Dzina lachi Latin: | Troglodytes troglodytes |
Gulu: | Odutsa |
Banja: | Wren |
Kuphatikiza: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri ku Eurasia (ndi Russia), kutalika kwa mawonekedwe am'mayiko ndi 8-10 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi 7-12 g, mapiko ndi 15- 17 cm. Mbalame yaing'ono yam'manja yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi thupi lofanana, mulomo wotalikirapo komanso wamtifupi, wamapiko ozungulira , mchira wofupika womwe wren umagwedezeka. Mayina odziwika - "rooting", "nati", "hazel", "mchira mchira" - - amawonetsa mawonekedwe a mbalame ndi mawonekedwe a biotopic.
Kufotokozera. Utoto wamba ndi wowala, pansi pake, womwe umakhala ndi mivi yolowera m'mbali, m'mimba, kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira. Pali chowoneka bwino. Palibe gawo logonana. Achichepere (aang'ono) ndiakhungu kwambiri kuposa achikulire, ofiira ofiira kumtunda, ali ndi masikelo m'malo otembenuka.
Voterani. Nyimbo yovuta, yokweza imakhala ndi kusinthana matrito okongola ochita mosiyanasiyana. Kuyimba, ma alamu - kukweza mokweza, kusokosera kowuma.
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. Amakhala mitundu 40 ya malo, osiyana kukula, mtundu ndi chilengedwe. Ku North America, komwe kumagawidwa m'nkhalango zowononga kuchokera ku zilumba za Aleutian, kumwera kwa Alaska, Labrador ndi Newfoundland kupita ku California, dera la Great Lakes, ndi mapiri a Appalachian. Ku Eurasia, masanjidwewo amagawidwa magawo akumadzulo ndi kummawa. Amakhala pafupifupi Europe yonse kuyambira kunkhalango-tundra mpaka ku Mediterranean, ndipo imakhala m'nkhalango zamapiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Kummawa, kotentha kumafikira ku Urals, kumwera kumakhala mapiri a Crimea, Caucasus, Iran, Western ndi Central Asia mpaka ku Tien Shan kuphatikiza, kumadzulo kwa Himalaya. Gawo lakummawa la mndandandawo limakhala kum'mawa kwa Russia kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Baikal komanso kumwera kwa Yakutia mpaka Kamchatka, Commander ndi Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, ndi Primorye. Kummwera komwe kumakhala Japan, Taiwan, Korea, zigawo zambiri za China, kupatula zigawo zakumadzulo, zimadutsa zigawo kumadera otentha a China, mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.
Kummwera kwa mtunduwu, mbalame zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi moyo wokhala, kuchokera kumpoto, mbalame zambiri zimasuntha kapena kuuluka kumwera nthawi yozizira, m'mapiri zimayenda molunjika. Ku European Russia, wren chonsecho chafala, kumawombera nyengo yachisanu kumazizira kwambiri matalala komanso opanda chipale chofewa nyengo yachisanu, kumachitika kumwera kwa chigawo chaka chonse. M'malo odyera pakati pamsewu wopezeka pakati ndi mabowo oyambitsidwa, kutuluka kumachedwetsedwa mpaka kuphimba kwa chipale chofewa, mbalame zamtundu umodzi zimatha kupezeka nthawi yozizira.
Moyo. Imakonda nkhalango zokhala ndi madzi osefukira ndi mitengo yophulika, kum'mwera kwa mapiriwa imapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango za mitengo yaminga, m'mapiri nthawi zambiri imakhala yodetsedwa mpaka mamita 4,000. Chofunikira chachikulu cha biotope ndi mtunda wovuta komanso wokhuthala, pomwe mbalame imasungidwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zachikulire zimakhala kumalo awo akale (kapena oyandikana nawo) chaka chilichonse, ana azaka zoyambira amasamukira kumayiko ena. Patsamba lake, amphaka amamanga zisa zingapo momwe amagonamo, zina mwa izo osamaliza. Zomera mwachidziwikire zimakonda kukopa zazikazi.
Chisa chake ndi chachikulu kwambiri (maulendo atatu achulukenso) chopanga ngati maudzu, mizu, mizu, masamba owuma, okhala ndi makhoma otchinga, khomo lozungulira lozungulira ndi thireyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nthenga, matupi oonda a moss. Zingwe zimapezeka pansi pamtunda (nthawi zambiri sizikhala zapamwamba kuposa mamita 5) pamtunda wamphepo, pamtunda wowuma, pamtunda wa udzu wouma, pakati pa ma inverts. Akakhwima, wamkazi amakwaniritsa imodzi ya zisa izi ndikuyika mazira pamenepo.
M'malo ambiri, nkhono imadziwika ndi polygyny, yomwe imachitika pamene magawo awiri azimayi omwe akazi awo amakhala nawo (kwathunthu kapena mbali yake) pagawo lalikulu laimphongo. Pa gawo ili, m'modzi mwa akazi atha kumaliza kumanga chisa asanaike mazira, enawo - kuti azingitse khungu, lachitatu - kudyetsa ana. Mu clutch mumakhala mazira pafupifupi 10, oyera okhala ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono kwamdima kapena dzimbiri (nthawi zina kopanda chidutswa). Makulitsidwe kumatenga masiku 14-15, kudyetsa anapiye mu chisa - masiku 16-18. Wamphongo samazizira, kutengapo gawo pakudyetsa akuwonetsedwa mwanjira ina. Nthawi zina zazimuna zimadyetsa ana, pomwe zazikazi zimayamba kugona kwatsopano.
Kuthandizira chidwi kumayambitsidwa - anapiye okhwima a ana am'mbuyomu nthawi zina amathandizira makolo kudyetsa ena. Poyenda ndikusamuka, chimbalangondo sichimakhala magulu, nthawi zambiri chimayenda usiku.
Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)
Dera
Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ma wren oyamba amapezeka kudera la North America. Nambala yawo ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zambiri zomwe zapezedwa zimatsimikizira chiphunzitsochi. Koma popeza nyengo padziko lapansi imasintha nthawi zambiri, mabanja ena a mbalamezi adaganiza zosamukira kumadera abwino. Chifukwa cha izi, mitundu yamtunduwu yakula kwambiri. Masiku ano, mbalame yotchedwa wren (zithunzi zotengedwa ndi asayansi, izi zimatsimikizira) imakhala pafupifupi ku Europe konse, North Africa ndi gawo laling'ono la South America. Anthu okhala ku Russia amathanso kusangalala ndi kuyimba kwake kokongola, chifukwa m'dera lathu anthuwa ndi ochuluka kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe
Wren ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri. Ngakhale anthu akuluakulu nthawi zambiri samakula kuposa 10 cm. Ndipo ngati tikulankhula za ana, atha kukhala oyenera pang'ono. Ku Russia monse, ndi mtundu umodzi wokhawo wa mbalame womwe umakhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu - ndi nkhani. Chizindikiro china cha wren ndi mchira. Muli nthenga zingapo zopendekera pafupifupi. Ponena za utoto, amuna ndi akazi ali ndi zowerengeka, zokhala ndi mgoza. Ndi chifukwa chamtundu wakuda kwambiri kotero kuti ambiri sadziwa momwe ma wren amawonekera. Mbalameyi imalumikizana ndi zachilengedwe ndipo ndizosatheka kuzindikira.
Habitat
Uku ndikuwoneka kwachilendo kwambiri. Ndiwofanana bwino ndi kukhala m'chipululu, komanso kukhala m'nkhalango zotentha. Monga pobisalira, wren amagwiritsa ntchito chitsa, m'nkhalangozi, tchire yaying'ono ndi udzu. Ndipo ngati m'munda mulibe udzu wowundana, ndiye kuti zinyalala zokhala ndi mbewa zimatha kukhazikika m'miyala ing'onoing'ono kapena m'mphepete mwa miyala. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame yambewu yomwe imakonda kukhala pansi. Ngakhale nyengo yotentha kwambiri, amakonda kukhala kunyumba. Ndi chilala chokhazikika chomwe chimakhala nthawi zambiri komanso chanjala. Izi ndi zowona, pali zina: mitundu iwiri kapena itatu yaku America konsekonse mumawombera nyengo yachisanu ikayamba nyengo yachisanu.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Wren ndi mbalame yopatsa chidwi. Koma, kuphatikiza kukula kwake, siyingameze nyama iliyonse. Komabe, maziko a chakudya chake ndi nyama. Chifukwa chake, anyaniwa amasangalala mokondwerera zazing'onozing'ono, mphutsi, agulugufe ndi njenjete. Ngati pali dziwe pafupi, wolusa uyu amatha kugwira nsomba yaying'ono momwemo. Kubwera kwa nyengo yozizira yoyamba, zakudya za mbalame zimasintha, chifukwa tizilombo tonse timabisala chisanu chomwe chikubwera. Nthawi imeneyi, wren amayang'ana mbewu za chimanga, zipatso za malimwe, ngakhale mizu. Ndipo ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yovuta kwambiri, mbalame zimatha kuyandikira pafupi ndi anthu ndikubera zotsalira kwa iwo.
Mmisiri waluso
Kupanga zisa kumachitika nthawi zonse ndi kwamphongo. Monga mwamuna weniweni, amayandikira njirayi mosamala. Akusontha nthambi ndi mbewa mchigawo chonsechi, amapanga chisa chozungulira ndi bowo lozungulira kuti alowemo. Mng'oma umakumbira pansi panyumba yam'tsogolo ndi nthenga zake komanso pansi, motero imakhala yotentha nthawi zonse. Ndizosangalatsa, koma posachedwapa, asayansi atazindikira kuti wrenyo wabisa chinsinsi chodabwitsa. Zithunzi zoyjambulidwa ndi kamera yobisika zikuwonetsa kuti wamphongo yemweyo nthawi zonse amawonekera pafupi ndi zisa ziwiri zotalikirana. Kupitiliza kafukufukuyu, akatswiri a zamankhwala anapeza kuti amuna samangochita zomanga chisa chimodzi. Chifukwa chake, atatsiriza kumanga nyumbayo, nthawi yomweyo amatenga ntchito yatsopano. Koma izi ndizofunikira kuti akope akazi ambiri momwe angathere.
Mating ndi kuwaswa
Pofika mwezi wa Marichi, mbalame yambewu, yomwe mawu ake nthawi zonse imafalikira mozungulira, imayamba kuyimba mokweza. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti anyamatawa ndi okonzeka kuitanira zazikazi kuchisa chawo. Kuphatikiza apo, mawu a njenjemera amamveka mokweza, ndipamenenso mwayi woti dona amawulukira. Akangovina mwachidule, amathamangira ku chisa chapafupi. Kumeneko, mayi wachichepere pamapeto pake amaika kankhusu kakang'ono ka mazira 5-7. Pankhaniyi, azimayi okha ndi amene amabereka, pomwe njonda zimawabweretsera chakudya. Mwamwayi, mu masabata awiri anapiye oyamba amawonekera.
Mitala yodabwitsa kwambiri ya ma wrens
Akaziwo atakhala pamazira, yamphongo imatha kuyang'ana mwakachetechete. Makamaka, makamaka chifukwa cha izi, amadzipangira zisa zingapo nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zina zimafika poti munthu m'modzi amatha kupsya mtima atsikana atatu. Zowona, machitidwe oterewa siofala kwambiri. Komabe, ngakhale ali ndi mitala, mbalame nthawi zonse zimathandiza zazikazi kudyetsa ana awo. Alole izi kuti asachite izi nthawi zambiri momwe anzawo angafune, komabe amuna amagwira ntchito yawo. Nthawi yomweyo, asayansi adawona njira yoseketsa: mkazi woyamba wamkazi amakhala ndi chidwi komanso chisamaliro chachikulu kuposa "akazi" ake onse palimodzi.
Ndili ndi manyazi kuvomereza, koma mpaka posachedwapa nyamayo inali mbalame yopanda ulemu - sindinamvepo nyimbo zake
Ndidayenda m'mphepete mwa mudzi ndipo mosayembekezereka kuchokera kumbali ya mulu wamatabwa wokumbika pafupi ndi mpanda wattle, ndinamva kachilendo kwambiri, koti mbalame ikuimba. Mtundu wina wa mbalame umalira, kuyambitsa kubowola kwinaku ndikuyamba kulira. Monga kuti wina ayesera mawu awo, ankayimba mtima kenako n'kukhala chete. Pambuyo pake ndinazindikira kuti zinali wren.
Ndizodabwitsa. Panthawi yosagwirizana ngati imeneyi, matalala atagona m'chiuno ndipo chisanu sichimakhululuka - nyimbo ya mbalame? Osatinso ng'ombe yamphongo, yodziwika ndi aliyense, koma china, chosadziwika ... mwanjira ina nyimbo yake inali yofananira ndi chipinda chathu chogona - mabondo omwewo, kusefukira komweko, kochepa komanso kocheperako.
Pamenepo ndinazindikira mbalame yodabwitsa ija - khanda lofiirira lomwe lili ndi mchira womata linali kukhala pachikwangwani pa nthambi louma, lalitali pamwamba pa mulu wa masamba agwa, ndikuyimba. Atamaliza kudulira, nthawi yomweyo analowa mumdima, mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu, mbewa inang'amba kudutsa nthambi zokhotakhota ndikuyang'ana mbali inayo.
Ndinkadandaula. Chabwino, chakumanzere! Kodi ndingaiwale bwanji za wren, za Far East midget-sneak? Zowona, sapezeka, kupatula apo, amadziwa kubisala mwaluso pamphepo yamkuntho, pakati pa mizu yamitengo ndi milu yamtengo, kuti simukhala ndi nthawi yopumira. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chomwe wrenyi samadziwika ndi anthu.
Ataonetsetsa kuti mlendo amene sanamuitanewo aimirire pamalopo ndipo sanaganize kuti achoka, wren ananyong'oneza mwamphamvu kuti: "Chinyengo, tsenga, nthano!" Inde, mwachangu, ngati kuti wazungika. Nthawi yomweyo, adagwedeza mwamwano ndikutulutsa mchira wake wamfupi, womwe udakwezeka kwambiri, pafupi kumbuyo kwake.
Kubangula kodetsa nkhawa kunatha posachedwa - woyimbayo ang'onoting'onoting'ono anangoyendanso m'mayikidwe a nthambi ndipo sanabwererenso. Ziribe kanthu momwe ndimayembekezera, iye sanabwerere. Ndizachisoni! Ndidafunitsitsadi kuwona kukwera uku, chifukwa nthawi zambiri umagwira diso lako. Inde, ndipo nyimbo ya wren ndidamva koyamba. Sindikukhulupirira kuti mawu ofuula oterowo amatha kutuluka pachifuwa cha izi, mwana wamwamuna!
16.05.2017
Wren, kapena nati (lat. Troglodytes troglodyte) - mbalame yaying'ono yokhala ndi mawu olimba. Kuyimba kwake kwakukulu kumafanana ndi nthawi yomweyo matambula a lark, Nightingale ndi Canary. Chifukwa cha luso lake lotulutsa mawu m'maiko ambiri aku Europe amadziwika kuti ndi mfumu ya mbalame. Zokhudza banja la Krapivnikov (Troglodydae) kuchokera pagulu la Passeriformes.
Kumva kuyimba kwa woimba kubisala pamtengo kumatha kumveka pang'onopang'ono mpaka mamita 500. Pafupi nayo, voliyumuyo imatha kufika ma decibels 90, omwe ali ofanana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa kotsuka vacuum kapena tramu yomwe ikudutsa. Nyimboyi imakhala ndi phokoso losiyanasiyana pafupifupi 130, yoimbidwa m'makiyi osiyanasiyana okhalitsa masekondi 4-7 pamasamba a 4000-9000 Hz. Oimira gulu la anthu ku Europe ndi ku Japan ali ndi nyimbo 6 zazikuluzikulu pamawu awo, pomwe oimba omwe amakhala kumadzulo kwa USA ali ndi opitilira 30. Akatswiri amawayerekezera ndi nyimbo za jazi, zomwe wojambula aliyense amachita m'njira yake.
Kugawa ndi malo okhala
Wren imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse kudera lakumpoto. Kumpoto, malire ake amakhala mogwirizana ndi isotherm ya Januwale pa -7 ° C, ndipo kumwera amadutsa ku North Africa, Mexico, India, Bangladesh ndi Myanmar. Mwa malo 46 omwe adadziwika pano ku Europe, m'modzi yekha amakhala (T. t. Troglodytes). Chiwerengero cha anthu aku North America ndi North Africa ndi chongokhala, ena onse ndi osamuka nyengo.
Mbalameyi imakhazikika paphiri komanso m'mapiri kutalika kwake mpaka 4000 m. Imakopeka ndi zitsamba, mipanda, mitengo yolimba m'nkhalango, minda ndi mapaki. Pamaso pa malo achitetezo oyenerera, imamva bwino pakati pa malo achikhalidwe pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi madamu ang'onoang'ono. Amagwira munthu mopanda mantha, kuti athe kukhazikika m'khalidwe kapena malo ena opumulirako.
Chiwerengero cha anthu aku kumpoto kwa Europe kusamukira ku Central ndi Southern Europe kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Novembala ndikubwerera koyambirira kwa Marichi. Ndege zitha kukhala masana kapena usiku. Nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri nyengo yachisanu imakhala yozizira.
Khalidwe
Mafutawa amagwira ntchito masana komanso madzulo. Amasiya usiku wake ndi kunyezimira koyambirira kwa dzuwa ndikupita kokasaka. Amakonzekera kupuma nokha, mutakhala m'nkhwawa zowirira. Nthenga zimatsukidwa panthawi yopuma. Mbalameyo imadzola mafuta ndi zomwe zili mumkaka wa coccygeal gland, kenako ndikupukuta mosamala mulomo wokhathamiridwa panthambi za mitengo. Udzu wamanzere umagwiritsidwa ntchito posambira. Malo osambira mumchenga ndi dzuwa amatengedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kusamba m'matumba ndi osowa kwambiri.
Amuna amakhala malo amtunda ndipo sakonda kukhalapo kwa opikisana nawo patsamba lawo. Zachikazi sizolimbana. Amatha kubereketsa pafupi ndi pafupi. Amawonetsa chidwi pazinthu zawo pokhapokha nthawi yopanda chakudya nthawi yachisanu. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, ana amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
M'nyengo yozizira, kukazizira kwambiri, ana amatha kugona pamodzi, kusonkhanitsa mbalame 20 mu chisa chimodzi, ndikuyika michira yawo pamphepete. Kwa olowa usiku, amatha kuuluka kwa masiku angapo motsatana.
Kuswana
Monga lamulo, mabanja amtala amapangidwa, ngakhale mwa abambo palinso othandizira okhazikika a maubwenzi okwatirana. Ku Central Europe, kumanga koyamba kumachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Meyi, ndipo kwachiwiri mu June kapena Julayi.
Wamphongo amasankha malowa banja lake lalikulu. Ataganizira za mtunda, amakoka kwambiri zinthu zomanga. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapezeka mpaka mamita 2 m'mitengo ndi mizere itayidwa pakati pamizu yamitengo yakale. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa denga la nyumba zakale kapena m'nyumba zopangira mbalame. Wrens amagwiritsanso ntchito zisa zakale za mbalame, mpheta, zomeza m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zokumbira wamba, komanso mabala.
Chidacho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi khomo limodzi mbali, ndipo masentimita pafupifupi 13 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 16. Kukula kwake ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasiyana pamtunda. Nthawi zambiri ndi moss, masamba owuma, ferns, zimayambira ndi mizu yazomera zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yomanga ikamalizidwa kale ndi theka, moss yonyowa ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo kuyanika, imagwira mwamphamvu mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.
Wamphongo amamanga zisa zokwanira 8 nyengo isanakwane, kenako akamaliza ina 2-4. Ntchitoyo ikangomangidwa, amayamba kuimba nyimbo, kukopa zazikazi. Amawafotokozera kuti amalola kuthetsa ukwati ndi mapiko ataliitali komanso mchira wofiyira. Nthawi zina mzimayi wokongola amayeserera kuuluka, kenako woimba nyimbo yokongola amayamba pambuyo pake.
Atapeza wokondedwa wake, akubwerera ndi nyimbo yake ya brvura ndikuwonetsa monyadira nyumba yomwe adamupanga. Mkwatibwi amamuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ndikupeza mphamvu. Ngati amakonda nyumba, ndiye kuti amatsitsa mchira wake, womwe wolumayo amayang'ana ngati chizindikiro choti akwere msanga.
Pakatha masiku 5-6, wamkazi amayikira dzira loyamba, kenako tsiku lililonse, dzira limodzi, kutatsala pang'ono kucha. Mu zomanga m'modzi, mutha kukhala zidutswa za 5-8. Amayala matte oyera ndi madontho a bulauni. Kukula kwake ndi 16,6 x 12,6 mm ndipo amalemera mpaka 2 g. Dzira lotsiriza litaikidwa, makulidwe amatenga masiku 14-18. Akazi amadera nkhawa za chakudya chake. Pankhani ya kutaya masoni, kumayikiranso ina.
Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana. Nthawi zina makolo awo amakula mwakuti amayamba kudyetsa anapiye, titmouse, tit, linnet, mpheta ndi scallop.
Minkhusu imabadwa yakhungu, yausiwa komanso wopanda thandizo. Yaikaziyo imanyamula mazira mpaka mtunda wa mamita 25 kuchokera pachisa, ndipo ngati pali dziwe pafupi, ndiyiponyere. Kwa masiku asanu amakhutitsa njala ndi zinyalala, kenako nkuwuluka napita kukafunafuna chakudya kwakanthawi kochepa. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, anapiye amatsegula maso awo ndipo mwina sangathe kukhala motalikirapo. Patsiku la 8, amayamba kutumiza zakudya zosawoneka bwino zomwe zimakakamiza bambo wachikondi kuti ayambe kudyetsa ana ake, koma amachita izi pafupipafupi komanso mosasamala.
Pazaka 14 mpaka 14, ana atuluka m chisa. Ndi thanzi labwino komanso kusapezeka kwa ngozi kuchokera kwa olusa, kuthawa kumatha kuchitika tsiku la 11. Kuyambira pamenepo bambo wawo yekha ndi amene amawadyetsa. Amagona zisa zakunja ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala amphaka, amphaka, makoswe ndi nkhandwe. Kutha msanga mu wrens kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
Makhalidwe akunja
Thupi limakhala lozungulira, lakuthwa, masentimita 9,5 mpaka 11. kulemera 7.5-11 g. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi mtundu womwewo.
Pamwambapa ndi ofiira, ndipo ndi otuwa. Zosangalatsa zakuda zimayenda thupi lonse. Khosi ndi lalifupi. Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo ndipo mapikowo ndi afupi. Mlomo wowonda kwambiri ndi wofanana ndi awl. Msonga wake wawerama pang'ono. Miyendo yake ndi yapinki, minofu.
Mu mbalame zazing'ono, kumtunda kwa mankhwalawo amapaka utoto wofiirira, ndipo mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zofiirira zokhala ndi malire amdima, omwe kulibe akuluakulu.
Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi wren siyidutsa zaka 3-4, komanso zaka 6.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a wren
Wren - mbalame olimbitsa thupi. Thupi la nyamayo limawoneka mozungulira, chifukwa limakhala lopanda khosi. Zikuwoneka kuti mutu waukulu komanso wozungulira umalumikizidwa, kudutsa. Mchira umaperekanso kuchira kumchira. Kwa nthawi yayitali sakhala "kuwala". Nthawi zambiri mbalame ya mchira imakhazikika, makamaka mbalame ikagona. Izi zimabisanso kutalika kwa mchira.
Zojambula wren munjira zamtundu wakuda. Mithunzi ya tchizi imapambana. Pamimba amakhala opepuka. Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo kuli ma toni 3-4 amdima.
Wren ndi mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri, yocheperako kuposa mpheta
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a mbalameyi ndi zofanana ndi mbalame za banja la Slavkov. Kusiyanako ndikusowa kwa nsidze zoyera. Mu Chisilavo akuwonetsedwa bwino.
Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimasangalatsa kwambiri ndi khwalala ndi mulomo. Ndi yopyapyala komanso yokhotakhota. Ndiosavuta kugwira tizilombo. Ma midges ang'onoang'ono ndi akangaude ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalame izidya. Kwenikweni, ndichifukwa chake wren ndi kusamuka. Kuti mukhalebe nthawi yozizira, muyenera kusinthana ndi kudya zipatso zouma ndi mbewu. Wren sanyalanyaza, akumagwira mdziko lodzala ndi tizilombo chaka chonse.
Wren pa Chithunzi zikuwoneka mochepa. Koma kukula kwenikweni kwa mbalame sikugwidwa. M'malo mwake, mbalame yokhala ndi utoto ndi pafupi kukula kwa mpheta.
Mphamvu ya mawu a wren imawoneka kuti siyofanana ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ngwazi ya nkhaniyo ili ndi kuimba kwamphamvu, kwakukulu. Mbodzi za mbalame ndi zamphamvu komanso zikusweka pang'ono, zimamveka ngati "chinyengo".
Mverani kuimba kwa wren
Moyo & Habitat
Malo omwe ngwazi yamakonda imakonda idabisika mumutu wake. Ptah nthawi zambiri amabisala m'nkhalango za mitengo yaying'ono. Komabe, mmalo mwake, wopaka tsitsi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ferns, raspberries, kapena mulu wa mitengo patimphepo chamkuntho. Ndikofunika kuti azikhala ndi malo opanda phokoso, zowononga mphepo, zomwe zimawononga madera.
Mizu yokhala ndi mitengo, mitengo ikuluikulu, mitengo yamitengo yamtchire ndi udzu ndizofunikira kuti ming'oma ipezeke kwa adani ndi zisa. M'malo osagundika abisala amabisa mazira. Zinyalala zomwe zimazungulira zimathandizanso ngati zomanga zisa. Amawongoleredwa ndi moss, masamba, nthambi zazing'ono.
Ngati pali nkhwangwa, nkhanu zimakhazikika kumapiri, ndi m'mapiri, ndi pafupi ndi nyanja ndi madambo, ndi zipululu. Zomwe zimakhazikika mu nyengo yovuta zimapulumutsidwa pamodzi kuzizira. Mbalame zimakhomera anthu angapo mu chisa. Kutsatira wina ndi mnzake, mbalame zimachepetsa kutentha.
Mwa njira, gawo lina la anthu opendayenda limakhala moyo wongokhala. Mbalame zosamukasamuka zikukhala zakutchire kumpoto kumpoto. Komabe, wren ndiofanso kunja kwa Russia. Mitundu ina ya banja imakhala ku America, Africa, Asia, mayiko aku Europe. Ku Russia, nthumwi ya gener passerine imawoneka nthawi yomweyo ndi thaw yoyamba yamasika.
Mitundu ya mbalame
Ornithologists amatenga oimira 60 a banja la wren. Ku Russia, makamaka. Kutalika kwake, kumakula mpaka masentimita 10, kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 7-10. Makungu amtunduwu wa mbalameyo amaoneka ofiira. Miloza yopingasa imawoneka kuchokera kumbali za wren wamba, ndipo pamwamba pamaso pali mawonekedwe a nsidze.
Ku America, nyumba wren yolamulira. Ndi yayikulu kuposa masiku ndi masentimita 3-4 m'litali. Oimira nyamayo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 13. Kukula kwakung'ono sikulepheretsa mbalame zam'makomo kukwera zisa za mbalame zina ndikuwononga mazira awo. Makamaka, kuyikika kwa nuthatch ndi ma toni kumadyedwa. Kuvutika ndi brownie ndi mtundu wina wa wren - wamtali.
Ware-wren wren, monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa mchira. Ndizosiyana ndi "burashi" lalifupi la nthenga za abale. Mtundu wa maula nawonso ndi wosiyana. Palibe pafupifupi mutu m'mutuwo. Mitengo yozizira ya bulauni imapambana.
Pali Stefensky akadali shrubby wren. Amakhala pachilumba cha Stevens zokha. Ptah amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa ma toni amtundu wa azitona komanso kulephera kuuluka. Mapiko ochepa a mbalame yocheperako sangathe kukweza m'mwamba.
Komabe, kodi a Stephen Wren amakhala? Oimira nyamayo sanawonedwe kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake amawonedwa kuti amwalira. Amphaka omwe amabweretsedwa pachilumbachi akuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha kufa kwa anthu. Anagwira mbalame zonse, osatha kuuluka kwa olakwawo.
Mbalame za Stefano zimadziwikanso New Zealand wrenschifukwa chilumba cha Stevens chili pagombe la New Zealand. Nthawi ina, asayansi akuti, zachilengedwe zomwe sizinakhalepo zidakhala m'maiko akuluakulu a dzikolo. Koma, mzaka za 19, madera amasankhidwa ndi Māori.
Stephens kapena New Zealand Wren
Ndi iwo, anthu amabweretsa makoswe otchedwa Polynesian. Oganiza kale amene adaseseratu zitsamba zamadzi ku kontrakitala? Makoswe amapeza mbalame zouluka mosavuta. Ndiye chifukwa cha kufa kwa shrubby wrens Na. 1. Amphaka "amangofinya" zinthu.
Palinso mitundu yopeka ya wren. Ingokumbukirani masewera apakompyuta Wowhead. Zakhala dziwe wren. Zinthu zapaderazi sizofanana ndi mbalame. Wren pamasewera - galimoto yomwe imapereka ufulu m'madzi ndi malo opanda mpweya.
ZONSE ZABWINO
Ma wrens amadya kwambiri pazakudya za nyama: tizilombo nthawi zonse za kukula kwawo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, nyerere, maulesi, mphutsi ndi ziphuphu za agulugufe - awa ndiye mndandanda wawukulu wa wren. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyi imadya nkhono zazing'ono, nsomba zazing'ono ndi ma tadpole. Wrens kukafunafuna chakudya cham'madzi m'nkhalangozi, zitsamba, zophulika mphepo, zimayenda pamitengo. Zakudya za mbalameyi zimaphatikizanso njere zochepa, ndipo kumapeto - zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Zomera zokhala ndi maiyo zimadyetsedwa ndi tizilombo tokha.
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Wren ndi mbalame yomwe imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Imapezeka kudera lina la Asia, ku Europe, North Africa ndi North America.
Wrens amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso m'nkhalango zotentha kwambiri, m'mapululu, m'malo otsetsereka, ndi mapiri. Mbalame zimakhala pansi pamtunda, zitsamba, ferns, ndi mabulosi akuda, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi madzi. Anthu ena amakhala atangokhala, enanso osamuka kapena osamuka (kutengera madera omwe amakhala). Ma Wren akufuna zakudya pansi kapena pamwamba pa nthaka. Choopsa chachikulu kwa mbalame zazing'onozi ndi nyengo yozizira, yozizira. Ngati nthawi yozizira dzikolo lakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa kwambiri kapena matalala ozizira apitilizabe, ndiye kuti izi zimayambitsa kutayika kwakukulu - pafupifupi theka la mbalame zimafa.
Ana ndi mbalame zazing'ono, kotero, usiku wozizira kwambiri amataya kutentha kwambiri kuposa mbalame zazikulu. M'nyengo yozizira, zisa, zophatikizika, anthu angapo amatha kugona limodzi.
Kufalitsa
Ming'oma yaimuna imakhala pagawo limodzi chaka chonse. Kuyimba mokweza, amalemba malire a madera awo. Wrens amayimba mokweza kwambiri kumapeto kwa Marichi, kwinaku akuchita zibwenzi ndi kumanga zisa. Pakadali pano, yamphongo imamanga zisa zingapo, pomwe mkazi amasankha zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Zisa za Wren nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo obowoleza pansi. Zimakhala zopindika, khomo lolowera mbali. Pokopeka ndi nyimbo yaimphongo, wamkazi amasankha chisa chophweka kwambiri ndi kuyikira mazira. Yachikazi yokha imalowetsa mazira. Wamphongo panthawiyi amateteza gawo kapena, zomwe zimachitikanso, amasamalira mkazi wina. Posakhalitsa, mazira amawoneka mu chisa chimodzi. Mkazi aliyense amayikira mazira kawiri pa nyengo, motero ma wrens ndi makolo akulu. Mazira a mazira amatha masiku 14-15.
M'masiku 16-17 otsatira, makolo amadyetsa anapiyewo, komabe, amphongo amawulukira chisa kawirikawiri kuposa chachikazi. Ana akachoka pachisa, chachikazi chimapitanso kwina.
ONANI ZINSINSI
Ngakhale kuti mbalameyi imakhala yofala ku Central Europe, sizovuta kudziwa. Wren ndi mbalame yaying'ono yamtundu wamtambo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake pang'ono komanso mtundu wamafuta, mbalameyi imakhazikika msipu wamtchire komanso pakati pazomera zina. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva kuimba kwa wren. Pakatikati, mbalameyi imavuta kudziwa poyimba mokweza kwambiri, cholinga chake ndikuyitanira chachikazi ndi kuchenjeza omwe akwatirana nawo kuti gawo lino lakhazikika kale. Mwana wamphongo wamwamuna amayenda padziko lonse lapansi kukafunafuna chakudya ndi zinthu zomanga chisa ndikuyimba mofuula. Nthawi zina amaima, n'kukwera pamwamba pa mtengo kapena kukhala pachitsa ndikuchita kunenepa. Nyimbo ya Wren ndi yokongola komanso yosavuta kukumbukira. Ndi nyimbo iyi, momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso mchira wokwera m'mwamba, ndizosavuta kuzindikira mbalameyi. Zakudya za wren ndizochepa, motero zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti azikhala mu ukapolo. M'nyengo yozizira, ma wren amathanso kudyetsedwa ndi kuthira chakudya kwa mbalame zosavulaza mu odyetsa. Mulu wa mitengo yamtengo ikusiyidwa m'minda - tizirombo tikabisala.
DZIWANI IZI:
- Nthawi zina nyengo yotentha, pafupifupi 60 60 amakhala m'malo amodzi, kumalumikizana.
- Zisa zam'madzi zimatalika kwambiri m'mapiri. Zidutswa zake zidapezeka m'mapiri a Tibet pamtunda wamamita pafupifupi 5500 pamwamba pa nyanja. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imapezeka m'malo ammapiri pamtunda wa 4500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja.
NKHANI ZABWINO ZA Wren
Maonekedwe a wren ndi kukula kwake kocheperako komanso mchira wokwezedwa utatalika pafupifupi. Chinanso chomwe chimachitika ndi mbalameyi ndikuti, ngati mbewa, imakhota m'nkhalangozi. Ngakhale kukula kwa wren, mawu ake ndi akulu kwambiri. Izi mwina ndichifukwa choti mbalame imakhala pachimake chachikulu. Amuna akulu akulu ndi akazi a ming'oma ali utoto womwewo, mtundu wa mbalame zazing'ono ndi wopepuka.
Chidacho chimakonzedwa ndi mbira yamphongo (chisa chake ndi chachikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo). Yaikazi imayikira mazira asanu kapena asanu ndi amodzi mu chisa.
- Kukhazikika kwa wren
PAMENE AMAKHALA
Wren imapezeka ku Europe, North Africa, madera a Asia, ndi North America. Uyu ndiye woimira banja yekha amene amakhala ku New and Old World.
KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA
Wren ndi amodzi mwa mbalame zambiri ku Central Europe, ngakhale kuti anthu ake amatengera nyengo yachisanu.