunduwo udapangidwa kuti ukhale wamafuta ndipo umafanana ndi mtundu uwu: Pofika zaka zisanu ndi zinayi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, ma mumps amawonjezera mafuta oyenera (mpaka 5 cm), mwa nkhumba zazikulu mpaka 10c. Komabe, chidwi chachikulu kwa makasitomala ndi nyama yamtengo wapatali wa manganese. Chifukwa cha zakudya zachilengedwe komanso moyo wokangalika, zigawo zoonda zamafuta zimapangidwa mmenemo, zomwe zimapanga kusangalatsa. Ikasungidwa m'malo ochepa (khola) komanso kudya mopambanitsa, nyama zimasambira mwachangu ndi mafuta, ndipo phindu lalikulu la nyama limatayika. Chifukwa chake, kuswana kwawo pamakampani azinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'malo oswana nkhumba kumawonedwa ngati kosayenera.
Zopanda zopanda pake ndi kuthekera kwa zakudya zachilengedwe pakudya msipu, makamaka m'malo amtchire, msipu wachilengedwe (udzu, mizu ndi zipatso za mbewu, nyama zazing'ono) komanso kupezeka kwa madzi akumwa kumawoneka ngati koyenera kwambiri ku barbecue. Zachidziwikire, kulemera kwa msipu kumachedwa. Kuti achepetse njirayi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudyetsa nkhumba ndi chinangwa.
Pakapanda mwayi wa msipu, chakudya chamchengochi chizikhala 70% kuchokera ku udzu ndi zakudya zabwino komanso 30% kuchokera ku zakudyazomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- Makukha (mpendadzuwa kapena soya) - 15%,
- tirigu wosalala - 40%,
- chimanga - 20%,
- tirigu - 10%,
- chinangwa - 10%,
- nyama ndi fupa / nsomba chakudya - 5%.
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhumba zimadyetsedwa udzu ndi mbewu za muzu. Ndi chakudya chotere Nyama zimalemera mpaka 140-170 kg za kulemera kwamphamvu pofika chaka. Pazakudya zokhazokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta a chimanga ndi mbatata, ma mangalits amakula msanga (mpaka makilogalamu 190-200 pofika zaka 12), koma nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumawonjezeka m'chiwerengero cha nyama, ndipo peresenti ya zokolola za nyama ndi kukoma zimachepa kwambiri, zimatayika " kapangidwe ka "marble".
Anzanu a ku manganese a ku Hungary adalera, ndikuyamba kuweta nyama ali ndi zaka 12-18, akudya msipu wokhawokha. Kuti mupeze mafuta ochulukirapo mkati mwakatha chaka chimodzi, barele limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, kenako chimanga chinawonjezeredwa, ndipo pamapeto omaliza chimangoperekedwa chimanga kapena mbatata.
Malinga ndi alimi, kuti zopindulitsa zazikulu Omasulira akuphatikizapo:
- Kuchepetsa chisamaliro ndi kukonza. Chaka chonse amatha kukhala m'mabusa otseguka ndikudzipatsa okha chakudya. Kwa nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti aziwapatsa malo okhala osakhalitsa m'makola, ndikuyika thumba la udzu kapena udzu pamenepo.
- Palibe chifukwa chodulira mtengo.
- Zodekha komanso kukana kupsinjika.
- Kutemera kwambiri ku matenda wamba a nkhumba zoweta, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopanda katemera ndi pafupipafupi foni ya veterinarian. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuchita pafupipafupi mankhwala othandizira antiparasitic (ochokera ku helminth ndi majeremusi akunja).
Mangalits amalingalira kwambiri kulonjeza zoweta ku Russia ndi maiko ena pambuyo pa Soviet. Nkhumba za mtundu uwu zimapereka phindu labwino chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso zabwino kwambiri zamalonda a nyama, zomwe zimadziwika bwino ndi ukhondo wa chilengedwe.
Ndemanga za obereketsa
Nikolay, wazaka 51, dera la Gomel
Ndakhala ndikuchita ziwonetsero kwa zaka 5. Tsopano ndili ndi zolinga 20. Chakudyacho chimakhala chosasangalatsa. Ndimawadyetsa ndi khitchini ndi zinyalala za tirigu, clover, alfalfa, Yerusalemu artichoke kwa miyezi 8-10. Mitembo imapezeka pa 100-110 kg, nyama, kupita ngati makeke otentha.
Igor, wazaka 39, Ternopol
Chifukwa cha ubweya, nkhumba izi ndizosavomerezeka kwambiri, zolimba komanso zosasamala. Nyama yankhumba yambiri komanso yaubweya ndiwathanzi kuposa mitundu ina yoweta. Ili ndi cholesterol yocheperako, komanso ma asidi osaphatikizika ndi mavitamini ambiri. Anapita kwa iwo ku Hungary. Pamenepo, pafamuyo, ndinayang'ana momwe amawasungira. Zomwe zimadyetsedwa, muma corrals mumsewu - anyamata ndi atsikana mosiyana. Zosungiramo ana zimakhalanso kuthengo, koma zofesazo zisanakhazikitsidwe m'nyumba zosiyidwa ndi pulani yomangidwa ndi matabwa a OSB. Chachikulu ndikuti popanda kunyowa komanso kukonzekera. Kunali nyengo yozizira ndipo, ngakhale kunali chisanu pansi pa 30 madigiri, nkhumba za masiku atatuzo zimathamangitsa amayiwo pabwalo. Mwa kudyetsa: phala ndi mbatata zophika, zomwe timapatsa nkhumba zina, izi sizidya. Ndi chisangalalo amatafuna masamba osaphika (kabichi, beets, dzungu), udzu, barele.
Nadezhda, wazaka 46, Dera la Moscow
Zimawoneka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira yodzala ndi tsitsi lakoterera ndipo limakhala labwino ngakhale nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, simungathe kuwadyetsa nkomwe (kupatula ofesa), amadya udzu wambiri, ndipo nthawi yachisanu. Nyama yankhumba ndi yapadera - simungathe kudula, koma kufalitsa mkate. Nyama kulawa ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi bwino kwa nkhumba zoyera wamba, komanso makamaka pazomwe zimagulitsidwa m'misika komanso kumsika.
Kanema
Oyang'anira ziweto ku Russia ochokera kudera la Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk ndi Perm amagawana zomwe adakumana nazo pakukula kwa manganese mu makanema otsatirawa:
Kwa zaka zingapo amagwira ntchito ngati mkonzi wa pulogalamu yapa kanema wawayilesi ndi omwe amapanga zida zokongoletsera ku Ukraine.M'dzikomo, amakonda kukolola zamtundu uliwonse wa ntchito zaulimi, koma chifukwa cha izi amakhala wokonzeka kumera udzu, kuwaza, kutsina, madzi, kumanga, kuwonda, etc. Ndikukhulupirira kuti masamba ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri ndizopangidwa ndi manja!
Mwapeza cholakwika? Sankhani lembalo ndi mbewa ndikusindikiza:
Ku Denmark yaying'ono, malo aliwonse ndiosangalatsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, wamaluwa am'deralo adasinthana ndikulima masamba atsopano m'matumba, zikwama zazikulu, mabokosi anyumba zodzazidwa ndi osakaniza apadera a dothi. Njira ngati za agrotechnical zimakupatsani mwayi woti mulandire mbewu ngakhale kunyumba.
Zatsopano kwa omwe akutukula ku US ndi loboti la Tertill, lomwe limamera namsongole m'munda. Chipangizocho chinapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi a John Downes (wopanga zotsukira maloboti) ndipo amagwira ntchito pawokha munthawi zonse nyengo, akuyenda mosagwirizana pamayendedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, amadula mbewu zonse pansi pa 3 cm ndi chopukutira chomanga.
Mapulogalamu oyenerera a Android adapangidwa kuti athandize wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa. Choyambirira, ndikufesa (mwezi, maluwa, ndi zina), makalendala, magazini okongoletsa, zopereka za malangizo othandiza. Ndi thandizo lawo, mutha kusankha tsiku labwino kubzala mtundu uliwonse wa mbewu, kudziwa nthawi yakucha ndi kututa kwakanthawi.
Ma poizoni achilengedwe amapezeka muzomera zambiri, ndipo masamba omwe amapezeka m'minda ndi m'minda yamasamba ndiwonso. Chifukwa chake, m'mafupa a maapulo, ma apricots, mapichesi pali hydrocyanic (cyanide-hydrogen) acid, ndipo pamwamba ndi peel ya nightshade wosapsa (mbatata, biringanya, tomato) - solanine. Koma musachite mantha: chiwerengero chawo ndi chochepa kwambiri.
Kuchokera pa tomato wamitundu yosiyanasiyana mutha kupeza "zanu" nthangala zakufesa chaka chamawa (ngati mitunduyo inkakonda kwambiri). Koma sizingathandize kuchita izi ndi zina zosakanizidwa: mbewuzo zidzapezedwa, koma azinyamula zinthu zobadwa nazo osati za mbewu zomwe adatengedwa, koma za "makolo" ake ambiri.
Njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yokonzera mbewu yabwino masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso ndi kuzizira. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kuzizira kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopindulitsa mu zakudya zamasamba. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, asayansi adapeza kuti palibe kutsika kwamtengo wazakudya panthawi yozizira.
Mitundu ya "sitirigu osazizira" ya mtundu wina wa sitiroberi (nthawi zambiri imangokhala "sitiroberi") imafunikiranso pobisalira monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana (makamaka m'malo omwe mumakhala nyengo yachisanu kapena chisanu osinthana ndi thaw). Masamba onse ali ndi mizu yopanda tanthauzo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti popanda pogona iwo amawuma. Chitsimikizo cha ogulitsa kuti sitiroberi wamtchire ndi "chosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu", "cholimba nthawi yachisanu", "chimalekerera chisanu mpaka −35 ℃", ndi zina zotere. Wamaluwa ayenera kukumbukira kuti palibe amene wakwanitsa kusintha mizu ya sitiroberi.
Tomato alibe chitetezo chachilengedwe ku ngozi yoyipa. Ngati vuto lakachedwa kugundana, tomato aliyense amafa (ndi mbatata nazonso), ziribe kanthu zomwe zanenedwera pakufotokozedwa kwa mitundu ("mitundu yothana ndi choipitsitsa" ndikungogulitsa).
Humus - zowola manyowa kapena ndowe za mbalame. Amakonza motere: manyowa adamuunjikana mulu kapena mulu, wophatikizidwa ndi utuchi, peat ndi dothi la m'munda. Burt imakutidwa ndi kanema kuti kukhazikitse kutentha ndi chinyezi (izi ndizofunikira kuwonjezera ntchito ya tizilombo). Feteleza "wakucha" mkati mwa zaka 2-5 - kutengera nyengo zakunja ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zovalazo. Kutulutsa ndikutulutsa kachulukidwe kokhala ndi fungo labwino la dziko lapansi latsopano.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Hungary Mangalica
Mangalitsa aku Hungary odziwika kwa obereketsa nkhumba mwa mawonekedwe a ziweto zodziwika kwazaka zambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtundu uwu watchulidwa mu 1833, pomwe abwana aku Hungary a Josef adatha kuwoloka nkhumba zoweta komanso zakutchire.Zotsatira zake zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zoyenera kubereka ana kunyumba, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu watsopano wa nkhumba zoweta - a Hungary mangalitsa.
Ndidali mtundu uwu womwe unali wopanda ulemu kwa zikhalidwe zomwe adamangidwa, amatha kudya msipu ngati makolo awo amtchire ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapatsa nyama yokoma komanso yowutsa mudyo. Ubwino wina womwe umasiyanitsa nkhumba ndikutha kulekerera nyengo yozizira komanso ozizira kwambiri m'malo akunja.
Kodi mbawala yaku Hungary imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Hungary downy brazier
Mu vivo, mangalitsa waku Hungary samapezeka mwachilengedwe. Uwu ndi mtundu wamba wa nkhumba. Posunga ndi kubereka kunyumba, zofunikira zochepa zidzafunika. Sakufuna nkhokwe kapena chipinda chotenthetsera. Chifukwa cha chovala chamkati ndi undercoat, nyama zimalekerera kuzizira komanso chisanu.
Zoyenera kusunga nyama:
- malo aulere. Chofunika ndicho kupezeka kwa malo aulere. Mwanjira yabwino, perekani nkhumba pakuyenda m'minda, madambo, zigwa. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndikofunika kuti zingwe ziwetse mpanda ndi khola lomwe akhoza kumayendayenda momasuka,
- udzu wambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimakonda kukumba mu msipu. Zoyenera, muyenera kusamalira kukhalapo kwa nkhumba limodzi ndi khola lotseguka,
- madzi ambiri oyera. Ma mangalitsa a ku Hungary ndi oyera komanso aukhondo, motero amafunika madzi osamba. M'nyengo yotentha yotentha, amafunika kudzipumira m'madzi.
Mukasungidwa m'malo otseguka kapena zolembera, payenera kukhala chotsekeramo momwe mungabisike dzuwa lowawirira kutentha kwa chirimwe. Ngati izi sizinyalanyazidwa, nyamayo imatha kudwala kwambiri. Tsitsi lonyowa limapangitsa kuti nkhumba zizilekerera chisanu komanso kuzizira, koma kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha zimatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri.
Kodi brazier waku Hungary amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Pig Hungary mangalitsa
Chimodzi mwamaubwino amitundu iyi ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Kudyetsa nkhumba sikovuta, chifukwa zimapeza mosavuta kulemera kwa msipu wosavuta. Ha, mbewu zamera zakutchire, ndi mizu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Kuphatikiza pa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:
- masamba abwino ndi masamba: mbatata, rutabaga, beets, zukini, ndi zina zambiri,
- mbewu ndi mbewu. Mangalits amakonda kwambiri chimanga, komanso phala ya chimanga,
- zigamba zamkati
- chakudya,
- zipatso, maapulo, mapeyala,
- mphukira, mizu ndi gawo logawika la mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera, makamaka zakutchire - thundu, nettle, chestnut, etc.,
- anakonza zosakaniza za vitamini ndi zowuma zopangira nkhumba.
Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nyama za chimanga. Zomera zothina ndizosangalatsa kudya. Mukamadya msipu, achule, nkhono, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, komanso mphutsi zimatha kudya. Chofunikira pakubzala nkhumba ndiko kukhalapo kwa madzi oyera ambiri mwa omwe akumwa.
M'nyengo yotentha, m'maiko ambiri kumene mangalitsu aku Hungary amadzazidwa, amangothamangitsidwa kokadyetsa msipu, kumene iwonso amasangalala kutsuka udzu pafupifupi tsiku lonse. Makamaka nyama zabwino zimalemera thupi ngati zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana, zoyenera, zopatsidwa mavitamini ndi michere. Monga zowonjezera zakudya, zimafunikira kusakaniza choko kapena dongo lofiira muzakudya zochepa.
Palibe chifukwa choti nkhumba zatsopano zimadya chakudya chomwe akuluakulu amadya. Kupanda kutero, amakhala oopsa, osagwira ntchito, amatha kugaya chakudya chamagetsi ndipo amatha kufa. Ana a nkhumba, omwe ali ndi masiku 10 mpaka 14, amatha kuyambitsa pang'onopang'ono mu ufa wokazinga pophatikiza choko ndi chakudya chamfupa, komanso phala la barele.
Pakadutsa mwezi umodzi, chakudya chamagulu amayamba kudyetsa, ndipo pa mwezi umodzi ndi theka amachotsedwa kwa mayi ndipo chakudya chimakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Amakhulupilira kuti kuyambira azaka zinayi zokha ma piglets atha kusamutsidwira kwathunthu pachakudya chopanda chiletso kapena zoletsa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mtunduwo
Munthu adayamba kuweta zoweta, malinga ndi asayansi, zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo. Izi zinachitika ku Middle East, malinga ndi zolemba zina - ku China yakale. Ndipo anthu ankachita makamaka chifukwa cha mafuta apamwamba kwambiri omanga thupi komanso nyama yowutsa mudyo.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi izi zidapatsa thupi la munthu osati mchere wambiri, mavitamini, mphamvu yofunikira pamoyo, komanso chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda, monga mankhwala.
Analimbitsa mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, ziwalo zina ndi minofu. Ndipo tsopano pakupanga mafakitale osati nyama ndi mafuta anyama, koma ziputu ndi khungu, komanso mafupa a nyama zowetedwa izi zimagwira ntchito.
Mpaka pano, malinga ndi kuyerekezera, pali mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya nkhumba zoweta padziko lapansi. Ndipo pakati pawo, pali zachilendo komanso zosiyana. Izi zikuphatikiza ChiHungary mangalitsa. Nkhumba Mtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe atypical, owala, osakumbukika. Ndipo ku Europe, nkhumba zotere zimapambana pang'onopang'ono m'mitima ya alimi onse a nkhumba ndipo ndi ena mwa zoyambirira kwambiri.
Choyamba, nkhumba izi ndizodziwika, zomwe ndi amtundu wa tsitsi lalitali, lopotana, lofanana ndi ubweya wa astrakhan, malaya ophimba thupi lawo lonse, omwe adalandira dzina laulere "nkhumba za nkhosa".
Amadziwikanso kuti curly, shaggy, downy andlylyly. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nyama zoterezi sizimangokhala momasuka panthawi yachisanu komanso kuti zimazika mizu bwino m'maiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yankhanza, komanso nyengo yotentha imakhala chitetezo chabwino kwambiri kuzilombo zosasangalatsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma brazi amakhala odziwika ndi mawonekedwe awoawo ngati tsitsi, lomwe limapatsidwa mphamvu yosintha mtundu wake, kutengera nthawi yam'nyengo, komanso zaka, mtundu wa chakudya, zofunikira posamalira nyama izi, komanso mtundu wamtunda womwe zimasungidwa.
Zinthu zonse zakunja za mtunduwu zimawoneka bwino. pa chithunzi cha mangalitsa waku Hungary. Mithunzi ya tsitsi la nkhumba zotere imatha kukhala yofiira chikasu ndipo imasiyanasiyana kuwala, pafupifupi yoyera. Oimira mtundu uwu wa nkhumba amathanso kukhala akuda, abuluzi ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wosakanizika (awa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mameza).
Zowunikiranso:
- kakulidwe kakatikati, kokutidwa ndi bristles lalitali, lalitali, lopepuka,
- mimba yolimba
- Wamphamvu maonekedwe, koma wopepuka
- kusala kwanthawi yayitali ndi chidendene kukwezedwa pamwamba,
- wokulirapo ndi makutu apakati
- mbuyo, mzere womwe umadutsa pomwepo umadontha,
- mchira wokulira ndi ngayaye yoyera.
Ndipo chithumwa cha nkhumba chimaperekedwa ndi mphuno zakuda ndi maso okhala ndi cilia wamkulu wokongola wakuda, yemwe, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe abwino komanso mawonekedwe amtendere kwa munthu, zimawakhudza kwambiri.
Komanso ChiHungary mangalitsa Amakhala ndi khungu lotuwa lakuda, lomwe nthawi zina silikhala yapinki, monga momwe amafunikira. Ziphuphu, zomwe nthawi zambiri siziposa khumi, zimakhala zakuda.
Koma chovala chowala ndi chisa pamakutu a mtundu uwu ndi gawo la zolakwika. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa munthu wosasankhidwa ndi kupezeka kwa malo otchedwa Velman. Chizindikiro ichi kumbuyo kwa khutu chikuwoneka ngati malo otchuka, okhala ndi pigment.
Kubala ndi chisamaliro
Mangalitsa adawerengeredwa zaka pafupifupi 200 zapitazo ku Hungary (monga dzinalo likusonyezera). Wowetchera Josef adayamba kufunafuna nkhumba zoweta zomwe zimalekerera bwino kuzizira, osasamala kukonzanso zakudya.
Ndipo chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwake, adatulutsa mtundu womwe umabala ake ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ochulukirapo a omwe amamuyimira komanso kulekerera kwabwino nyengo iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunduwu umalola mwini wake kulandira nyama yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera, kwapadera komanso kofunika.
Kuti akwaniritse ntchito yomwe inafotokozedwa pamwambapa mu 1833, nkhumba zakutchire ndi nkhumba za mabango zidawoloka ndi Joseph ndi nkhumba zaku Carpathian ndi Mediterranean, zomwe zidapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Kuyambira pamenepo mpaka pakati pa zaka zapitazi amtundu waku Hungary mangalitsa Zinapezeka kuti ndizotchuka kwina kwawo ku Hungary, kupereka nyama yopanda cholesterol ndipo imadziwika bwino ndi thupi la munthu.
Nyama ya Brazier ya ku Hungary
Minofu ya nyama imayamikiridwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa zigawo zamafuta, komanso m'mbale zophikira - mwa juiciness wake wapadera. nyama ya ku Hungary brazier, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana mmalesitilanti osankhika. Koma mafuta anyama ndi nyama yankhumba za nkhumba izi zinali zochulukirapo kale, monga pano, pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ziwetozi sizifunikira chisamaliro chochuluka, ndipo oimira amtunduwu ndi osowa kwambiri, safuna katemera, omwe amangogwira osati kwa omwe amapangidwa, komanso kwa achinyamata.
Koma mikhalidwe yolera nkhumba zotere kuti ikhale yachonde, kubereka ndi kuchuluka tsiku ndi tsiku nyama ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunika zina. Ndipo pokhapokha pazotheka kupeza zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Nkhumba za mtundu uwu zimatha kusungidwa motsekedwa, ndiye kuti, mu nkhumba ndi zolembera. Komabe, zodabwitsa za machitidwe awo, monga, ufulu wa chikondi cha "nkhumba za nkhosa" zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa obereketsa nkhumba kuti zizilera m'khola.
Katundu wofanana, ngakhale theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, lidakhala chimodzi mwazifukwa zakuchepa kwa kutchuka kwa nkhumba zotenthetsa, zomwe zidakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kosawerengeka kwa manambala awo munthawi yomwe idanenedwayo.
Zotsatira zake, mtunduwo udatembenuka pamalo ena osati osowa, koma osowa. Koma masiku ano, kamodzi kugwedezeka, kufunidwa ChiHungary downy brazier Kubwezeretsedwanso chifukwa cha kukana chisanu ndi zipatso za mtundu, chitetezo chokwanira komanso kupirira.
Downy Mangalica waku Hungary
Osati nyama yankhumba ndi mafuta owerengeka a nkhumba izi, koma makamaka abuluzi (jamon) akufunika. Ndiokwera mtengo kuchiritsa zakudya zamafuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kukonza mabisiketi ndi kubweretsa ndalama zochuluka kwa alimi amakono a nkhumba.
Mtunduwu unayambanso kutchuka, kukhala wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pazinthu zina, kuphatikiza pa kufalikira kwakukulu kwa Russia, chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwawo, komwe kumayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi mitundu yosinthidwa ya makolo amtchire.
Komabe, muyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ikasungidwa mu pigsty, khola liyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndipo zinyalala zotentha ziyenera kusinthidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira cholembera. Ndipo kutentha m'chipinda chosungira nyama nthawi yozizira sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 15 ° С.
Kulera ndikothekanso kotseguka. Ndiye kuti, zokhala ndi zinthu zoterezi, nyamazo zimangodya msipu nthawi zonse, ndipo zimangoyikidwa m'misasa nthawi yanthawi yoipa. M'masiku otentha, ma sunshades amafunikanso.
Pokhala mu msipu waulere, ma mangalits ndi chisangalalo chachikulu samangodya udzu ndi ma acorn okha, okondedwa ndi nkhumba zonse, komanso algae omwe ndi othandiza pazinthu zawo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Male Hungary mangalitsa
M'mudzi mwawo ku Hungary, nkhumba izi nthawi zambiri zimatayidwa kumayiko ena pamalo odyetserako ziweto, komwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kupeza msipu wokwanira komanso zotayirira chakudya. Amakondwera kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale namsongole.
Zinthu zosakanikirana ndizofala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nkhumba zimakhala pabusa nthawi yotentha, nthawi yozizira imayendetsedwa mu chipinda chokhazikika komanso chokonzedwa.
Ndikofunika kusakaniza choko chosakanizidwa ndi dongo lofiira mu chakudya chawo, poganizira kuti zakudya zawo ziyenera kukhala zamasamba ndi mavitamini ambiri. Ndi kudya koyenera, kukula kwa nyama mwa aliyense payekhapayokha kungakhale pafupifupi 700 g tsiku lililonse.
Pakadyetsedwa mbatata ndi barele, nthawi zambiri nkhumba zotere zimalemera osati kuthamanga kwambiri. Ndi pafupi zaka khumi zakubadwa ndikudya komweko Ku Hungary mangalits kulemera nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 100 kg.
Koma ndikamadyetsa bwino a tirigu ndi kuphatikiza mafuta, ma hazel, chinangwa, masamba, ma acorn ndi ma chestnuts, komanso zinthu zabwino, chiwerengerochi chimakwera mpaka 150 makilogalamu, ndipo pomatha zaka ziwiri wamkulu amakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi 250 kg kapena kupitilira.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Mitunduyi imadziwikanso chifukwa chonde chodabwitsa. Koma zofesa kumzere woyamba zimapereka ana asanu ndi amodzi, nthawi zina zisanu ndi ziwiri, zomwe sizimaganiziridwa kwambiri. Koma kwa otsatila, kuchuluka kwa nkhumba zatsopano kumakula mpaka khumi, nthawi zina thwelofu.
Mating ChiHungan Manganese
Munthawi ya bere, ana onse, makamaka atatsala pobadwa, azisungidwa nthawi zonse mchipinda chofunda, chowuma, chokhala ndi zida zambiri momwe kumafunikira kuyeretsa pafupipafupi.
Piglets zimaswana m Hungitsa mangalitsa amabadwa ndi mtundu wamtundu wapadera, cholowa ichi kuchokera kwa makolo awo - nkhumba zakuthengo za Carpathian. Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa akhanda, asanagonekere kwa amayi, amatsukidwa ndi udzu.
Piglets imafunikira jakisoni wa prophylactic kuti ikule bwino kuti muchepetse vuto la kuchepa magazi ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chitsulo. Amapangidwa masiku angapo atabadwa.
Pakatha masiku ena awiri, malangizowo amadzidulira tiana kuti matako a amayi asavulazidwe podyetsa. Mabulu ang'onoang'ono osapangidwira kuswana nthawi zambiri amakhala amawonedwa sabata lachiwiri la moyo.
Ana a nkhumba ali ndi mwayi wodyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Ndipo nthawi ngati izi, mbewu imafunikira zakudya zabwino kuti ipezenso mphamvu.
Piglet waku Hungary Brazier
Ndipo pano chimanga ndi barele ndi kuwonjezera kwa chinangwa, tirigu, mpendadzuwa ndi nyama ndi chakudya chamfupa ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. M'chilimwe, ndizofunikira kuwonjezera beets, kaloti, zukini, amadyera ku chakudya cha ku Hungary downy mangalitsa.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi kudyetsa mkaka, nkhumba zazing'ono zimafunikira kudyetsedwa kale. Pakadali pano, sizikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nkhumba ndi chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa ndi amayi awo kuti asavulaze zolengedwa zawo.
Pazovala zapamwamba, ma proxes ophatikiza ndi zitsamba zouma pang'ono ndizoyenera bwino. Koma pakatha milungu iwiri, anawo ayenera kuyambitsa chimanga, tirigu, barele ndi kuwonjezera kwa tirigu ndi choko.
Ndipo miyezi inayi atabadwa, nkhumba zimayamba kudyetsa kwambiri, kuyambitsa udzu, mtedza, ndi zosakaniza zophatikiza muzakudya. Atatha kudyetsa mokwanira, ena mwa iwo amatumizidwa kukaphedwa, ndipo nkhumba zosankhidwa ndizosiyidwa kuti ziziswana.
Zachikazi ndi nkhumba za mangalitsa zaku Hungary
Nthawi zambiri nkhumba imakhala yokonzekera kukhwima koyamba kukhala ndi chaka chimodzi, chomwe chimatengedwa kuti ndi mochedwa ku mitundu ina. Ndipo atakwatirana, wamkazi amatumizidwa kuti akaphedwe kapena kumusiya kuti adzaberekenso, kutengera mtundu wake ndi zosowa zake. Pokhala ndi zabwino, anthu amtunduwu, ngati sanabisidwe ndi omwe adatsogolera kale, amatha kupulumuka zaka 20.
Zabwino ndi zoyipa za kuswana mangalits aku Hungary
Alimi amasankha nkhumba zaubweya chifukwa cha zabwino zawo:
- Sifunika kukonza nyumba. Nkhumba zimalekerera nyengo yachisanu poyera m'malo osungirako zinyalala, kukumba okha malo omangira nyumba.
- Ali ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri ndipo amalimbana ndi matenda. Kukula kwazing'ono sikufuna maantibayotiki.
- Nyama yapamwamba kwambiri.
Zoweta zimatsimikizira zotsatirazi zovuta:
- Mtengo wokwera chifukwa cha anthu ochepa.
- Amatha kudwala majeremusi (helminth, nsabwe), motero, amafunikira chithandizo.
- Kufunika kokayenda pabusa.
- Kuchedwa.
Ngakhale zovuta, kukulitsa kubereka ndi kopindulitsa.
Kodi mukuganiza kuti khwangwala akadyetsedwa, sangadye aliyense? Ndikukayika .. Koma zomwe mwawona ndizothandiza kwambiri ...
Mangalitsa waku Hungary: mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe azomwe zili mu nkhumba
Pakadali pano, pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhumba zomwe zimasinthidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo. Pakati pawo, ma mangalitsa aku Hungary akuwonekera. Amadziwika ndi kaonekedwe kake koyambirira komanso kuthekera kopirira kutentha pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yabwino kwambiri kumayiko okhala ndi nyengo yayitali komanso yozizira.
Mangalitsa waku Hungary ndi mtundu wazaka zazitali. Chaka chomwe chikuwoneka kuti ndi cha 1833. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kuyambira 1860 dziko la Hungary lidatchuka chifukwa cha mtundu wawo watsopano, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi ubweya wokhotakhota.
Kupanga kwa mtunduwu kudachitika chifukwa cha Archduke Joseph. Anadutsa nkhumba zamtchire za Carpathian ndi mitundu iwiri ya nkhumba zaku Hungary, Bakonyi ndi Szalontai, ndi imodzi yomwe inkabweretsa ku Spain ya nkhumba ku Seradia. Nguluwe yapadera, kapena, monga imatchulidwanso, nkhumba yotsika, chifukwa chake, idayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha thupi lake kupanga mafuta ochuluka.
Mitunduyo idayamba kutchuka. Ku Hungary kokha, kuchuluka kwa nkhumba izi kudapitilira 30,000. Kuti mupange chitsulo cha mangalitsa cha ku Hungary ku Ukraine.
Central Europe yogula nyama yamafuta. Koma pofika chapakati pa zaka za zana la 20, mafuta anyama ndi nkhumba anali atachokamo, nyama zofunikira zambiri zopangira nyama yankhumba ndi nyama. Ku Hungary, chiwerengero cha anthu achibrazi sichitsika mpaka 7,000.
Mu 90s ya XX century, opanga zakudya za nyama za jamoni ndi lomo ankanena zakusowa kwa zopangira zabwino. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe amakumbukira mtundu womwe wayiwalika wa nkhumba zosaneneka. Kampani ya ku Spain Jamones Segovia, S. A. adayamba kulima brazier ya ku Hungary.
Kuyambira 2000, mtundu wa manganese ku Hungary wadziwika kuti ndi chuma cha dziko la Hungary. Nkhumba zimadulidwa mwachangu komanso zimatchuka. M'mayiko a CIS, minda ing'onoing'ono yomwe imagwira ntchito yolima mangalits aku Hungary, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapeza phindu lalikulu. Malo odyera osankhika amagula nyama ndi mafuta kuchokera kwa iwo.
Nkhumba za mtundu uwu wa kutalika kwapakatikati (mpaka 85 sentimita), zimakhala ndi mafupa owonda, mutu waukulu. Phokoso limakhala lokwera kwambiri komanso lokwerapo pang'ono m'mwamba, chigamba chimakhala chozungulira, makutu ake ndi chachikulu, chimatha kutambasulidwa kapena kupachikidwa. Miyendo ndi yopyapyala, yaifupi, yamphamvu ndi ziboda zakuda. Mimba ndi yayikulu, kumbuyo kumatha kufooka.
Choyambirira chomwe chimagwira diso lanu mukayang'ana ku brazier ya ku Hungary, ndiye, ubweya. Ndizotakata komanso kutalika, pali zovuta. Pa nthawi ya masika molting, imagwera kunja, ndipo ubweya umapindika kukhala mphete zolimba. Zowoneka bwino kwambiri ndizoyera. Kuphatikiza pa nkhumba za utoto uwu, palinso ma suti akuda, ofiira komanso osakanikirana. Zimatengera pamasamba.
Pakadali pano, opanga nthawi zambiri amagulitsa nkhumba zosakanizidwa, kuchokera ku barbecue ndi nkhumba za mtundu wina. Anthu oterowo amakhalanso ndi mwinjiro waubweya, koma osati magawo ena ofunikira kuti kubereka bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe ena akunja a ma Hungary mangalits:
- mchira unakhuthala pansi,
- maso ndi tsitsi lazungulira mozungulira, nipples, milomo, chigamba, kutsegulira kwa mkati, gawo lamkati la mchirawo ndi lakuda bii mosasamala kanthu kwa subspecies,
- bulashi yoyera
- Malo a Velman (chizindikiro chakuda m'munsi makutu kupitirira masentimita 5), chizindikirochi chimatsimikizira kuyera kwa mtunduwo,
- osapitilira 10 nipples.
Nguluwe zakutchire za mtundu wa mangalitsa waku Hungary zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 300, nkhumba - 200 kilogalamu. Kale mchaka choyamba cha moyo, nyama zazing'ono zimatha kupeza ma kilogalamu 150-160. Zojambulidwa zolemetsa za munthu wamkulu ndi theka la tani.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu ndi mtundu wawo. Pakadali pano pali mitundu inayi ya nkhumba za ma Hungary mangalitsa ndi ma subspecies atatu:
- White brazier. Masamba ambiri odziwika. Zimaphatikizapo 3/4 ya anthu pano padziko lapansi a ku Hungary mangalits. Mtundu umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi imvi kutuwa ndi loyera ndi kusinthasintha kwa chikasu ndi kufiyira, pomwe khungu limachita imvi kapena lakuda.
- "Swallow". Mbali yapamwamba ya mutu, makutu, kuluka, chibwano, kumbuyo, mbali yakunja ndi mbali yakunja ya miyendo ya "zameza" za mtundu wakuda. Mimba, chibwano chotsika, theka la mbali, mbali yamkati imatha kukhala yoyera, imvi, chikaso ,uwa. Izi subspecies nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono kuposa zina, tsitsilo limakhala lalifupi komanso logwirizana, koma ndilolimba.
- Mangalits ofiira. Mtundu wa nkhumba izi ndi wowala, mwa oyimilira oyera a mtunduwu ndiwopanda banga. Nkhumba zofiira zimakhala zazikulu kuposa abale awo ndipo zikukula msanga. Masanjidwewo amadziwika kuti akutha. Kugulitsa nkhumba zofiira kwa anthu ndizoletsedwa.
Izi zisanathetse kuchuluka kwa nkhumba izi ku Hungary, anthu omwe amasunga utoto wa nkhumba zamtchire kapena utoto wonyezimira amapezeka ku Hungary. Ganizirani zabwino ndi zovuta za mtundu uwu:
Phindu | zoyipa |
kupirira | mtengo wokwera |
kufunikira kwakukulu | kuchedwa |
mtengo wokwera wa nyama ndi mafuta | Nthawi zambiri kupititsa patsogolo farrowing |
kulemera mwachangu | kuthekera kwakukulu kakatenga nkhumba yosakanizidwa |
chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri | kufunika kwa msipu waukulu |
kusinthasintha | |
wochezeka | |
kukumbukira kukumbukira njira yakunyumba (nkhumba imatha kubwerera ku msipu womwewo) | |
ubweya umateteza ku kulumwa ndi tizilombo |
Momwe mungasankhire nkhumba, mtengo
Chinsinsi chakubala bwino kwa kubereka manganese achiHungary ndichisankho choyenera cha nkhumba zachitsamba. Zowonadi, ngakhale anthu ophatikiza akhoza kukhala ofanana maonekedwe awo, nyama yawo ndi mafuta anyama sangakhale ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mangalitsa a ku Hungary. Chifukwa chake, mukamagula, muyenera kupempha nyama yoyambira, kuwerengera zafamuyo.
Simuyenera kudalira wogula, ndibwino kuti mupite ndikusankhe nyamayo, chifukwa mutha kutsimikizira thanzi la nkhumba pokhapokha mwa kuwayang'ana. Ndikwabwino kuyendera mafamu angapo, mawonekedwe ambiri amadziwika pokha poyerekeza.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukumbukira kuti ana omwe atengedwa sayenera kukhala pachibale, apo ayi nkhumba zimasamba.
Pigigs yeniyeni ya mangalitsa yaku Hungary imakhala ndi ma ruble aku Russia osachepera 15,000, pafupifupi, mtengo umasiyana pakati pa ma ruble 15,000. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupeze nkhumba zingapo, popanda kampaniyo nyamayo imatha kukhala yachisoni, ndipo izi zimakhudza chidwi cha anthu komanso kuwonda.
Mukamagula, muyenera kusamala ndi momwe ana amakhudzidwira, kaya zimimba zake zili zoyera. Nkhumba izikhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ngakhale miyendo, yomwe idafotokozeredwa kale mawonekedwe a ma Hungary mangalitsa, utoto wamtundu, ngati m'mbale zakutchire, koma mtundu wake ndiwodziwikiratu posungidwa ndi nkhumba (yoyera, yakuda, yofiira, "kumeza"). Nkhumba yathanzi imalimba kwambiri ngati ikunyamula.
Osagula chubby kwambiri komanso ana akuluakulu. Nthawi zambiri kulemera kambiri paubwana kumakhala chifukwa chodyetsa mkaka wokoma. Pambuyo pa nkhumba zotere, zimakhala zovuta kusinthana ndi chakudya chokhazikika.
Mtanda pakati pa mangalits aku Hungary mwina umakutidwa ndi ubweya, koma nyama yake ndi yolimba, mawonekedwe a sebaceous ndi ochepa, chikhalidwe sichabwino, nzeru ndi kukumbukira ndizochepa.
Anthu amtundu uliwonse wa subspecies omwe ali ndi mimba yapinki, alibe zilembo zakuda zokhala ndi ma braziers onse, mukukayikira kuyera kwa kubereka, tsitsi lili ndi nsonga zofiirira, makutu ndi akulu kwambiri kapena ochepa.
Chizindikiro chowoneka bwino chikakhala nkhumba zokhala ndi mawanga oyera pakhungu ndi mtundu wa bulauni, zokhala ndi zibaba zachikasu kapena zakuda ndi mikwaso yachikaso.Matani amtundu amatha kusintha pamoyo wa nkhumba, njirayi imakhudzidwa ndi zakudya komanso chilengedwe.
Zinthu zomwe zili, nkhumba
Mangalitsa waku Hungary amakhala ndi mphamvu komanso kuthekera kusintha. Ngakhale nyengo yozizira, imatha kuchita popanda pigsty. Chifukwa chake, eni ambiri samamanga nkhumba za mtundu uno, koma amangokumba dzenje mu cholembera. Komano pakusintha thupi la ma Hungary mangalits adzagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungidwa.
Kuti nkhumba izitha kulemera bwino, imafunikiranso kupanga zinthu izi:
- thumba loyakira nyengo yachisanu,
- matalala kutsogolo kwa nkhumba,
- wakumwa madzi oyera,
- nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa zinyalala mu pigsty ndi corral,
- Munda wokhala ndi mpanda wazinyama zina,
- canopies yodzitetezera ku nyengo yoipa m'khola ndi msipu,
- Kutenthetsera kowonjezereka kwa agalu ndi kufesa pakati, ndikofunikanso kuwateteza kuti asakonzekere.
Izi, chifukwa cha chitetezo chokwanira, sizifunika katemera. Chibraziler cha ku Hungary chimakumbukira bwino. Chifukwa chake, akutha kubwerera kunyumba kuchokera kukadyetsa, ndipo palibe chifukwa chofunikira kubusa, makamaka ngati olusa samakhala pafupi. Zotsirizazi, mwatsoka, zikuphatikiza thumba tambiri tosochera.
Panyengo iliyonse yophukira ndi yophukira, nkhumba zimayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala a helminths.
Kudyetsa Katundu
Mangalitsu aku Hungary ndi opatsa chidwi, amadyetsa kwambiri msipu. M'chilimwe ndi masika - uwu ndi udzu wamba, nthawi yophukira ndi chisanu - udzu. Komabe, kuti muwonjezere kulemera, mutha kulowa zakudya za nkhumba:
- mbatata,
- chimanga
- dzungu
- nyemba
- zukini
- beets
- ma acorn
- machifuwa
- chimanga
- nzimbe,
- ma silage,
- dongo lofiira
- chidutswa,
- mafupa chakudya
- nsomba zam'madzi.
Nkhumba izi sizikana zinyalala za chakudya, nkhono, tizilombo, achule. Sizingatheke kuthana ndi ma mangalits aku Hungary, mtundu uwu umakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa nyama komanso kufa kwa chinyama.
Kudyetsa nyama za ku Hungary mangalits ndi kugula kwa chakudya kumaloledwa, koma ndiye muyenera kupatsanso udzu kapena udzu watsopano. Chakudya chimasankhidwa kutengera zaka za nyama.
Eni ake amene amasamala za nyama yachilengedwe amatha kuphika okha chakudya. Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani chimanga, chinangwa, choko, ufa wamfupa, tirigu, oats ndi makuku.
Chotuluka
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukonza nyali yotentha pakubadwa kwa mwana. Ana a nkhumba amabadwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi, koma sizophweka kuti adziwiritse. Sabata yoyamba amadya mkaka wa amayi. Patatha masiku awiri mwana atabadwa, amapaka jekeseni wosakanikirana ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chitsulo kuti aletse kukula kwa magazi m'thupi.
Patsiku 4, ma fangayo amathyola nkhumba, apo ayi azivulaza nkhumba zikaidyetsa. Miyezi makumi asanu pambuyo pa kubadwa, iwo omwe adaleredwa chifukwa cha nyama samathandizidwa kuti azikhala bwino komanso asamachite zinthu mwankhanza. Onetsetsani kuti njirayi imagwira ndi nkhumba zomwe zimakhala ndi inguinal hernia.
Mu sabata lachiwiri la moyo, piglets amapatsidwa kale steam chinangwa, barele wokazinga, ndipo makamaka mavitamini ndi mchere. Pamwezi umodzi, mutha kuyamba kupereka chakudya chopanda.
Kusintha kwathunthu kwa thanzi la anthu akuluakulu kumachitika pakatha miyezi 4-5 ya moyo, chizindikiro cha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa nkhumbayo ndi kuzimiririka kwamikwande ya "makanda" pakhungu la nkhumba. Ponytails kwa ana am'madzi a ku Hungary sasiya, ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za mtundu.
Lawani za nyama ndi mafuta anyama a ku Hungary mangalitsa
Nyama ndi mafuta anyama a brazier ya ku Hungary ndi abwino pazakumwa zambiri zam nyama, chifukwa chake amayamikiridwa kwambiri. Ili ndi kapangidwe ka marble komanso kukoma kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya mtunduwu ili ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika:
- anticarcinogenic katundu
- nthaka yayitali ndi zitsulo,
- cholesterol yotsika
- mavitamini A ndi gulu B.
Ma sebaceous osanjikiza am'madzi aku Hungary ndi mamilimita 55-65, lilinso ndi mitsempha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta a mtundu uwu akhale apadera.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Hungary Mangalica Boar
Mwachilengedwe, mahenge aku Hungary amakhala otetezeka kwambiri. Ndiwanzeru komanso anzeru, motero nthawi zambiri amafanizira ndi agalu. Nkhumba zimakonda kwambiri mbuye wawo. Amakonda malo ndi ufulu. Kuti nkhumba zizisungidwa kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuti zizipatsanso paddock, kapena ngati zingatheke kungowaleketsa m'munda kapena dambo.
Nkhumba za mtundu uwu ndi zaukhondo. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi oyera ndi abwino. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'anira ukhondo mu cholembera ndipo nthawi zambiri amasintha zinyalala. Mangalits aku Hungary amalekerera kuzizira mosavuta chifukwa cha tsitsi lofunda, lopotana. Komabe, nthawi yozizira amafunika udzu wambiri, momwe nkhumba zimakonda kudziyika zokha.
Zosiyanasiyanazo za mtunduwu zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosavomerezeka ndikumangidwa komanso zakudya. Nyama mwachilengedwe zimapatsidwa chitetezo chokhazikika, champhamvu. Samakhala ndi matenda, koma amafunika katemera panthawi yake.
M'nyengo yotentha, nkovuta kuti zinyama zizipirira kutentha ndi kutentha, chifukwa chake zimafunikira mphalapala kuti zizitha kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa lotentha ndikupanga mthunzi. Mangalits aku Hungary samangokhala ndi matenda okha, komanso amatha kusinthasintha mwachangu mikhalidwe yomwe ali mndende ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungakhalire ndi brazier ya ku Hungary. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungaberekere moyenera.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hungary mangalits cub
Akuluakulu amakula pofika miyezi 8-9. Nthawi zambiri, kubadwa kwa nkhumba sikudzakhala kochuluka. Pafupifupi, obereketsa amtunduwu amadziwa kuti kubadwa kwa ana ambiri nkhuku ndizachilendo kwa ofesa mtunduwu. Nthawi zambiri kubereka kumadutsa mosavuta, popanda zovuta. Mbidzi zimafa kawirikawiri. Palibe njira zapadera pakugwirira ntchito ndi kudula kwa ma umbilical chingwe chofunikira.
Chochititsa chidwi. Pafupifupi, nkhumba imodzi imaberekera nkhumba za 5-6. Ngati ana 8 kapena kuposerapo abadwa, ichi ndi umboni kuti nkhumba sizoyipitsidwa.
Mwana wachiwiri ndi wotsatira nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo. Makhalidwe oyipa amtunduwu ndi mkaka wochepa wopanga ndi kufera pang'ono.
Ana obadwa kumene amabadwira amizere kunja, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuwoneka ngati nkhumba zakuthengo. Alimi ambiri amapereka jakisoni wa chitsulo kwa akhanda kuti ateteze kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Pobadwa, nthawi yoyamba ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti azisamalira kudya. Kwa masiku 5-6, mutha kuyamba kuyambitsa pang'onopang'ono zakudya zowonjezera - barele wokazinga ndi phala lamadzimadzi. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kusiya zimbudzi za nkhumba kuti muchepetse kuvulala kwa mayiyo pakudya. Kuyambira sabata lachitatu, lachinayi, amadya mosasamala masamba, chimanga.
Pakutha mwezi woyamba, nyama zitha kuyamwa. Pazaka izi, zitha kugulitsidwa, chifukwa amatha kudya zakudya zomwe anthu akuluakulu amadya. Nthawi yayitali ya anthu omwe samapita kukaphedwa ndi zaka 20-23.
Adani achilengedwe a brazier waku Hungary
Chithunzi: Kodi brazier wa ku Hungary akuwoneka bwanji?
Chifukwa chakuti nkhumba za mangalits zobereketsa za ku Hungary zimangokhala zokha kunyumba, zilibe adani achilengedwe. Chifukwa choti nkhumba zimakulira zambiri kuti zizipeza nyama yankhumba kapena mafuta, nthawi yankhondo itatha kumapeto kwa 40s komanso koyambirira kwa 50s, ziwerengero zawo zidachepa mpaka kufika poopsa.
Oimira mtundu uwu amadziwika ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso thanzi labwino. Komabe, akatswiri odziwa zachipatala komanso akatswiri odziwa za zinyama amachenjeza za kufunika kwa katemera munthawi yake. Kupanda kutero, kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa nyama zokhala ndi matenda opatsirana kwakula.
Matenda otheka a mangalitsa a ku Hungary
- nkhanambo,
- lichen,
- nkhanambo
- khutu ndi x-ray Mafunso.
Chofunikira china ndikutsuka kwa cholembera cha nkhumba ndi kufunika kopezeka madzi oyera. Kusakhalapo kwa zinthu izi kumayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda. Kutentha kwambiri mu nthawi yotentha kumatha kuyambitsa kuperewera, kusowa kudya, ngakhale kufa kwa nyama.
Veterinarians amalimbikitsanso nthawi zina kuchiza nkhumba motsutsana ndi helminth. Nkhumba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakonda kuthana ndi matenda a helminth kudzera muchakudya, mphutsi, nsomba, achule, ndi zina zambiri. Chofunikira china ndikuyesa kupewa kukonzekera, kuzimiririka, komanso chinyezi chambiri. Nkhumba zimatha kutenga chibayo ngati chinyezi chipinda chipinda chipitilira 70%.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Hungary Mangalica
Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa mahangala aku Hungary sikuyambitsa nkhawa. Alimi ochokera padziko lonse lapansi amabala nkhumba zachilendozi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pakati pa akatswiri othandizira, nyama yanyama imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha machitidwe ake apadera. Nyama imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri komanso zigawo za mafuta zamaunifolomu.
Posachedwa, kuchuluka kwa nyamazo kukukulira ku Ukraine, Russian Federation, ndi Great Britain. M'mbiri yakale ya manganese aku Hungary - ku nyama za ku Hungary amadziwika kuti ndi chuma cha dziko lonse. Malamulo angapo adakhazikitsidwa pachigawo cha boma lino, pamaziko omwe thandizo ndi maubwino amaperekedwa kwa obereketsa nkhumba kuti zizitha kuweta nyama izi.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyambirira kwa obereketsa, chiwerengero cha anthu amtunduwu chimaposa 15,000. Nyama zimagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Kupatula kwawo ndi mayiko omwe nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha chaka chonse.
ChiHungary mangalitsa - mtundu wofunika wa nkhumba zoweta. Nyama yawo imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri ndipo imayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi ophika odziwika ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.