Amuna achikulire ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwawo m'chilengedwe, monga lamulo, ndi masentimita 170 mpaka 555, koma nthawi zina anthu afupi kwambiri otalika mamita awiri kapena kupitilirapo amapezekanso. M'lifupi mwamapewa a nyama yachikulire mumasiyana mita. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamphongo kwa amuna kumakhala mkati mwa ma kilogalamu mazana atatu, ndipo kulemera kwa mkazi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo sikumaposa 150 kg.

Ndizosangalatsa! Kuti adzipatse chakudya chokwanira, gorilla amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yamphamvu kwambiri, minofu yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuwirikiza katatu kuposa mphamvu ya minofu ya munthu wamba.

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu, komanso zimakhala ndi minofu yolimba komanso yolimba. Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda komanso lakuda. Amuna achikulire amadziwika ndi kupezeka kumbuyo kwa chingwe cha siliva. Kwa anyani amtunduwu, mawonekedwe a eyebron otchulidwa. Mutu ndi wokulirapo ndipo uli ndi mphumi wotsika. Chithunzichi ndi nsagwada yayikulu komanso yoteteza, komanso khuthu lamphamvu la infraorbital. Pamwamba pamutu pali mtundu wa pilo, womwe umapangidwa ndi khungu lakukhathamira komanso minyewa yolumikizika.

Ndizosangalatsa! Thupi la gorilla limakhala ndi mawonekedwe: m'lifupi lam'mimba limapitilira lonse m'chifuwa, chifukwa cha njira yayikulu yogaya chakudya yoyenera kugaya chakudya chofunikira kwambiri cha chakudya chofunikira kwambiri.

Chiyerekezo cha kutalika kwa kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo ndi 6: 5. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yamtchire imakhala ndi manja amphamvu ndi miyendo yamphamvu, yomwe imalola gorilla nthawi ndi nthawi kuyimirira ndikusunthira miyendo yake yakumbuyo, koma kuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi ndi yachilengedwe. Mukamayenda, gorilla sapuma kutsogolo kwake pamphumi. Mbali yakunja ya zala zowongoka imagwira ntchito ngati thandizo, lomwe limathandizira kuti pakhale khungu lowonda komanso lozindikira mkati mwa dzanja.

Gorilla Akumadzulo

Mtunduwu umaphatikizaponso mitundu iwiri: gorilla lathyathyathya ndi gorilla ya m'mtsinje, yomwe imakonda kupezeka m'malo otentha, pomwe pali udzu wambiri ndi madambo.

Pathupi, kuphatikiza pamutu ndi miyendo, pali tsitsi lakuda. Mbali yakutsogolo ili ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena wachikasu. Mphuno yokhala ndi mphuno yayikulu imakhala ndi gawo lakukulira. Maso ndi makutu ndi ochepa. M'manja muli misomali yayikulu ndi zala zazikulu.

Gorilla akumadzulo ali m'magulumagulu, kapangidwe kake kamatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa anthu awiri mpaka khumi ndi awiri, pomwe mmodzi wamphongo, komanso wamkazi wokhala ndi nyama zazing'ono. Achinyamata okhwima, monga lamulo, amachoka pagululi, ndipo akasiya makolo awo kwakanthawi amakhala okha. Chowonekera ndi kusintha kwa akazi pang'onopang'ono kubereka kuchokera pagulu kupita pagulu. Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku 260, pomwe kubadwa kwa mwana mmodzi, amasamaliridwa ndi makolo mpaka zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.

Gorila wakummawa

Muli malo ambiri otentha ndi otsetsereka kumapiri otentha, mitunduyi imayimiriridwa ndi gorilla wam'mapiri ndi gorilla lathyathyathya. Mabukuwa amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mutu waukulu, chifuwa chachikulu, komanso miyendo yayitali. Mphuno ili ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso mphuno zazikulu.

Tsitsi limakhala ndikudontha wakuda, ndimtambo wamtambo. Amuna akuluakulu ali ndi chingwe chasiliva kumbuyo. Pafupifupi thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi ubweya, ndipo kupatula kumayimiriridwa ndi nkhope, chifuwa, manja ndi miyendo.Akuluakulu, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, otuwa amaonekera ndi zaka.

Magulu a mabanja amakhala ndi anthu makumi atatu kapena makumi anayi, ndipo amayimiridwa ndi amuna, akazi ndi ana amuna. Nyengo isanayambe kubereka, zazikazi zimatha kuchoka ku gulu limodzi kupita ku lina kapena kulowa nawo amuna amodzi okha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gulu latsopano. Amuna omwe afika pakukalamba amasiya gululi ndipo patatha pafupifupi zaka zisanu adzipanga okha banja latsopano.

Habitat

Magawo onse a kum'mawa kwa gorilla mwachilengedwe amagawidwa mwachisawawa m'malo opezeka kumapiri a kumapiri a Democratic Republic of the Congo, komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Uganda ndi Rwanda. Magulu akulu anyani amtunduwu amapezeka m'malo omwe ali pakati pa Mtsinje wa Lualaba, Nyanja ya Eduard ndi tawuni yamadzi aku Tanganyika. Nyama imakonda nkhalango, momwe mumakhala udzu wambiri.

Ndizosangalatsa! Tsiku la gorilla limapentedwa mphindi iliyonse ndikuyamba ndikuyenda kwakanthawi kuzungulira chisa, kudya masamba kapena udzu. Pa nthawi ya nkhomaliro, nyama zimapuma kapena kugona. Ndipo theka lachiwiri la tsiku limadzipereka kwathunthu pakumanga chisa kapena makonzedwe ake.

Mabanja am'mphepete mwa kumadzulo kwa gorilla ndi gorilla otsika amakhala m'malo otsika, nkhalango zam'malo otentha ndi zipululu ku Cameroon, Central African Republic. Komanso, mazana ambiri anyani amtunduwu amakhala kudera lalikulu la Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Republic of Congo ndi Angola.

Mu vivo

Gorilla amatha nthawi yake yambiri akusaka chakudya. Kuti adzipetse chakudya, nyamayo imatha kuyendayenda m'deralo m'njira zambiri zodziwika bwino. Nthenga zamphongo zimayenda pamiyendo inayi. Gorilla yamtundu uliwonse ndi ya anthu onse azomera zamasamba, chifukwa chake ndiwo zamasamba zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa thanzi. Zokonda zimaperekedwa masamba ndi tsinde gawo la mbewu zosiyanasiyana.

Ndizosangalatsa! Chakudya chomwe amadya gorilla chimakhala ndi zoperewera zochepa, kotero chiwonetsero chachikulu chimayenera kudya pafupifupi ma kilogalamu khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu mpaka makumi awiri tsiku lililonse.

Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, gawo laling'ono lokha la chakudya cham'mawa gorilla limayimiriridwa ndi zipatso. Koma gorilla wakumadzulo, amakonda zipatsochifukwa chake, pofufuza mitengo yabwino yazipatso, nyama yayikulu imatha kuphimba mtunda wawutali. Chakudya chochepa chopatsa mphamvu chimakakamiza nyama kuti zizitha nthawi yayitali kufunafuna chakudya ndi kudya mwachindunji. Chifukwa chopeza madzi ambiri kuchokera ku zakudya zam'mera, gorilla samakonda kumwa.

Zambiri Zofalitsa

Akazi a gorilla amalowa gawo lakutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka khumi mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Amuna amakhala ogonana zaka zingapo pambuyo pake. Ziphuphu zimaberekanso chaka chonse, koma zazikazi zimangokwatirana ndi mtsogoleri wabanja. Chifukwa chake, ndi cholinga cha kubereka, bambo wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi vuto logonana ayenera kupeza utsogoleri kapena kupanga banja lake.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti palibe chilankhulo chodziwika bwino cha "nyani", gorilla amalankhulana, ndikupanga mawu awiri osiyana kwambiri.

Ng'ombe zimabadwa pafupifupi zaka zinayi zilizonse. Nthawi ya bere imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 8.5. Mkazi aliyense amabweretsa mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, ndipo amaleredwa ndi mayi mpaka zaka zitatu. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa wakhanda, monga lamulo, sikupitirira ma kilogalamu angapo. Poyamba, kambukuyo amamangiriridwa kumbuyo kwa mkaziyo, akumamatira ku chovala chake. Mwana wamkuluyo amasuntha bwino pawokha. Komabe, gorilla wamng'onoyo amayenda ndi amayi ake kwa nthawi yayitali, kwa zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu.

Adani achilengedwe a Gorilla

M'malo achilengedwe, anyani akuluakulu alibe mdani.Kukula kochititsa chidwi, komanso chithandizo champhamvu chophatikizira gorilla chinapangitsa gorilla kukhala wosagonjetseka ndi nyama zina. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti gorilla siziwonetsa chiwawa ndi nyama zoyandikana, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mitundu yosadziwika komanso mitundu yaying'ono ya anyani.

Mwa njira iyi, mdani yekhayo wa gorilla ndi munthu, kapena m'malo mwake, ozembetsa wambaomwe amawononga anyani kuti athe kupeza ziwonetsero zofunikira za osonkhetsa ntchito ya zoology. Ziphuphu, mwatsoka, ndi mitundu yomwe ili pangozi. Zaka zaposachedwa, kuchotsedwa kwawo kwakhala kofala kwambiri, ndipo kumachitika ndi cholinga chofuna ubweya ndi zigaza zamtengo wokwanira. Ana amphongo a gorilla amagwidwa kwambiri, kenako nkugulitsidwira kumanja kapena kumalo ena osungira nyama.

Vuto lina ndi matenda amtundu wa anthu, omwe ma gorilla alibe chitetezo chokwanira. Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa mtundu uliwonse wa gorilla, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mabanja achidwi komwe amakhala.

Kuthekera kwanyumba

Gorilla ndi m'gulu la nyama zomwe zimakhalapo, zomwe zimakhala m'magulu ndichachilengedwe. Izi woyimira wamkulu kwambiri wa nyani samakonda kusungidwa kunyumba, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe a malo otentha. Nyamayi imakonda kusungidwa m'malo osungira nyama, koma ku ukapolo gorilla amatha, mpaka zaka makumi asanu.

Kutalikirana kwa anyani

Akatswiri azomera agawa nyani m'magulu awiri - awa ndi anyani a Old and New Worlds. Kwenikweni, zimasiyana mu malo okhala komanso zina zokhudza thupi.

Chifukwa chake, gulu loyamba la anyani ali ndi mphuno zowonda, pomwe lachiwiri lili ndi michira yododometsa. Kuphatikiza apo, Old World amakhala ku Africa ndi Asia, ndipo nyani wa New World - kokha ku South ndi Central America. Ku Europe, kum'mwera kwa Spain, mitundu yokhayo ya anyani imakhala - barbaric.

Gorilla: zithunzi, mafotokozedwe

Gorilla - omwe ali akulu kwambiri motsatira dongosolo la anyani. Kulongosola koyamba kwa nyamayi kunaperekedwa mu 1847 ndi mmishonale Thomas Savages wochokera ku America.

Kukula kwa amuna akuluakulu kumatha kuyambira 1.65 mpaka 2 metres. Koma, pali mawu a wolemba malo otchuka a zachilengedwe a Soviet I. Akimushkin kuti kukula kwa imodzi mwa anyani akuluakulu kwambiri a gorilla wam'mapiri, omwe adaphedwa ndi asaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, anali mamita 2.32.

Mapewa aamuna m'lifupi mwake amatha mita imodzi. Kulemera kwa gorilla wamwamuna pafupifupi avareji kuchoka pa 130 mpaka 250 makilogalamu kapena kupitilira apo. Ndipo zazikazi zimakhala ndi thupi lolemera pafupifupi 2 nthawi zochepa.

Thupi la ma gorilla, okhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu, limakhala lalikulu, lokhala ndi minofu yolimba. Ali ndi maburashi amphamvu ndi mapazi amphamvu. Chovala chawo chimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, ndipo mwa amuna akuluakulu, chingwe cha siliva chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kumbuyo. Nsidze ukuyang'ana kutsogolo, kuchuluka kwa kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo mpaka kutalika kwa miyendo yakumaso ndi 6 mpaka 5.

Nyama yaikazi ndi nyama yomwe imatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, koma kwenikweni imayenda pamiyendo inayi. Agwera, ngati chimpanzi, samadalira kuyenda pamiyala ya zala zawo komanso m'manja mwa manja awo, ngati nyama zina zambiri, koma zala zolocha (kumbuyo). Chifukwa chaichi, poyenda, amasunga khungu lowoneka bwino mkati mwa burashi. Gorilla ali ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mphumi wotsika komanso chibwano chachikulu chotchinga kutsogolo ndikugudubuza chachikulu m'maso (chithunzi pansipa). Ubongo umakhala pafupifupi masentimita mazana atatu ndi atatu ndipo mulinso ma chromosome 48.

Zochitika

• M'malo omwe gorilla amakhala, magulu amapangidwa momwe mtsogoleri amayang'anira, kutsata zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku: kusaka chakudya, kusankha malo ogona, ndi zina zambiri.
• Moyo wa anyaniwa umakhala nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka 50.
• Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, yemwe amakhalabe ndi mayi mpaka kubadwa kwa mwana wotsatira.
• Chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, komwe ndi malo okhala nyama izi, kuchuluka kwa ma gorilla kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, andibwi nthawi zambiri amawasaka. Pali malo ochepa padziko lapansi kumene gorilla amakhala.
• Ma gorillas amalola kuti azitha kugwidwa, motero amatha kuwoneka ambiri
• Nyani amalembedwa ngati nyama zoopsa Padziko Lapansi.
• Mtsogoleriyo, kuti akhazikitse ulamuliro wake, amasewera zovina zodabwitsa, zomwe ndizowopsa. Ngakhale bambo yemwe ndi woopsa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakana kuukira. Mukamaukira munthu, zomwe ndizosowa, gorilla amangokhala zoluma zochepa zokha.

Gorilla ndi nyani wamphamvu. Chifukwa chiyani chimpanzee ndi wamphamvu kuposa anthu

Pali makanema ambiri omwe anyani akuluakulu amatsenga amakhala gawo lalikulu. Ndikosatheka kukumana ndi a King Kong enieni kulikonse chifukwa kulibe. Koma mutha kuwonabe mtundu wake mwachilengedwe kapena zoo.

Zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? Gorilla Monkey - uyu ndiye woimira wamkulu wa anyani. Amagwirizana kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake ka nyama izi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu adaphunzira za iwo kuchokera pofotokozera za Thomas Sevijemiz, mmishonale wochokera ku America.

Zojambula ndi malo a gorilla

Zosankha zenizeni pamoyo gorilla anyani ochepera kuposa mumafilimu azopeka za sayansi za iye. Kutalika kwa nyama yosangalatsayi ndi pafupifupi mamita awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake nthawi zina kumafika 270 kg. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi. Misana yawo yotambalala ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri. M'lifupi mwake, wamwamuna amafika mita imodzi.

Thupi lonse chithunzi gorilla nyani mphamvu ndi mphamvu zowoneka ndizodabwitsa. Ndiwachikulu, ili ndi minofu yolimba, manja amphamvu ndi mapazi amphamvu.

Mapewa a girilla gorilla amatha kufikira mita imodzi

Utoto wa gorilla ndi wakuda bii, amuna akuluakulu akadali ndi lingwe lazitsulo kumiyendo yawo yonse. Gulu la gorilla wamtunduwu limatchuka kwambiri.

Zatsogola ndizitali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Nyamayi imatha kuyenda miyendo yake yakumbuyo, koma imakondabe kuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi. Ma gorilla amayenda, atatsamira zala zakumbuyo, motero mbali yamkati yamanja ya nyamayo ndiyosamalitsa.

Pamutu wawukulu wa nyamayo pali mphumi wotsika komanso nsagwada zambiri zikubwera. Kuchuluka kwa ubongo wa gorilla kuli pafupifupi masentimita pafupifupi 600. Nyama ili ndi ma chromosome 48.

Gorilla amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za Gabon, Cameroon, ndi Congo zimatchedwa gorilla.

Zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Africa ku Virunga milifamu imatchedwa kuti mapiri. Ma gorilla am'mapiri amasiyana ndi chigwa chautali ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe amafunikira kuti ateteze nyama ku chisanu chamapiri.

Khalidwe la gorilla ndi moyo

Nyani wa gorilla amakhala m'magulu a anthu 5-30. Mtsogoleriyo amakhala m'malo oterowo; pali amuna, akazi ndi ana ochepa. Gorilla ndi anthu oopsa kwambiri m'nkhalangoyi, motero alibe adani ndi adani apadera.

Zakudya zawo zimamera kulikonse m'nkhalango, choncho safunika kutaya nthawi yayitali kufunafuna chakudya. M'mawa, anyaniwa amakonda kugona. Pambuyo podzuka, nyama zimayenda mozungulira malo otentha ndikupuma.

Kwa gorilla ambiri, kupumula ndikumaloto, anyani ang'onoang'ono amasewera pakati pawo, pomwe nyama zina zimasaka ubweya wa wina ndi mnzake.

Pambuyo pake, amayendanso m'nkhalango, nthawi yomweyo akudya. Ntchitoyi ikupitilira ndi iwo mpaka kucha. Kuusiku, mtsogoleri wa gululo ayamba kudzipangira chisa kuchokera kunthambi.

Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake, mtsogoleriyo nthawi zambiri amagona pansi.

Monga lamulo, imakhazikika pansi chifukwa mtsogoleri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi unyinji waukulu.Mamembala ena a gulu lokondwerera'lo akukwera pamitengoyo, atamanga zisa zawo pamenepo, amagona momveka bwino m'malo amenewo komwe amagwidwa usiku.

Nyama zachikhalidwe izi ndizabwino komanso zachilengedwe kukhala m'gulu. Agulu sakonda maiwe ndipo amayesa kuwadutsa. Sangalinso ndi nyengo yamvula.

Ngakhale ma gorilla amawoneka mochititsa mantha, nyamazo ndizabwino komanso zamtendere, ngati simukugwirizana nazo. Mtsogoleri wawo amatha kuvina mozizwitsa kuti alimbikitse ulamuliro wake ndikuteteza gulu kwa mdani, koma kuopseza kumene sikumapitilira kuvina.

Ngakhale, atakwiya, nthawi zambiri samapewa kuukira munthu. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti kuluma kwakung'ono.

Gorilla ndi ochezeka

Gulu la gorilla limakhala bata. Zovuta zimachitika nthawi zina pakati pa akazi, zomwe zimatha msanga pambuyo pa zolimba zazing'ono zamkamwa.

Mtsogoleri panthawiyi samalowerera mikangano pakati pa "azimayi", koma modzichepetsa amayang'ana zonsezi kuchokera kunja. Kuyankhulana pakati pa mamembala onse a gululi kumachitika pamlingo wazizindikiro, womwe umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawu.

Oyambirira kwambiri ndi azinyama. Chakudya chachikulu cha ma gorilla ndi zinthu zomwe zidachokera kumera. Pakati pa masewera ndi ena onse Nyani wa gorilla amadya udzu winawake, maula, ma bedi, mphukira za nsungwi ndi zipatso za njiwa.

Amachepetsa chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi mtedza ndi zipatso. A gorilla ali ndi nsagwada zolimba kwambiri, amatafuna mosavuta pamizu ya mitengo, panthambi ndi nkhuni. Nthawi zina, kawirikawiri, tizilombo timatha kulowa mu chakudya.

Kuperewera kwa mchere wa gorilla mthupi kumalipidwa ndi mitundu ina ya dongo. Kukula kwa nyamazo sikukulola kudya pamtengo, chifukwa zimatsikira pansi.

Kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kupirira popanda madzi chifukwa mu zobiriwira zimatha chinyezi chokwanira. Kuti amve bwino, ma gorilla ayenera kuyamwa zinthu zambiri. M'malo mwake, tsiku lawo lonse limakhala ndi kuti amapeza chakudya chawo, amachipeza ndikugona.

Kubzala gorilla ndi moyo wautali

Zaka za kubereka kwa akazi gorilla zimayambira zaka 10, mwa amuna kuyambira azaka 15 mpaka 20. Kubereka kumachitika kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Mimba imatenga masiku 250-270. Mwana wakhanda wolemera 1.5 amabadwa.

Chithunzichi, mwana wa gorilla

Ndiwosathandiza kwenikweni, osatha kukwawa. Kufikira miyezi isanu ndi itatu, amadya mkaka wa amayi wokha. Nthawi zina kuyamwitsa kumachedwa mpaka zaka zitatu. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ana ali pafupi ndi makolo awo. Gorilla amakhala m'chilengedwe mpaka zaka 40. Ali mu ukapolo zaka khumi.

Kodi nyani wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi ndani? Masiku ano, gorilla amtundu wa fuko la banja lodziwika bwino, lomwe limaphatikizapo anthu. Nyani wamkulu kwambiri ali ndi kulemera kwama kilogalamu 270, ndi kutalika kwa 2 metres. Ndipo ngakhale akuwoneka wowopsa, amakhala wamtendere.

Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri nyani uyu. Kodi gorilla amakhala kuti zachilengedwe? Kodi chimadya chiyani?

Gorilla wankhanza

Quarrel mu mabanja a gorilla nthawi zambiri imachitika pakati pa akazi. Wina akaukira gulu, amuna nthawi zambiri amateteza. Nthawi yomweyo, kupsa mtima kumatsikira makamaka ku chiwonetsero cha mphamvu ndi mantha kwa munthu: gorilla, akuthamangira mdani, amadziyimitsa ndikugundika patsogolo pake pachifuwa.

M'mafuko ena ku Africa (komwe amakhala gorilla), mabala omwe amenyedwa ndi anyaniwa amamuwona ngati wochititsa manyazi kwambiri: izi zikusonyeza kuti munthuyu anali kuthawa ndipo anali wamantha. Nthawi zambiri asaka aku Europe, powona nyani athamangirana ndikuwapha ndi mfuti, ndiye kuti adawafotokozera anzawo nkhani yosangalatsa yokhudza nyama yoipa komanso yoopsa.

Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, malingaliro a gorilla anali ponseponse. Koma wina sayenera kupeputsa kufunika kwa mphamvu za mtunduwu wa mbewa - gorilla wamwamuna. Pali zoona kuti ngakhale nyalugwe zimayesetsa kupewa kukangana naye.

Pomaliza, kuswana ndi malingaliro kwa ana

Kumene akakhala gorilla, mutha kuwona chithunzi chokhudza: mayi wachikazi amasamalira mwana wake. Amakhala ngati mayi wachikondi komanso wosamala. Wamphongo akuimira bambo woleza mtima komanso wodekha.

Gorillas amatha mpaka miyezi 8.5. Pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, yemwe kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, amayi amadzinyamula okha, amawadyetsa ndi kuwateteza. Moyo wake umadalira kwathunthu nkhawa za amayi mpaka pafupi zaka zitatu, pambuyo pake amakhala woimira payokha pagulu.

Kukula mwakugonana mwa akazi kumachitika mzaka kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 12, ndipo amuna okhwima pofika zaka 11-13 (mu ukapolo, izi zimachitika kale). Yaikazi imabereka nthawi yoyamba mu zaka 3-5.

Nthawi zambiri nyama zakuthengo zimamenya nkhondo yankhondo, zotulukapo zake sizitha kunenedweratu nthawi zonse. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale cholengedwa chopanda vuto lililonse, monga momwe chimakhalira, chimatha kudzilimira chokha mwadzidzidzi.

Kodi mawu akuti olimba kwambiri amakhalabe ndi moyo ndi ati? Munkhaniyi, tiyesanso kuyerekezera ziwiri, poyang'ana koyamba, mawonekedwe osiyana, mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zanyama za nyama: gorilla ndi chimbalangondo.

Ndipo ngakhale alibe mwayi woyambitsa ndewu, timayeserabe kumenya nkhondo pakati pawo. Kupanda kutero, tikumvetsetsa bwanji: ndani ali wamphamvu kuposa chimbalangondo kapena gorila?

Tiyeni tiyambe powunika maluso awo ndi zizolowezi zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira za nkhondo.

Gorilla ndiye nyani wamkulu kwambiri wotchedwa humanoid. Amakhala ku West ndi Central Africa. Mitundu yayikulu ya ma gorilla:

• madera akumadzulo
• zigwa za kum'mawa
• phiri lakum'mawa.

Gorilla wamkulu komanso wamphamvu kwambiri

Akulu kwambiri ndi agorila akum'mawa. Wamphongo wamkulu amatha kukhala wamtali wa 2 metres ndi kulemera mpaka 300 kg. M'lifupi mapewa muli nyama pafupifupi mita, ndipo mkono mulitali mpaka mamita 2.5.

Koma, ngakhale atakula minyewa komanso thupi lalikulu, ma gorilla ndi nyama zamtendere komanso zodekha. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha moyo wamasamba.

Gulu la gorilla litagwidwa, anyamatawa amayesa kuwopseza mdani ndi mfuti zakuthwa ndi kufuula, koma sizimachitika kuti amenyane.

Nthawi zambiri yamphongo, itaimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo, imadzigwetsa pachifuwa ndi nkhonya, ndikuyamba kuluma mdani pothawa. Pali nthawi zina pamene anthu amakhala pakati pa gorilla kwa zaka zambiri koma sizinawakhudze.

Koma, ngakhale izi, musapeputse otsutsa monga gorilla wamkwiyo wokwiya. Ali ndi manja amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo amatha kutalika kwa 5cm amatha kupweteketsa mabala owopsa.

Mphamvu ya Gorilla Bite 88 mlengalenga. Ili ndi minyewa yamkhosi yolimba kwambiri komanso nsagwada zomwe zimasinthidwa kutafuna zinthu zolimba monga msungwi. Nthawi yomweyo, ubongo wa nyani uyu ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi thupi la munthu.

Zimbalangondo

Chimbalangondo ndi nyama yolusa ya banja la chimbalangondo. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Europe, ku kontrakitala ya North America komanso ku Asia gawo la Continental. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zimbalangondo zomwe zimakhala ndizofanana komanso zosiyana.

Mitundu 4 yofunika ya zimbalangondo:

• wosakwatiwa
• Chimbalangondo cha Himalayan
• Chimbalangondo cha brown,
• chimbalangondo.

Imodzi mwa zimbalangondo zazikulu kwambiri

Mitundu yonse ya zimbalangondo imakhala yayikulu kulemera ndi kukula kwake, koma bulauni ndiimodzi mwamkulu. Kulemera kwake kumachokera ku 500 kg, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumachokera ku 1.5 metres. Chimbalangondo chaching'ono chete ndi chachikulu kuposa icho. Kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumayambira mamita awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafikira tonne.

Chimbalangondo cha brown ndi nyama yoopsa. Amakhala yekha kuthengo. Imathamanga mpaka 50 km pa ola limodzi ndipo imakhala ndi masentimita mpaka 10. Mphamvu yoluma ndi mlengalenga 81.

Chimbalangondo chimatengedwa ngati cholusa, koma ndichopanda pake. Pazakudya zake pali zonse zamasamba ndi nyama, nsomba. Kutenga mwayi pa kuthekera kwakuthupi, kumatenga nyama ngakhale kwa zibangiri ndi akambuku. Mtundu wake ndi wosadalirika, chifukwa chake, nthawi zina, ungathe kuwononga anthu ndi ziweto.

Zimbalangondo ndizowopsa - kulumikiza ndodo zomwe zidadzuka nthawi yayitali. Wanjala ndi wokwiyitsidwa, amakhala olusa mopanda tanthauzo.Akazi kuteteza ana awo nawonso ndiopsa.

Ndani ali wamphamvu

Tikayerekezera zambiri zomwe zili pamwambapa za gorilla wamkulu wamwamuna komanso chimbalangondo chachikulu chachimuna, ndiye kuti nyaniyo imasweka chimbalangondo. Chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi kulemera kowirikiza kawiri kuposa gorilla.

Kuphatikiza apo, iye ndi wadyera, amatha kupha, ndipo gorilla ndi herbivore. Chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi mikanda yayitali ndi zokuwa, pomwe gorilla imakhala ndi mikono ndi manja olimba. Ndipo ngakhale nsagwada zake ndi zamphamvu chimodzimodzi, chimbalangondo chimatha kuphwanya gorilla ndi lolemera.

Koma, ngakhale chimbalangondo chili cholimba kuposa gorilla, zotulukapo zake sizingathe kuloseredwa 100% chifukwa kuthengo zolimba sizimapambana nthawi zonse.

Nthawi zina chigonjetso, monga mwa anthu, chimapambanidwa ndi munthu wolimba mtima, yemwe amachitapo kanthu mwachangu. Chilombo chilichonse chimakhala ndi njira zake zomenyera moyo.

Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zotsatira za nkhondoyi zadziwika kale, kusintha kosayembekezereka kumatha kuchitika, chifukwa, wotsutsana ndi yemwe aliyense wakubetcha adzapambana. Mphamvuzi zimawonekera mwa aliyense munjira zosiyanasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri m'mafilimu osalemba, gorilla amawonekera patsogolo pathu ngati nyama yoopsa, ndipo kubangula kwake kumamenya chifuwa chake ndikukonzekera kuyamba nthawi iliyonse. M'malo mwake, anyani akuluakuluwa ndi amtendere kwambiri ndipo samatsutsana. Ndi chikhalidwe choyenera, mutha kuwayandikira pa mtunda wa mamita 3-4.

Dziko la sayansi limasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya ma gorilla, ndipo iliyonse yaiwo ili ndi mitundu ingapo yocheperako. Izi ndi: gorilla wakumpoto (Gorilla gorilla) ndi gorilla wakummawa (Gorilla beringei). Onsewa amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za ku Africa zomwe zimakhala kumadzulo ndi pakati pakatikati pa Africa.

Malo okhala gorilla. Mtundu wachikasu umawonetsa gorilla wakummawa, ndi lalanje - kumadzulo

A gorilla amadziwika kuti ndi oyimira gulu lalikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 170-180, koma anthu amtundu wa 2m amapezekanso. Kulemera kwawo kumatha kupitirira 250 kg. Palibe nthambi iliyonse kapena mtengo uliwonse womwe ungathe kupirira chinyama chofananacho. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, amuna amakhala padziko lapansi. Amakwera mitengo kokha nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, masamba achichepere kapena amakopa zipatso ndi mtedza. Akazi amakhala ocheperako kawiri komanso owonda kuposa amuna.

Aliyense womanga thupi amatha kuchitira nsanje gorilla yemwe wakula. Nthawi yambiri yomwe amakhala amakhala ndikuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi, ngakhale amatha kuimirira bwino komanso kuyenda pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Agogo amasiyana ndi anyani ena ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chitha kuwonekeranso ku chimpanzee - akamayenda pa miyendo yonse inayi, samadalira milu ya zala ndi manja, koma kumbuyo kwa zala zokhotakhota pamiyendo yakutsogolo. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuteteza khungu lowoneka pamapazi.

Zala zakumaso zolocha kumaso

Gorilla wamphongo wamphamvu kwambiri samangopatsidwa kukula kwake, komanso mutu waukulu wamapangidwe achilendowo, komanso malaya akuda, pafupifupi lakuda. Amuna akuluakulu amatha kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi gawo la siliva lomwe likuyenda kumbuyo konse ndi kukhudza pang'ono miyendo yakumbuyo. Chovala chotalikirana kwambiri chimawonedwa m'mapiri a kumapiri. Zimawapulumutsa ku nyengo yozizira komanso yovuta ya malo awa.

Mutu wopanda phokoso

Kapangidwe ka mabisiketi anyaniwa kumapangidwira kuti azisonkhanitsa zakudya ndi zomanga - chala chimakhala chachifupi kuposa chinacho ndipo nthawi zambiri chimawatsutsa (onani dzanja lanu - ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino).

Gorilla amasungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi anthu 3-5, koma chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufikira 30. Uyu ndi mtsogoleri wamwamuna, wamkazi kapena angapo ndi ana awo. Mamembala onse a paketiyo amagonjera amuna achikulire kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri. Ndiye amene amasankha zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku: kudya, kusewera, kuyenda paulendo, kuyenda, ngakhale kugona.

Zochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zimayamba ndikudzutsa komanso kudya m'mawa, zomwe zimatha pafupifupi maola awiri ndikuyenda bwino masana. M'nthawi yotentha kwambiri, ntchito zawo zimayamba kuchepa. Pakadali pano, chithunzi chotsatirachi chikhoza kuonedwa: gorilla odzala bwino ndi okhuta, makamaka achikazi okhala ndi ana, asonkhane ndikunama pafupi ndi mtsogoleri.

Ena akugona pakadali pano, ena amasenda ubweya wawo kwa ana awo kapena kwa iwo wokha, koma osati kwa "oyandikana" omwe ali mgululi kapena wamwamuna. Zinyama zazing'ono nthawi yomweyo zimayandikira pafupi, zikusewera kapena kufufuza malo ozungulira.

Kusewera gorilla cub

Nthawi zina mikangano pakati pa akazi imatha kuchitika, yomwe itangotha ​​pang'ono "kamlomo" kumatha. Mtsogoleri amasankha kuti asachokepo pa nthawi ngati izi. Kukhala ndi kupumula, aliyense amapita kukafunafuna malo atsopano kumene nkhomaliro zawo zidzakhalire bwino chakudya chamadzulo, ndipo palibe kutali ndi kumanga chisa chakanthawi kuti agone.

Amagona komwe usiku umawapeza. Choyamba, yamphongo imayamba kukonza pabedi, ikudzipangira pansi chisa chachikulu chophatikizira nthambi ndi udzu wosweka. Anthu ena onse m'gululi amatsatira chitsanzo chake. Akazi okhala ndi ana nthawi zina amakwera mitengo. Kubwera kwamdima, kuyenda konse komanso chipwirikiti cha gululo chimatha.

Gorilla ndi masamba. Amadyera kwambiri udzu ndi masamba (maula, ndere zamtchire, mphukira zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi zina), mitundu yonse yazipatso zomwe ali nazo pamalo achiwiri. Chakudya cha nyama chimadyedwa nthawi zina. Amakhala ndi chinyezi chonse chofunikira kuchokera ku masamba abwino.

Gorilla amabadwa kamodzi zaka 3-5. Wamkazi aliyense amabweretsa kamwana kamodzi, kamene m'zaka zochepa za moyo kumadalira kwathunthu mayi. Amuperekeza pakakhala zofunika, ndikudyetsa, ndikuyeretsa, ndikulanga omwe amkhululukawo ndi panjapo. Ndipo ngakhale atakula (wazaka 3-4), nthawi zina mumatha kuwona momwe mayi amasamalira mwana wake wamkulu kale.

Banja
Mwana wakhanda wagona pamsana pa amayi

Kutha msambo mwa abambo kumayamba mochedwa kuposa mwa akazi - azaka 13 - 13 (mwa akazi - wazaka 10-12). Kutalika kwa mimba ndi miyezi 8.5. Amuna amasamalira ana awo bwino, koma osawonetsa chisamaliro cha abambo. Pankhaniyi, pali amayi.

Ponena za kukalipa kwa gorilla, zonse zikuyambika pano. M'malo mwake, ma gorilla amaonedwa ngati zolengedwa zamtendere komanso zamtendere. Kulimbana koopsa kwenikweni sikumatha pakati pa amuna omaliza kumapeto kwachisoni. Nthawi zambiri, misonkhano yotereyi imakhala yamphamvu posonyeza phokoso ndikulimbana ndi mdaniyo, kuimaliza pamaso pake, ndikuimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikudzigundika pachifuwa. Wamphongo sadzamenya nkhondo mpaka mdani atathawa, koma pamenepa adzangoluma wotsutsa ndi mwendo kapena kumbuyo kwa thupi. Koma sizobera.

Mukakumana ndi anyani kutchire, musagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Wamphongo azindikira izi ngati poyambira kuukira. Amakulangizani kuti muzimitsa malo, imirirani onse anayi ndikutsitsa mutu wanu pansi. Izi zitanthauza chitsimikizo cha kudzichepetsa kwanu. Izi ndizokwanira kuti yamphongo igonthe.

Tsopano mdziko la ma gorilla, muli anthu pafupifupi 16 mpaka chikwi chimodzi, koma amodzi mwa mabungwe - gorilla akum'mawa gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei) amapanga anthu 600 okha. Amalembedwa mu International Red Book, nawonso amatetezedwa ndi Thumba la Zilombo Zakuthengo ndi mabungwe ena ambiri azachilengedwe. Nyama izi zimamva bwino komanso zimaswanidwa bwino muukapolo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwapatsa malo okhala.

Amachimuna amaloledwa ndi ana awo okhala ndi dazi. Palibe tsankho. Chachikulu sikuwoneka, koma kuti munthuyo ndi wabwino.

Nthawi yomweyo, nkhani yokhudza mphamvu za anyani ndi zithunzi

Kodi nyani ndi wamphamvu bwanji kuposa munthu wamwamuna, gorilla angagwire ntchito yotani, anyani angathe kuchita chiyani? Anthu ambiri anafunsa mafunso amenewa.Nawa kumasulira kwa nkhani imodzi pamutuwu. Mmodzi mwa akatswiri odziwika a primatologist amayankha mafunso.
Katswiri: Fady D. Isho - 7/27/2008

FUNSO: Posachedwa mwayankha funso lokhudza mphamvu ya anyani a anthropoid ndipo mudanenanso kuti chimpanzee chachimuna ndi champhamvu kwambiri kasanu kuposa wamwamuna wamkulu, ndipo orangutan kapena gorilla ndi wamphamvu kuposa ka 10, etc.

Funso langa ndikuti: Kodi mphamvu izi zimayeza bwanji? Monga othamanga, ndimachita chidwi kwambiri. Kukoka kwa dzanja limodzi, mphamvu ya mkono ndi mphamvu zowonekera zinayezedwa, zonse pamodzi - kapena china? Kodi panali modometer kapena chida china chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito?
Ndimafunsa mafunso awa chifukwa ndikudziwa anthu ena olimba kwambiri, ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti miyendo yazokongola ndiyolimba kuposa miyendo ya ena mwazinzake (amagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira amiyala yoposa mapaundi 2000). Ndipo mwanjira ina sizovuta kukhulupirira kuti chimpanzee cha ma pound 120 akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu ya amuna 5 osindikiza benchi, mwachitsanzo. Mbiri padziko lonse lapansi yosindikizira benchi ili pafupi mapaundi 800, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chimpanzee cha ma pound 120 chikhoza kugwedeza mapaundi 4,000 (omwe ali pafupi ndi matani 2, omwe ndi 33 1/3 kulemera kwake). Izi zikuwoneka kuti sizingachitike.
Ngakhale tiyerekeze ndi abambo wamba ndi mulingo waphunziro. Ambiri aiwo amatha kukolola okha kulemera kwawo, koma uku ndikokakamiza, osati mphamvu yokoka, yomwe, ndikuganiza, anyani amphamvu kwambiri.
Komabe, ngakhale poyerekeza ndi wothamanga wamba, chimpanzee chokwana 120 ayenera kuchita chosindikizira cha mapaundi 600, popeza ali ndi mphamvu kasanu kuposa munthu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikufunsa momwe kusiyana uku kwa mphamvu kudayesedwera.
Zikomo pasadakhale pa yankho lanu lililonse.
Zikomo.
Jim

Yankho: Moni Jim
Ndikumvetsa chidwi chanu, ndiroleni ndifotokoze. Anthu ambiri sazindikira za mphamvu (kapena mphamvu). Kuchokera pamalingaliro asayansi, ikhoza kuwerengedwa ngati ntchito pa nthawi (ntchito mwangwiro mu gawo la nthawi, mphamvu = ntchito / nthawi).
Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu asunthira katundu mapaundi 200 pamasekondi makumi awiri, ndipo chimpanzee chikutha m'masekondi anayi, zitha kulingaliridwa kuti chimpanzee ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kasanu kuposa munthu pankhaniyi.
Tinene kuti masiku ano palibe njira iliyonse yofananira munthu ndi chimpanzee wamkulu, orangutan, kapena gorilla. Kuyesera ku Bronx Zoo mu 1924 kuyerekeza mphamvu za munthu wamkulu wazaka mapaundi 165 ndi chimpanzee wamphongo wautali 165 wotchedwa "Boma," komanso chimpanzee wamkazi wa mapaundi 135.
Anachita mpikisano womwe munthu komanso mbewa yayikulu imatha kukoka ndi dzanja limodzi. Mkuluyo adakwanitsa kukoka mapaundi 200. Nyani wamwamuna, nayenso, adakoka mapaundi 847 a kulemera ndi dzanja limodzi, ndipo chimpanzi chachikazi ndi mapaundi 1,260. Mukuwona kuti abale athu a mbewa zazing'ono amatha kupanga mwamphamvu munthu wamphamvu kwambiri ngati pini yotentha ya tusik. Pa chiwonetsero chimodzi, orangutan adaponya dzanja lake ndi chipika chomwe chinali mwa iye, pomwe anthu anayi kapena asanu adalimbana popanda chifukwa, kuyesera kuti atuluke.
Ponena za mphamvu ya nyama, mphamvu ya chimpanzi chakuthengo ndi lofanana ndi mphamvu ya achimuna anayi mpaka asanu ndi awiri, makamaka amuna amuna akulu akulu ..
Mphamvu ya orangutan ndiyofanana ndi mphamvu ya akulu akulu 5 - 8, pafupifupi amuna 7 akulu.
Gorilla ali ndi mphamvu yaimuna wamkulu 9 mpaka 12, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi 11. Izi zowerengera zimatengera zochita zenizeni zomwe nyama izi zidachita. Mukadadziwa nyani monga ine, ndikudziwa kuti simukayikira maluso awo.
Zabwino zonse,
Zachabe

FUNSO: Wokondedwa Fady D. Isho,
Zikomo pazambiri, zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zofunikira!
Inde, ndikudziwa kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Mphamvu kwenikweni ndi gawo lamphamvu yakanthawi yochepa yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena kuyendetsedwa molumikizana ndi chinthu cha chinthucho - ndipo mphamvu m'malo mwake ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu komwe kumatha kupangidwa panthawi yosamutsa kulemera kwakutali kapena mwanjira ina iliyonse.
Komabe, kuyerekezera kolakalaka komwe mukunena (izi sizitanthauza kuti ndikukayika zomwe mukunena) zikuwoneka kuti zikuphwanya malamulo a sayansi. Kuti chiwalo (chamoyo) cholemera mapaundi 135, kuti chikoke cholemera 9 nthawi yake, payenera kukhala china chomangirirapo chopezera kulemera, osanyamuka.
Popeza kuti kulumikizana kwa malo omwe pali chimbudzi cha chimpanzee ndipo kulemera kwake ndi chimodzimodzi - sizingatheke kuti chimpanzee asunthirepo (nyani sangakhale atadzikoka) - ngati palibe maziko osasunthika, kutsamira pomwe chimpanzi chitha kuyika pambali yakukoka .
Zomwezo ndikukankha. Buku lakale la Superman lokhwanya malamulo a fizikisi pamene munthu wolemera mapaundi 200 (+/-) atayimitsa kapena kukankhira galimoto yayikulu yambiri pamalo amodzimodzi opanda phokoso (asphalt). Malamulo a fizikiyo anyalanyazidwa pano.
Ndiye chifukwa chake sizikukhulupirira kuti chimpanzi chimatha kukoka kuposa kulemera kwayekha pamwamba ndikukula kwofananira kwa magulu onse awiri. Izi ndizotheka (kuchokera pachokumana nanu) ngati munthu ali ndi mwayi wokonza mawonekedwe ake mothandizidwa ndi malo olimba othandizira, nkhuni, mwala, ogona njanji, komwe mumathamangitsirako.
Chitsanzo chabwino apa ndi momwe munthu mapaundi 250 amakoka patoko. Amatha kuchita izi pokhapokha ngati pali kusiyana m'mikangano (locomotive ali pamavili, munthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ogona ngati thandizo lokhazikika). Inertia ikangogonjetsedwa, wopepuka wazaka zambiri kuposa momwe munthu amayamba kusunthira. Mwamuna amangofunika kuthana ndi inertia kuti amuchotse pamalo ake.
Mwambiri, zingakhale zosangalatsa kudziwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko oyesa mphamvu zoyambira. Kapenanso idayesedwa ndi mphamvu yam'manja, mphamvu, kutulutsa.
Funso lofananalo likubwerabe. Nyani amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mikono ndi miyendo yonse kuyenda, ngati tetrapods. Izi zimawapatsa mwayi wopindulitsa munthu pamtundu uliwonse wa kulemera. Kodi izi sizomwe zimawapatsa iwo maubwino apakati, popeza amatha kutengapo gawo pakukulitsa minofu yambiri, yomwe mbali yayikulu ikakhala yayikulupo kuposa anthu.
Njira imodzi yofunika kuilingalira: Adrenaline (mwinanso, chinthu cha "mkwiyo" kapena "emergency"). Izi ndizomwe zimaloleza mayi wa mapaundi 110 kuti atole galimoto kwinaku akupulumutsa mwana wake (nkhani yolembedwa).
Chifukwa chake, fotokozerani, mwina chilimbikitso chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chikwiyire, kukwiya chiweto kuti chichititse chidwi cha adrenaline? Mwanjira ina, kodi chilimbikitso chinagwiritsidwa ntchito? Kupatula apo, munthu, izi, analibe mwayi wotere womwe ungakhudze zotsatira zoyesedwa.
Zikomo kwambiri! Kuyembekezera yankho.
Jim

Yankho
Moni jim
Wamphongo wachimuna anaimirira pamunsi pake, mkaziyo kulibe.
Zonena zanu nzowona. Popanda kuthandizira pachoyimira kapena pamwamba pomwe pali mkangano wokwanira, thupi loyeserera limangoyang'ana kumthwalo. Koma mphamvuyo ikakhala yokwanira kusuntha chinthucho, chinthucho chimayamba kuyenda molowera kwa mphamvuyo. (Kudzera mwa jerk).
Ndipo popeza mafupa a chimpanzee amakhala oonda kuposa mafupa amunthu ndipo minofu yawo imakula kwambiri, amatha kukhala olemera kwambiri.
Pakhalanso lipoti loyesa mphamvu za nyama zazingwe zomwe zimakoka katundu zochulukirapo kasanu, monga chimpanzee, zimatha kuchita izi mogwira mtima.
Zabwino zabwino, Fady

Kufalitsa

Masamba ambiri a gorilla (G.g. gorilla), omwe amakhala kumapiri a West Africa. Ali ndi ubweya wonyezimira komanso wamtundu wa mphuno. Amuna, kumbuyo ndi matako ndi siliva wopentedwa.

Ndizinthu zamtunduwu zomwe zidafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1847 ndi mmishonale wachiprotestanti, Thomas Sevegg, ochokera ku United States ku Liberia.Sanawone woyamba chimphona wamoyo, koma adalongosola motengera chigaza ndi mafupa omwe adadza kwa iye.

Gorilla wa kum'mawa kwa mapiri (G.g. graueri) amapezeka m'nkhalango zotsika ku Central Africa. Amakhala ndi minofu yolimba kwambiri, ndipo ubweya wa siliva amakhala kumbuyo kwa amuna okhaokha. Phokoso ladzaliralo limakhala ndi zitunda zazikulu kuzungulira mphuno.

Gorilla wa kumapiri (G.g. Beringe) amakhala kumapiri a Virunga ku Congo, Uganda ndi Rwanda. Amadziwika ndi ubweya wakuda wakuda. Tizilombo tokhala ngati chopondera timapindika pang'ono, ndipo mapiko a mphuno amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.

Kufotokozera Kwachilengedwe ndi Makhalidwe

Amuna achikulire ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwawo m'chilengedwe, monga lamulo, ndi masentimita 170 mpaka 555, koma nthawi zina anthu afupi kwambiri otalika mamita awiri kapena kupitilirapo amapezekanso. M'lifupi mwamapewa a nyama yachikulire mumasiyana mita. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwamphongo kwa amuna kumakhala mkati mwa ma kilogalamu mazana atatu, ndipo kulemera kwa mkazi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo sikumaposa 150 kg.

Kuti adzipatse chakudya chokwanira, gorilla amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yamphamvu kwambiri, minofu yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuwirikiza katatu kuposa mphamvu ya minofu ya munthu wamba.

Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu, komanso zimakhala ndi minofu yolimba komanso yolimba . Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda komanso lakuda. Amuna achikulire amadziwika ndi kupezeka kumbuyo kwa chingwe cha siliva. Kwa anyani amtunduwu, mawonekedwe a eyebron otchulidwa. Mutu ndi wokulirapo ndipo uli ndi mphumi wotsika. Chithunzichi ndi nsagwada yayikulu komanso yoteteza, komanso khuthu lamphamvu la infraorbital. Pamwamba pamutu pali mtundu wa pilo, womwe umapangidwa ndi khungu lakukhathamira komanso minyewa yolumikizika.

Thupi la gorilla limakhala ndi mawonekedwe: m'lifupi lam'mimba limapitilira lonse m'chifuwa, chifukwa cha njira yayikulu yogaya chakudya yoyenera kugaya chakudya chofunikira kwambiri cha chakudya chofunikira kwambiri.

Chiyerekezo cha kutalika kwa kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo ndi 6: 5. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yamtchire imakhala ndi manja amphamvu ndi miyendo yamphamvu, yomwe imalola gorilla nthawi ndi nthawi kuyimirira ndikusunthira miyendo yake yakumbuyo, koma kuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi ndi yachilengedwe. Mukamayenda, gorilla sapuma kutsogolo kwake pamphumi. Mbali yakunja ya zala zowongoka imagwira ntchito ngati thandizo, lomwe limathandizira kuti pakhale khungu lowonda komanso lozindikira mkati mwa dzanja.

Gorilla ndi nyani wamphamvu. Gorilla ndiye nyani wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Nthawi zambiri m'mafilimu osalemba, gorilla amawonekera patsogolo pathu ngati nyama yoopsa, ndipo kubangula kwake kumamenya chifuwa chake ndikukonzekera kuyamba nthawi iliyonse. M'malo mwake, anyani akuluakuluwa ndi amtendere kwambiri ndipo samatsutsana. Ndi chikhalidwe choyenera, mutha kuwayandikira pa mtunda wa mamita 3-4.

Dziko la sayansi limasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya ma gorilla, ndipo iliyonse yaiwo ili ndi mitundu ingapo yocheperako. Izi ndi: gorilla wakumpoto (Gorilla gorilla) ndi gorilla wakummawa (Gorilla beringei). Onsewa amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za ku Africa zomwe zimakhala kumadzulo ndi pakati pakatikati pa Africa.

Malo okhala gorilla. Mtundu wachikasu umawonetsa gorilla wakummawa, ndi lalanje - kumadzulo

A gorilla amadziwika kuti ndi oyimira gulu lalikulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 170-180, koma anthu amtundu wa 2m amapezekanso. Kulemera kwawo kumatha kupitirira 250 kg. Palibe nthambi iliyonse kapena mtengo uliwonse womwe ungathe kupirira chinyama chofananacho. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, amuna amakhala padziko lapansi. Amakwera mitengo kokha nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, masamba achichepere kapena amakopa zipatso ndi mtedza. Akazi amakhala ocheperako kawiri komanso owonda kuposa amuna.

Aliyense womanga thupi amatha kuchitira nsanje gorilla yemwe wakula.Nthawi yambiri yomwe amakhala amakhala ndikuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi, ngakhale amatha kuimirira bwino komanso kuyenda pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Agogo amasiyana ndi anyani ena ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chitha kuwonekeranso ku chimpanzee - akamayenda pa miyendo yonse inayi, samadalira milu ya zala ndi manja, koma kumbuyo kwa zala zokhotakhota pamiyendo yakutsogolo. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuteteza khungu lowoneka pamapazi.

Zala zakumaso zolocha kumaso

Gorilla wamphongo wamphamvu kwambiri samangopatsidwa kukula kwake, komanso mutu waukulu wamapangidwe achilendowo, komanso malaya akuda, pafupifupi lakuda. Amuna akuluakulu amatha kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi gawo la siliva lomwe likuyenda kumbuyo konse ndi kukhudza pang'ono miyendo yakumbuyo. Chovala chotalikirana kwambiri chimawonedwa m'mapiri a kumapiri. Zimawapulumutsa ku nyengo yozizira komanso yovuta ya malo awa.

Mutu wopanda phokoso

Kapangidwe ka mabisiketi anyaniwa kumapangidwira kuti azisonkhanitsa zakudya ndi zomanga - chala chimakhala chachifupi kuposa chinacho ndipo nthawi zambiri chimawatsutsa (onani dzanja lanu - ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino).

Gorilla amasungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi anthu 3-5, koma chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufikira 30. Uyu ndi mtsogoleri wamwamuna, wamkazi kapena angapo ndi ana awo. Mamembala onse a paketiyo amagonjera amuna achikulire kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri. Ndiye amene amasankha zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku: kudya, kusewera, kuyenda paulendo, kuyenda, ngakhale kugona.

Zochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zimayamba ndikudzutsa komanso kudya m'mawa, zomwe zimatha pafupifupi maola awiri ndikuyenda bwino masana. M'nthawi yotentha kwambiri, ntchito zawo zimayamba kuchepa. Pakadali pano, chithunzi chotsatirachi chikhoza kuonedwa: gorilla odzala bwino ndi okhuta, makamaka achikazi okhala ndi ana, asonkhane ndikunama pafupi ndi mtsogoleri.

Ena akugona pakadali pano, ena amasenda ubweya wawo kwa ana awo kapena kwa iwo wokha, koma osati kwa "oyandikana" omwe ali mgululi kapena wamwamuna. Zinyama zazing'ono nthawi yomweyo zimayandikira pafupi, zikusewera kapena kufufuza malo ozungulira.

Kusewera gorilla cub

Nthawi zina mikangano pakati pa akazi imatha kuchitika, yomwe itangotha ​​pang'ono "kamlomo" kumatha. Mtsogoleri amasankha kuti asachokepo pa nthawi ngati izi. Kukhala ndi kupumula, aliyense amapita kukafunafuna malo atsopano kumene nkhomaliro zawo zidzakhalire bwino chakudya chamadzulo, ndipo palibe kutali ndi kumanga chisa chakanthawi kuti agone.

Amagona komwe usiku umawapeza. Choyamba, yamphongo imayamba kukonza pabedi, ikudzipangira pansi chisa chachikulu chophatikizira nthambi ndi udzu wosweka. Anthu ena onse m'gululi amatsatira chitsanzo chake. Akazi okhala ndi ana nthawi zina amakwera mitengo. Kubwera kwamdima, kuyenda konse komanso chipwirikiti cha gululo chimatha.

Gorilla ndi masamba. Amadyera kwambiri udzu ndi masamba (maula, ndere zamtchire, mphukira zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi zina), mitundu yonse yazipatso zomwe ali nazo pamalo achiwiri. Chakudya cha nyama chimadyedwa nthawi zina. Amakhala ndi chinyezi chonse chofunikira kuchokera ku masamba abwino.

Gorilla amabadwa kamodzi zaka 3-5. Wamkazi aliyense amabweretsa kamwana kamodzi, kamene m'zaka zochepa za moyo kumadalira kwathunthu mayi. Amuperekeza pakakhala zofunika, ndikudyetsa, ndikuyeretsa, ndikulanga omwe amkhululukawo ndi panjapo. Ndipo ngakhale atakula (wazaka 3-4), nthawi zina mumatha kuwona momwe mayi amasamalira mwana wake wamkulu kale.

Banja
Mwana wakhanda wagona pamsana pa amayi

Kutha msambo mwa abambo kumayamba mochedwa kuposa mwa akazi - azaka 13 - 13 (mwa akazi - wazaka 10-12). Kutalika kwa mimba ndi miyezi 8.5. Amuna amasamalira ana awo bwino, koma osawonetsa chisamaliro cha abambo. Pankhaniyi, pali amayi.

Ponena za kukalipa kwa gorilla, zonse zikuyambika pano. M'malo mwake, ma gorilla amaonedwa ngati zolengedwa zamtendere komanso zamtendere. Kulimbana koopsa kwenikweni sikumatha pakati pa amuna omaliza kumapeto kwachisoni.Nthawi zambiri, misonkhano yotereyi imakhala yamphamvu posonyeza phokoso ndikulimbana ndi mdaniyo, kuimaliza pamaso pake, ndikuimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikudzigundika pachifuwa. Wamphongo sadzamenya nkhondo mpaka mdani atathawa, koma pamenepa adzangoluma wotsutsa ndi mwendo kapena kumbuyo kwa thupi. Koma sizobera.

Mukakumana ndi anyani kutchire, musagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Wamphongo azindikira izi ngati poyambira kuukira. Amakulangizani kuti muzimitsa malo, imirirani onse anayi ndikutsitsa mutu wanu pansi. Izi zitanthauza chitsimikizo cha kudzichepetsa kwanu. Izi ndizokwanira kuti yamphongo igonthe.

Tsopano mdziko la ma gorilla, muli anthu pafupifupi 16 mpaka chikwi chimodzi, koma amodzi mwa mabungwe - gorilla akum'mawa gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei) amapanga anthu 600 okha. Amalembedwa mu International Red Book, nawonso amatetezedwa ndi Thumba la Zilombo Zakuthengo ndi mabungwe ena ambiri azachilengedwe. Nyama izi zimamva bwino komanso zimaswanidwa bwino muukapolo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwapatsa malo okhala.

Anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti anyani akuluakulu ndi abale athu apamtima. Wina anganene kuti nthawi yayitali yapita kuchokera pomwe tidatsika pamitengo, komanso kuti zida zathu zamagayidwe a chakudya zinayenera kusintha zizolowezi zatsopano zodya. Koma titembenukire ku zenizeni: tidakali ofanana mochititsa chidwi ndi anyani akuluakulu, makamaka opanda tsitsi. Ndipo mkati timakonzedwa pafupifupi chimodzimodzi. Posachedwa zinafika poti DNA ya chimpanzee ndi anthu imagwirizana 98%.

Pamene gorilla ali ndi mwayi wosankha chakudya, amakonda zipatso zatsopano. Ngati zipatso zatsopano sizikupezeka, zimathandizira chakudyacho ndi zakudya zina za mbewu. Samadya nyama kapena mkaka. Nyani ambiri, monga chimpanzi, nthawi zina amadya nyama, koma zomerazo ndizomwe zimadya kwambiri. Musanayambe kumverana ndi ma gorilla, kumbukirani kuti amadya chakudya chomwe amakonda - malinga ndi kupezeka kwake. Ndipo nthawi yotsatira, akatswiri ena oyerekeza amati zakudya zanu zimasowa mankhwala ofunikira

Ganizirani chifukwa chake gorillayo ali wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa inu. Chifukwa chiyani anthu adatha kupulumuka popanda moto, komanso makamaka popanda mavitamini. Pemphani Thandizo Lomwe

Dalirani malangizo a Mlengi!

Ndipo mudzati: "Ngati gorilla ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, bwanji ali pachiwopsezo cha kuphedwa?" Pazifukwa zofananira ndi mitundu ya mitundu inanso. Chifukwa munthu, ngati sawononga chilengedwe chawo, ndiye kuti akuipitsa.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti kuyesa konse kulingalira momwe zakudya za anthu ziyenera kukhala molingana ndi dongosolo la chibadwa cha amayi zimabweretsa lingaliro limodzi. MABWENZI ! Ndi zomwe abale athu apamtima amakonda, omwe palibe amene adagwidwa ndi ubongo. Ndipo tikatembenukira kuzowona, zikhala kuti nafenso timazifuna!

Kumbukirani za zonona ndi zonona zomwe tidazikonda kwambiri ndili mwana. Kodi akanakhala ndi kukoma kotani ngati sangakondwere? Mwambiri, ayi. Ndipo tinawawaza chiyani ndi - nkhumba, ng'ombe, mwana wankhosa ndi nkhuku? Ayi, sitiroberi, zinanazi ndi vanila. Ndiye kuti, zipatso ndi mbewu zina. Ndipo nyama yomwe timayikonda kwambiri mwakuti muyenera kuphika mwakhama? Ngati zilidi zabwino, bwanji timathira mchere, tsabola, miyala, adyo, zipatso, msuzi? Pakadali pano, zipatso zatsopano ndizabwino zokha.

Kodi ndi misuzi iti yomwe timayesetsa kusintha kukoma kwa nyama? Timatipatsa msuzi wa apulosi ku nkhumba, timbewu tankhosa, kiranberi ku turkey, horseradish kapena mpiru kuti ng'ombe, nkhuku zomwe timaphika ndi anyezi ndi tchire, timadya zipatso zopanda zipatso - zonsezi zipatso, zipatso, zipatso. Ndipo zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi ma milkshakes amkaka, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ndizotheka kusintha kukoma kwawo? Masamba, rasipiberi, nthochi, lalanje, ndimu, chinanazi, nkhanu yakuda, laimu, ndi zina zambiri.

Tinali otsimikiza kuti timawonjezera misuzi ndi zonunkhira kuti tisinthe kukoma kwa nyama. Koma zoona zake, popanda izi, nyamayo imakhala ndi kukoma kwatsopano komanso kosasangalatsa. Ngati ili ndi kukoma kwabwino, bwanji osintha kukoma uku ndi msuzi?

Kodi mukudziwa zokometsera ndi kununkhira kowoneka bwino kuposa adyo? Chifukwa chiyani sitimawonjezera mchere, tsabola kapena adyo ku zipatsozo? Ngati adyo alipo mu mbale, imakhala ndi kukoma kwa adyo. Koma bwanji nchofunika kumeneko ngati chakudya chili chokoma popanda icho?

Kufunika kwa zipatso kumawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza mu nzeru zathu za anthu: "A apulo patsiku - ndipo palibe dokotala amene amafunikira," "anali olemera kwambiri kotero kuti zipatso zimapezeka mnyumba yawo, ngakhale palibe amene amadwala."

Kumbukirani zomwe gawo la chakudya limagwira popanga chimbudzi, mayamwidwe a michere ndi zinyalala. Palibe chakudya chomwe chimakumana ndi ichi bwino kuposa zipatso zatsopano. Kupukusa zipatso ndikosavuta kuposa zakudya zina. Kuchokera mmimba zimangolowa m'matumbo, mwachangu, kuchokera kuzakudya zam'matumbo, thupi limatenga ma calories ndi michere. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri timawona osewera a tennis amaluma nthochi pakati pa machesi.

Mmodzi anganene kuti: ngati madzi amadzimadzi mu chakudya amatenga gawo lalikulupo ndipo ngati munthu akuganiza zophatikiza galimoto yamafuta amadzimadzi, bwanji amayi a Natural Nature sanakhale ndi lingaliro lokwanira kutipatsa chakudya chambiri? Ndipo anali ndi zokwanira! Zipatso zimakhala ndi madzi ambiri, zina zimakhala 90%. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamawonekedwe a nzeru zapamwamba za chilengedwe cha amayi - kuphatikiza madzi ofunikira mu chipolopolo cholimba. Kutulutsa kobiriwira, gawo lolimba ndilosavuta kuyendetsa ndikusunga. Kodi mukufuna, ngati Briton wakale, kuti mupite kumtsinje wapafupi wamadzi? Kodi sizingakhale zosavuta komanso zosavuta kukhazikitsa dimba pafupi ndi nyumbayo - mitengoyo ikoke madzi ndi michere yomwe mukufuna kuchokera m'nthaka? Mukatero mudzalandira zonsezi mu phukusi losavuta - mwanjira ya zipatso, zodzaza ndi michere yofunika, yowutsa mudyo komanso chokoma, yokwaniritsa zonse njala ndi ludzu. Mutha kuzidya nthawi yomweyo - kapena kuziwasungira kwa milungu ingapo. Osasokoneza thupi lanu. Timakonda kuiwala mopepuka, koma tikachiphunzira kwambiri, timakhala otsimikiza kuti ichi ndi chozizwitsa chenicheni. Kuchenjera kwachilengedwe cha amayi ndikodabwitsa, komwe sikunafune kuti tidutse padziko lapansi posaka mchere wofunikira.

Zipatso ndizosangalatsa kudya, ndizotsitsimula bwino. Kodi mwazindikira kuti ngakhale masiku otentha kwambiri, zipatso zatsopano zimakhala zabwino? Ndipo zakumwa zopangidwa ndi munthu ziyenera kusungidwa mufiriji kapena kuthira ndi ayezi. Osasokoneza thupi, sangalalani ndi momwe anapangidwira mwaluso!

Ubwino wina wazipatso ndikuti pali zonyansa zochepa kuchokera kwa iwo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizosavuta kuchotsa m'thupi. Kudya chipatso, mumapeza mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ndi ochepa pokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, assimilation ndi chimbudzi cha zinthu zotayidwa. Zipatso zimatipatsa mphamvu zochulukirapo. Ena angafunse kuti: "Ndiye, ndani akuwafuna, kodi wawonjezerapo?" Ndipo adzanenanso kuti nthawi yowonjezera yomwe amakhala m'mitsempha, zimamuvuta kupuma, ngati kuti mavutowa adapangidwa ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo. Koma iye, monga ndalama, sizichitika kwambiri. Mphamvu ndi chozizwitsa chofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi moyo wachuma komanso wachimwemwe.

Zipatso zatsopano ndi chinthu chabwino chopangidwira anthu. Ana mwachibadwa amakonda zipatso, ndipo kuti azikonda nyama kapena mkaka, kumangodzikakamiza kolimba kumafunika. Malo achiwiri omwe zipatso zimakhazikika ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mtedza, njere, mbewu monga chimanga ndi zakudya zina zam'mera.

Ngati mukukhudzidwa ndikusowa kwa mavitamini, kumbukirani kuti zinthu izi zimatipatsa kwathunthu mavitamini ndi michere yonse yomwe timafunikira. Monga ndidanenera, kuchepa kwa mavitamini ndi mliri wa anthu otukuka.

Ubwino wabwino wa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndizotsika mtengo, ndipo ngati muli ndi munda wanu womwewo, mutha kuzipeza zaulere.Imani kwa mphindi kuti

Pali makanema ambiri omwe anyani akuluakulu amatsenga amakhala gawo lalikulu. Ndikosatheka kukumana ndi a King Kong enieni kulikonse chifukwa kulibe. Koma mutha kuwonabe mtundu wake mwachilengedwe kapena zoo.

Zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? Gorilla Monkey - uyu ndiye woimira wamkulu wa anyani. Amagwirizana kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake ka nyama izi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu adaphunzira za iwo kuchokera pofotokozera za Thomas Sevijemiz, mmishonale wochokera ku America.

Zojambula ndi malo a gorilla

Zosankha zenizeni pamoyo gorilla anyani ochepera kuposa mumafilimu azopeka za sayansi za iye. Kutalika kwa nyama yosangalatsayi ndi pafupifupi mamita awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake nthawi zina kumafika 270 kg. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi. Misana yawo yotambalala ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri. M'lifupi mwake, wamwamuna amafika mita imodzi.

Thupi lonse chithunzi gorilla nyani mphamvu ndi mphamvu zowoneka ndizodabwitsa. Ndiwachikulu, ili ndi minofu yolimba, manja amphamvu ndi mapazi amphamvu.

Mapewa a girilla gorilla amatha kufikira mita imodzi

Utoto wa gorilla ndi wakuda bii, amuna akuluakulu akadali ndi lingwe lazitsulo kumiyendo yawo yonse. Gulu la gorilla wamtunduwu limatchuka kwambiri.

Zatsogola ndizitali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Nyamayi imatha kuyenda miyendo yake yakumbuyo, koma imakondabe kuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi. Ma gorilla amayenda, atatsamira zala zakumbuyo, motero mbali yamkati yamanja ya nyamayo ndiyosamalitsa.

Pamutu wawukulu wa nyamayo pali mphumi wotsika komanso nsagwada zambiri zikubwera. Kuchuluka kwa ubongo wa gorilla kuli pafupifupi masentimita pafupifupi 600. Nyama ili ndi ma chromosome 48.

Gorilla amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za Gabon, Cameroon, ndi Congo zimatchedwa gorilla.

Zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Africa ku Virunga milifamu imatchedwa kuti mapiri. Ma gorilla am'mapiri amasiyana ndi chigwa chautali ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe amafunikira kuti ateteze nyama ku chisanu chamapiri.

Khalidwe la gorilla ndi moyo

Nyani wa gorilla amakhala m'magulu a anthu 5-30. Mtsogoleriyo amakhala m'malo oterowo; pali amuna, akazi ndi ana ochepa. Gorilla ndi anthu oopsa kwambiri m'nkhalangoyi, motero alibe adani ndi adani apadera.

Zakudya zawo zimamera kulikonse m'nkhalango, choncho safunika kutaya nthawi yayitali kufunafuna chakudya. M'mawa, anyaniwa amakonda kugona. Pambuyo podzuka, nyama zimayenda mozungulira malo otentha ndikupuma.

Kwa gorilla ambiri, kupumula ndikumaloto, anyani ang'onoang'ono amasewera pakati pawo, pomwe nyama zina zimasaka ubweya wa wina ndi mnzake.

Pambuyo pake, amayendanso m'nkhalango, nthawi yomweyo akudya. Ntchitoyi ikupitilira ndi iwo mpaka kucha. Kuusiku, mtsogoleri wa gululo ayamba kudzipangira chisa kuchokera kunthambi.

Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake, mtsogoleriyo nthawi zambiri amagona pansi.

Monga lamulo, imakhazikika pansi chifukwa mtsogoleri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi unyinji waukulu. Mamembala ena a gulu lokondwerera'lo akukwera pamitengoyo, atamanga zisa zawo pamenepo, amagona momveka bwino m'malo amenewo komwe amagwidwa usiku.

Nyama zachikhalidwe izi ndizabwino komanso zachilengedwe kukhala m'gulu. Agulu sakonda maiwe ndipo amayesa kuwadutsa. Sangalinso ndi nyengo yamvula.

Ngakhale ma gorilla amawoneka mochititsa mantha, nyamazo ndizabwino komanso zamtendere, ngati simukugwirizana nazo. Mtsogoleri wawo amatha kuvina mozizwitsa kuti alimbikitse ulamuliro wake ndikuteteza gulu kwa mdani, koma kuopseza kumene sikumapitilira kuvina.

Ngakhale, atakwiya, nthawi zambiri samapewa kuukira munthu. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti kuluma kwakung'ono.

Gorilla ndi ochezeka

Gulu la gorilla limakhala bata. Zovuta zimachitika nthawi zina pakati pa akazi, zomwe zimatha msanga pambuyo pa zolimba zazing'ono zamkamwa.

Mtsogoleri panthawiyi samalowerera mikangano pakati pa "azimayi", koma modzichepetsa amayang'ana zonsezi kuchokera kunja. Kuyankhulana pakati pa mamembala onse a gululi kumachitika pamlingo wazizindikiro, womwe umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawu.

Oyambirira kwambiri ndi azinyama. Chakudya chachikulu cha ma gorilla ndi zinthu zomwe zidachokera kumera. Pakati pa masewera ndi ena onse Nyani wa gorilla amadya udzu winawake, maula, ma bedi, mphukira za nsungwi ndi zipatso za njiwa.

Amachepetsa chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi mtedza ndi zipatso. A gorilla ali ndi nsagwada zolimba kwambiri, amatafuna mosavuta pamizu ya mitengo, panthambi ndi nkhuni. Nthawi zina, kawirikawiri, tizilombo timatha kulowa mu chakudya.

Kuperewera kwa mchere wa gorilla mthupi kumalipidwa ndi mitundu ina ya dongo. Kukula kwa nyamazo sikukulola kudya pamtengo, chifukwa zimatsikira pansi.

Kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kupirira popanda madzi chifukwa mu zobiriwira zimatha chinyezi chokwanira. Kuti amve bwino, ma gorilla ayenera kuyamwa zinthu zambiri. M'malo mwake, tsiku lawo lonse limakhala ndi kuti amapeza chakudya chawo, amachipeza ndikugona.

Kubzala gorilla ndi moyo wautali

Zaka za kubereka kwa akazi gorilla zimayambira zaka 10, mwa amuna kuyambira azaka 15 mpaka 20. Kubereka kumachitika kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Mimba imatenga masiku 250-270. Mwana wakhanda wolemera 1.5 amabadwa.

Chithunzichi, mwana wa gorilla

Ndiwosathandiza kwenikweni, osatha kukwawa. Kufikira miyezi isanu ndi itatu, amadya mkaka wa amayi wokha. Nthawi zina kuyamwitsa kumachedwa mpaka zaka zitatu. Kwa nthawi yayitali, ana ali pafupi ndi makolo awo. Gorilla amakhala m'chilengedwe mpaka zaka 40. Ali mu ukapolo zaka khumi.

A gorillas amakhala ku Africa kunkhalango zamtchire. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu, achikulire amakhala ndi moyo wokhala pamtunda, amakwera mitengo yazipatso, masamba, kapena kugona.

Yaimuna imalemera kuchokera ku 140 mpaka 250 kg, yaikazi imakhala theka. Kukula kuchokera ku 160 cm mpaka 180 cm, pali anthu payekha komanso kutalika, mpaka mamita awiri.

Amakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, mutu waukulu. Zolocha ndizitali kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Maso amatuluka, mphuno ndi yotakata komanso yopanda phokoso, ndi mphuno zazikulu. Makutu ndi ang'ono ndikuwakankhira kumutu.

Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Nthawi zambiri amasunthira miyendo yonse inayi, kutsamira zala zokulungika, koma amatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuyenda pa iwo popanda zovuta zambiri.

Mdani wawo wamkulu ndi munthu. Timapha mwankhanza nyama zamtchire, kudula nkhalango, ndikuchepetsa malo okhala nyama. Kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi ndi kochepa ndipo kukufunika chitetezo.

Amakhala m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono a anthu 5 kapena 25: mtsogoleri, amuna awiri ndi akazi angapo okhala ndi ana amuna. Mtsogoleriyo amavala siliva kumsana kwake, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhwima kwamphongo. Ndewu komanso ndewu m'mabanja mwawo ndizosowa. Mwachidziwikire, zonse zimakhala chete komanso zodekha, mtsogoleri amangoyang'ana kwambiri "ochita zoipa", ndipo mikangano yathetsedwa.

Nyama zimadzuka m'mawa, kutuluka ndikutambasuka, kenako kupita mtsogoleri wawo kukafunafuna chakudya. Amadya zakudya zam'mera, muyenera kudya zokoma kwambiri, popeza mwakhala maola angapo pankhani yofunikayi.

Amadya masamba, zitsamba, mitengo yamasamba, komanso zipatso ndi mtedza. Kenako ikakwana nthawi yopuma, mutha kugona, kapena kugona pansi, kumangolana.

Ana amakonza masewera, tsiku lina, chikondwerero, amayi amapenda ubweya wawo, ngati kuli kotheka, kunyambita ang'onoang'ono.

Ngati banja silinadye mokwanira, mutha kudya musanakagone. Kenako mtsogoleriyo, mwachitsanzo chake, amalimbikitsa gulu kuti likonzekere kugona tulo. Amamanga chisa pansi panthambi ndi udzu, zazikazi zokhala ndi ana zimagona usiku wonse panthambi za mitengo zobiriwira bwino.

Mtsogoleriyo ali ndi udindo waukulu kwa abale ake. Amawateteza, amafunafuna malo odyetserako chakudya ndi malo ogona, amawunikira momwe gululo limayendera.

Akakumana ndi banja lina la anyani, kapena anthu, wamwamuna amamwetulira ndikumenya, akudzigwetsa pachifuwa ndi nkhonya, akuwoneka wowopsa kwambiri.

Kenako amathamangira ngati wamisala, akusesa chilichonse m'njira yake. Koma sizimakhala ndewu zazikulu, monga lamulo, phokoso lonse limangokhala kulumwa kwa mtsogoleri.

Yaikazi imabereka kamodzi pachaka zinayi. Mimba imatenga miyezi 8.5. Mmodzi amabadwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ana awiri. Kulemera kwa khanda lobadwa pafupi pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, ndi mayi ake kumakhalabe mpaka mwana wobadwa watsopano.

Kodi nyani wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi ndani? Masiku ano, gorilla amtundu wa fuko la banja lodziwika bwino, lomwe limaphatikizapo anthu. Nyani wamkulu kwambiri ali ndi kulemera kwama kilogalamu 270, ndi kutalika kwa 2 metres. Ndipo ngakhale akuwoneka wowopsa, amakhala wamtendere.

Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri nyani uyu. Kodi gorilla amakhala kuti zachilengedwe? Kodi chimadya chiyani?

A gorillas amalankhulana wina ndi mnzake osati mawu okha komanso nkhope

Ndi nyama zachikhalidwe, ndipo mwachilengedwe kuti akhale m'gulu. A gorillas amatha nthawi yawo yambiri akamadya. Popeza ndimasamba, amadya masamba, mphukira zazing'ono, ndipo nthawi zina zipatso.

Tsiku la gorilla nthawi zambiri limayamba ndi kuyenda kwakanthawi pafupi ndi chisa, pomwe amadya masamba ndi udzu. Chakudya chamasana ndi nthawi yopuma pomwe anyani amayenda m'nkhalango kapena akagona chabe. Masana, ntchito yopanga chisa imayamba. Mtsogoleri wa gululi, monga lamulo, wamwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri, amasankha malo oti apumulire. Mtsogoleri akapereka chizindikiro, mamembala onse amomwemo amayamba kumanga chisa.

Gorilla: nkhani yakupezeka kwamtunduwu

Zaka 2400 zapitazo, Wofufuza malo wa Carthaginian Gannon adabweretsa uthenga wachilendo kuchokera paulendo wopita ku gombe la West Africa. Adanenanso amuna ndi akazi amtundu wamtchire omwe womasulira adatcha "gorilla." Apaulendo adakumana nawo pamitunda ya Sierra Leone. "Amuna" zakutchire adayamba kuponya miyala kwa Carthaginians. Asitikali adagwira "akazi" angapo aubweya.

Amakhulupirira kuti nyama zomwe Gannon adaziwona sizinali ma gorilla konse, koma anyani. Koma kuyambira pamenepo mawu oti "gorilla" sanatayike pamilomo ya anthu aku Europe.

Komabe, patadutsa zaka mazana ambiri, koma palibe aliyense yemwe adakumana ku Africa "anthu a m'nkhalango laubweya", palibe amene adamva za iwo. Ngakhale akatswiri azaka zam'masiku akale, omwe amakhulupirira mosavuta anthu "okhala ndi mitu ya agalu" komanso m'miyendo yopanda mutu ndi maso pazifuwa zawo, adayamba kukayika zenizeni za gorilla. Pang'onopang'ono, pakati pa akatswiri azachilengedwe, lingaliro loti gorilla am'mbuyomu ndi chimpanzee, "mphekesera" zayamba kale. Ndipo ma chimpanzi panthawiyi anali odziwika kale ku Europe. (Mu 1641, chimpanzee woyamba amoyo adabwera ku Holland. Zinafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi katswiri wazomangamanga Tulp.)

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16, woyendetsa boti wachingelezi Andrei Beteli adalandidwa ndi Apwitikizi. Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu amakhala ku Africa, pafupi ndi Angola. Batel adalongosola za moyo wake kudziko lakutchire kuti "The Adventures ya Andrei Beteli", yofalitsidwa mbuku la maulendo mu 1625. Beteli amalankhula za anyani akuluakulu awiri - jengeko ndi pongo. Engeko ndi chimpanzee, koma mosakayikira pongo ndi gorilla. Pongo amawoneka ngati mamuna, koma sakudziwa nkomwe kuponyera chipika pamoto. Chilombo ichi ndi chimphona chenicheni. Lokhala ndi chibonga, limapha anthu ndikusaka ... njovu. Kugwira pongo yamoyo ndikosatheka, kuzipeza kuti zakufa sikophweka, chifukwa ma pongo ake omwe adafa adayikidwa pansi masamba.

Nkhani zodabwitsa zaku Beteli zimatsimikizira ochepa. Pomwe ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe omwe nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuli gorilla. Pakati pa "okhulupirira" panali wasayansi wotchuka wa ku France Buffon. Adavomereza kuti nkhani za Beteli zitha kukhala ndi maziko enieni. Koma "osakhulupirira" adawawona anthu onga anyani ngati chimera chosatheka, chofanana ndi chimphona chopusa chomwe chimakongoletsa zoyambira za Notre Dame Cathedral.

Koma mu 1847, Dr. Thomas Savage, yemwe amakhala chaka chonse ku Mtsinje wa Gabon (umayenda ku Gulf of Guinea kumwera kwa Cameroon), adafalitsa ntchito zake zasayansi ku Boston. Uku ndi kufotokozera koyamba kodalirika kwamakhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a gorilla.Chifukwa chake, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, asayansi aku Europe adadziwa kuti nyani wamkulu wokhala ndiuthengo amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za ku Central Africa, ndipo kukula kwake kumapitilira kukula kwa chimpanzee, komwe kumatchedwa gorilla.

Moyo

A gorillas amakhala m'magulu am'banja, kuphatikiza achikazi, ana awo amphongo ndi amodzi (kawirikawiri) wamwamuna wamkulu. Wamphongo amateteza gulu lake kwa adani ndi anyamata ena. Potsirizira pake, wamwamuna, monga lamulo, amangokhala pachiwonetsero cha mphamvu, osagwiritsa ntchito pochita. Kuwonetsera kwa mphamvu ndi motere: Amphongo amathamangira mdani, mwadzidzidzi akuima patsogolo pake, nthawi zambiri akumadzuka ndikuwombera pachifuwa chake ndi nkhonya, pomwe akufuna kuthawa, amamumenya ndikumenya (nthawi zambiri kamodzi - "kotero sizinali bwino", koma gorilla sanathenso ndikofunikira, ndi mafangidwe a 5 cm). Chifukwa cha zovuta zam'mbuyo izi, m'mitundu ina ya ku Africa, kuluma gorilla kudali kochititsa manyazi, kuwonetsa kuti munthu wapangika thuku ndikuthawa.

Nthawi zina wamwamuna amakhala ndi mphamvu chifukwa chofuna kudzilimbitsa: choyamba amagwedeza mawu osokonekera, chiguduli chimayamba kugwedezeka, kenako nkuyimirira ndikudzigwetsa phewa lake, ndikudzigwetsa pachifuwa. Kenako amathawa, atayimirira miyendo iwiri, amagwa pamiyendo yonse inayi ndikuthamangira, ndikuphwanya chilichonse munjira yake, kenako nkuima ndikugunda pansi ndi manja ake.

Mukukula, mtundu wa malaya kumbuyo kwa wamphongo amasintha kuyambira wakuda kukhala siliva. Magulu a mabanja nthawi zambiri amatsogozedwa ndi amuna omwe amakhala ndi ubweya wamkati wa siliva kumbuyo kwawo. Amuna a gorilla, atatha kutha, monga lamulo, amasiya gulu lawo.

M'mawa, gorilla amadya, pambuyo pake amayenda pang'onopang'ono kudutsa m'nkhalango. Masana, gorilla amakhala ndi phokoso - wina amangapo zisa za tulo, ena onse amangogona pansi. Pakadali pano, amayi amasamba ana awo, akulu ndi ana okulirapo amayang'anira ndi kutsuka khungu la wina ndi mnzake, koma osachita mwachangu komanso molondola kuposa anyani ena.

Choyamba, yamphongo imamanga chisa kuti chigone, mamembala ena a gululo amatengera chitsanzo kwa iye. Chifukwa cholemera kwambiri, yamphongo imamanga chisa cha pansi, kumapinda nthambi ndi kudulira udzu mkati mwa mbali zosiyanasiyana. Ena onse amapita usiku m'mitengo. Gulu lonse limagona usiku.

Gorilla wakumadzulo amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha zomwe zimakhala ndi udzu wowuma ndipo malo otentha, pomwe gorilla wakummawa amakhala m'nkhalango zotsika komanso zamapiri zokhala ndi udzu wambiri. Mitundu yonse ya gorilla imakhala ku Africa. Gorila, limodzi ndi chimpanzi ndi ma orangutan, ali pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu, poyerekeza ndi anyani ena.

Kuswana

Gorilla amakhala m'magulu okhazikika a nyama 5 mpaka 30. Mu gulu loterolo pakhoza kukhala wamwamuna wamkulu wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi siliva kumbuyo (siliva) - mtsogoleri, abambo awiri osakhazikika, azimayi achikulire a 66 wazaka zopitilira 8, wolumikizidwa ndi maubwenzi ndi mtsogoleri, ndi ana atatu a 3-10 amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana. (Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kafukufuku waposachedwa wawonetsa kuti pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse amapanga abambo awiri akulu nthawi imodzi. Akazi achikulire mu gulu la abambo nthawi zambiri samayenderana ndi ubale komanso ubale pakati pawo amakhala wofooka kwambiri, chifukwa chake, samasungidwa pamodzi ndi gulu la banja, koma chifukwa cha ubale wa mzimayi aliyense wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna wokhala ndi siliva.

Zachikazi zimabereka pafupifupi kamodzi pa zaka 6-8. Mwana wakhanda wolemera makilogalamu 1.8-2 ndipo alibe chilichonse. Amayamba kukwawa patatha pafupifupi milungu 9, ndikuyenda masabata 30 mpaka 40. Miyezi 8 yoyambirira, amadya mkaka wa m'mawere okha, nthawi zina amayi ake amamuwadyetsa mpaka zaka zitatu. Mtsikana akatsalira mgulu lakelo, thandizo la amayi ndikofunika kwa iye pambuyo pake, akadzabereka mwana wawo.

Zachikazi zimatha kutha msinkhu pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, amuna a zaka 10, koma agogo aang'ono amayamba kubereka pambuyo pake (abambo osaposa zaka 15-20). Amodzi mwa akazi atatu ndi theka achimuna amachoka pagulu lomwe anabadwira. Akazi nthawi zambiri amagwera pagulu lasiliva loyandikira, koma osakhala naye kwamuyaya.Amuna achichepere omwe asiya gulu lawo amakakamizidwa kuti azingoyendayenda okha kapena ndi amuna ena kwakanthawi, ndipo nthawi zina zimadutsa zaka mpaka amakwanitsa kutenga akazi m'magulu ena ndikupanga okha amayi. Izi zikachitika, mwamunayo nthawi zambiri amakhalamo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Ndiyenera kunena kuti moyo wake ndi wotopetsa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amuna achilendo amayesa kutenga akazi ake, ndipo muyenera kudzuka kuti muwateteze.

Chifukwa chiyani zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira?

Pazaka 20 zapitazi (kwa gorilla wakum'mawa gorilla uno ndi m'badwo umodzi), kuchuluka kwa mabanjawa atsika kwambiri. Masiku ano, nthumwi zokwana 700 zokha zomwe zidatsalira. Ngati tiziwerenga kuyambira mu 1970, ndiye kuti mibadwo itatu ya ma gorilla adzachita bwino pofika chaka cha 2030. Malinga ndi kulosera kwawonetseratu, kuchuluka kwa anthu am'mbuyomu amatsika ndi 50% panthawiyi.

Ngakhale kuti zifukwa zomwe zachitika motere ndizomveka komanso zomveka bwino, sizovuta kusintha. Dera lomwe gorilla amakhala m'maderamo ndi gawo la zipolowe zandale. Chiwerengero cha anthu akumeneko chikukula mwachangu chaka chilichonse, koma malamulo omwe amakhazikitsidwa kale salemekezedwa. Masiku ano, kusaka ma gorilla akum'mawa akukhala ponseponse kuposa nkhondo zamtundu. Nthawi zambiri, gorilla wam'mapiri amatenga matenda kuchokera kwa anthu, nyama zapakhomo ndi zina zakuthengo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana.

Kudyetsa nyama mwachangu komanso kudula mitengo mosaloledwa kumaderanso. Komabe, ofufuzawo amayesa kuti apenye zomwe zikuchitika, poyesayesa kwambiri kuti ateteze mabungwe osowa komanso omwe ali pangozi.

1. A gorillas ndi oyimira wamkulu wa gulu lalikulu.
2. Gorilla DNA ikufanana kwambiri ndi DNA ya anthu - 95-99%.
3. Ndiwo wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa munthu atakhala mitundu iwiri ya anyani a chimpanzee, onse achibale ochokera mbadwa zaka pafupifupi 7 miliyoni zapitazo.
4. Tsopano oposa 100,000 a kumadzulo a gorilla am'madera akum'mwera amakhala zachilengedwe ndipo enanso 4,000 m'malo osungira nyama.
5. Pali zilombo pafupifupi 4,000 zakum'mawa zakutchire, ndipo 24 zokha ndi malo osungira nyama.
6. Ma gorilla am'mapiri ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu - ndi anthu 620 okha omwe amakhalapo mwachilengedwe ndipo palibe amodzi osungira nyama.
7. Atsitsi amatha kuimirira ndikuyenda miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, koma nthawi zambiri amayenda pamiyendo yonse inayi. Nthawi yomweyo, ma gorilla, ngati chimpanzi, samadalira manja ndi ma phale akutsogolo poyenda, monga nyama zina zonse, koma kumbuyo kwa zala zawo zakuthwa. Njira iyi yoyenda imakupatsani mwayi kuti mupulumutse mkati mwa burashi.
8. Gorilla ndi chimpanzi amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi poyendera limodzi ndi ma antete ndi ma platypus.
9. Wamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu amafika pa 1.65-1.75 m kutalika ndi kupindika kwa phewa pafupifupi mita imodzi ndipo akulemera makilogalamu 140-200.
10. Mwana amadalira kwathunthu mayi, yemwe amudyetsa, kumuvala, kumuteteza komanso kumukonda mpaka zaka zitatu, akadzakhala membala woyima pawokha.
11. Kutalika kwa moyo wa gorilla ndi zaka 30-50, ngakhale panali "omalizira".
12. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa Mdima, zochitika zonse zimatha, ndipo gululo limagona.
13. M'mabanja a gorilla, mikangano imapezeka kwambiri pakati pa akazi. Akamaukira gulu la gorilla, amuna amadziteteza. Mkwiyo nthawi zambiri umakhala chiwonetsero cha mphamvu ndi mantha: gorilla amathamangira mdani ndikuima mwadzidzidzi pamaso pake, nthawi zambiri amadzuka kuchokera kumiyendo yonse inayi mpaka kumapazi kwake ndikumenya chifuwa chake.
14. Gorilla sayenera kumwa - zipatso zamasamba zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Madziwewa ndipo nthawi zambiri madzi amawapewa nthawi zonse, ndipo mvula siyimakondedwa.

Magwero

http://animalworld.com.ua/news/Interesnyje-fakty-o-gorillah https://zooclub.org.ua/primaty/351-gorilla.html http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/ biologiya / GORILLI.html

Gorilla ndi anyani akuluakulu kwambiri komanso anyani ambiri.Pamodzi ndi chimpanzi ndi ma orangutan, ali pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu. Mitundu ya gorilla imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri - gorilla wakumpoto ndi kumadzulo, omwe ali ofanana kwambiri.

Gorilla waku Western lowland (gorilla gorilla gorilla).

Maonekedwe a nyamazo zimapangitsa ulemu komanso mantha. Zowonadi, kukula kwa gorilla kumatha kufika 1.8 m, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kokwanira mpaka makilogalamu 140-200! Poyerekeza ndi munthu wa kutalika komweko, gorilla amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Thupi la nyama izi ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuposa lalitali, miyendo yayitali komanso yopanda minofu nthawi yomweyo, manja ndi miyendo m'lifupi. Monga lamulo, m'mimba mwa ma gorilla onse ndi akulu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'matumbo awo, kumbuyo kumakhala kotalikirapo, nthawi zina kumachepera pang'ono. Nsagwada za anyaniwa ndi amphamvu ndipo amatuluka kutsogolo. Gorilla amadziwika ndi mphuno zambiri komanso maso owoneka bwino. Mtundu wa khungu ndi chikhoto cha nyamazi ndi zakuda; achichepere amatha kukhala ndi bulasi yakuda. Mwa abambo akale gorilla, tsitsi lakumbuyo limapeza mtundu wa imvi, utoto uwu umawonetsa kutha kwa nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna amakhala ndi nape yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi kutsokomola tsitsi pa korona. Komabe, izi ndi zizindikiro zokhazo zomwe zimasiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi - kugonana kwa dimorphism mumtundu wa mbewawu kumafotokozedwanso. Tsitsi la gorilla ndi lalitali komanso lakuda. Poyang'ana koyamba, ubweya wotere umasokoneza nyama nyengo yotentha, koma makamaka, mu gorilla, kutentha usiku kumatha kutsika mpaka + 16 ° C ndipo ubweya umawathandiza kutenthetsera.

Mwana wa gorilla amaphunzira kumadziguguda pachifuwa kuti asonyeze mphamvu. Phunziro lake limayang'aniridwa ndi makolo ake (wamwamuna kumanzere).

Mitundu yonseyi ya gorilla imapezeka ku West ndi Central Africa kokha. Amakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira za kumapiri ndi m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri. Gorillas amakhala m'magulu a anthu 7-15. Banja lililonse limakhala wamwamuna wamkulu mmodzi ndi akazi angapo okhala ndi ana amuna ndi anyamata. Gorillas ndi nyama zomwe zimangokhala, banja lililonse limakhala m'dera lalikulu, lomwe limadutsa milungu ingapo iliyonse. Monga anyani onse a gorilla akugwira masana, usiku amagona mu zisa zoyambira nthambi zosagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Chifukwa cha kulemera kwakukulu, ma gorilla samakonda kukwera mitengo, ana aang'ono okha omwe amakonda kukwera timakwawa kapena nthambi za mitengo pamasewera.

Nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yambiri kufunafuna chakudya, kudutsa gawo lonse kufunafuna mitengo yomwe amakonda. Ziphuphu zimayenda pamiyendo inayi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosalekeza. Akamayenda, amapuma pansi ndi kumbuyo kwa kanjedza. Njira yosunthirayi ndi yodziwika kwa anyani onse.

Ngakhale mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, ma gorilla ndi odekha. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimafuna kuthengo mwakudya, kwinaku zikuona anthu ena pagululo. Ana amapanga zambiri, kusewera kwambiri, koma masewera awo samveka phokoso. Ulamuliro wa wamwamuna m'banjamo sungagwedezeke, chifukwa chake, ngati kusamvana kumabuka mkango, nthawi zambiri pakati pa akazi. Akakangana, amadzuka pang'onopang'ono mpaka kuluma wina ndi mnzake. Koma mtsogoleriyo samapirira nthawi yayitali moteromo, ndikungotaya mwadzidzidzi amatulutsa ma cuffs awiri azimayi otukukika ndikulamulira m'busa.

Kulimbana kwenikweni kumakhalapo pakati pa amuna pokhapokha ngati achichepere akunena kuti ndi banja lakale, koma ngakhale pankhani iyi amakonda kusankha okha chiwonetsero chowopsa, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti gorilla ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ndipo amatha kuvulaza wina ndi mzake pankhondo, chifukwa chake amuna amapanga mpikisano wa "fano". Nthawi yomweyo, amawuka ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, amadziguguda pachifuwa ndi nkhonya ndikufuula mokweza.

Ziphuphu ndi zamasamba, zimadya zakudya zokha, zimakonda masamba ndi thunthu. Zipatso zimapanga gawo laling'ono lazakudya zawo. Chifukwa cha chakudya chochepa kwambiri chama calorie, nyama izi zimakakamizidwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito nthawi 40-60% masana kudya. Nyani zambiri sizimamwa, chifukwa zimalandira chinyezi chofunikira ndi chakudya.Monga ma orangutan, gorilla samakonda madzi ndipo amayesera kubisala mumvula pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu.

Gorilla mukudyetsa.

Gorilla amaswana chaka chonse. Amuna okwatirana ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu; amuna otsala ayenera kupeza utsogoleri kuti apitilize mtunduwo. Mimba imatenga miyezi 8.5.

Gulu la gorilla limabereka kamodzi, nthawi zambiri - ana awiri amphongo ndipo amawonetsa kukhudzika kwawo.

Choyamba, khanda limamatirira ku chovala cha amayi, ndipo limakanikizira pachifuwa chake, mwana wakhwima amasunthira kumbuyo kwake ndipo mkaziyo amawanyamula kulikonse.

Ngakhale zikuwoneka ngati zovuta, makanda, ngati ana amtundu wa kumadzulo kwa gorilla, amakhala omasuka kumbuyo kwa amayi awo.

Ana amakula amasuntha pawokha, koma amayenda ndi amayi awo kwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka zaka 5). Ngakhale mwana atalekanitsidwa kwathunthu, zimadutsa nthawi yaunyamata ndipo pamapeto pake gorilla amakhala wamkulu pofika zaka za 10-12. A Gorilla amakhala m'chilengedwe zaka 30 mpaka 35, ali mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chimatha kufika zaka 50-55.

Mwana wakhanda wa gorilla m'mimba mwa mayi ake.

Mu chilengedwe, anyaniwa alibe mdani: kukula kwakukulu, kulimba ndi kuthandizira kophatikizana zimawapangitsa kukhala osakhudzidwa ndi nyama zina. Nawonso ma gorilla samawachitira nkhanza anansi awo: amadyera ndi osakhazikika m'nkhalango, osaganizira anyani ang'onoang'ono. Mdani wawo yekhayo ndi munthu, kapena m'malo mwake, andibodza ena. Poyamba anthu sanasake gorilla, koma monga chitukuko chida kudziwa za gorilla, adakhala zionetsero zofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikiza zoweta. Pankhaniyi, luso lachilendo lidatulukira: gorilla wamkulu amaphedwa kuti adule matako awo, omwe ndi mtundu wamkono wachuma. Ana opulumuka amasinthidwanso kumalo osungira nyama. Vuto losiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa anthu omwe amakhudza gorilla. M'mbuyomu, pakati paderali, matenda monga fuluwenza, mwachitsanzo, sanali kudziwika, tsopano alendo amabwera ndi ma virus. Ziphuphu zomwe sizigonjetsedwa ndi chimfine ndizovuta kwambiri kulekerera kuthengo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafa. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama izi zimadwala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo okhala. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso nkhondo zapachiweniweni zomwe dera likukhala, zimawapangitsa kukhala pamavuto.

Gorilla wamng'onoyu anapulumutsidwa m'manja mwa ogulitsa nyama ku Congo. Mwana wamasiye akamazolowera nyumba yatsopanoyi, ogwira ntchito kumalo operekera nyumbazi amavala masks kuti asatengere mwana ndi matenda aanthu.

Muukapolo, nyama izi zimasinthidwa bwino ngati zidakwezedwa ndi anthu kuyambira ali ana. Koma kuthana ndi ma gorilla kumafunikira kuti amvetsetse zama psychology awo - sikuti amachita masewerawa ndipo sanapangidwe kuti aphunzire zanzeru. Ndi malingaliro abata ndi aulemu, gorilla amapeza mosavuta kumvana ndi munthu. Gorilla wakummwera wachilumba lotchedwa Coco anali nyama yoyamba kudziwa bwino anthu. Zowona, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kazinthu zamagetsi, kanyani sikangathenso kutulutsa mawu, koma mawu amasinthidwa ndi manja. Kwa zaka 40 za moyo wake, Coco adaphunzira mawu a Chingerezi pafupifupi 2000 ndipo adasinkhasinkha mawu okwanira ngati 1,000 m'chinenedwe cha anthu ogontha. Ndi chithandizo chawo, samangodziwitsa okhawo omwe amasamalira zofunikira zake, komanso akuwonetsa malingaliro, zovuta komanso ngakhale nthabwala.

Pa moyo wake wonse, Coco adanenanso mobwerezabwereza kwa omwe akuwasamalira za kufuna kukhala ndi mwana. Kuti awonjezere kusungulumwa kwake, adaloledwa kukhala ndi mphaka. Mwana woyamba kubadwa atamwalira mwangozi, Coco analira, pachithunzichi, wachiwiri pamawadi ake.

Ufumu: Nyama (Animalia).
Mtundu: Chordates (Chordata).
Giredi: Mammals (Mammalia).
Gulu: Mapulogalamu
Banja: Ma Hominids (Homnidae).
Jenda: Gorilla.
Onani: Gorilla - Gorilla gorilla Savage et Wyman, 1847 (V, 174)

Chifukwa chiyani alembedwa mu Buku Lofiira

Gorilla - Gorilla gorilla - Wotayika.Malinga ndi gulu la IUCN Red Book, gorilla ndi mtundu wocheperako wokhala ndi anthu omwe akuchepa, womwe ungakhale pangozi yotha posachedwa.

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma gorilla makamaka kumachitika chifukwa cha chitukuko cha malo okhala anthu komanso kusaka. Ku Congo, Cameroon, Zaire ndi Gabon, gorilla amasakabe.

Mudziwa bwanji

Kukula kwa ma gorilla amphongo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 180, kulemera mpaka 280 kg. Zolimbitsa thupi ndi zazikulu. Thunthu lake limakhala ngati mbiya, chifuwa chimakhala champhamvu, cham'mimba ndichoperewera, khosi limakhala lalifupi, mutu ndi wawukulu, kutsogolo kumakhala kutalika, miyendo yakumbuyo imafupikitsidwa. Zala zazifupi, zolumikizidwa kumiyendo yakumaso pafupi ndi phalanges ya msomali. Mutu wake ndi wozungulira, pang'onopang'ono. Makutu ndi ang'ono, atakanikizidwa kumutu.

Makatani apamwamba amapangidwa kwambiri. Mphuno yake ndi yayikulu. Tsitsi ndilakhungu, lalitali kutalika, osowa. Utoto wake ndi wakuda. Nkhope, makutu, manja ndi mapazi ndilibe. Pamwamba pamutu pali mtundu wa pilo, chifanizo (chosambira chokhala ndi makulidwe amkhungu komanso wokutidwa ndi tsitsi.

Komwe kumakhala

Kugawidwa chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha equatorial Africa kuchokera ku Southeast Nigeria kumpoto ndi kumwera kudzera ku Cameroon, Gabon pafupifupi mpaka kumtsinje. Kongo Kuchokera pagombe lakumadzulo, mtandawo umafikira kumtunda waukulu pafupifupi 800 km kukafika kumtsinje. Ubangi, wapamwamba kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Congo. Gawo lachiwiri la mtunduwu lili pamtunda wamtunda pafupifupi 1000 km kummawa ndipo lili ku Central Africa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe amakona atatu ndipo ili pafupifupi kwathunthu ku Zaire.

Malire amachokera ku Lubutu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo, kupita ku Lubero kumpoto chakum'mawa ndikupita ku Fizi kumwera. Kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, malowa amafalikira pafupifupi 480 km, kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, 350 km. Malo okwanira pafupifupi 56,000 km2. M'mphepete mwa mapiri a Verunga ndi nkhalango ya Kayonza, malire a gorilla amachokera ku Uganda ndi Rwanda kudutsa pansi pa Rift Valley komanso mbali yakum'mawa kwa mapiri akuthwa.

Pali magulu atatu a gorilla. Gorilla wam'mapiri G. g. benngei - gorilla wamkulu, wotalika kutalika mpaka 172-220 cm, wogawidwa m'mapiri a Kahuzi ndi Virunga ku Zaire, Rwanda ndi Uganda.

Gorilla akumadzulo G. g. gorilla - kukula kwake ndi kocheperako - mpaka 168 masentimita pamalo owongoka, ogawidwa madera otsika kumwera kwa Nigeria, kumwera kwa Cameroon, Rio Muni ndi Zaire - kumwera mpaka mkamwa mwa gorilla wa R Congo Eastern - G. g. zamkati - zazikuluzikulu kukula, zomwe zimagawidwa kuchokera ku banki ya kumtsinje. Congo ku East Zaire kupita kunyanja za Edward ndi Kivu kumwera kupita kuchigawo cha Maniema ndi mapiri a Itombwe kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja. Tanganyika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuli anthu akutali kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Uganda.

Kodi mumadziwa kuti gorilla:

• ndiye nyani wamkulu woyimilira,
• imatha kukweza kulemera kwa makilogalamu 980
• kuthengo kuli ma gorilla okwera 300 okha otsala,
• mwa amuna akuluakulu, chovala chasiliva chakumbuyo
• Kutalika kwa mkono ndi kupitirira 2.5 m,
• zazikazi ndi ana a ng'ombe zimatha kukwera mumtengo, pomwe abambo, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, nthawi zambiri amakhalabe pansi.
• ali mu ukapolo moyo zaka 50.

Mwachidule pa chinthu chachikulu. Kodi gorilla ndi ndani?

Gorilla amaoneka ngati oyambira kwambiri. Izi zimatsimikizira kutalika ndi kulemera kwawo: nthawi zina amuna amafika 1.7 m vs 250 kg ! Vomerezani, izi ndizosangalatsa ngakhale kwa mdani. Komabe, anyaniwa amadalira kwambiri zomera.

Zomwe amadya ndi masamba ndi zitsamba monga nettle ndi udzu winawake, mtedza, zipatso ndi dongo, zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wothandiza. Kuchokera pazakudya za nyama, amakonda tizilombo.

Kodi pali agorila angati omwe amakhala? Yankhani apa

Gorilla ali ndi adani ochepa kwambiri m'malo awo achilengedwe, omwe amalola kuti nyama zambiri zizikhala zakale kwambiri. Ndipo ukalamba uwu umachitika pafupifupi 40 wazaka.

Ndizosatheka kunena zenizeni za kutalika kwakukhalira kwa anyani ku vivo chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kafukufuku pamutuwu.

Chifukwa chake, pazaka zapakati pazakudya, zikuyimira 30-35 wazaka. Akazi amadziwika kuti amakhala motalikirapo, chifukwa chokhala bwino kwambiri.

Gorilla m'ndende. Kodi izi zimakhudza bwanji chiyembekezo cha moyo?

Moyo wama gorilla ogwidwa umamveka bwino.Amadziwika kuti ku zoos agorilla amapulumuka, pafupifupi, mpaka zaka 50. Izi sizimakhudzidwa ndimikhalidwe yabwino yokhazikika yachilengedwe (kudya kwachilendo komanso kosalekeza, kulandira chithandizo kwakanthawi, kusowa kwa adani) komanso zinthu zina.

Kafukufuku amene anachitika ku malo osungira nyama ku America awonetsa kuti mtundu wawo umakhudzanso moyo wa anyani.

A Gorillas, omwe anali pafupi ndi owombeza, ndiye kuti, anali ochezeka komanso ochezeka kwa achibale, anali akhama pantchito, amakhala, pafupifupi, zaka 10-15 kutalika kuposa anyani otsekedwa.

Pali agorila angati omwe amakhala - opikisana ndi zaka

Mwina wotchuka kwambiri gorilla wautali - Fatou kukhala kumalo osungira nyama ku Berlin. Epulo 13, 2016 Fatou watembenuka kwathunthu 59 zaka! Mwa awa 59, pafupifupi 57 adakhala kumalo osungira nyama.

Fatou ndi mpainiya m'lingaliro lililonse: iye si gorilla wakale wakale mu zoo iyi, komanso anali woyamba kubala: mu 1974 Chaka anabala mwana wamkazi dzina lake Dufte. Fatou tsopano ndi agogo.

Gorilla anabadwira ku West Africa mu 1957, koma tsiku lake lobadwa silidziwika. Koma ndikudziwika kuti tsopano akukhala moyo wabwino kwambiri kuposa gorilla wina aliyense, ngakhale kuthengo.

Fatou ali ndi njira yapaulendo, ndipo amamudyetsa ndi zipatso zosanizidwa, popeza zimamuvuta kutafuna yekha. Fatou amakonda kampani yosamalira anthu anyani ena, ndipo amakhalanso ochezeka kwambiri kwa alendo wamba.

Tsiku lobadwa la Fatou limakondwerera kwambiri: chaka chilichonse amakhala ndi zipatso zapamwamba komanso phiri la maswiti.

Ma gorilla ena okhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali amadziwika. Chifukwa chake, ku Ohio Zoo kumakhala nyani wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yemwe ndi wamkulu miyezi 4 kuposa Fatou. Kolo anabadwira kumalo osungira nyama mu 1956, ndipo tsopano ali ndi ana atatu, zidzukulu zopitilira 20 ndi zidzukulu zazikulu, ndipo ngakhale ali ndi adzukulu akulu atatu. Ndi banja lokondana, amakhala m'malo obisika a zoo.

Nkhaniyi imapezekanso m'zilankhulo izi: Thai

Gorilla Size:

• kutalika: Amuna - 1.65-2.0 m, akazi - 1.4 m,
• kulemera: Amuna - 160 - 225 kg (ali mu ukapolo mpaka 270 kg), akazi 60-100 kg,
• chiyembekezo chamoyo: zaka 30 mpaka 40 (mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 50, zolembedwa zaka 54).

Pali makanema ambiri omwe anyani akuluakulu amatsenga amakhala gawo lalikulu. Ndikosatheka kukumana ndi a King Kong enieni kulikonse chifukwa kulibe. Koma mutha kuwonabe mtundu wake mwachilengedwe kapena zoo.

Zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi? Gorilla Monkey - uyu ndiye woimira wamkulu wa anyani. Amagwirizana kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake ka nyama izi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu adaphunzira za iwo kuchokera pofotokozera za Thomas Sevijemiz, mmishonale wochokera ku America.

Zojambula ndi malo a gorilla

Zosankha zenizeni pamoyo gorilla anyani ochepera kuposa mumafilimu azopeka za sayansi za iye. Kutalika kwa nyama yosangalatsayi ndi pafupifupi mamita awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake nthawi zina kumafika 270 kg. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi. Misana yawo yotambalala ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri. M'lifupi mwake, wamwamuna amafika mita imodzi.

Thupi lonse chithunzi gorilla nyani mphamvu ndi mphamvu zowoneka ndizodabwitsa. Ndiwachikulu, ili ndi minofu yolimba, manja amphamvu ndi mapazi amphamvu.

Mapewa a girilla gorilla amatha kufikira mita imodzi

Utoto wa gorilla ndi wakuda bii, amuna akuluakulu akadali ndi lingwe lazitsulo kumiyendo yawo yonse. Gulu la gorilla wamtunduwu limatchuka kwambiri.

Zatsogola ndizitali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Nyamayi imatha kuyenda miyendo yake yakumbuyo, koma imakondabe kuyenda pamiyendo yonse inayi. Ma gorilla amayenda, atatsamira zala zakumbuyo, motero mbali yamkati yamanja ya nyamayo ndiyosamalitsa.

Pamutu wawukulu wa nyamayo pali mphumi wotsika komanso nsagwada zambiri zikubwera. Kuchuluka kwa ubongo wa gorilla kuli pafupifupi masentimita pafupifupi 600.Nyama ili ndi ma chromosome 48.

Gorilla amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za Gabon, Cameroon, ndi Congo zimatchedwa gorilla.

Zomwe zimakhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Africa ku Virunga milifamu imatchedwa kuti mapiri. Ma gorilla am'mapiri amasiyana ndi chigwa chautali ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe amafunikira kuti ateteze nyama ku chisanu chamapiri.

Khalidwe la gorilla ndi moyo

Nyani wa gorilla amakhala m'magulu a anthu 5-30. Mtsogoleriyo amakhala m'malo oterowo; pali amuna, akazi ndi ana ochepa. Gorilla ndi anthu oopsa kwambiri m'nkhalangoyi, motero alibe adani ndi adani apadera.

Zakudya zawo zimamera kulikonse m'nkhalango, choncho safunika kutaya nthawi yayitali kufunafuna chakudya. M'mawa, anyaniwa amakonda kugona. Pambuyo podzuka, nyama zimayenda mozungulira malo otentha ndikupuma.

Kwa gorilla ambiri, kupumula ndikumaloto, anyani ang'onoang'ono amasewera pakati pawo, pomwe nyama zina zimasaka ubweya wa wina ndi mnzake.

Pambuyo pake, amayendanso m'nkhalango, nthawi yomweyo akudya. Ntchitoyi ikupitilira ndi iwo mpaka kucha. Kuusiku, mtsogoleri wa gululo ayamba kudzipangira chisa kuchokera kunthambi.

Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake, mtsogoleriyo nthawi zambiri amagona pansi.

Monga lamulo, imakhazikika pansi chifukwa mtsogoleri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi unyinji waukulu. Mamembala ena a gulu lokondwerera'lo akukwera pamitengoyo, atamanga zisa zawo pamenepo, amagona momveka bwino m'malo amenewo komwe amagwidwa usiku.

Nyama zachikhalidwe izi ndizabwino komanso zachilengedwe kukhala m'gulu. Agulu sakonda maiwe ndipo amayesa kuwadutsa. Sangalinso ndi nyengo yamvula.

Ngakhale ma gorilla amawoneka mochititsa mantha, nyamazo ndizabwino komanso zamtendere, ngati simukugwirizana nazo. Mtsogoleri wawo amatha kuvina mozizwitsa kuti alimbikitse ulamuliro wake ndikuteteza gulu kwa mdani, koma kuopseza kumene sikumapitilira kuvina.

Ngakhale, atakwiya, nthawi zambiri samapewa kuukira munthu. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti kuluma kwakung'ono.

Gorilla ndi ochezeka

Gulu la gorilla limakhala bata. Zovuta zimachitika nthawi zina pakati pa akazi, zomwe zimatha msanga pambuyo pa zolimba zazing'ono zamkamwa.

Mtsogoleri panthawiyi samalowerera mikangano pakati pa "azimayi", koma modzichepetsa amayang'ana zonsezi kuchokera kunja. Kuyankhulana pakati pa mamembala onse a gululi kumachitika pamlingo wazizindikiro, womwe umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawu.

Oyambirira kwambiri ndi azinyama. Chakudya chachikulu cha ma gorilla ndi zinthu zomwe zidachokera kumera. Pakati pa masewera ndi ena onse Nyani wa gorilla amadya udzu winawake, maula, ma bedi, mphukira za nsungwi ndi zipatso za njiwa.

Amachepetsa chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi mtedza ndi zipatso. A gorilla ali ndi nsagwada zolimba kwambiri, amatafuna mosavuta pamizu ya mitengo, panthambi ndi nkhuni. Nthawi zina, kawirikawiri, tizilombo timatha kulowa mu chakudya.

Kuperewera kwa mchere wa gorilla mthupi kumalipidwa ndi mitundu ina ya dongo. Kukula kwa nyamazo sikukulola kudya pamtengo, chifukwa zimatsikira pansi.

Kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kupirira popanda madzi chifukwa mu zobiriwira zimatha chinyezi chokwanira. Kuti amve bwino, ma gorilla ayenera kuyamwa zinthu zambiri. M'malo mwake, tsiku lawo lonse limakhala ndi kuti amapeza chakudya chawo, amachipeza ndikugona.

Kubzala gorilla ndi moyo wautali

Zaka za kubereka kwa akazi gorilla zimayambira zaka 10, mwa amuna kuyambira azaka 15 mpaka 20. Kubereka kumachitika kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Mimba imatenga masiku 250-270. Mwana wakhanda wolemera 1.5 amabadwa.

Chithunzichi, mwana wa gorilla

Ndiwosathandiza kwenikweni, osatha kukwawa. Kufikira miyezi isanu ndi itatu, amadya mkaka wa amayi wokha. Nthawi zina kuyamwitsa kumachedwa mpaka zaka zitatu.Kwa nthawi yayitali, ana ali pafupi ndi makolo awo. Gorilla amakhala m'chilengedwe mpaka zaka 40. Ali mu ukapolo zaka khumi.

Gorilla (gorilla gorilla) - nyani wamkulu kwambiri m'banja la humanoid dongosolo la anyani (Primates).

Kukula kwa amuna akuluakulu mpaka 175 cm ndi zina zambiri, kutalika kwa mkono kuli mpaka 260 masentimita, chifuwa chofika mpaka 152 cm, kulemera makilogalamu 135-180 (mu ukapolo mpaka 300 kg).

Akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri (kulemera kwa 75-110 kg, ali mu ukapolo mpaka 126).

Tsitsi ndi lakuda, pachikongolero cha mutu ndimtambo wamtambo, imvi kumbuyo ndi msinkhu. Mutu ndi wokulirapo, nsidze zimatulutsa mwamphamvu, thupi limakhala lalikulu, miyendo yakumtunda ndiyotalikirapo kuposa apansi.

Kufanana kwa kapangidwe ka thupi ndi anthu amafotokozeredwa ndi njira yamoyo yapadziko lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa bokosi laubongo ndi 500-600 cubic metres. masentimita (mpaka 752 cubic cm), ubongo umakhala pafupi ndi ubongo wa munthu. Chromosomes - 48 (mwa anthu 46).

Ziphuphu ndizofala ku Equatorial Africa. Ma subspecies atatu: Gorilla wakumadzulo komanso wotukuka kum'mawa - wamapiri ndi otsika. Amakhala munkhalango zotentha kapena zamapiri.

Amakhala zazing'ono (anthu 5-30 aliyense), motsogozedwa ndi amuna amphamvu. Pansi amayenda miyendo inayi. Nthawi zina amakwera mitengo. Zakudya zamasamba - zipatso, zipatso, mtedza.

Usiku, mumanga zisa pansi kapena pamitengo. Mimba imachokera masiku 250 mpaka 290: mwana wakhanda amalemera pafupifupi 2 kg. Kutalika kwa moyo kuthengo ndi zaka 25-30. Chifukwa chakusaka, amawotedwa kwambiri ndipo amatetezedwa. Kugwirira ntchito sikumalekeredwa bwino, sikumaberekanso.

Ku Uganda, gulu lofufuza la ku France ndi ku Uganda lidapeza zotsalira za nyani wamkulu. Zidutswa zomwe zapezeka, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mano ndi chidutswa cha khungu, zimatilola kutsimikiza ndi mtima wonse kuti mbewa ndi ya mitundu yosadziwika.

Poyerekeza ndi zotsalazo, anyaniwa amayenera kutalikirana ndi nyani wamkulu wamkazi, ndiye kuti, anali wamkulu kuposa anyani onse am'madzi odziwika ndi sayansi. Malinga ndi katswiri wochokera ku French Museum of Natural History, zofukulidwa zikuwonetsa kuti "munthawi iyi ya Miocene ku Africa kunali anyani ambiri, omwe amalonjeza kuti apezanso." Bokosa lomwe linapezeka m'dera lotchedwa Napak linatchedwa Ugandapithecus chachikulu.

Gorilla "wanzeru" uja adadabwitsa akatswiri akale

Mwana wamkazi wa gorilla, yemwe ali ndi zaka ziwiri ndi theka, akanakhala mowoneka bwino m malo ena osungirako kum'mawa kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo (omwe kale anali Zaire), ngati mwamwayi ogwira ntchito ku pakiyo sanamupeze akuchita ntchito yosangalatsa: nyani atagwera mtedza womwe unayikidwa pamwala wina ndi mwala. kanjedza yamafuta kusangalatsa thupi.

Kwa asayansi omwe akuphunzira za machitidwe a gorilla, izi zasintha padziko lonse lapansi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "hammer ndi anvil" imadziwika kuti ndi njira imodzi yovuta kwambiri yopezera chakudya ndi anyani a anthropoid, ndipo pakati pa gorilla, sizinachitikepopo kale.

"Dossier" wa gorilla wofulumira uja adaphunzira pomwepo, pomwe adadzipatsa dzina loti Itebero (lotchedwa malo omwe lidapezedwa koyamba, chifukwa lidatengedwa kuchokera kwa ozunza).

Zinapezeka kuti nyani osaphunzitsidwa machenjerero aliwonse. Koma mpaka pano mu primatology amakhulupirira kuti ma chimpanzee okha - anthropoids - a banja lonse la ma pongids - anyani a anthropoid - okhoza kudziwa maluso ake.

Ndipo pazomwezi safunikira ngakhale miyezi, koma zaka za magawo azokopera zochita za anthu ndikulumikizana kosalekeza ndi wophunzitsa.

Itebero, m'nkhalango zotentha za East Congo, palibe amene waphunzitsa izi.

Zotsatira, adatero primatologist ku Max Planck Institute ku Leipzig, Gottfried Homann, kuti ma gorilla ndi anzeru kuposa momwe amaganizira kale.

Malipoti a gorilla “wanzeru” wapangitsa chidwi cha asayansi omwe akuphunzira nyama izi m'dziko loyandikana nalo, Republic of Congo.

Dokotala wakale waku America, Thomas Breyer, yemwe wakhala akuwonetsetsa ku Nuabale Ndoki National Park kwa zaka zopitilira khumi, adati nthawi yonseyi anali atangoyang'ana kawiri momwe "ma wodi" ake amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera mavuto omwe adabuka.

Kamodzi gorilla adagwiritsa ntchito chipika ngati mlatho woyandama kuwoloka mtsinje. Nthawi ina, pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo, ndinayesetsa kudziwa kuya kwa dziwe.

A gorillas amakhala ku Africa kunkhalango zamtchire. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu, achikulire amakhala ndi moyo wokhala pamtunda, amakwera mitengo yazipatso, masamba, kapena kugona.

Yaimuna imalemera kuchokera ku 140 mpaka 250 kg, yaikazi imakhala theka. Kukula kuchokera ku 160 cm mpaka 180 cm, pali anthu payekha komanso kutalika, mpaka mamita awiri.

Amakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, mutu waukulu. Zolocha ndizitali kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Maso amatuluka, mphuno ndi yotakata komanso yopanda phokoso, ndi mphuno zazikulu. Makutu ndi ang'ono ndikuwakankhira kumutu.

Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Nthawi zambiri amasunthira miyendo yonse inayi, kutsamira zala zokulungika, koma amatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuyenda pa iwo popanda zovuta zambiri.

Mdani wawo wamkulu ndi munthu. Timapha mwankhanza nyama zamtchire, kudula nkhalango, ndikuchepetsa malo okhala nyama. Kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi ndi kochepa ndipo kukufunika chitetezo.

Amakhala m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono a anthu 5 kapena 25: mtsogoleri, amuna awiri ndi akazi angapo okhala ndi ana amuna. Mtsogoleriyo amavala siliva kumsana kwake, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhwima kwamphongo. Ndewu komanso ndewu m'mabanja mwawo ndizosowa. Mwachidziwikire, zonse zimakhala chete komanso zodekha, mtsogoleri amangoyang'ana kwambiri "ochita zoipa", ndipo mikangano yathetsedwa.

Nyama zimadzuka m'mawa, kutuluka ndikutambasuka, kenako kupita mtsogoleri wawo kukafunafuna chakudya. Amadya zakudya zam'mera, muyenera kudya zokoma kwambiri, popeza mwakhala maola angapo pankhani yofunikayi.

Amadya masamba, zitsamba, mitengo yamasamba, komanso zipatso ndi mtedza. Kenako ikakwana nthawi yopuma, mutha kugona, kapena kugona pansi, kumangolana.

Ana amakonza masewera, tsiku lina, chikondwerero, amayi amapenda ubweya wawo, ngati kuli kotheka, kunyambita ang'onoang'ono.

Ngati banja silinadye mokwanira, mutha kudya musanakagone. Kenako mtsogoleriyo, mwachitsanzo chake, amalimbikitsa gulu kuti likonzekere kugona tulo. Amamanga chisa pansi panthambi ndi udzu, zazikazi zokhala ndi ana zimagona usiku wonse panthambi za mitengo zobiriwira bwino.

Mtsogoleriyo ali ndi udindo waukulu kwa abale ake. Amawateteza, amafunafuna malo odyetserako chakudya ndi malo ogona, amawunikira momwe gululo limayendera.

Akakumana ndi banja lina la anyani, kapena anthu, wamwamuna amamwetulira ndikumenya, akudzigwetsa pachifuwa ndi nkhonya, akuwoneka wowopsa kwambiri.

Kenako amathamangira ngati wamisala, akusesa chilichonse m'njira yake. Koma sizimakhala ndewu zazikulu, monga lamulo, phokoso lonse limangokhala kulumwa kwa mtsogoleri.

Yaikazi imabereka kamodzi pachaka zinayi. Mimba imatenga miyezi 8.5. Mmodzi amabadwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ana awiri. Kulemera kwa khanda lobadwa pafupi pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri, ndi mayi ake kumakhalabe mpaka mwana wobadwa watsopano.