Coelacanth - woimirira yekhayo wa gulu lakale la coelacanthids. Chifukwa chake, ndizopadera - zomwe zimapangidwira sizikuwululidwanso, ndipo kafukufuku wake akuwulula zinsinsi za chisinthiko, chifukwa ndizofanana kwambiri ndi makolo akale omwe adayenda panyanja ya Dziko lapansi kale - ngakhale asadapite kumtunda.

Nsomba Yozizwitsa - Coelacanth

Woyankha wa Sayansi ya Zachilengedwe N. Pavlova, wothandizira wamkulu wa Zoological Museum of Moscow State University

Dzinali limatanthauzira kwambiri kuti ndi nsomba yakale kwambiri. XX century. " Nyama yabwinoyi ikhoza kuwoneka mu Zoological Museum yaku Moscow State University.

Owerenga adapempha akonziwo kuti anene zambiri mwatsatanetsatane kuposa momwe nyuzipepala zothandizira zimakhalira. Tikwaniritsa pempho lathu.

Pa Januware 3, 1938, Pulofesa wa Chemistry ku Greymstown College (Union of South Africa) J.L. B. Smith adalandira kalata kuchokera kwa woyang'anira pa East London Museum, a Miss M. Courtenay-Latimer, akunena kuti nsomba zosazolowereka zaperekedwa kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale.

Pulofesa Smith, katswiri wokonda masewera ena, kwa zaka zambiri amatola zokhudzana ndi nsomba zaku South Africa ndipo motero amafanana ndi malo onse osungirako zinthu zakale mdziko muno. Ndipo ngakhale molingana ndi kujambula kolondola kwambiri, adatsimikiza kuti woyimira nsomba zamkati, amene amakhulupirira kuti adamwalira zaka pafupifupi 50 miliyoni zapitazo, adagwidwa.

Pulofesa Smith amalemekezedwa kuti apeza, atchule ndi kufotokoza burashi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, malo aliwonse osungirako zinthu zakale mdziko lapansi amafuna kupeza zofanana ndi nsomba iyi, yotchedwa Latimeria Halumna.

Chiyerekezo cha makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu cha coelacanth chidagwidwa pa Seputembara 16, 1971 ku oud - nyamboyo inali nsomba yam'nyanja yakuya - wokhala ku Comoros, adatero Mohamed Mohamed. Kutalika kwa nsomba ndi masentimita 164, kulemera - 65 kilogalamu.

Coelacanth iyi idapezeka ndi Institute of Oceanology ya USSR Academy of Sciences ndipo idasamutsidwa ku Moscow State University Zoological Museum kuti isungidwe. Mu msonkhanowu, chithunzi chenicheni cha nkhanizo chinapangidwa ndi gypsum ndikuyika chiwonetsero.

Coelacanth: kuchokera kumutu mpaka mchira

Ndipo apa tili ndi “miyendo yakale yakale”, monga Pulofesa Smith amatchulira. Inde, ali wofanana kwambiri ndi abale ake akale, omwe mawonekedwe ake amatidziwika kuchokera kukonzanso zinthu zakale. Komanso, sizinasinthe kwambiri pazaka 300 miliyoni zapitazo.

Coelacanth adasunga zinthu zakale za makolo ake akale. Thupi lake lalikulu limakutidwa ndi miyeso yayikulu, yamphamvu. Ma mbale osiyana amapangizana wina ndi mnzake kotero kuti thupi la nsomba limatetezedwa ndi katatu, ngati zida.

Makala a coelacanth ndi amtundu wapadera kwambiri. Mwa nsomba zamakono, palibe amene amapezeka. Ma tubercles ambiri pamwamba pa masikelo amapangitsa kuti malo ake akhale oyipa, ndipo anthu okhala ku Comoros nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zosiyana mmalo mwa emery.

Latimeria ndi nyama yolusa, ndipo nsagwada zake zamphamvu zili ndi mano akulu akulu.

Choyambirira komanso chodabwitsa kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a coelacanth ndi zipsepse zake. Pakatikati pa mapiri a caudal pamakhala chiwombankhanga china chowonjezera - mkombero wa mchira wamitundu yakale, womwe nsomba zamakono zinasinthidwa ndi zipsepse zapamwamba komanso zotsika.

M ziphuphu zina zonse za Coelacanth, kupatula mgulu la kunja, zimakhala ngati zotupa. Amakhala ndi mtanda wokhazikika wopaka mamba. Ziphuphu zachiwiri ndi maini zimayenda mosadukiza, ndipo zipsepse zamkati zimatha kuzungulira pafupifupi kulikonse.

Mafupa a pintoral pectoral pintoral ndi zipsepere zamkati za coelacanth zimawoneka mochititsa chidwi kwambiri ngati nthambi ya mikono isanu ya miyendo ya padziko lapansi. Zotsatira zakumbali zimapangitsa kukonzanso kwathunthu chithunzi cha kusinthika kwa mafupa am'mimba mwa nsomba zam'mimba zamkati mwa mafupa a mikono isanu yopingasa ya miyendo yoyamba ya pansi lapansi - ma Stefocephals.

Chibade chake, chonga cha mafuta osokoneza bongo, chimagawika m'magawo awiri - ryl ndi ubongo. Pamwamba pa mutu wa coelacanth wokutidwa ndi mafupa amphamvu, ofanana ndi nsomba zakale zokhala ndi carp, ndipo ofanana kwambiri ndi mafupa ofanana ndi chigaza cha nyama zoyimbira zamiyendo inayi, kapena mitu yankhono. Mwa mafupa opindika pansi pa chigaza, a coelacanth adapanga zolimba zomwe zimatchedwa ma jugular plates, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonedwa mwa mitundu ya zinthu zakale.

M'malo mwa msana, coelacanth yamakono imakhala ndi chingwe cha dorsal - chord chopangidwa ndi zotanuka michere.

M'matumbo a coelacanth pali khola linalake lapadera - spiral valve. Chipangizo chakale kwambiri ichi chimachepetsa kuyenda kwa chakudya motsatira matumbo athu ndikuwonjezera mayamwidwe.

Mtima wa coelacanth umakonzedwa kwambiri. Chimawoneka ngati chubu losongoka ndipo sichiwoneka ngati minofu yamphamvu, yamphamvu yam nsomba zamakono.

Inde, coelacanth ndiofanana kwambiri ndi kutha kwa coelacanths, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Chikhodzodzo chake chosambira chidagwirizana modabwitsa ndikusintha chikwama chaching'ono cha khungu lomwe lidadzaza mafuta. Mwinanso, kuchepa kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndikusintha kwa coelacanth kukhala munyanja, pomwe kufunikira kwa kupuma kwa mapapu kumatha. Zikuwoneka kuti, kusapezeka kwa mphuno zamkati, kwaya, yomwe inali yodziwika ndi nsomba zam'mimba zowonongeka, imagwirizananso ndi izi.

Umu ndi momwe iye, woimira mitundu yakale kwambiri ya ma coelacauts, omwe adapulumuka mpaka lero1 Atasunga zinthu zakale kwambiri momwe adapangidwira, iye nthawi yomweyo adasinthika kukhala ndi moyo wam'nyanja zamakono.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone coelacanth yonse. Kupatula apo, maonekedwe a nsomba amatha kuuza asayansi zambiri za malo omwe amakhala komanso chikhalidwe chake. Izi ndi zomwe Pulofesa Smith akulemba izi: "Kuyambira koyamba pomwe ndinamuwona (coelacanth), nsomba yodabwitsa, yowoneka bwino, idandiwuza momveka bwino ngati ikhoza kunena kuti:

“Onani miyeso yanga yolimba, yamphamvu. Tayang'anani kumutu kwanga, kwa zipsepse zamphamvu. Nditetezedwa bwino kotero kuti sindimawopa mwala uliwonse. Zachidziwikire, ndimakhala m'malo amwala pakati pa miyala. Mutha kundikhulupirira: Ndine munthu wolimba ndipo sindimamuopa aliyense. Zofatsa zakuzama panyanja sizikhala ndi ine. Mtundu wanga wabuluu umakuwuzani kale kuti sindine wokhala mozama. Palibe nsomba zamtambo. Ndimasambira mwachangu mtunda waufupi, ndipo sindikuchifuna: ndikubisala kumbuyo kwa mwala kapena kuchokera pathanthwe ndimathamangira msangawo mwachangu kwakuti alibe chiyembekezo chodzapulumuka. Ndipo ngati chakudya changa chilibe kuyenda, sindiyenera kudzipereka ndekha. Ndimatha kudumphadumpha, ndikumakhazikika pang'onopang'ono pamaenje ndi ndima, ndikumamatira miyala kuti ndizibisala. Yang'anani mano anga, minofu yamphamvu ya nsagwada. Ngati ndigwira munthu, sizivuta kufalikira. Ngakhale nsomba zazikulu zidzachotsedwa. "Ndimasunga nyama mpaka pomwe amwalira, kenako ndikaluma pang'ono kuluma, monga anzanga achita kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri."

A Coelacanth adauza zonsezi komanso zina zambiri kwa maso anga, ndizolowera kuyang'ana nsomba zamoyo.

Sindikudziwa nsomba zamakono kapena zamakedzana zomwe zingakhale zowopsa kwa a coelacanth - "msaki wamatanthwe". M'malo mwake, m'malo mwake, - monga mdyerekezi wamkulu kwambiri, pikeperch - imayimira mdani woopsa kwa nsomba zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'malo a m'matanthwe. M'mawu ake, ndimamuikira gawo lililonse lomwe akumana nalo ngakhale ndi omwe amamuthandiza kwambiri, sindikukayika kuti munthu wosambira m'matanthwe sangasangalale kukumana ndi coelacanth. ”

Coelacanth: kusaka kumapitilira

Papita nthawi yayitali kuchokera pamene kutsegulidwa kwa coelacanth, ndipo asayansi ochepa okha aphunzira zinthu zatsopano. Izi ndizomveka: pambuyo pa zonse, pa Comoros, m'madzi momwe mumapezeka nsomba zodabwitsa, kulibe mabungwe asayansi, ndipo nthawi zina nsomba zomwe zimangobwera zikafika mosachedwa kuti asayansi apezeka atamwalira komanso kuti anali atawola kale.

Poganizira ziwerengero za latimeria, kuyambira 1952 (pomwe chiwembu chachiwiri chinagwidwa) mpaka 1970, pafupifupi, nsomba ziwiri kapena zitatu zimagwidwa pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, onse kupatula oyambayo anagwidwa. Milandu ya mwayi idagawidwa mosasamala pazaka: yomwe idachita bwino kwambiri inali 1965th (ma coelacanths asanu ndi awiri), komanso ochepera kwambiri - 1961 (buku limodzi). Monga lamulo, ma coelacanths adagwidwa pakati pa eyiti madzulo ndi awiri m'mawa. Pafupifupi nsomba zonse zidagwidwa kuyambira Novembala mpaka Epulo. Kuchokera pamasamba awa, munthu sayenera kuganiza zakanthawi za zizolowezi za "miyendo yakale inayi": ziwonetsero zimawonetsa nyengo zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mderalo komanso momwe asodzi amagwirira ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembara - Okutobala, Comoros nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphepo zamphamvu zakumwera chakum'mawa, zowopsa kwa ma pie osalimba, ndipo asodzi samapita kunyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, munyengo yakutonthola, asodzi aku Comorian amakonda kusodza usiku, kutentha kukacheperako komanso kumawomba kamphepo kayeziyezi.

Mauthenga onena zakuya komwe coelacanth amapezekanso sayenera kufunikanso kufunika. Kuzama kwa asodzi kumayesedwa ndi kutalika kwa chingwe cholumikizidwa, ndipo mu skein pamakhala, monga lamulo, osapitirira mamitala mazana atatu - chifukwa chake kuya kwakukulu kwambiri komwe coelacanth adakokedwa kumatanthauza 300 metres. Kumbali ina, zonena kuti nsomba sizikwera pamwamba pamtunda wa mita zana ndizokayikitsa. Chowala chamiyacho chimamangirizidwa ndi twine ndi ulusi, ndipo chomira chikakhudza pansi, ulusiwo umang'ambika ndi jerk lakuthwa. Pambuyo pake, madzi apansi pamadzi amatha kunyamula mbeza ya nyambo, ndipo ndizosatheka kuweruza kuya kwakutali kutalika kwa mapasa.

Chifukwa chake, titha kulingaliridwa kuti ma coelacanth ena mwina anali otambasuka kuchokera pansi kufikako ku ma scuba divers. Koma poganizira kuti coelacanth imawopa kuwala, imakwera mpaka mamita 60-80 kokha usiku, ndipo palibe aliyense amene adaganiza zothira ndi zida zotentha usiku, kutali ndi gombe, m'madzi odzaza shaki.

Asayansi ambiri apita kukafunafuna coelacanth, monga lamulo, kusaka kwawo kunalibe. Tidzangonena za chimodzi mwa maulendo omaliza, zotsatira zake, zomwe munthu ayenera kuganiza, ziziwulula zinsinsi zambiri za moyo komanso kusinthika kwa coelacanth.

Mu 1972, bungwe laling'ono la Anglo-French-America linalumikizana. Asanaperekedwe kukonzekera kwakanthawi komanso mwatsatanetsatane. Pomwe akafuna kugwidwa kawirikawiri, ndizosatheka kudziwa pasadakhale, ndipo kuti asasokonezeke panthawi yofunikira, kunali kofunikira kuti ajambule momveka bwino za zoyenera kuchita ndi nsomba zomwe zagwidwazo: zomwe muyenera kuziwona akadali ndi moyo, momwe angachitire, ziwalo zathupi, momwe mungazisungire kuti mudzaphunzire pambuyo panjira zosiyanasiyana. Mndandanda wa akatswiri azachilengedwe ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana omwe amafotokozera kuti akufuna kupeza zitsanzo zamagulu osiyanasiyana ophunzirira adapangidwa pasadakhale. Mndandanda anali maadiresi makumi asanu.

Mamembala awiri oyamba a ulendowo - Mfalansa J. Anthony ndi katswiri wazowonda zachilengedwe zaku England a J. Forster - adafika pachilumba cha Grand Comor pa Januware 1, 1972. Mu garage yopanda kanthu yomwe akuluakulu aboma adayipanga, adayamba kukhazikitsa labotale, ngakhale zida zambiri zidali m'njira. Ndipo Lachinayi la Januware uthenga udafika kuti coelacanth idatumizidwa ku Anjouan Island! Msodziyo adatha kumusunga kwa maola asanu ndi anayi, koma akatswiriwo adachedwa ndipo adatha kuyamba kukonzekera kokha maola 6 nsomba itagona. Maola asanu ndi limodzi pansi pa dzuwa lotentha! Zinali zotheka kupulumutsa ziwalo kuti ziwonetsetse zam'thupi.

Omwe amachoka nawo adapita kumidzi ingapo, ndikulonjeza kuti adzalandira mphotho yayikulu pachilichonse choyendera limodzi. Adayesetsa kuyigwira - koma sizinathandize.

Pa Marichi 22, sabata lisanafike kumaliza ulendowo, pomwe ambiri mwa omwe adataya chikhulupiriro, atachoka, ndipo awiriwo otsala pang'ono pang'ono adanyamula mabotolo awo, mankhwala ndi zida, msodzi wakale wa Mali Yusuf Kaar adabweretsa coelacanth pie yake. Ngakhale kutatsala pang'ono kucha, adadzutsa wamkulu pamudzi, ndipo adatsata asayansi. Pakadali pano, nsomba ija idayikidwa m'khola lomwe lidakonzedweratu kuti izi zitheke, yomwe idamizidwa munyanja m'malo osaya.

Apa ndipomwe malangizo omwe adalembedwa kale adabwera! Choyamba, ndikuwala kwa mauni ndi magetsi tochi, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamankhwala amafufuza mwatsatanetsatane momwe coelacanth ikuyandama. Pakadali pano, nsomba zambiri zimapinda mafunde mthupi kapena zimachotsedwa m'madzi ndikamenyedwa ndi mchira. Coelacanth wokwera pokhapokha ndi dorsal yachiwiri ndiinsininsin. Onse pamodzi adagwada kumanja, kenako mwachangu kubwerera kumalo apakati, ndikupereka kukoka kwa thupi la nsomba, ndipo mosinthanitsa adapita kumanzere, pambuyo pake kukankha kumatsatiranso. Mchira sunachite nawo gawo, koma kuweruza ndi minyewa yake yamphamvu, coelacanth imagwiritsa ntchito mchirawo pamtunda wamtunda, kumugwira womenyedwayo ndi jerk imodzi.

Zipsepse zamakutu zimagwedezeka mosadukiza, ndikuwongolera kuyenda ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi likhala m'madzi. Zipsepse zotsalazo sizikuyenda.

Umboni woti maso amoyo wa coelacanth, sunali wolondola. Pokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, omwe ali pansi pa retina, amawala chifukwa cha nyali, ngati maso a mphaka.

Kutacha, mayendedwe a nsomba anali kujambulidwa mufilimu, ndipo zithunzi zajambulidwa. Mtundu wa coelacanth ndi wakuda komanso wakuda bii. Kufotokozedwa ndi olemba ena, mtundu wowala wa buluu umangowonetsera thambo lamtambo lotuwa m'miyala yowala.

Pofika masana, zinaonekeratu kuti nsomba ija, itakhala pafupifupi maola 10 m'madzi osaya, sichikhala nthawi yayitali. Kutsatira dongosolo, akatswiri a zaumoyo adayamba kulira. Ntchito imeneyi inkatenga tsiku lonse. Choyamba, zitsanzo zamagazi zidatengedwa (zimawonongeka mofulumira kwambiri), ndiye kuti ziwalo zamkati zidakhazikitsidwa kuti ziunikidwe pansi pa ma microscope amagetsi, kusanthula ndi microscopy wamba.

Pambuyo pake, adaperekedwa ku Europe, zitsanzozo zidatumizidwa kwa asayansi achidwi. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo sizinafotokozedwe, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti zitsanzo zatsopano "zatsopano" zamitundu yachilendo ya nsomba zimafotokoza zambiri zokhudza thupi, moyo wawo, komanso kusinthika kwa nyama zapamsewu.

Pomaliza, titha kubwereranso ku buku la Smith ndipo, ndi mawu a munthu amene adapeza "zowoneka bwino za m'zaka za zana la 20" kwa ife, kumaliza nkhani yokhudza coelacanth.

"Kupezeka kwa coelacanth kumawonetsa kuti ife, kwenikweni, timadziwa zochepa za moyo wam'nyanja. Ndizowona kuti ulamuliro wamunthu umatha pomwe nthaka yathera. Ngati tili ndi malingaliro okwanira amitundu mitundu ya moyo wapadziko lapansi, ndiye kuti kudziwa kwathu okhala m'madzimo sikungotopetsa, ndipo mphamvu yathu pa moyo wathu ndi yopanda tanthauzo. Tengani, titi, Paris kapena London. Palibe mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse mkati mwawo omwe sayang'aniridwa ndi anthu, kupatula, ochepa. Koma mkati mwenimweni mwa malo akale azotukuka ano - m'mitsinje ya Thames ndi Seine - moyo umachitika ndendende miliyoni, zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo, zakale komanso zakuthengo. Palibe chosungira chimodzi momwe moyo ungamvere malamulo operekedwa ndi munthu.

Pafukufuku wambiri wachitika mu nyanja, ndipo mwadzidzidzi adapeza coelacanth - nyama yayikulu, yamphamvu! Inde, tikudziwa zochepa kwambiri. Ndipo tili ndi chiyembekezo kuti mitundu ina yakale imakhalabe kwinakwake kunyanja. ”

Latimeria halumna, coelacanth

Monga nyama ina iliyonse, coelacanth ili ndi mayina angapo. Nthawi zambiri samamvetsedwa ndi munthu wosamudziwa.

Dzina lake generic - LATIMERIA - adaperekedwa ndi Pulofesa Smith polemekeza a Miss Latimer. Anali iye amene adazindikira koyamba mu nsomba yachinsinsi yomwe idagwa, zomwe sizinali zachilendo. Akatswiri azachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amatcha zinyama kapena mbewu anthu atakhala ndi sayansi.

Liwu lachiwiri - HALUMNA - dzina linalake. Halumna - dzina la mtsinje, pafupi ndi kamwa pomwe nsomba yoyamba ya cysterae idagwidwa.

Coelacanth nthawi zambiri imatchedwa CELLACANT. Izi ndizovomerezeka: nsomba iyi ndi gawo la superorder, yomwe imatchedwa. Mawu oti "coelacanth" potanthauzira kuchokera ku Latin amatanthauza "munga wopanda kanthu". M'malo mwa nsomba zambiri, ma spikes olimba amawoneka bwino kumtunda ndi pansi pa msana. Mu coelacanths, ma spikes awa ndi opanda pake komanso osalimbikira. Chifukwa chake dzinalo.

Coelacanth amatchedwanso KISTEREPERA FISH. Ili ndi dzina la nsomba zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi zipsepse zofanana ndi coelacanth.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Coelacanthaceae adawoneka zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo izi zikangokhala zambiri, koma mtundu umodzi wokha udalipobe mpaka lero, kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri. Chifukwa ma coelacanths amatengedwa ngati nsomba zolengedwa - zamoyo zakale.

M'mbuyomu, asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti kwa zaka zonsezi coelacanths sanasinthe pafupifupi kusintha kulikonse, ndipo timawaona monga kale. Koma atafufuza zamtundu, zidapezeka kuti zikubwera pa liwiro labwino - komanso zidapezeka kuti zimayandikira kwambiri ma tetrapod kuposa nsomba.

Ma coelacanth-like (colloquingly coelacanth, ngakhale asayansi amangowatcha kuti amodzi okha a nsomba zamtunduwu) ali ndi mbiri yayitali kwambiri ndipo amapanga mitundu ingapo: kukula kwa nsomba zomwe zinali zaudalowu zimachokera pa masentimita 10 mpaka 200, zinali ndi matupi osiyanasiyana - kutalika kwa ziphuphu zakumaso, kapangidwe kake ka zipsepse zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndipo panali mawonekedwe ena.

Mbiri yopezeka

Latimeria - nsomba yochokera ku banja la Latimeriaa Celacanthus. Coelacanths ankakhala kunyanja zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo mpaka posachedwapa, asayansi sankaganiza kuti nyama zakalezi zasungidwa kwinakwake. Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wofukula, ichthyologists amakhulupirira kuti coelacanth inasiya kukhalapo zaka 65 miliyoni zapitazo, koma kupezeka kwa asodzi aku South Africa kwatsutsa malingaliro a asayansi.

Kumapeto kwa 1938, nsomba yachilendo inagwera muukonde kwa asodzi, omwe maonekedwe ake anali osiyana kwambiri ndi ena onse asodzi. Amuna sanadye, ndipo inyamula kupita kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale. Wogwira ntchito kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale a M. Cortene-Latimer adadabwitsanso kwambiri ndi nsomba zomwe adaziwona ndipo sakanatha kudziwa kuti ndi banja liti. Kenako mzimayi adalemba kalata kwa katsthyologist James Smith pofotokoza zomwe wapeza, ndipo adapatsa cholengedwa chododwacho kwa akatswiri opanga nyama yomwe ili ndi zinthuzo (pamalo osungirako zinthu zakalepo sanapulumutsenso nsomba).

Atawerenga kalata yomwe Cortene-Latimer adangofotokoza zomwe adapeza, komanso kujambulanso mwatsatanetsatane, James Smith adazindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti ndi Coelacanth, nzika yakale yam'madzi yomwe anthu amawaganizira kuti imatha. Pambuyo kanthawi, ichthyologist adabwera ku malo osungirako zinthu zakale ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nsombazo zomwe zinagwidwa zilidi zoimira dongosolo la Celacanthus. Asayansi adalemba momwe amafotokozera nyama, adafalitsa buku lake mu buku lasayansi. Coelacanth adalandira dzina la Chilatini lotchedwa Cortene-Latimer - Latimeria chalumnae, pomwe liwu lachiwiri likuwonetsa malo omwe latimeria idakhala (mtsinje wa Chalumna).

Asayansi anapitiliza kufunafuna ma coelacanths, koma patangopita zaka 14 pambuyo pake chiwonetsero chachiwiri cha coelacanth chinagwidwa. Mu 1997, mtundu wina wa coelacanth, Latimeria menadoensis, unapezeka; pofika 2006, nthumwi zinayi zamtunduwu zidadziwika.

Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya ma coelacanth omwe amapezeka ndizochepa; mwachiwonekere, nsomba sizimasiyananso. Zowona kuti Latimeria chalumnae ndi Latimeria menadoensis ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ichthyologists adakhazikitsa pamaziko a kufufuza kwa majini.

Kufotokozera kwa coelacanth

Maonekedwe a coelacanth adakhalabe yemweyo monga anali zaka mamiliyoni zapitazo, ndipo ndiokhawo kwa nsomba yomwe ili ndi burashi yomwe idakhalabe yoyambirira mpaka pano.

Chizindikiro cha coelacanths ndi minofu lobes yomwe ili m'munsi mwa zipsepse. Mothandizidwa ndi minofu iyi, nsomba zimatha kuyenda pansi pa malo osungira.

Nsomba ya cystepera ya coelacanth idapulumuka chifukwa cha kusankhidwa, komwe kumatchedwa kukhazikika. Kusankha kwamtunduwu kwachilengedwe kumasunga zolengedwa zomwe zimawonetsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu kuzinthu zachilengedwe.

Zowoneka ngati coelacanth:

• Mulingo wolimba komanso wolimba.
• Mtundu waimvi.
• Malo akulu akulu oyera amwazika thupi lonse, kuphatikiza mutu ndi zipsepse.
• Kutalika kwa akazi ndi 190 cm.
• Kutalika kwa amuna ndi 150 cm.
• Kulemera - 50 mpaka 90 kg.

Chosangalatsa cha ma coelacanths ndikuthekeka kwa kutsegula pakamwa pawo osati pongotsitsa nsagwada, komanso kukweza kumtunda. Kapangidwe ka chakudya m'mimba, maso, ndi mtima ndizosiyana pakapangidwe ka nsomba zamakono.

Zolengedwa zakale zimasambira pakuya kwa 100-200 m, kubisala masana m'mapanga m'madzi, ndikusambira usiku kufunafuna nyama. M'madzi, nsomba zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina zimatembenuka molunjika pansi. Ma sensrosensory sensors ali pamutu pa ma coelacanths, chifukwa chake ndizosavuta kwa anthu kudziwa nyama - nsomba zazing'ono zakuya, cephalopods, ndi nyama zina zomwe zimakhala m'mapanga am'madzi.

Njira yolerera coelacanth ndikupanga mazira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti yaikazi imanyamula mazira mkati mwake, m'mimba mwake nsomba zazing'ono zimasiya dzira, kenako ndikubadwa. Njira ya umuna ndi kubereka ana mwa ma coelacanths sizinaphunziridwe kwathunthu, popeza asayansi sanakumanepo ndi pakati wokhala ndi pakati.

Malo omwe ma coelacanths amakono ndi osiyanasiyana. Izi nsomba zimapezeka m'malo ngati awa:

• madzi pafupi ndi zilumba za Grand Comor (pafupi ndi Strait of Mozambique),
• malo am'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Kenya,
• gombe lakummawa kwa South Africa.

Kusiyana kwa mtunda pakati pa omwe wapezeka nthawi ya coelacanth kumafika 10,000 km, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufalikira kwa anthu awo.

Coelacanth mdziko lamakono

Coelacanth ndichinthu chomwe asayansi amachita nacho chidwi, amakupatsani mwayi woti mufufuze magawo a chisinthiko ndikumva kulumikizana kwa nthawi. Nsomba zotsalazo sizikuyimira phindu lililonse, chifukwa nyama yake siyingadyedwe chifukwa cha fungo lokapweteka komanso fungo lovunda. Pali nthawi zina pomwe anthu am'derali adagwiritsa ntchito nyama ya coelacanth pofuna kuchiritsa - akuganiza kuti ili ndi mankhwala odana ndi malungo. Koma kudya nyama yokonzedwa bwino mkati mwa munthu kumayambitsa matenda otsegula m'mimba.

Atangopeza ma coelacanths, adazindikiridwa ngati chuma cha dziko la France, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo a Comoros anali a dziko lino. Kusodza kunali koletsedwa, kafukufuku wasayansi yekha ndi amene waloledwa. Mu 80s ya zaka zapitazi, kugulitsa kwa Coelacanth kosavomerezeka ndi cholinga chogulitsa pamsika wakuda, koma atachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu a coelacanth, bungwe lidakhazikitsidwa kuti lizisunga.

Tsopano kuchuluka kwa ma coelacanths akuyerekeza anthu akuluakulu 400, asayansi akutenga njira zonse zotheka kuti asunge nsomba zapa prehistoric, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kumapangitsa moyo wa ma coelacanths.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: nsomba za coelacanth

Mitundu ya Comorian imakhala ndi utoto wamtambo wamtambo, ndipo pamakhala malo akulu akulu otuwa kumaso. Ndiiwo omwe amawasiyanitsa - nsomba iliyonse imakhala ndi mtundu wake. Masamba awa ndi ofanana ndi zipolopolo zomwe zimakhala m'mapanga amodzi momwe ma coelacanths amadziyendera okha. Chifukwa chake kupaka utoto kumawalola kudzipanga okha. Akamwalira, amakhala bulauni, ndipo kwa mitundu yaku Indonesia iyi ndi mtundu wabwinobwino.

Zachikazi ndizazikulu kuposa zamphongo, zimatha kukula mpaka 180-190 masentimita, Amuna amakhala mpaka 140-150 cm. Kulemera 50-85 kilogalamu. Nsomba zokhazokha ndizokhazo zomwe zili zokulirapo, pafupifupi 40 cm - izi zimalepheretsa chidwi cha ambiri omwe amadyera ngakhale mwachangu.

Mafupa a coelacanth ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi akale a makolo awo. Zipsepse zamkati ndizofunikira - pali zisanu ndi zitatu za izo, ziphuphu zopaka utoto zimakhala ndi malamba am'madzi, kuyambira zofananira zakale mapewa ndi mafupa amkati mwa vertebrates opangidwa atapita kumtunda. Kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka ma coelacanths kunayendera m'njira yake - m'malo mwa vertebrae, pali chubu chokulirapo pomwe pamakhala madzi akapanikizika kwambiri.

Kapangidwe ka chigaza nako ndikosiyana: mkati momwemo mumagawika magawo awiri, chifukwa cha coelacanth imatha kutsitsa nsagwada yakumaso ndikweza m'mwamba - chifukwa cha izi, kutsegula pakamwa ndikokulirapo ndikuwonetsa kuyamwa bwino.

Ubongo wa coelacanth ndi wocheperako: kulemera kwake ndi magalamu ochepa chabe, ndipo kumakhala gawo limodzi ndi theka la cranium ya nsomba. Koma ali ndi zovuta za epiphyseal, chifukwa chomwe amatha kujambula bwino. Maso akulu owala amathandizanso izi - zimasinthidwa bwino ndi moyo wamdima.

Komanso, coelacanth ili ndi zinthu zina zambiri zapadera - ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuphunzira nsomba, momwe ofufuza amapeza zinthu zatsopano zomwe zitha kuwunikira zinsinsi zina za chisinthiko. Zowonadi, m'njira zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi nsomba zakale kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yomwe kunalibe moyo wadongosolo konse.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chake, asayansi amatha kuwona momwe zinthu zakale zinagwirira ntchito, zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa kuwerenga mafupa am'madzi. Komanso ziwalo zawo zamkati sizisungidwe konse, ndipo asanatulukidwe kwa coelacanth, munthu amangoganiza momwe angapangidwire.

Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Mu chigaza cha coelacanth pamakhala galatinous patsekeke, chifukwa chake amatha kugunda ngakhale kusinthasintha kakang'ono m'munda wamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, safunikira kuunika kuti amve komwe akumenyedwayo.

Kodi coelacanth amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Cystepera nsomba coelacanth

Madera atatu akuluakulu omwe amakhalamo amadziwika:

• Malawi Channel, komanso gawo lakumpoto pang'ono,
• m'mphepete mwa South Africa
• pafupi ndi doko la Kenya la Malindi,
• Nyanja ya Sulawesi.

Mwinatu uku sikukutha kwa nkhaniyi, ndipo akukhalabe kumadera akutali a dziko lapansi, chifukwa dera lomalizira lomwe amapezeka linapezeka posachedwa - chakumapeto kwa zaka zam'ma 1990. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotalikira kwambiri kuchokera koyambirira awiri - chifukwa chake palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa mtundu wina wa coelacanth kuwonekera mbali ina ya dziko lapansi.

Choyamba, zaka pafupifupi 80 zapitazo, Coelacanth adapezeka pamalo omwe mtsinje wa Chalumna umayenda kulowa m'nyanja (chifukwa chake dzina la mtunduwu ku Latin) kufupi ndi gombe la South Africa. Zinadziwika mwachangu kuti fanizoli lidabwera kuchokera kwina - dera la Comoros. Pafupi ndi iwo kuti coelacanth amakhala kwambiri.

Koma patapita nthawi zinapezeka kuti anthu ake omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa South Africa - amakhala ku Sodwana Bay. China chinapezeka m'mphepete mwa Kenya. Pomaliza, chinyama chachiwiri chinapezeka, chikukhala patali kwambiri kuchokera koyamba, munyanja ina - pafupi ndi chilumba cha Sulawesi, munyanja ya dzina lomweli, ku Pacific Ocean.

Zovuta zomwe zimadziwika ndi coelacanth zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikuti zimakhala mozama, pomwe zimangokhala m'madzi otentha am'madzi otentha, omwe m'mphepete mwake mumakhala mapiri. Nsombazi zimamva bwino kwambiri ngati kutentha kwa madzi kuli pafupifupi 14-18 ° C, ndipo kumadera komwe akukhalako, matenthedwe amenewa amakhala akuya mamita 100 mpaka 350.

Popeza chakudya chakuzama motere ndi chochepa, usiku coelacanth imakwera kuposa kuluma. Masana, kwezerani ma Plita kapena kunyamuka kuti mupumule m'mapanga am'madzi. Chifukwa chake, amasankha malo omwe mapanga oterowo ndi osavuta kupeza.

Ndi chifukwa chake malo ozungulira a Comoros amakonda kwambiri - chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mapiri kwa nthawi yayitali, mapangidwe ambiri apansi panthaka anawonekera kumeneko, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri ma coelacanths. Pali chinthu chinanso chofunikira kwambiri: amakhala m'malo okhawo kumene madzi abwino amalowa mnyanja kudzera m'mapanga awa.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba ya cysterae coelacanth imakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.

Kodi chimadya coelacanth ndi chiani?

Chithunzi: Coelacanth yamakono

Izi ndi nsomba zodya nyama, koma zimasambira pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimamuthandiza kudziwa kadyedwe kake - makamaka zimakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, osatha kusambira ngakhale iye.

• nsomba zazing'anga - berix, snappers, Cardinals, ma eel,
• cuttlefish ndi ma mollusks ena,
• anchova ndi tinsomba tina tating'ono,
• asodzi ang'ono.

Ma Coelacanths amafufuza chakudya m'mapanga omwewo momwe amakhala nthawi zambiri, akusambira pafupi ndi makoma awo ndikuyamwa nyama yomwe yabisidwa m'malo amtunduwu - kapangidwe ka chigaza ndi nsagwada kumawathandiza kuti azitha kudya chakudya champhamvu. Ngati sikokwanira, ndipo nsomba imakhala ndi njala, ndiye kuti usiku imayandama ndikuyang'ana chakudya chapafupi.

Zitha kukhala zokwanira nyama yayikulu - chifukwa chaichi, mano amapangidwira, ang'ono. Pa ulesi wake wonse, ngati coelacanth itagwira kale nyama, zimakhala zovuta kuthana - ndi nsomba yamphamvu. Koma mano ake siabwino kuluma ndi kubalalitsa nyama, ndiye muyenera kumeza lonse.

Mwachilengedwe, umakumbidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe ma coelacanth amakhala ndi mpweya wopangika bwino - gawo linalake lomwe limangokhala nsomba zingapo zokha. Kudzimbidwa mkati mwake ndikutali, koma kumakupatsani mwayi kudya chilichonse popanda zotsatira zoyipa.

Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Coelacanth yamoyo imatha kuphunziridwa pansi pamadzi - mukadzafika pamwamba, kupuma kwamphamvu kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi ofunda kwambiri, ndipo amwalira ngakhale mutawaika mwachangu m'madzi ozizira.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Latimeria kuchokera ku Red Book

Masana coelacanth amakhala m'phanga, kupumula, koma usiku amapita kokasaka, pomwe iwo amatha kulowa pansi kwambiri m'madzi ndipo mosiyanasiyana. Samatha mphamvu yayikulu pakusambira: amayesa kukwera njirayo ndi kuilola kuti isenze yokha, ndipo zipsepse zimangoyendetsa chiwongolero ndikumazungulira zopinga zina.

Ngakhale nsomba za coelacanth komanso zopatsa thupi, koma kapangidwe ka zipsepse zake ndizosangalatsa pophunzira, amalola kuti zizisambira m'njira yosazolowereka. Choyamba, imafunika kuthamanga, yomwe imalowetsa m'madzi ndi zipsepse, kenako ndikulowera m'madzi kusiyana ndikuyandama - kusiyana kwa nsomba zina zambiri pamene zikuyenda zikugwira.

Madera oyamba amakhala ngati mtundu wa ngalawa, ndipo mchira umakhala nthawi zambiri, koma ngati nsomba ili pachiwopsezo, mothandizidwa ndi iyo imatha kugwedezeka. Ngati akufunika kutembenukira, amasunthira ndalama imodzi ya pectori mpaka mthupi, ndipo yachiwiriyo imawongoledwa. Chisomo pakuyenda kwa coelacanth sichambiri, koma chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake mwachuma.

Ichi ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakubala kwa coelacanth: ndiwosakhazikika komanso osagwidwa, kwenikweni sikwukali, ndipo zoyesayesa zonse za nsomba zam'madzi ndizolinga zopulumutsa zinthu. Ndipo pakusintha kumeneku, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika!

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Masana, ma coelacanths amasonkhana m'mapanga m'magulu, koma palibe njira imodzi yoyendetsera: monga ofufuza anakhazikitsa, anthu ena amakhala akusonkhana m'mapanga amodzi, pomwe ena amasambira mosiyanasiyana nthawi iliyonse, motero amasintha gululi. Zomwe zikuyembekezeka sizinakhazikitsidwe.

Ma Coelacanth ndi ovoviviparous, mazira amatha kukhala ndi mano komanso dongosolo logaya chakudya ngakhale asanabadwe - ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti amadya mazira ochulukirapo. Amayi angapo oyembekezera omwe ali ndi pakati amatiwa ndi izi: mwa iwo omwe ali ndi pakati adakhalapo, mazira 50-70 adapezeka, ndipo mwa omwe mazira ali pafupi kubereka, adakhala ochepa kwambiri - kuyambira 5 mpaka 30.

Mimbayo imadyetsanso mwa kuyamwa mkaka wa intrauterine. Njira yolembera nsomba imakonzedwa bwino, kulola kubadwa kwa mwachangu komanso mwachangu lalikulu lomwe limatha kudzilimira lokha. Mimba imatenga nthawi yoposa chaka.

Ndipo kutha msinkhu kumachitika zaka 20, kenako kubereka kumachitika kamodzi pazaka 3-4. Chonde ndi chamkati, ngakhale asayansi sakudziwa tsatanetsatane. Sanakhazikitsidwe komwe ma coelacanths ang'ono amakhala - samakhala m'mapanga ndi akulu, chifukwa nthawi yonse ya kafukufuku awiri okha adapezeka, ndipo amangosambira munyanja.

Adani achilengedwe a coelacanths

Chithunzi: nsomba za coelacanth

Akuluakulu a coelacanth ndi nsomba yayikulu ndipo, ngakhale akuchedwa, amatha kudziteteza. Mwa oyandikana ndi nyanja zam'madzi, popanda mavuto akulu, ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuthana nazo. Chifukwa ndi ma coelacanth awo okha omwe amawopa - pambuyo pa zonse, asodzi amadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimangoona.

Ngakhale kukoma kwa nyama ya coelacanth, kupatsa mwamphamvu nyama yowola, sikumawavutitsa konse - chifukwa sikuti amadana ndi zovunda zenizeni. Koma kukoma uku mwanjira ina kunathandizira kuti asungidwe a ma coelacanths - anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo omwe amakhala, mosiyana ndi asayansi, adziwa kalekale za iwo, koma pafupifupi sanawagwiritsepo ntchito ngati chakudya.

Koma nthawi zina amadyabe, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti nyama ya coelacanth imathandiza pa malungo. Mulimonsemo, kugwira kwawo kunali kosagwira, kotero mwina anthuwa amakhalabe pamodzimodzi. Adavutika kwambiri panthawi yomwe msika weniweni wakuda udapangidwa, momwe iwo adagulitsira madzi kuchokera kuzinthu zawo zachilendo.

Chochititsa chidwi: makolo a ma coelacanths anali ndi mapapu athunthu, ndipo mazira awo amakhalabe ndi iwo - koma mluza ukamakula, mapapu omwe amapitilira amapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo monga chotulukapo chake, amapitilira kukula. Latimeria anasiya kukhala wofunikira atayamba kukhala m'madzi akuya - poyamba, asayansi adatenga zotsalira zamapapu ngati chishalo cha nsomba.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Cystepera nsomba coelacanth

Mitundu ya ku Indonesia imadziwika kuti ndi yosatetezeka, ndipo mitundu ya Comorian ili pafupi kutha. Onsewa amatetezedwa, kugwira kwawo ndikoletsedwa. Asanatsegule nsomba izi, ngakhale anthu akumaderako am'madzi amadziwa za iwo, sanawagwire, chifukwa sanawadye.

Atazipeza, zidapitilira kwakanthawi, koma kenako mphekesera zomwe zidayamba kufalikira zoti madzi omwe amachokera kuzinthu zawo amatha kutalikitsa moyo. Panalinso ena - mwachitsanzo, kuti mutha kupanga nyimbo za chikondi kuchokera kwa iwo. Kenako, ngakhale adaletsa, adayamba kuwagwira mokangalika, chifukwa mitengo yamadzimadzi iyi inali yokwera kwambiri.

Osaka anali okangalika kwambiri m'ma 1980, chifukwa chomwe ofufuza adawona kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chikukwera kwambiri, pazofunikira kwambiri - malinga ndi kuwunika kwawo, pofika m'ma 1990, ma coelacanths 300 okha ndiwo adatsalira m'chigawo cha Comoros. Chifukwa cha miyeso yolimbana ndi ozembetsa, kuchuluka kwawo kudakhazikika, ndipo pano akuyerekeza anthu 400-500.

Ndi ma coelacanth angati omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa South Africa komanso Nyanja ya Sulawesi sichinakhazikitsidwebe pafupifupi. Amaganiziridwa kuti ndi ochepa pang'onopang'ono (sizokayikitsa kuti tikulankhula mazana aanthu). Kachiwiri, kubalalako kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri - pafupifupi 100 mpaka 1,000 anthu.

Kuteteza kwa coelacanths

Chithunzi: nsomba za Limeriya kuchokera ku Red Book

Ma coelacanth atapezeka kufupi ndi Comoros ndi France, dera lomwe anali, nthawi imeneyi nsomba izi zimadziwika kuti ndi chuma cha dziko lonse ndipo zimatetezedwa. Adaletsedwa kugwidwa ndi aliyense kupatula okhawo omwe adalandira chilolezo chapadera kuchokera kwa akuluakulu achi France.

Zilumbazi zitapeza ufulu kwa nthawi yayitali, njira zotchingira coelacanth sizinatenge kanthu, chifukwa chauchifwamba womwe unkakula kwambiri. Pakumapeto kwa zaka za 90s, kulimbana mwachangu kunayamba ndi iye, zilango zowopsa zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo omwe adagwidwa ndi ma coelacanths.

Ndipo mphekesera zamphamvu zawo zozizwitsa zinayamba kuchepa - chifukwa chake, sanagwidwe tsopano, ndipo asiya kufa, ngakhale kuchuluka kwawo akadali ocheperako, chifukwa nsomba izi zimabala pang'onopang'ono. Mu Comoros, adalengezedwa kuti ndi chuma chamayiko.

Kupezeka kwa anthu pafupi ndi South Africa komanso mtundu wa Indonesia kwathandizira asayansi kupumira momasuka, koma ma coelacanth amatetezedwa, kupha kwawo kumaletsedwa, ndipo chiletso chimachotsedwa pokhapokha pazifukwa zofufuza.

Chowoneka chochititsa chidwi: Ma Coelacanths amatha kusambira m'malo osazolowereka: mwachitsanzo, m'mimba m'mbuyo kapena kumbuyo. Amachita izi nthawi zonse, kwa iwo mwachilengedwe ndipo samakumana ndi zovuta zilizonse. Afunika kutembenuzira mitu yawo pansi - amachita izi mwachisawawa, nthawi iliyonse yomwe amakhala m'malo awa kwa mphindi zingapo.

Coelacanth yamtengo wapatali kwa sayansi, chifukwa chakuyiwona ndikuwerenga kapangidwe kake, nthawi zambiri zinthu zatsopano zimatsegulidwa za momwe chisinthiko chinachitikira. Pali ochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi, motero amafunika kutetezedwa - mwamwayi, anthu akhalabe osachedwa, ndipo pakadali pano mitundu yamtunduwu yamadzi siziwopsezedwa kutha.

Nsomba za Coelacanth

Nsomba za Coelacanth ndiye kulumikizana kwapakati pa nsomba ndi zolengedwa zoyambirira zakuthambo zomwe zidasinthira kuchokera kunyanja kupita kudziko lapansi ku Devonia pafupifupi zaka 408 mpaka 342 zapitazo. Poyamba anthu amaganiza kuti mitundu yonseyo inatha pa zaka zambiri, mpaka m'modzi mwa oimira ake atagwidwa ndi asodzi aku South Africa mu 1938. Kuyambira pamenepo, adaphunzira mwakhama, ngakhale pali zinsinsi zambiri zozungulira nsomba za prehistoric nsomba.

Moyo, machitidwe

Masana, coelacanth "kuwaswa" m'mapanga m'magulu a nsomba 12-13. Izi ndi nyama zausiku. Ma Coelacanths amatsogolera moyo wokhazikika, womwe umathandizira kuti ukhale ndi mphamvu zambiri zachuma (akukhulupirira kuti kagayidwe kake kamacheperako pansi), ndipo mutha kukumana ndi zochepa ndi omwe amadyera. Dzuwa litalowa, nsomba izi zimasiya m'mapanga awo ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono munthaka, mwina kukafunafuna chakudya mkati mwa mita 1-3 kuchokera pansi. M'mabwinja osakira usiku amenewa, ma coelacanth amatha kusambira pafupifupi 8 km, ndipo, mbandakucha, amathawira kuphanga lapafupi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mukafunafuna wozunzika kapena kusuntha kuchokera kuphanga lina kupita kwina, coelacanth imayenda pang'onopang'ono, kapena kungoyenderera mosadukiza ndi mayendedwe, pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zake zopindika ndi za m'chiuno kuwongolera malo a thupi m'malo.

Coelacanth, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka zipsepse, imatha kupachika malo mwachindunji, pamimba, pansi kapena pansi. Poyambirira, adakhulupirira molakwika kuti amatha kuyenda pansi. Koma coelacanth imagwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zake zonyamula kuti iziyenda pansi, ndipo ngakhale ikapumira kuphanga sichigwira gawo lapansi. Monga nsomba zambiri zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono, ma coelacanth amatha kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kapena kusambira mwachanguchangu ndikusuntha kwa ndalama yayikulu yayikulu.

Kuchuluka kwa coelacanth kumakhala

Malinga ndi malipoti osatsimikizika, zaka zapamwamba kwambiri za nsomba za coelacanth ndi zaka pafupifupi 80. Izi ndi nsomba za moyo wautali. Mwina kukhalabe otheka kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupulumuka zaka masauzande ambiri adathandizidwa ndi moyo wozama womwe umawalola kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo pazachuma momwe angathere, kuthawa adani ndi kukhala pamtunda wotentha.

Habitat, malo okhala

Mtunduwu, womwe umadziwika kuti "fossil", umapezeka ku Indo-Western Pacific Ocean pafupi ndi Greater Comoro ndi Anjouan Islands, malire a South Africa, Madagascar ndi Mozambique.

Maphunziro a kuchuluka kwa anthu atenga zaka zopitilira 12. Chiyerekezo cha Coelacanth, chomwe chinagwidwa mu 1938, pamapeto pake chinapangitsa kuti anthu woyamba kujambulidwa omwe ali ku Comoros pakati pa Africa ndi Madagascar. Komabe, kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi amadziwika kuti anali yekhayo wokhala pa coelacanth.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mu 2003, IMS idalumikizana ndi pulogalamu ya polojekiti ya ku Africa "Celacant" kuti apange kusaka kwina. Pa Seputembara 6, 2003, woyamba adagwidwa kumwera kwa Tanzania ku Songo Mnar, ndikupangitsa Tanzania kukhala dziko lachisanu ndi chimodzi kujambula kukhalapo kwa coelacanths.

Pa Julayi 14, 2007, anthu ena angapo adagwidwa ndi asodzi aku Nungwi, kumpoto kwa Zanzibar. Ofufuza kuchokera ku Zanzibar Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS), motsogozedwa ndi Dr. Nariman Jiddawi, nthawi yomweyo adafika pamalowo kuti azindikire nsomba ngati Latimeria chalumnae.

Zakudya za Coelacanth

Zambiri zoonerera zimatsimikizira kuti nsomba'yi imanjenjemera ndikuluma mwadzidzidzi kwakanthawi kochepa, kugwiritsira ntchito nsagwada zake zamphamvu pamene wozunzayo wafika. Kutengera zomwe zili m'mimba mwa anthu omwe adagwidwa, zimapezeka kuti coelacanth pang'ono pang'ono amadya oyimira a nyama kuchokera pansi pa nyanja. Komanso, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa zimatsimikizira mtunduwo kuti nsomba imakhala ndi gawo lamagetsi la chimbale cha rostral. Izi zimawathandiza kuzindikira zinthu zam'madzi ndi gawo lamagetsi.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Chifukwa chakuya kwazinyama zam'madzi zomwe zimapezeka m'nyanjazi, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika mwachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Pakadali pano, zikuwonekeratu kuti ma coelacanths ndi nsomba za viviparous. Ngakhale m'mbuyomu ankakhulupirira kuti nsomba zimatulutsa mazira omwe amathiridwa kale ndi wamwamuna. Izi zimatsimikizira kupezeka kwa mazira mwa mkazi wogwidwa. Kukula kwa dzira limodzi kunali kukula kwa mpira wa tenisi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Wamkazi mmodzi, monga lamulo, pa nthawi imatulutsa kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 26 live mwachangu. Kukula kwa m'modzi mwa ana a coelacanth ndi kuyambira 36 mpaka 38 centimeter. Panthawi yobadwa, amakhala ndi mano okhathamira, zipsepse ndi mamba.

Mwana akabadwa, chilichonse chimakhala ndi chiwaya chachikulu, chomwe chimakhala chaulesi, chomwe chimayikidwa pachifuwa. M'magawo akukulira, pomwe yolk itatha, khunyu lakunja limawoneka kuti limapanikizika ndikulowetsedwa mkati mwamphamvu ya thupi.

M'badwo wachikazi wa chikazi uli pafupifupi miyezi 13. Chifukwa chake, titha kuganiza kuti azimayi amatha kubereka chaka chachiwiri chilichonse kapena chachitatu.

Mtengo wosodza

Nsomba za Coelacanth ndizosayenera kudya. Komabe, kugwidwa kwake kwakhala vuto lalikulu kwa akatswiri a ichthyologists. Asodzi, akufuna kukopa ogula ndi alendo, adazigwira kuti zipange nyama zotchuka kuti zisonkhanitse zamseri. Izi zidadzetsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, coelacanth imasiyanitsidwa ndi malonda padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imalembedwa mu Red Book.

Asodzi akuchilumba cha Greater Comoro adaletsanso usodzi modzipereka m'malo omwe coelacanth (kapena "gombessa", monga amadziwika kwanuko), zomwe ndizofunikira kupulumutsa nyama zapaderazi. Ntchito yopulumutsa ya coelacanth imaphatikizanso kugawidwa pakati pa asodzi a zida zamauwuni m'malo osayenera malo okhala coelacanth, ndikukulolani kuti mubwerenso mwangozi malo omwe amakhala. Posachedwa, pakhala zikwangwani zolimbikitsa kuti chiwerengerochi

Comoros imayang'anira mosamalitsa mitundu yonse ya nsomba yomwe ilipo. Latimeria ndi yamtengo wapatali padziko lamakono la sayansi, ndikukulolani kuti mubwezeretse molondola chithunzi cha dziko lapansi lomwe linakhalapo mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo. Chifukwa cha izi, ma coelacanths amawonedwabe ngati mitundu yofunika kwambiri kuti aphunzire.