Phukusi lachifumu, dzina lasayansi ndi Panaque nigrolineatus, ndi am'banja la a Loricariidae (Chain kapena Loricaria catfish). Chinsomba chachikulu chosadzinyenga komanso chokongola komanso chovuta. Ngati mungaganizire mawonekedwe onse, ndiye kuti zomwe zili sizingayambitse mavuto anu ngakhale kwa oyambira oyambira m'madzi.
Kufotokozera
Akuluakulu amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 43. M'chaka choyamba ndi theka, iwo amakula mwachangu, mpaka masentimita 20 kapena kupitirira. Kenako kukula kumachepetsa ndipo adzapeza zochuluka zomwe zingakwanitse zaka 7 mpaka 10 zokha.
Ndizilombo zogwirizana kwambiri ndi Plekostomus, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana nawo. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi mafupa am'mafupa, cholimba ndi cholimba ndi ma spikes ambiri. Malingaliro oyamba a zipsepili ndi maphokoso akuthwa. Matupi amtunduwu amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni ndi kirimu wopepuka kapena mikwingwirima yoyera. Maso ndi ofiira.
Pakamwa pake ndi kapu yonyowa yomwe nsomba imakokoloka ndi michereyo pansi pa nkhono, zipatso, masamba ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mbewu.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Amawerengedwa ngati mtundu wopatsa chidwi. Amalandila zopatsa zotchuka zomwe zimatentha (ma flakes, granules). Nthawi zambiri amadya chakudya chotsalira kuchokera kwa anthu ena okhala m'madzimo. Chofunikira m'zakudya ndizowonjezera mankhwala azitsamba. Izi zitha kukhala zakudya zapadera kapena letesi, sipinachi, zukini ndi masamba ena obiriwira. Musanatumikire, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwasambitsa ndi madzi otentha kapena musanawume kuti zipange ulusi wazomera.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi am'madzi amodzi mwa akuluakulu amodzi kumayambira 200 malita. Mu kapangidwe kake, ndikofunikira kupereka malo pobisalira pazinthu zachilengedwe kapena zopanga zokongoletsera. Nyumba iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, phanga, grotto, iyenera kupitilira komanso yayikulu kwambiri. Vuto lodziwika bwino ndi mphaka.
Amakonda kuwononga nyama zamoyo. Mitundu yoyandama kapena mitundu yomwe ikukula mwachangu ndi mizu yolimba imalimbikitsidwa.
Royal panaki ndi odzichepetsa komanso olimba, atha kusintha machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Njira zomwe mungakhalire mu kutentha ndi mitundu yambiri ya ma hydrochemical zizindikiro.
Kukonza kwa Aquarium kuli muyezo ndipo kumaphatikizapo kusinthidwa kwa sabata kwa gawo lamadzi ndi madzi abwino, kuchotsedwa kwa zinyalala zopezeka ndi kukonza zida.
Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana
Mwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu akulu a anthu ambiri kapenanso mazana a anthu. Komabe, ndi nsomba imodzi yokha yomwe ikuyenera kugula mu malo okhala. Phukusi lachifumu ndi mtundu wamtunda, limadana ndi nsomba zamtundu uliwonse, kuphatikizapo abale. Khalidwe limasinthidwa pokhapokha kukasungidwa ndi gulu lalikulu.
Oyimira mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi kapena kumtunda adzakhala otetezeka. Ngakhale ma tetras ang'onoang'ono amakhalabe popanda chidwi ndi nsomba iyi. Chifukwa cha zida zawo zankhondo, amatha kuyanjana ndi ena omwe amadana ndi kukula kwakukulu.
Matenda a nsomba
M'malo abwino komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ndiwotsika kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a zisonyezo za matenda, monga lamulo, amagwira ntchito ngati chisonyezo cha zovuta pazomwe zili, kotero mawonekedwe ndi madziwo amayenera kuyang'aniridwa koyamba. Kuti mumve zambiri pazizindikiro ndi chithandizo, onani gawo la Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Kanema wa Panak
Ponseponse, mtundu wa Panaque pano ukuphatikiza mitundu 14 ya nsomba zam'madzi, zomwe kukula kwake kumakhala 28 mpaka 60. nsomba izi ndizofala kumpoto kwa South America: Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Amazon, Orinoco, Santiago, Pastaz, Ukayali, Monon, Napo, Maranon, Apure, Oyapok, Sacramento, Caroni, Yapuro ndi Magdalena. Dzinalo "panak" mchilankhulo cha anthu wamba ku Venezuela limatanthawuza "nsomba". Panaki amakhala m'mitsinje yopanda komanso yokhala ndi mayendedwe othamanga komanso osayenda pang'onopang'ono, amatha kupezeka m'matope, opanda madzi komanso akuda, pamiyala yamiyala, yamiyala, yamtali ndi dongo, m'mizere yambiri kapena, popanda, popanda iyo. Koma pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimagwirizanitsa mitundu yonseyi - kukhalapo kwa mitengo yambiri yamadzi. M'mitsinje yaku South America, pali malo omwe zinyalala zochokera kumtengo wamtali zimatalikirana kwamakilomita ambiri - ndipo ndizomwe zimakhazikika pamtengo wamitengo womwe udawotchedwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndiye maziko azakudya zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, panaki imadya algae, duckweed ndi mbewu zina.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi Panakov ndi mawonekedwe enieni a mano - maziko awo ndi ochepera kuposa m'mphepete. Ndiye kuti, pali kuwonjezeka kofulumira kuchokera kumkamwa mpaka m'mphepete mwa dzino, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "mawonekedwe-supuni" (okhala ndi mawonekedwe a supuni). Lachiwiri komanso mwina lodziwika bwino pamasamba ndi mawonekedwe a chigaza, kukumbukira galimoto yoyamba sitima yothamanga, komanso kuchuluka kwa mutu mpaka thupi (mutu umakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a utali wonse wa nsomba). Palibenso chikhalidwe chocheperako ndi masharubu a phukusi. Popeza amadya kwambiri pamatanda, safunikira kuwunikira komanso kusanthula. Pamenepa, masharubu owoneka bwino, koma osakhazikika kwambiri amapezeka pafupi ndi mphuno, pomwe masharubu akuluakulu samakwaniritsa udindo wa owunika, koma amatumizanso kuzindikira mtundu wa catfish momwe imakhalira (imatha kukwawa kwinakwake kapena ayi). Chinanso chomwe chimawoneka pamphepete ndi miyeso ya ma dorsal fin - pamakhala mitundu 8 ya malalawo, ndipo amadziwikiratu kufupi ndi m'mphepete.
Thupi lonse la nsomba zamtunduwu (kupatula pamimba) limakutidwa ndi zolimba zolimba khungu zomwe zimapanga china chake ngati zida zosavomerezeka. Izi zimawateteza kwa adani, koma zimawapangitsa kukhala osachita zambiri komanso odekha. Panaki - osambira ovuta omwe sangathe kuyenda pakanthawi pano. Komabe, apa adapeza njira yoyambira: kuti asatengeke ndi funde, nsomba zimadziphatika kumiyala kapena mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yomwe imatuluka m'madzi mothandizidwa ndi makapu amphamvu oyamwa mkati mwa kamwa. Potsegula pakamwa pawo, phukusi limamatirira kumtengowo kapena nthambi ya mtengo wosaloledwayo ndikumauma nkhuni zosavuta ndi mano awo. Mabakiteriya omwe amakhala m'mimba mwawo amawathandiza kugaya zakudya zolimba.
Mtundu wa mapanidwe amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana komanso owoneka bwino. Mitundu yawo yamtundu imakhala yosiyana ndi ya bulauni mpaka yakuda yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopendekera kuchokera kutalika mpaka kuyera. Achinyamata okhala ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu.
Mukamasunga nsomba zam'madzi mu malo am'madzi, munthu asayiwale kuti amafunikira nkhuni. Mizu ya mitengo yazipatso (ma plums, mitengo ya ma apulo, phulusa la mapiri, ndi zina) ndioyenera izi. Kuchokera pamaphukusi akuluakulu pamakhala dothi lambiri ngati "zokutira" zophwanyika, motero zimayenera kuchotsedwa pakapita masiku atatu alionse. Kuti nsomba sizimakhala ndi njala yosalekeza, chakudya chiyenera kupezeka kawiri kawiri m'madzimo. Masamba azikuthandizani ndi izi - nkhaka, zukini, dzungu, mbatata zosaphika. Mwa njira, kwa anthu akuluakulu, sikofunikira kuti mupange masamba azidutswa pansi. Nsomba zimatha kupeza chakudya kuchokera pansi ndikuzigwetsa pansi ndi zanzeru zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba ikhoza kukankhira kuzungulira nkhaka kapena zukini ndi m'mimba mwake ndikuyang'anitsa ndi galasiyo ndikumayenda pang'onopang'ono pansi, pomwe imadyako.
Mapulogalamu achichepere amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe abata, koma ndi zaka amakula. Mitundu yaying'ono yokhala ndi malo okhala ambiri imakhala bwino ndi anthu amtundu wawo; tetra ndi catfish ang'onoang'ono a mabanja ena amatha kukhala anansi anzawo. Anthu oyandikana nawo amayenera kusankhidwa mosamala - nsomba zantchito komanso zankhanza zimatha kudya zipsepse zake zazitali.
Mawonekedwe
Ma aquarium ayenera kugulidwa pamlingo wa malita 200 pamutu. Royal Panak ndi nsomba yosasangalatsa ndipo imasinthasintha m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe ka aquarium ndi muyezo. Kupezeka kwa malo achitetezo ambiri momwe mulu wamiyala, grotto, miphika yadongo - chofunikira pakupangidwira kwa aquarium wokhala ndi phukusi lachifumu. Komanso, kukhalapo kwa driftwood ndi nkhuni zofewa (mwachitsanzo, apulo, maula, phulusa laphiri) monga gwero lazakudya zowonjezereka ndikofunikira kuti tipewe mavuto m'matumbo. Kapoloyu amakonda kukwera m'makola, m'mphepete pakati pa miyala, motero nkofunikira kupanga pobisalira ndi zokumbira zazing'ono kuti nsombayo ituluke mokha. Kupanda kutero, phukusi losagwirizana limatha kufa nthawi. Kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse, komanso kusefedwa ndi kuthandizira.
Momwe mungadyetsere mapasa
Sizofunikira kugula chakudya chapadera cha Panak, titha kunena kuti ndizosangalatsa. Zabwino kwambiri, amatenga chakudya cha nsomba zina, ndikusankhanso kuchokera ku nsomba zina. Monga onse oyamwa ndi nsomba zamkati, amatsuka magalasi ndi zokongoletsera za pansi pano, koma sitinganene kuti amazichita mosamala. Kuphatikiza pa izi, ndikofunikira kupereka panakas masamba ena, monga letesi yoyera, nettle, kapena nkhaka yatsopano (mwachindunji kudula mozungulira) kapena zukini. Ngati chakudyacho chilipo, gulani chakudya kuchokera ku spirulina, kapena spirulina - chovomerezeka.
Anthu oyandikana nawo
Yogwirizana ndi nsomba zazikulu zamtendere zomwe zimakonda kusambira pakati komanso pamwamba pamadzi. Ndikotheka kuti muzisunga ma cichlids, chifukwa sizovuta kukhumudwitsa catfish iyi. Ndipo popeza panak imasinthasintha pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zili ndi ma discs, omwe, monga mukudziwa, mumakhala pamtunda wamadzi a 30-33 ° C, umaloledwa.
Mikhalidwe ya Panaka
Kukula kwa phukusi lalitali la mizere yayitali kumatha kukhala 25-30 cm, masentimita onse 40 amatha kupezeka, koma osowa. Mutha kuyikhazikitsa ndi nsomba iliyonse, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kukhumudwitsa panaka - thupi la catfish lophimbidwa ndi mafupa olimba. Ndipo yamphongo yachikulire pazipsepse za patchire imakhalanso ndi nthenga. Thupi la amuna ndi locheperako kuposa zachikazi komanso utoto wowala.
Kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe zili ndi nsomba zazikulu ngati izi kuyenera kukhala osachepera ma malita 150, ngati ndiwambiri nsomba, ndiye zochulukirapo (zokulirapo, bwino kwa nsomba ndikusavuta kuzisamalira). Kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala pafupifupi 24-30 ℃, kuuma kufika pa 16 °, pH ndi pafupifupi 7. Monga momwe zowonekera zikusonyezera, panaki imatha kukhala pamtunda wotentha, mwachitsanzo, ndi discus (ndipo iyi ndi 30-33 ° C). Zosefera zoyenera, kuthandizira komanso kusintha sabata iliyonse kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a madzi am'madzi.
Pansi pazabwino, phukusi lamiyendo yakuda limatha kukhala zaka 10.