Beavers ndi amodzi mwa nyama zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Russia ikhoza kunyadira kuti zolengedwa zosangalatsa izi zimakhala pano. Mano awo awola. Amamanga nyumba zam'madzi ndi madamu kuchokera kumitengo yobowola. Ndipo pamapeto pake, ali ndi mchira wodabwitsa! Titha kunena kuti moyo wamalonda ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zosangalatsa kudziwa.
Ndizosangalatsa: Liwu loti beaver likuwoneka kwa ife kukhala lodziwika bwino kuposa kukongoletsa. M'malo mwake, izi sizinthu zofananira. Malingana ndi malamulo a chilankhulo cha ku Russia, beaver ndi dzina la nyamayo, ndipo beaver ndi dzina la ubweya wa nyama iyi.
Mitundu iwiri
Beaver ndi zinyama, nthumwi ya makonzedwe apamwamba, komanso imodzi yayikulupo. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa beaver ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu 30, munthu aliyense payekha amatha kufikira ma kilogalamu 50. Kulemera, imafanana ndi mwana wazaka zasukulu zasekondale. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafikira mita imodzi, mainchesi 20-45 ndi mchira.
Ndizosangalatsa: Malinga ndi zolemba za m'zaka za zana la 18 komanso m'mbuyomu, asayansi aku Europe adaganiza zodzikongoletsera m'malo mwa oyimira gulu la nsomba. Pokomera malingaliro oterowo, mchira wansalu komanso moyo wam'madzi. Lingaliro lolakwika ili linali lopindulitsa kwambiri kwa amonke ochenjera a Tchalitchi cha Katolika: nsomba zimaloledwa masiku ena osala.
Masiku ano, pali mitundu iwiri ya zinyama padziko lapansi: wamba, kapena mtsinje, wokhala ku Europe ndi Asia, ndi beaver waku Canada, wokhala ku North America. Cholinga choti muwaganizire mitundu yosiyanasiyana, osati subspecies - kusiyana kwa majini mu kuchuluka kwa ma chromosomes. "Anthu a ku Europe" komanso "aku Canada" sangaberekane.
Ndizosangalatsa: Kulemekeza omwe amamwa beaver omwe amatchedwa mzinda wa Bobruisk ku Belarus. Ndikudziwika kuti okhala m'mizindayo ankadula nkhalango komanso kuwedza nsomba. Nyamazo zimagwidwa mumzindawu ndi zamkuwa ziwiri.
Ndipo ine ndine wokongola, wabwino ...
Beaver imatsogolera moyo wamadzi wam'madzi, ndipo izi zimatengera mawonekedwe ake mawonekedwe ake komanso thupi lonse. Mwachitsanzo, mchira, lathyathyathya, lakuda, lopanda kanthu - limakhala ngati wowongolera posambira. Ziwalo pakati pa zala zisanu zopindika, mmalo mwa eyel, ndiz khungu lodziwikiratu lomwe limapangitsa kuti lizitha kuwona m'madzi. Kutseguka kwa makutu ndi mphuno kumakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Pakamwa yotsekeka kwambiri imathandizanso kuti chilombochi chizikola chakudya, ngakhale chikusambira.
Beaver imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri pansi pa khungu, mapapu amphamvu, chiwindi chachikulu. Khungu ndilakhungu, ndi ubweya wolimba.
Ndizosangalatsa: Chala chachiwiri chakumaso kwa beaver chili ndi foloko. Imagwira ntchito pophatikiza ubweya.
Beavers samayikidwa kokha chifukwa cha ubweya, komanso kuti atenge mtsinje wa beaver. Izi ndi ziweto zomwe nyama zimayang'anira madera awo. Amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zapadera zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi anus. M'masiku akale, chinthuchi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, tsopano chimayamikiridwa kwambiri ngati zopangira pazinthu zonunkhira.
Izi ndizosangalatsa: M'mbuyomu, nyama zidaphedwa kuti zitheke. Tsopano aphunzira kutulutsa madzi ofunikira kuchokera kuma beaver amoyo m'mafamu a ubweya.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa Canada ndi Common Beavers
Kunja, nthumwi zonse ziwiri zamtunduwu ndizofanana kwambiri, koma ma beaver a ku Europe ndi omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi zazikulu. Amakhala ndi mutu wocheperako komanso wokulirapo, pomwe malezala ake ndi ofupikirako. Chowala wamba sichikhala ndi undercoat, ndipo mchira wake ndi wocheperako. Kuphatikiza apo, a Euroasi ali ndi miyendo ifupi, ndiye, samayenda bwino miyendo yake yakumbuyo.
Mafupa amphuno a beaver wamba ndiwotalikirapo, mphuno yake imapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, ndipo makomo amphuno aku Canada ndi atatu. Beaver yaku Europe imakhala ndi tiziwalo tambiri tambiri. Palinso mitundu ina ya ubweya.
Canada Beaver (Castor canadensis).
Pafupifupi 70% ya okongoletsa ku Europe amakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira kapena wa bulauni, 20% amakhala ndi ubweya wa mimbulu, 8% amakhala ndi ubweya wakuda, ndipo 4% amakhala ndi wakuda. Mu 50% ya ma beaver aku Canada, khungu limakhala ndi timtundu wonyezimira, 25% imakhala ya bulawuni, ndipo 5% imakhala yakuda.
Kuphatikiza pa kusiyana kwakunja, oimira awiriwa ali ndi kusiyana pa kuchuluka kwa ma chromosomes. Ma Beauan aku Canada ali ndi ma chromosome 40, ndipo ma beawa wamba ali ndi 48. Chiwerengero chamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chromosome chapangitsa kudutsa kosayimira kwa oyimilira m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Beavers - eni wandiweyani amtengo ubweya.
Pambuyo poyesera mobwerezabwereza kudutsa chachikazi cha ku Yuropiya ndi wamwamuna waku America, zazimayi sizinatenge pathupi, kapena kubereka ana akufa. Mwambiri, kubereka kopindulitsa ndikosatheka. Pakati pa anthu onse siongolepheretsa ma kilomita masauzande ambiri, komanso kusiyana kwa ma DNA.
Zingwe za zokongoletsera komanso mawonekedwe ake
Zodzikongoletsa zazimayi ndizazikulu kuposa zazimuna, kuphatikiza apo, zazimayi zimalamulira. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa ma beaver aku Canada ndi 15-35 kilogalamu, nthawi zambiri iwo amalemera 20 kilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa thupi la mita 1. Ma bea aku Canada amakula moyo wawo wonse, kotero okalamba amatha kulemera mpaka kilogalamu 45.
Ma beavers a ku Europe, pafupifupi, amalemera ma kilogalamu 30-32, kutalika kwa thupi ndi 1-1.3 mita, ndi kutalika kwamasentimita 35.
Mano a nyamayo amamuthandiza kudula mitengo kuti idutse.
Omwe aku Canada amakhala ndi thupi la squat. Pa miyendo yawo ali ndi zala 5 zokhala ndi zala. Pakati pazala pali nembanemba. Mchirawo ndi wofanana mu thupi, mulifupi ndi masentimita 10-12, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 30. Mchirawo amaphimbidwa ndi mbale za nyanga kuchokera kumtunda, ndipo tsitsi limakula pakati pawo. Kuchokera mkatikati mwa chingwe chomwe chimatambalala chingwe chowoneka ngati chitseko.
Nyama imakhala ndi maso ang'ono ndi makutu amfupi. Ma bea aku Canada amakhala ndi mkanda wowoneka bwino, wogwira ntchito ndi tsitsi lakunja. Ubweya wokongola umakhala wamtengo wapatali pamalonda.
Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Pabwino komanso Thanzi
Nyama ndi zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ndi maluwa a m'madzi ndi matope. Beea amadya makungwa kuchokera ku alder, popula, mapulo, aspen, mitengo ya birch, komabe, amakonda masamba ang'onoang'ono.
Poyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti zokongoletsa zimavulaza chilengedwe, koma lingaliro ndilolakwika. Chifukwa cha ma beaver, madambo achinyontho akuwoneka, omwe ndiofunikira kwambiri ku zachilengedwe. Nyama izi zimadula mitengo, koma osati kwina kulikonse, koma pokhapokha mtengo ukakokedwa kumadzi. Mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya Beaver imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga madamu, ndipo imatafuna nthambi, makungwa, ndi masamba.
Zakudya zonse zakumwa ndi zitsamba.
Pomanga madamu, owaza nkhuni amapanga madamu momwe tiziromboti timakhazikika, zotsatira zake mbalame zimawulukira kumadamu, zomwe zimabweretsa mazira a nsomba m'miyendo ndi nthenga zawo. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zimayamwa m'madamu.
Kutulutsa kwamadzi kudutsa m'madamu kumatsukidwa ndi matope ndi kuyimitsidwa kwakukulu. Zomera zina zimangofera m'madamu, ndipo nkhuni zambiri zimapangidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale nyama ndi nyama zina.
Zotsalira za mitengo yakugwa zimapita kukadyetsa anthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo. Ndiye kuti, ntchito yomanga ma beaever ndiyopindulitsa mwachilengedwe. Koma madamu oterewa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto kwa munthu: madamu akusefukira ndi madzi osefukira, kutsuka njanji ndi misewu yayikulu.
Beavers amakhala m'makumba omwe amakumba m'matanthwe. Mabowo awa ndi akulu, ndi labyrinth yeniyeni yolowamo zingapo. Beavers imapangitsa pansi kukhala m'mizere kumtunda kuposa madzi, ngati dziwe likhala litataya, ndiye kuti mbowo imangoyala pansi kuchokera pansi ndipo potero imakweza pansi.
Chifukwa chake, popanda nkhwangwa ndi macheka, odulira mitengo amadula mitengo yomangira madamu.
Beaers amangomanga mabowo okha, komanso nyumba ". Amapanga nthambi kukhala zosaya, kenako nkuziphimba ndi dongo komanso silika. Mkati, malo aufulu amatuluka pamwamba pamadzi. Beaers amalowa munyumba kuchokera pansi pa madzi. Nyumba za Beaver zimafika kutalika kwa 3 metres, ndipo mainchesi awo ndi pafupifupi 10 metres. Nyumba zotere zili ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri womwe umateteza eni ake kwa adani.
Beaever amamanga nyumba zawo ndi kutsogolo. Pofika nthawi yozizira, nyumba amazikongoletsa ndi dongo komanso dothi, kuti nthawi zonse izikhala yotentha kuposa zero, ngakhale kuzizira kunja. Madzi pakhomo la dzenje samazizira. Ndodo izi zimakonda ukhondo, palibe chimbudzi kapena zotayidwa chakudya m'nyumba zawo.
Beavers ndi nyama zachikhalidwe, amapanga mabanja awo. Banja limodzi lili ndi anthu pafupifupi 10 - awa ndi makolo ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizikutha kutha. M'gawo lomweli, mabanja okhala ndi zokolola amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zana. Kukula kwa gawo lomwe banja lili m'mbali mwa nyanja ndi makilomita 3-4. Monga lamulo, ma beavers samayenda mopitilira 200-300 metres kuchokera pagombe.
Akachoka m'mabanja awo, achinyamata omwe amakhala ndi chidwi chodzala ndi amuna amakhala okhaokha kwakanthawi m'malo obisika, koma m'kupita kwanthawi amapeza mabanja awo.
Mahatchi ndi madamu a zokongoletsa
Pomwe kumakhala kosatheka (magombe ndi osazama komanso osayenda bwino), olimawo amangapo malo okhala osaya omwe amatchedwa malo osungirako. Amamanga kanyumba kamtengo, ndikuikamata ndi dothi komanso dothi. Nyumbayi ndi yolimba komanso yopanda phokoso. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimamanga zipinda zokhala ndi zipinda zambiri. Nyumba za Beaver zikufotokozedwa, kutalika kwake mpaka 3 m, ndi mainchesi a 10! Beavers mosabisa nyumba yawo: amasunga mabowo, pansi ali ndi zokutira. Ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri, matenthedwe mkati mwa chipindacho amakhalabe abwino. Kuwononga dongosololi silophweka konse, kuwonjezera apo, okhalamo akadali ndi nthawi yobisala m'madzi kudzera mumadzi apansi pamadzi.
Komwe madzi samakhazikika kuti athe kukhazikika, opanga matenga amapanga damu kuchokera pamitengo yamiyala, miyala yolemetsa, nthambi, dongo ndi silika (amafunika kutuluka kwamadzi kuchokera munyumba). Maziko ake nthawi zambiri imakhala mtengo wakugwa, womwe ma beavers umazungulira ndi zomangamanga zing'onozing'ono. Kapangidwe kameneka kakhoza kufika pamakwerero osangalatsa: kutalika kwa 20-30 m, kutalika kwa 2-3 ndi m'lifupi mwake mpaka mamita 5. Opanga amayang'anira madamu, kukonza mabowo ndikuchotsa kutayikira. Mapangidwe awa ndi olimba kwambiri, amatha kupirira kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu.
Ubwino wa ntchito zokomera
Mtengo wa ntchito za beaver ndiwokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, kupanga madamu kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa madzi apansi ndi chinyezi cha peat yamtchire. Kukhazikika kosakwanira kwa zinthu zowonongeka izi m'nkhalango kumachulukitsa mwayi wa moto, womwe umakhala wowopsa kwambiri nyengo yotentha. Madamu omwe amayamba chifukwa chopanga madamu a beaver amakhala malo okhala m'madzi amadzi. Izi zimakopa mitsinje yambiri yamadzi, kuyambira chisa pafupi ndi posungira.
Mfundo Zabwino za Banja
Beavers amakhala m'mabanja, amakhala malo amodzimodzi kwa zaka zambiri, kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku mbadwo. Chiwembu cha Aft chitha kutalika kwa mazana angapo mamita. Beavers nthawi zambiri amadana ndi kuzunzidwa kwa akunja, koma m'malo okhala ndi zakudya zambiri, malo omwe mabanja osiyanasiyana amatha kukhudzana ngakhale kudutsana.
Beavers ndi nyama zokhazokha, amapanga awiriawiri moyo, ndipo mabanja amathetsa pokhapokha ngati mmodzi wa iwo atamwalira. Chapakatikati, zokongoletsa zimatuluka. Nthawi zambiri saposa asanu. Amakutidwa ndi tsitsi, maso ndi otseguka. Kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo, ma beawa amatha kusambira. Amayi amadyetsa ana awo mkaka kwa miyezi itatu, ngakhale sabata yachitatu atayamba kudya zakudya zamasamba. Nyama zazing'ono zimakhala ndi makolo awo kwa zaka 2 mpaka 2,5, kenako atayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, akusaka malo abwino kukonzekera malo okhala.
Kusaka chakudya
Beavers ndi usiku. Madzulo, mabowo ndi malo ogona amachoka, akupita kukadya. Pazakudya zawo - zakudya zamasamba: masamba azomera, zipatso zam'madzi zopezeka m'madzi, masamba, makungwa a mitengo yambiri yabwino. Popeza chakudyachi sichili ndi chakudya chamafuta kwambiri, anthu omwe amadya zakudya usiku wonse, amagona m'mawa wokha.
Mu nthawi yophukira, nyama zimayamba kusunga chakudya nthawi yachisanu, mitengo ndi zitsamba, kuzisunga pansi pa chosungira. Pakakhala kuti kulibe chakudya chokwanira pafupi ndi komwe amakhalako, anthu okonza njawo amatumizira chakudya ku nkhalango yapafupi. Ponyamula nthambi, zimagwiritsa ntchito ngalande zodzazidwa ndi madzi, zopangika pamalo oponderezedwa kwambiri, kapenanso kukumba makamaka.
Ndipo osati asodzi konse
Lingaliro lalikulu lolakwika lokhudza chakumwa ndi chakuti amadya nsomba. M'malo mwake, nyama ndizabwinobwino. Amakonda msondodzi ndi aspen, sasiya kutulutsa popula, birch, zomera zamadzi zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kulambira makungwa ndi mitengo yaying'ono. Ndiye chifukwa cha ichi, iwo amatchera mitengo.
Mphindi 5 zokha ndizokwanira kuti beaver itaye mtengo wa ma diameter mpaka ma sentimita khumi. Chilombo chimagwira ntchito iyi, chikuyimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo kupumula mchira wake - ndikofunikira osati pakusambira. Kutsogolo, mano alibe wopanda pake, kumbuyo kumakupera. Nsagwada zake zimagwira ngati nkhuni: mano akum'mwamba, akakata, akakumana ndi mtengo, ndipo m'munsi mkamwa mwake amatsogodola.
Izi ndizosangalatsa: Kwa nthawi yozizira, banja la beaver limatha kusunga nthambi za mita pafupifupi 70. Katunduyo amasungidwa pansi pa gombe m'madzi.
M'mayikidwe kapena m'maenje
Ndizosangalatsa: Kutalika kwambiri kwa dziwe labwino kwambiri lodziwika bwino ndi anthu kupitirira 800 metres.
Zokayikitsa zonyamula nyama pakudya nsomba zimagwirizana ndi kuthekera kwawo pakupanga madamu. M'malo mwake, ndi thandizo lawo, amawongolera mayendedwe amadzi mu dziwe kuti lisasweke mwakutsegulira zolowera kuzitseko zawo, kapena mosinthanitsa, asadzaze madzi. Nyumbayo imamangidwa pomwepo palibe njira yokumba dzenje m'mbali mwa nyanja - iyi ndi matabwa, osanjidwa ndi dongo. Monga dzenje, nyumbayo iyenera kukhala ndi malowedwe apansi pamadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimawotha nyumbayo kuti kutentha kwake kuzikhala kwabwino.
Beavers ndi nyama zapabanja, ngakhale kuli zokonda. Banja ndi makolo, nyama zazing'ono zakale komanso ngakhale chaka chatha, ndi ana amuna atsopano. Amabadwa kasupe, nthawi yomweyo amatha kusambira. Ndizachilendo kudziwa kuti makolo saphunzitsa ana kuti apange nyumba zopangira matumba ndi miyala - awa ndi maluso apakati.
Wamphongo, mutu wa banja, amayika malire ndi gawo lake ndi mtsinje wake.
Izi ndizosangalatsa: Beavers amanenedwa pogwiritsa ntchito nkhonya kumadzi ndi michira yawo - izi zimatha kufalitsa chizindikiro chowopsa. Zowonadi, mchira ndi chipangizo chogwirira ntchito mu nyama iyi.
Osakhala tizilombo konse
Chopanda chidziwitso, ntchito yodulira nkhuni siimavulaza kwenikweni kuposa phindu lomwe amabweretsa. Zachilengedwe chifukwa cha ma beare zimadzala kwambiri - madamu awo ali ndi tizilombo tambiri, ma mollusks, motero pali mbalame zambiri. Amabweretsa mazira pama pawoko kuchokera kumalo ena kokasaka - kuchuluka kwa nsomba kukukulira. Mitengo yokhomedwa imakopa hares ndi unulates ndi mwayi wodyetsa makungwa, nthambi. Madzi omwe ali m'madamu akutsuka litsiro ndi silika.
Nyama zofunikirazi zinali zitatsala pang'ono kutha - chifukwa chofuna kusaka anthu ambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, kunalibe ngakhale anthu chikwi chimodzi ndi theka otsalira ku kontrakitala ya Europe. Kuletsa kusaka ndi kutsegulira malo m'deralo la Voronezh kunathandizira kubwezeretsa anthu. Kuchokera pamenepo, okongoletsa sanakhazikike mdziko lathu lokha, komanso ena angapo.
Theka la zaka izi zisanachitike, anthu aku America ndi aku Canada adayamba kulondera omanga awo oyipa. Masiku ano, beaver waku Canada wakhazikika patali ndi gawo lakale. Argentina, Sweden, Finland - adabweretsa kumeneko ndi anthu. Ndipo kenako adakhazikika. Chifukwa chake, nyama zaku Finland zidafika kudera la Russia, tsopano kuchuluka kwawo mdziko lathu ndi gawo limodzi lokha lachitatu kuposa chiwerengero cha anthu wamba omwe amakhala pano.
Ndizosangalatsa: Beavers adapeza malo awo m'manja mwa mizinda ingapo ku Russia, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, France. Kuyambira kalekale, kambuku wokhala ndi mano osungika pamiyendo ya Irkutsk, komano amatchedwa kambuku. Chifukwa chakulakwitsa m'zaka za zana la 19, wolemba zodzikongoletsa adaikidwa pamenepo. Atazindikira tsatanetsatane, nyama yabwino kwambiri idawonekera: malingana ndi malongosoledwe a manja a Novosibirsk, nyamayo amatchedwa babr, ndipo chinyama chachikulu chikuwonetsedwa, chinafanana ndi chakumwa.
Patsamba lathu mutha kugula nyama zodzikongoletsa zopangidwa ndi manja a mmisiri waluso.
Kupanga madamu
Chifukwa chiyani oweta amadyetsa amadamu? Chifukwa chake ali ndi madzi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, banja lokongola limakhazikika pamtsinje kapena mtsinje kuti akweze madziwo momwemo, makoswe ndikuwakhazikitsa. Chifukwa cha madamu, nyanja yaying'ono imapezeka kuchokera kumtsinje, komwe ndimakonda kukhala onyamula.
Maphunziro.
Konyowa nthawi zonse ngati madzi
Imagwira ntchito moyenera:
Amanga mpanda pansi pamadzi.
Atsikana, lero ndikufuna kukudziwitsani zokongoletsa, zokongoletsa ndizabwino omanga.
Beavers mitsinje omanga oseketsa.
Zonona - zodabwitsa kwambiri - nyama zolimbikira. Zokha zokolola zimatha kumanga pamitsinje ndi mitsinje platinamu yeniyeni, monga mitengo yopanda matabwa, idagwa mitengo, kumanga nyumba zokhalamo.
Imakhala yolimba, yolungidwa mwaluso kuchokera kuma nthambi, simenti silt mtsinje, beaver platinamu sachita manthangakhale kusefukira kwamadzi.
Koma nayi platinamu zomangidwawopangidwa wamkulu mtsinje dziwe komanso pakati pa dziwe linamera chimbudzi.
Lowani muakaunti kumadula nyumbayo nthawi zonse imakhala pansi pa madzi. M'kati mwa nyumbayo, nyamazo zimapanga chipinda chochezera. Mmenemo nyama zimapuma masana, ndipo usiku zimapitako "kudula mitengo".
Pano kumadula wopeza katswiri kapena msondodzi ndipo amayamba kukukutira mtengo kuchokera mbali zonse. Mtengo umadyetsa.
Mtengo wokugwa zokongoletsakudula mosamala: Amalekanitsa nthambi, kudula chimtengo mbali zingapo, kenako amasungunula pansi padziwepo kupita kunyumba kwawo ndikuyika pafupi ndi inzake.
Chifukwa chake zokongoletsa konzani zakudya zawo nyengo yachisanu. Dziwe liziwola, ndipo zokongoletsa Adzakhala mnyumba yawo ndikudulira chisangalalo makungwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono za msuzi, msondodzi, birch, popula, zomwe amakonda.
Overwinter zokongoletsa, ndipo pofika masika amakhala ndi zochepa zokongoletsa. Makanda atsopano zokongoletsa Pakatha masiku awiri amayamba kusambira, ndipo patatha milungu itatu amadya mbewu. Pofika nthawi yophukira, nyamazo zimakula, ndipo banja lonse lomwe likugwira ntchito molimbika pamodzi limakonza madamu, nyumba zawo ndikukonza malo atsopano.
7 slide - 8 slide
Amawoneka bwanji zokongoletsa? Mukamamuyang'ana kuchokera kutsogolo, adzadzidzimuka ndimiyendo yabwino kwambiri (mano akutuluka pamwamba pamilomo. Amagwira nawo pansi pa madzi, osatsegula pakamwa pake.
Ndi mchira wachilendo bwanji kumadula, amamuthandiza mochenjera, amamuyenda m'madzi.
Mphunzitsi: anyamata, tsopano tiyeni tichite maphunziro olimbitsa thupi.
Ndipo mabulosi amamera m'nkhalango
Ndipo mabulosi obiriwira akukula m'nkhalango,
Kusankha mabulosi
Squat mozama. (Magulu.)
Ndidayenda kutchire.
Ndinyamula mtanga wa zipatso. (Kuyenda m'malo.)
Mafunso kwa ana.
chani pangani mikanda? (platinamu, huts)
Kodi kukolola chakudya?
Mtengo umamangidwa mbali zonse, mtengo wakugwa zokongoletsakudula mosamala: nthambi zimalekanitsidwa, thunthu limadulidwa m'magawo angapo.
Amadya chiyani zokongoletsa? (udzu, nthambi, makungwa).
Mphunzitsi: anyamata, lero adatembenukira kwa ife kuti atithandize beyaver Kuzya, adakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, koma mitengoyo sikumera pamenepo. Atsikana, thandizani Kuza ndikubzala mitengo pafupi ndi mtsinje.
Agogo, samalani ndi chilengedwe, muteteze zinyama.
Ana ali ndi aphunzitsi amangirira mitengo. Kuzya kuthokoza anyamata chifukwa chothandizidwa.
Chidule cha phunziroli "Othandizira Achichepere" (gulu lachiwiri lomaliza) Zolinga: kukulitsa kuyankhula kwa ana asukulu zamakalasi, kukhazikitsa mawu. Ntchito: Ntchito zophunzitsa: phunzirani kuyimba moyenera.
Chidule cha phunziro la "Dziwani Nokha" (gulu lachiwiri lomaliza) Dzina la ntchito "Dziwani Nokha" (gulu lachiwiri laling'ono) Mphunzitsi wopititsa patsogolo maphunziro. M'mawa uliwonse, msonkhano wathu mu kindergarten umayamba ndi mawu ....
Mapeto a phunzilo lophatikizika "Tizilombo" (gulu lachiwiri latsopanolo) Maphunziro ophatikizika a "Tizilombo" Kukula kwachidziwitso: - kukulitsa ndi kuphatikiza chidziwitso cha ana zokhudzana ndi tizilombo, kuti awadziwitse iwo kuti azidziwitsa ena.
Mapeto a mutu wa mutu "Ndife mbalame zoseketsa" (gulu lachiwiri) Zosangalatsa za mutu wankhani "Ndife mbalame zoseketsa" (gulu lachiwiri) Zolinga za "Tsiku la Mbalame" Zolinga: kuti athandize pochotsa nkhawa.
Chidule cha phunziro "Kugwiritsa" Ng'ombe "(gulu laling'ono kwambiri) Cholinga cha phunziroli: Kuphunzitsa ana za njira yachilendo pa pepala, kuwonetsa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mbaleyo mwaluso.
Chidule cha phunziroli "Basket lomwe lili ndi mavitamini" (gulu lachiwiri lomaliza) Cholinga: kuphunzitsa ana kuti azigwira ntchito limodzi ndikupanga mawonekedwe, komanso akhale ndi malingaliro oyenera azinthu zabwino.
Synopsis of the modeling "Mpheta ndi mphaka." Gulu Lachiwiri laling'ono Chowongolera: Kukonza zaluso ndi zokongoletsa (zoyerekeza). Mutu: "Mpheta ndi mphaka." Zoyeseza: Imayang'ana kulankhulana ndi akulu ndipo.
Chidule cha phunziroli pakugwiritsa ntchito "Snowman" (gulu lachiwiri lomaliza) Ntchito: Kuzindikira dziko lapansi: Ndi nthawi yanji ya chaka ndi mwezi? Kutentha kapena kuzizira kunja? Kodi pali matalala kunja? Icicles? wa.
Chidule cha phunziro "Kukoka Mwanawankhosa" (gulu lachiwiri lomaliza) Cholinga cha phunziroli: Kuphunzitsa ana momwe angapangire ziwalo za mwana wankhosa ndikukhala ndi chidwi ndi nyama. Ntchito za pulogalamu: 1. Maphunziro.
Chidule cha phunziroli "Zayushkina hut." Gulu lachiwiri lomaliza Gulu lachiwiri lomaliza Mwachidule cha phunziro "Cholinga cha Zayushkina" Cholinga. Kuphunzitsa kuthetsa nthano, kuzindikira momwe ziliri mu nthano ya nthano, kuyankha.
Mverani mawu okongola
Moyo wa Beaver umadalira kwathunthu kumtsinje. M'madzi, omwe amadyera limodzi, amagwera pobisalira ndipo amathawa adani. Pansi pa madzi, makoswewo sangathe kupitirira mphindi 15. Pakakhala zoopsa, luso loteteza mpweya ndizothandiza kwambiri kukongoletsa.
Asanayambe kuimitsa dziwe, okonza nyemba azindikire malo omangira. Zokongoletsera zimasankha malo omwe gombe loyandikana limakhala pafupi. Beavers imasamaliranso za kupezeka kwa mitengo pagombe, chifukwa ndiye chimangidwe chachikulu cha zomangamanga. Zovala zonunkhira pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndikuziyala pansi. Mbali yapansi imalimbikitsidwa ndi nthambi ndi dongo. Zojambula ngati izi ndizolimba komanso zodalirika.
Damu, lomwe limamangidwa ndi akatswiri onyentchera, amatha kutalika mikono 30. M'munsi, dawoli ndi mulifupi - pafupifupi 5-6 mita, ndipo kumtunda kwake kumakhala kotalika mpaka mita 2. Kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake kumafikira mamita 3-5. Madamu omwe adamangidwa ndi anthu okula 500 ndi 850 metres adalembedwa.
Ngati pali mitsinje yamphamvu pamtsinje, ndiye kuti anthu okonza ndewo amapanga madamu owonjezerapo ndikupanga ngalande zapadera zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mtsinjewo kukasefukira. Zovala zowunikira nthawi zonse zimayang'anira zomwe zimapanga, nthawi yomweyo zimachotsa zowonongeka zazing'ono komanso kutuluka.
Kuberekanso komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo wa okongoletsa
Omwe aku Canada amapanga maukwati amoyo, kupatukana kumachitika pokhapokha atamwalira. Nthawi yakukhwima mu nyama imayamba nthawi yozizira. Njira yakukhwima imachitika m'madzi. Mimba mu beaan ku Canada kumatenga masiku 128, ndipo mwa zodzikongoletsera wamba - masiku 107.
Ana 2-6 olemera mpaka magalamu 400 amabadwa. Yaikazi imadyetsa mkaka ndi mkaka kwa miyezi itatu. Sabata 1 pambuyo pa kubadwa, makanda atha kusambira kale. Amuna amapangidwa mokwanira ndi zaka 3. Mwa akazi ambiri, kutha msambo kumakhalanso ndi zaka zitatu. Akazi amatha kubereka kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Kuthengo, oweta aku Canada amakhala zaka 20-25, ndipo amakhala m'malo abwino zaka 35.
Chiwerengero cha mitundu
Osati kale kwambiri, ku North America, kunali anthu aku Canada okwana 100 miliyoni, koma podzafika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, makoswe anali atafafaniziratu. Kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri omwe adatsala, ochepa otsalira.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kuletsa kuwononga ma bea kudakhazikitsidwa. Masiku ano ku America, chiwerengero cha okongoletsa ku Canada ndi anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni. Ku Eurasia, zinthu zinali zitaipa kwambiri - podzafika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, anthu osapitirira 1,200 adatsala m'gawo lalikululi.
Kuletsedwa kwawo kuwonongedwa kwakhala kukuchitika kwa zaka zana limodzi, chifukwa chake, chiwerengerocho chakwera mpaka 700 700 makoswe. M'mayiko ambiri aku Europe, ma bea anawonongedwa kwathunthu m'zaka za XVII-XIX, ndipo lero alandidwanso kumeneko.
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