EAGLE (lat. Akuila), gulu la nyenyezi lomwe lili ndi nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi zowala Altair.

Zikuwoneka bwanji:

EAGLE (lat. Akuila), gulu la nyenyezi lomwe lili ndi nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi zowala Altair.

Zokhudza buku la Encyclopedic

Great Encyclopedic Dictionary Ndi buku laulere pa intaneti laulere lokhala ndi kufufuza kwathunthu ndi ma morphology othandizira mawu achi Russia.

Encyclopedic Dictionary ndi ntchito yopanda phindu yomwe imakhala ikutuluka. Udindo wofunikira pakukula kwa ntchitoyi umaseweredwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito athu olemekezeka, omwe amathandizira kuzindikira zolakwika, ndikugawana ndemanga ndi malingaliro awo. Mutha kuthandizanso polojekitiyo posiya kusiya ndemanga kapena kutumiza ulalo wa dikishonale pa webusayiti yanu kapena blog.

Maulalo kwa Buku lotanthauzira mawu Chololedwa popanda zoletsa zilizonse.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa thupi: 60-72 masentimita. Wingspan: 159-183 masentimita. Kulemera kwa amuna 1.6-2.0 makilogalamu, zazikazi 1.6-2.5 kg.

Pali ma morphs angapo, kuphatikizapo zovala zapazaka, subspecies, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maso achikasu mpaka bulawuni, wopaka chikasu. Mapikowo ndi otakata, mchirawo ndi waufupi.

Masanjidwe A. r. belisarius zokulirapo kuposa A. r. rapax, ali ndi ofiira pang'ono, ndipo kuwala kwa morph kumakhala kwamdima. Masanjidwe A. r. vindhiana Wamng'ono kwambiri pa zitatu ndi wamtundu wakuda kwambiri.

Kufalitsa

Ma Savannah ndi steppes, kuyambira 0 mpaka 3000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja. Pewani zipululu ndi nkhalango.

Pali mitundu itatu yachilengedwe. Imodzi ili ku Asia (kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Iran, Pakistan, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India, kumwera kwa Nepal komanso kumadzulo kwa Myanmar). Chachiwiri ku West Africa (Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia ndi gawo lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Arabian Peninsula). Chachitatu ku Namibia ndi Botswana, kumpoto kwa South Africa, Lesotho ndi Swaziland.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Amadyetsa zinyama, mbalame, repitili, tizilombo, amphibians, nsomba ndi carrion, nthawi zambiri zolemera kuyambira 126 g mpaka 2.0 kg. Zakudya zambiri zimapezeka pansi, koma nthawi zina mbalame zimagwidwa mpaka kukula kwa flamesos amathawa. Kusaka nsomba kumachitika ndikumizidwa pang'ono m'madzi m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri zimaba ndikuyamba kulanda mbalame zina.

Kuswana

Nyengo yakuberekera imatha kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka Ogasiti kumpoto komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Juni ku West Africa, chaka chonse ku Kenya, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Januware pakati komanso kumwera kwa Africa, komanso kuyambira Novembala mpaka Ogasiti ku Asia. Maanja ndi amodzi.

Chisa chimamangidwa kuchokera ku timitengo, nthawi zina ndi kuwonjezera kwa mafupa a nyama. Chisa, monga lamulo, ndi 1.0-1.3 m kudutsa ndikuzama masentimita 30. Liter: udzu, masamba, ubweya. Ili pamtunda wamtunda mpaka 30 m, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 6-15 m, kumtunda kwa mtengo wokhawokha.

Mazira 1-2. Makulitsidwe kwa masiku 39-45. Zachikazi zimagona makamaka, ngakhale zazimayi nthawi zina zimathandiza. Nthawi zambiri, kamwana kamodzi kokha kamatsala. Nkhupakupa zimatenga mapiko zikafika zaka 76-75. Nkhupakupa zimatha kutha msinkhu wazaka 3-4.

Mfundo zofananira

Mbiri yakale yamabizinesi ya Byzantine monga momwe iliri masiku ano imakhudza kanthawi kochepa ka kukhalapo kwa Ufumu wa Byzantine, popeza nthawi yomwe iye anatsogolera zamakedzana m'zaka za m'ma XII. Pazochitika za boma, zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo zina zimagwilitsidwa ntchito (Greek σημ becία), zimatha kufanizidwanso ndi zishango ndi zikwangwani. Mwa izi, mwachitsanzo, mtanda ndi labaramu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimadziwika kuti zisindikizo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zithunzi za mtanda, Khristu, Namwali, oyera mtima, koma awa anali.

Marcomannians (lat. Marcoman (n) i, ​​Chijeremani. "Anthu okhala m'malire") - fuko lakale la Chijeremani, lofanana ndi Sveva.

Mawonekedwe

Oimira mtunduwo amadziwika ndi thupi lalikulu lokhala ndi minyewa yokwanira bwino komanso miyendo yayitali, yolimba, yokhala ndi zala zakumaso. Mutu wa chiwombankhanga ndi chaching'ono, chokhala ndi khosi lolimba komanso lamphamvu. Makatani amaso akulu amadziwika ndi kusuntha pang'ono, koma dera lokhazikika bwino silimalipiridwa ndi kulakwitsa pang'ono.

Chimodzi mwazosiyana pakati pa chiwombankhanga ndi kukula kwa chidwi cha zibwano, komanso mulomo wolimba kwambiri wokhala ndi matondo opindika, omwe umapatsa mbalame yamtunduwu mopanda chidwi. Kugundika ndi mlomo wa chiwombankhanga kumakula moyo wonse wa nyama yolusa, koma ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya mbalame imathandizira kuti zizipukusa. Onse oimira banja la chiwombankhanga ndi mtundu wa chiwombankhanga ali ndi mapiko aatali komanso otambalala, mapiko apamwamba kwambiri omwe amafikira 250 masentimita, omwe amalola mbalame yakudyayo kuti ikuwuluke kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo okwera kupitirira 600-700 metres.

Ndizosangalatsa! Chiwombankhanga, ngakhale ndi mafunde amphamvu mokwanira, imatha kuthana ndi mafunde aliwonse amlengalenga, motero imatha kugwada mosavuta pakuwawona ngati ili ndi liwiro la 300-320 km / h.

Mwa zina, chiwombankhanga mwachilengedwe chimakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino, chifukwa cha mbalame zomwe zimadya nyama zimatha kuyang'ana kutalika kwambiri ngakhale nyama yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayimilidwa ndi abuluzi, njoka ndi mbewa, komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba amathandizira mbalamezi kuyang'ana malo otseguka mpaka 12 m 2. Kumva kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwombankhanga chachikulire, makamaka chifukwa cha kulumikizana, ndipo fungo la mbalame silimakula.

Utoto wa chiwonetsero chachikulu cha chiwombankhanga chimasiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe amtundu, chifukwa chake chitha kukhala chokhaza kapena kusiyanitsa komanso kupendekera. Kuuluka kwa chiwombankhanga chamtundu uliwonse kumasiyanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera zowongolera, zomwe zimatsatana ndi kufota kwamphamvu komanso kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.

Mphungu: Kufotokozera

Chiwombankhanga, ngati mbalame yolusa, chimadziwika kwa anthu ambiri padziko lapansi. Malingaliro monga kutchuka, kulemera, kupambana, ndi mphamvu zimalumikizidwa ndi mbalameyi. Ndiye chifukwa chake m'manja mwa mayiko ambiri mutha kuwona mbalame yokongola'yi. Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya chiwombankhanga chomwe chimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina imadzitama kuti kutalika kwa thupi lawo ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi. Monga lamulo, zazikazi ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zazimuna. Kulemera kwa akuluakulu kumachokera ku kilogalamu 3 mpaka 7. Mitundu ya chiwombankhanga monga chiwombankhanga cha chiwombankhanga ndi chiwombankhanga chokulirapo chimadziwikiridwa ngati oyimira aang'ono kwambiri pabanjali.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame zoopsa zomwe zimatha kudzisankhira bwenzi lokhala ndi moyo umodzi, chifukwa chake, oimira oterewa a Hawks am'banja ndi mtundu wa Eagles nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri. Kuti apeze chakudya, nyama zokhala ndi mbewa zokhala ndi mbewa zimatha kuyendayenda m'mlengalenga kwa maola angapo ndikuyang'anira nyama. Mwambiri, kusaka sikukutenga nthawi yochulukirapo, kotero chiwombankhanga chimakhala gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira iwo. Mwa zina, chakudya chimasungidwa mu tsekwe la chiwombankhanga kwa masiku angapo, chomwe chimachotsa kufunika kwa mbalame yakudya nyama tsiku lililonse.

Zochita ndi moyo

Chiwombankhanga chikuyimira banja la mbalame zoyamwitsa, m'mene zimasankhira awiriawiri moyo wake, chifukwa chake zimakhala awiriawiri. Chodabwitsa kwambiri chosaka mphungu ndikuti zimayenda mozungulira maola angapo m'mlengalenga, kufunafuna nyama yomwe ingagwere pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, chiwombankhanga sichimangodziyang'anira chokha china, komanso kuwunika zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira iwo. Mphungu sizimasaka tsiku ndi tsiku komanso mosalekeza, chifukwa zimatha kusunga chakudya m'matumba awo kwa masiku angapo.

Mitundu ya chiwombankhanga yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wokwanira omwe akatswiri achijeremani adachita pamlingo wa mamolekyulu, zidapezeka kuti ziwombankhanga za Akula ndi makolo a mitundu yonse ya chiwombankhanga.

Poyerekezera ndi chiwombankhanga, kukonzanso kumachitika nthawi yathu ino, kuphimba mitundu yonse ya taxa, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi chisankho chakanthawi chogwirizanitsa onse taxa kulowa m'gulu la "Akuila". Mwachitsanzo:

Eagles Hawk (Aquila Fasciata)

Ziwombankhanga za Hawk, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapiko pafupifupi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 50, ndi mbalame yonse yazinyama pafupifupi masentimita 70. Kulemera kwawo kuli kwinakwake pafupifupi 2 kilogalamu. Mbalamezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wonyezimira kumbuyo, mtundu waimvi, ndi kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe amdima omwe amapezeka paliponse. Dera lam'mimba limakhala ndi zotupa zowoneka bwino, zotsekemera kapena zoyera, zokhala ndi mawotchi otenga nthawi yayitali, komanso mikwingwirima yakuda pamitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza m'chigawo cha miyendo yotsika komanso undertery. Akazi amtunduwu, poyerekeza ndi amuna, ndi okulirapo.

Chiwombankhanga chowala (Aquila renata)

Zomwe kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi awo kumakumbutsira sizikulu zazikulu, pomwe chiwonetsero cha chiwombankhanga chikuwonekera bwino mdulidwe. Kutalika kwa nyama yolusa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50 pafupifupi ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi. Mapiko a anthu akuluakulu amakhala pafupifupi mita 1.2. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi mtundu wofanana. M'mtundu wa nyama zodyerazi, mulomo umakhala wolimba kwambiri, koma waufupi. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wamdima kapena wopepuka, ngakhale zosankha zamtundu wowala ndizochulukirapo.

Ziwombankhanga za ku India (Aquila kieneri)

Zomwe sizili zazikulu kukula, zokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 52 ndi mapiko mkati mwake mita imodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Mchira wamtunduwu wa chiwombankhanga uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kumapeto kwa mchira. Thupi lakumwambalo limakhala ndi utoto wakuda, ndipo chibwano, khosi ndi goiter zimakhala pafupifupi zoyera. Thupi lakumunsi, komanso miyendo, imakhala ndimawonekedwe ofiira, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.

Golden Eagles (Akula chrysaetos)

Omwe amaonedwa ngati oyimira mamembala akulu komanso olimba kwambiri amtundu wokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi amafikira pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi mapiko ofikira mpaka mita 2 ndi theka. Zachikazi zamtunduwu ndizokulirapo kuposa zazimuna ndipo zimatha kulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 7. Chiwombankhanga chagolide chimakhala ndi mlomo wamba wa chiwombankhanga, chopindika pambuyo pake ndi mokweza. Pansi pa mulomo umatha ngati mbedza.

Eagles Mwala (Aquila rapax)

Kukula kutalika mpaka 65 cm pafupifupi. Kuphatikiza apo, iwo salemera makilogalamu awiri ndi theka, ndipo mapiko awo sapitali mita 1.8. Mitundu ina ya chiwombankhanga chamiyala imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maula, kutengera zaka, mawonekedwe amtundu wina, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya maula.

Steppe Eagles (Aquila nipalensis)

Ndi kutalika kwa thupi osapitirira 86 masentimita ndi kulemera kwapakati kwa dongosolo la 3 ndi theka kilogalamu kapena pang'ono. Mapiko a nyama yolusa imeneyi amafika pafupifupi masentimita 225. Anthu akuluakulu amadziwika ndi mtundu wa bulauni wakuda, wokhala ndi malo ofiira kumbuyo kwa mutu, komanso nthenga zoyambirira zojambulidwa zakuda ndi zofiirira. Nthenga zowongolera zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yotuwa yaimvi.

Wedge Tailed Eagles (Akula audax)

Zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizambiri m'njira zawo, popeza zimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi mita imodzi, ndipo mapiko awo ali mkati mwa 2 mita kapena kupitilira apo. Akazi ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi amuna ndipo amatha kulemera ma kilogalamu 5 onse.

Mitundu yazakale zakale ya chiwombankhanga ndi Religioniocene (Aquila kurochkini). Kukula kwake kwapakati kumafanana ndi chiwombankhanga chamakono pamlingo wa morphology.

Malo okhala zachilengedwe

Malo okhala ziwombankhanga ndizochulukirapo, ndipo mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu udadzisankhira madera akeawo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pali gawo limodzi: malo awa amapezeka kutali ndi munthu komanso moyo wake. Mwakutero, chiwombankhanga chimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'malo ammapiri kapena m'malo opanda mapiri.

Ngati mutenga chiwombankhanga chagolide, amakhala m'gawo la dziko lathu, kuyambira ku North Caucasus ndikumathera ndi madera akumwera kwa Primorye. Chifukwa cha chisa chawo, nkhalango zosavomerezeka zimasankhidwa. Chiwombankhanga chagolide wokhala ndi tchire tating'ono, tomwe timatchedwa kuti chiwombankhanga chagolide, timakonda kukhala malo okhala m'nkhalango ku New Guinea. Chiwombankhanga cha steppe chimakhala m'malo a steppe, komanso madera ena achipululu omwe ali pakati pa Transbaikalia ndi gombe la Nyanja Yakuda.

Mphungu za manda zakhala zikupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo opezeka nkhalango ku Ukraine, kumapiri a Kazakhstan, m'nkhalango za Czech Republic, Romania ndi Spain. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yofananira ya chiwombankhanga imakhala ku Iran ndi China, Slovakia ndi Hungary, Germany ndi Greece, komanso mayiko ena aku Europe.

Mayiko ambiri amatulutsa chiwombankhanga chagolide, kenako amazigwiritsa ntchito posaka ngati mbalame zosaka.

Zakudya

Zakudya za chiwombankhanga ndizochulukirapo, ndipo makamaka zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku nyama, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu, ngakhale zambiri zakudya izi ndizochepa kakulidwe, agologolo pansi, mbalame ndi mbalame. Ngati chiwombankhanga chimva njala kwanthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti amatha kudya mosavuta zovunda, zomwe akapeza pamtunda kapena pamadzi.

Zosangalatsa! Pali umboni wotsimikizika woti nyama zodya nyama zodya nyama zambiri zimadyanso nyama zambiri, kuphatikiza nyama zakuda, nkhuku zoweta ndi zakuthengo, malovu otetezeka, nkhunda zobiriwira komanso zapakhomo, mbalame zausodzi komanso agologolo.

Pakasaka bwino, ziwombankhanga zimadya chakudya chawo nthawi yomweyo kapena zimadyetsa anapiye. Mitundu ina ya chiwombankhanga imadyera njoka zapoizoni. Ikatha kudya, chiwombankhanga chimachiwiritsa ndi madzi ambiri ndikuyamba kukonza maula ake.

Adani achilengedwe a chiwombankhanga

Komabe, chiwombankhanga, ngakhale kuti palibe adani achilengedwe, chikuyimira kulumikizidwa kwachilengedwe m'chilengedwe. Monga lamulo, chiwombankhanga nthawi zambiri chimafa pomenya nkhondo ndi nyama zolusa zowopsa, komanso nkhandwe wamba.

Koma siliri vuto lalikulu chotere, poyerekeza ndi kusowa kwa chakudya kwa masiku ambiri. Chifukwa chakuti thupi la chiwombankhanga limafunikira chakudya chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika, zimayenera kusamukira ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame kumadera otentha kapena mayiko.

Mfundo yofunika! Pakakhala chakudya chokwanira cha chiwombankhanga, chifukwa chake anapiye ambiri amakhalamo zisa zawo, ndipo chakudya chikasowa, monga lamulo, chimodzi chokha, koma mwana wamphamvu kwambiri, amakhalabe ndi moyo.

Zotsatira zakuwunika ndi kafukufuku osiyanasiyana zikusonyeza, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chiwombankhanga chikuchepa ndizachuma cha anthu. Anthu akamakula ndi magawo atsopano a malo, izi zimatsogolera kuti chiwombankhanga chimasowa chakudya. Chowonadi ndi chakuti unyolo ambiri wa chakudya umasamukira kumadera ena kapena kusowa konse. Zotsatira zake, mbalame zambiri zimafa ndi njala. Nthawi zambiri, chiwombankhanga chimafa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, pamene akuyesera kumanga zisa zawo pazingwe zamagetsi (pamapolopolo).

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Mbalame zina zodya nyama, zomwe zikuyimira banja la "khungubwe" zimateteza "kuchititsa chidwi chochepa kwambiri." Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Chiwombankhanga.
• Chiwombankhanga cha chiwombankhanga.
• Chiwombankhanga chagolide.
• Chiwombankhanga.
• Chiwombankhanga cha Kaffir.
• Mphungu zasiliva.
• Mchira.
• Mitundu yotsatirayi ya mbalame zodya nyama ilandiridwa "zotetezeka":
• Mphungu zamaliro.
• Manda aku Spain.
• Chiwombankhanga chachikulu.

Chiwombankhanga chopondera chinalandira mtundu wa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, komanso mwayi wokhala pafupi ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo, chimakhala ndi chiwombankhanga cha Moluksky. Mbalame zodya nyama ngati chiwombankhanga kakang'ono komanso malo okuikira m'mayiko ena zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Munthu ndi ziwombankhanga

Chithunzi cha chiwombankhanga chili pamalaya a Russia, ngakhale chiwombankhanga chikuyimira gulu losowa kwambiri la mbalame zodya nyama, chifukwa chake zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Mphungu, monga chizindikiro cha nyonga ndi kupirira, zinali pafupi kutha, ngati mitundu komanso zonse chifukwa cha ntchito zachuma za anthu. Kutsika kosalekeza kwa mitundu ya nyama zomwe zimadyedwa kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kupha nsomba, komanso nyengo zikuipiraipirabe.

Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa Red Book, komanso akatswiri, ndizotheka kuyang'anira ndikuwona mitundu yonse yatsopano ya chiwombankhanga yomwe ili pachiwopsezo.Izi zimakuthandizani kuyankha moyenera pamavuto otere, kusintha zinthu kuti zikhale bwino.

Pomaliza

Chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yapadera, monga momwe tikuwonera pazolemba zambiri. Monga lamulo, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna, ndipo kusiyana ndikofunikira, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti amuna ndi ochepa kuposa akazi. Zonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna zimatha kukwera kilomita 7 mpaka 9. Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti zisa za chiwombankhanga nthawi zonse zimakhala pamalo apamwamba kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu komwe malo omwe adaniwa amakhala. Palinso zochititsa chidwi zina zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ziwombankhanga. Mwachitsanzo, alibe maonekedwe okongola, komanso apadera, (kalulu amatha kuwona ndikuzindikira kuchokera kumtunda wa kilomita 3, komanso mafupa omwe amalemera pang'ono kuposa nthenga. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti mbalame imatha kukwera mtunda wokwanira. Mphamvu ya chiwombankhanga ndiyopadera, popeza imatha kukweza mbawala zam'mwamba kuthambo, osanenapo za omwe abadwa kumene.Mulondola wakumwambayu ali ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri, yomwe chiwombankhanga chimasamalira: ngati nthenga imodzi igwera umodzi mwa mapiko, nthenga yomweyo adzataya ndi kuchokera ku mapiko achiwiri.

Chiwombacho chimatchedwanso mbalame "yachifumu", popeza mbiriyakale imalumikizidwa ndi zaka zapitazo, monga umboni wa nthano za anthu ambiri padziko lapansi. M'masiku akale, mbalameyi inali ndi mkhalidwe wa mbalame yam'mlengalenga, yomwe imabweretsa kupambana, komanso mwayi. Aroma adayimira chiwombankhanga ndi namondwe ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ziwombankhanga zimanyamula mphezi ya Jupiteri. Aiguputo ndi achi China adakhulupiriranso kuti ziwombankhanga ndi mbalame za dzuwa zomwe zimabweretsa kuwala kwam'mawa.

Nthawi iliyonse, olamulira aliwonse amafuna kuti akhale ndi chithunzi cha wolamulira wamphamvu, pafupifupi wolamulira wa dziko. Mwakutero, adatenga fano la chiwombankhanga, lomwe limawoneka ngati likuwabweretsa pafupi ndi zolengedwa zakuthambo. Amavala zovala zomwe zimakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga za chiwombankhanga, komanso ndi ziwonetsero zina za chiwombankhanga. Chifukwa chake, pang'onopang'ono fano la chiwombankhanga lasintha pakupita zaka masauzande kuchokera ku nthano zakale kukhala chipembedzo cha anthu ambiri padziko lapansi. Mbalameyi idafanizira mawonekedwe a nkhope yaumulungu, onse mu Chihindu ndi Chikristu, kuphatikizanso zipembedzo zina.

Kwa munthu aliyense, mawu oti "chiwombankhanga" amatanthauza kulimba mtima, kunyada, kulimba mtima ndi zina zambiri zabwino. Tsoka ilo, munthu ndiye mdani wamkulu wa chiwombankhanga, chifukwa iye amalowerera mu njira yachilengedwe, adakwaniritsidwa. Ngati cholumikizira chimodzi mwanjira iyi chikukhudzidwa, ndiye kuti chilengedwe chonse chikhoza kusokonekera, popeza kuphwanya kwachangu kwa ntchito za maunyolo ena kudzachitika. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa chiwombankhanga, chifukwa anthu amachotsa zilombozi m'malo azachilengedwe. Ngakhale izi, padali malo padziko lapansi komwe chiwombankhanga chimasungidwa mokwanira.

Habitat, malo okhala

Mtunda ndi magawo a chiwombankhanga ndi chachikulu kwambiri, ndipo mtundu wa malo okhala zimadalira mitundu ya mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa. Komabe, ndichizolowezi kuti onse m'banjamo asankhe malo okhala ndi chitukuko cha anthu, chifukwa chake, chiwombankhanga nthawi zambiri zimakonda malo amtunda kapena opanda mapiri.

Mwachitsanzo, chiwombankhanga chagolide chomwe chimakhala m'dziko lathu, kuphatikizapo kumpoto kwa Caucasus komanso kum'mwera kwa Primorye, chisa, monga lamulo, m'malo ovuta kufikako, ndipo abale awo aku Australia - chiwombankhanga chagolide, amakhala omasuka kwambiri m'malo okhala nkhalango ku New Guinea. Chiwombankhanga chopondera chimasankha mapiri ndi madera ena achipululu ngati malo okhala, imakhala madera kuchokera ku Transbaikalia kupita kugombe la Black Sea.

Malo okhala ndi manda a chiwombankhanga adasankhidwa kale ndi madera oteteza nkhalango ku Ukraine, zigawo za Kazakhstan, nkhalango ku Czech Republic, Romania ndi Spain. Komanso mbalame zokopa zotere zimatha kupezeka m'malo ambiri a Iran ndi China, ku Slovakia ndi Hungary, Germany ndi Greece. M'mafuko ambiri agwiritsa ntchito oimira amtunduwu ngati mbalame zosaka zophunzitsidwa mosavuta, ndipo muulamuliro wa olamulira aku Russia, chiwombankhanga chagolide amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera, pambuyo pake adagwiritsidwa ntchito pozunza ankhandwe ndi mimbulu.

Zakudya za mphungu

Kuthamangitsa mbalame yodya nyama kumatha kuimiridwa ndi nyama zazikulupo zokwanira, kuphatikiza nkhandwe, nkhandwe, ndi agwape, koma nthawi zambiri anthu omwe amazunzidwa ndi mbalame zotere ndi agalu ang'onoang'ono ndi agologolo pansi, komanso mbalame zina ndi nsomba. Pakakhala popanda nyama kwa nthawi yayitali, chiwombankhanga chimatha kudya zovunda, pamene kusaka kumachitika ndi nyama zokhala ndi mbewa osati kumtunda kokha, komanso mwachindunji m'madzi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Nyama zambiri, kuphatikiza zakuda zakuda, nkhalango ndi nkhuku zoweta, malo otetemera ndi ma shrub, njiwa zobiriwira komanso zoweta, agwape ndi agologolo, ali m'gulu la nyama yolusa yomwe ili ndi vuto.

Monga nyama, lamulo, limadyedwa ndi mbalame nthawi yomweyo kapena kudyetsa anapiye. Mwa zina, mitundu ina ya chiwombankhanga imawononga njoka zapoizoni kwambiri. Pambuyo pakuyamwa chakudya, chiwombankhanga chimadya madzi okwanira, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali amayesa kuyeretsa mosamala masamba ake.

Adani achilengedwe

Ngakhale zili ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe komanso mphamvu, chiwombankhanga masiku ano ndi mbali yolumikizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe zachilengedwe. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mbalame zolusa komanso zazikulu izi sizikhala ndi adani ochepa, koma mbalame zazikulu zimatha kufa chifukwa cha nkhondo yosayenerana ndi wolimbana mlengalenga kapena nkhandwe wamba.

Masiku ambiri a njala ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa chiwombankhanga, chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwakokhazikika komanso kosasunthika kwa thupi kuti apange nyama yayikulu kumapangitsa kuti mbalame zoterezi kuchokera kumapeto kotentha zimasamuke kupita kumayiko akumwera, kutsatira mitundu ina ya mbalame zosamukira.

Zofunika! Mu zaka zokhala ndi nyama yokwanira, anapiye ambiri amakhalamo mu chisa, koma monga lamulo, kamwana kamodzi kamatsalira ndikalibe chakudya.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku komanso kafukufuku wa asayansi ambiri, kulima kwazinthu zatsopano zamayiko osadziwika bwino komanso kutha kwa nyama zakutchire pa iwo kumayambitsa kusowa kwa chakudya cha chizolowezi, chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha mbalame zakufa chifukwa cha njala. Mwa zina, ziwombankhanga, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri, zimafa kawirikawiri polumikizana ndi zingwe zamagetsi, zomwe zimayesedwa ndi kuyesayesa kwa anzambo okhala ndi mbewa kuti apange zisa pamtengo wamba wamagetsi.

Mphungu ndi mamuna

Chiwombankhanga ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za Russia, ndipo chithunzi chake chikhoza kuwoneka m'manja mwathu. Komabe, modandaula kwambiri za akatswiri opanga ma ornithologists, chiwombankhanga ndi m'gulu la mitundu yosowa kwambiri yazinyama zokhala ndi mbewa zomwe zalembedwa patsamba la Red Book.

Mbalame zodzikuza zodya nyama zatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa cha zochuluka za zochita za anthu, ndipo kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu sikunachitike kokha chifukwa cha kupha anthu komanso zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyananso, komanso chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha malo okhala mphungu zomwe zikuipiraipira chaka chilichonse. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi Bukhu Lofiira lomwe limathandizira kuzindikira nthawi ndi kuwongolera mitundu ya chiwombankhanga chomwe chili pachiwopsezo kapena chotsirizika, zomwe zimalola kusintha zinthu ndi anthu kuti zikhale bwino.